Melanoma 2014

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Tratamiento farmacológico del melanomaavanzado: pasado, presente y futuro

José Antonio López Martín

Oncología MédicaHospital Uni ersitario 12 de Oct!"re

Madrid# $spa%a

2

Melanoma metastásico - 2010• Incidencia global en ascenso• Edad de inicio menor que otros tumores• Mal pronóstico, opciones limitadas de tratamiento:

– Supervivencia 1 año ~25% / 2 años ~10%1

• No tratamientos aprobados para pacientes previamentetratados

• Ningún estudio aleatorizado ha mostrado incremento enla supervivencia

1Korn EL et al. J Clin Oncol . 2008;26:527-534

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Survival curves of ,!"# patients $it% metastatic melanomas atdistant sites &stage '() su*grouped *y &+) t%e site of metastatic

disease and & ) serum lactose de%ydrogenase & ./) levels

Balch C M et al. JCO 2009;27:6199-6206 ©2009 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

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&

ármacos activos en melanoma en estudiosde fase 2-" &de(ita 3 4e 2011)

ármaco acientesevalua*les

Tasa 5espuestas3*6etivas &7)

4#78'&7)

+l9uilantes'acar"azina 2(4)0 1 1*+1,-e.ozolo.ida &50 1# 11+1,

;itrosoureasLo.!stina 2)0 1" ,+1)

ote.!stina 15& 2< 1)+&1+nálogos latino

isplatino 1 2" 1)+2,ar"oplatino 4& 1! 5+2)

+gentes interaccionan microt=*ulos

aclita3el 5 1" )+22'oceta3el 105 11 *+1,

incristina 52 12 &+20in"lastina *2 1" 5+21indesina 2)& 1< 10+1

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• Reacción del huésped ante el melanoma (Handley , 1907):incremento del número de células redondas infiltrantes

• Respuesta del huésped ante el melanoma: re!resionesespont"neas documentadas

• #ustancias citotó$icas anto%melanoma ex-vivo , en el suerode al!unos pacientes (&e'is)

.acar*azina &.T'8)

• 'A lo apr!e"a en 1,)5• o 6a7 est!dios 8rente a

trata.iento de soporte

• 'i ersos es9!e.as en.onoterapia 7 en co."inación

• -asa resp!esta: ; <20=• >!per i encia: ; .eses ?@

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8onclusiones de revisiones sistemáticasy meta-análisis so*re el uso de .T'8

“… en conclusión, los datos obtenidos enlos últimos 30 años, y en particular en loúltimos 5, demuestran que el tratamientocon dacarbazina en monoterapiadacarbazina en monoterapiadacarbazina en monoterapiadacarbazina en monoterapia esequivalente al de las combinaciones dedicho fármaco con otros agentes, entérminos de eficacia antitumoral ysupervivencia…”

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)

.acar*azina• 'acar"azina estB indicado para el trata.iento de pacientes

con .elano.a .aligno .etastatizado#• 'acar"azina podrB ser ad.inistrado co.o agente Cnico en

dosis de 200 a 250 .g/.D/día i# # d!rante 5 días cada &se.anasEen "ol!s o en per8!sión rBpida ?de 15 a &0.in!tos #

• -a."ién es posi"le ad.inistrar 50 .g/.D de Brea des!per8icie corporal el pri.er día 7 desp!és !na ez cada &se.anas( en 8or.a de per8!sión intra enosa#

Temozolomida

• ro8Br.aco 9!egenera el .eta"olitoacti o de la

dacar"azina tras6idrólisis• ia oral• Atra iesa "arrera

6e.atoence8alica

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Temozolomida 1 4 meses

.T'8 1 # meses

/5 1 " > p?0 012

Temozolomida meses

.T'8 ! < meses

/5 1 1 &'8 4#7 0 42-1 #2)>

p?0 2

J Clin Oncol 18:158-166. 2000

J Clin Oncol 18:158-166. 2000

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,

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER 47 (2011) 1476 –1483

Supervivencia glo*al mediana,#1* . ?-e.ozolo.ida,#&* . ?'acar"azina FHazard ratio G 1#00(,5= con8idence inter al ?0# *( 1#1) #

Supervivencia sin progresión2#&0 . ?-e.ozolo.ida2#1) . ?'acar"azina FHazard ratio G 0#,2(,5= con8idence inter al ?0# 0(1#0* #

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otemustina 1 4 meses

.T'8 1 meses

otemustina " meses

.T'8 # ! meses

p?0 0!

otemustina 22 meses.T'8 2 meses p?0 0#4

T'@M 3 /+ST+ .@S+553 3 .@ M@T+ST+S'S 8@5@ 5+ @S

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otemustina'ndicaciones terapAuticas

Melano.a .alignodise.inado( incl!idas laslocalizaciones cere"rales(para ad.inistración en.onoterapia#

Dosis recomendada: 100 mg/m2.

En monoquimioterapia simple el tratamiento comprende:Inducción: tres administraciones consecutivas con unasemana de intervalo, seguidas de un período de lavado de 4 a5 semanas,Mantenimiento: una administración cada 3 semanas.

FECHA DE AUTORIZACIÓN: 05/11/99

J Clin Oncol 17:2105-2116. 1999

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?IL2 gp100 : ,= ?IL2 : 1=

$ngl J Med 2011F&*4:211,<2)#

Respuestas globalesRespuestas objetivas

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SupervivenciaSupervivencia global

Supervivencia glo*al de pacientes conmelanoma avanzado seg=n el tratamiento

Kar"e et al# -6e Oncologist 2011F1*:5<24

'-Iote.!stina

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*Datos recolectados mediante búsqueda PubMed “melanoma clinical trial.”

US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health.

N total de Ensayos Clínicospublicados *: 3337

14 0 B 2010: Más de "000 @@88sin impacto clCnico real

0

50

100

150

200

250

1970 1995 2005 2010

N P u b l i c a

i o n e s

d e

E n s a y o s

C l í n i c o s

*

Año Publicación20001975 1980 1985 1990

Phase III Study Design

1:1 randomization stratified by:

• metastatic stage (M1a, M1b, and M1c)• region (Australia, North America, Western Europe)• baseline LDH (< 0.8 x ULN, 0.8–1.1 x ULN, >1.1-2 x ULN)

Planned N = 514

Chemo-naïveECOG PS 0-1Stage IV cutaneousMeasurable diseaseLDH levels ≤ 2.0 x ULNNo current brain mets

nab -Paclitaxel ( nab -P)150 mg/m 2 IV

days 1, 8, and 15, 28-day cycle

Dacarbazine (DTIC)1000 mg/m 2 IV, day 1, 21-day cycle

• CT scan every 8 weeks in both arms • Enrollment period April 2009 – June 2011; Data cut-off – June 30, 2012 • Treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, patient/investigator discretion

ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group;LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ULN, upper limit of normal

Hersh, et al. Phase 3 Study of nab ® -Paclitaxel vs Dacarbazine in Chemotherapy-naïve Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma. Presented at: The Society ofMelanoma Reserach; November 8-11, 2012; Los Angeles, CA.

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Other Efficacy Endpoints

Blinded RadiologyAssessment

nab -Paclitaxel(n = 264)

Dacarbazine(n = 265)

Response RateRatio

(P na b-P /P DTIC)P -value

ORR, % (95% CI) 15 (10.5, 19.1) 11 (7.5, 15.1) 1.305 (0.837, 2.035) 0.239

DCR, % (95% CI) 39 (32.8, 44.5) 27 (21.5, 32.1) 1.442 (1.123, 1.852) 0.004PR, % 15 11SD ≥ 16 weeks, % 24 15

Best Response 0.0017*

PR, % 15 11SD, % 25 16PD, % 35 48 0.005**Not Evaluable, % 25 25

P, proportion of improved patients; PD, progressive, disease; SD,stable disease

* Includes confirmed PR + SD + PD ** Comparison of PD rate between arms

Hersh, et al. Phase 3 Study of nab ® -Paclitaxel vs Dacarbazine in Chemotherapy-naïve Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma. Presented at: The Society ofMelanoma Reserach; November 8-11, 2012; Los Angeles, CA.

Target Tumor Responses by Patient

Hersh, et al. Phase 3 Study of nab ® -Paclitaxel vs Dacarbazine in Chemotherapy-naïve Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma. Presented at: The Society ofMelanoma Reserach; November 8-11, 2012; Los Angeles, CA.

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PFS by Independent Radiology Review

CI, confidence interval

Hersh, et al. Phase 3 Study of nab ® -Paclitaxel vs Dacarbazine in Chemotherapy-naïve Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma. Presented at: The Society ofMelanoma Reserach; November 8-11, 2012; Los Angeles, CA.

OS: Planned Interim Analysis

Hersh, et al. Phase 3 Study of nab ® -Paclitaxel vs Dacarbazine in Chemotherapy-naïve Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma. Presented at: The Society ofMelanoma Reserach; November 8-11, 2012; Los Angeles, CA.

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Subtipos clínico-moleculares demelanoma

15

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Melero … Ascierto. Clin Cancer Res 2013

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Paradigmas de tratamiento farmacológico

del melanoma avanzado

Diana=sistemainmune

Diana=tumorInmunoterapia TratamientoAnti-diana

Cortesía del Dr. Ribas

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'pilimuma* en melanoma avanzado:

Supervivencia en ensayos de ase 2

O´Day et al. ASCO 2009: 9033

44

@ventos adversos relacionadoscon activación linfocitaria &ir+@s)

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50

Tremelimuma* +"! 1004:roteCna 8 reactiva y supervivencia

Mars6all A> O2010: 2*0,

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os respondedores a 'pilimuma* muestran un perfil deeDpresión gAnica del tipo Einflamación citotóDicaF

Ji et al, 2011.

CXCL9, 10, 11CCL4, CCL5Granzima BPerforinaCD8a

No Beneficio Beneficio

Screening

Semana 12'ncremento inicialde la carga total

de tumor &mG/3 .)

5espuesta ala semana 1!

Semana 4!5espuesta duradera ;o ir+@s

ortesía de 8 # Har.anNa7a( iena

Har.anNa7a ( et al# resented at $A'O 200,( ienna( A!stria

8inAtica especial de la respuestaantitumoral a ipilimuma*

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2)

Hodi F S et al. PNAS 2003;100:4712-4717

;ecrosis tumoral inducida por 'pilimuma*Wolchok et al.Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7412–20

-!.or necrosis it6 gran!loc7tesand l7.p6oc7tes

8.<H

8. H

8.20H cells

asc!lopat67 it6 peri asc!lar and intra.!ral l7.p6oidin8iltrates associated it6 l!.inal t6ro."osis

+nálisis de los patrones de respuesta

150125100

755025

0-25-50-75

-100-125

19,373

17,24215,111

12,98010,849

8,7186,5874,456

2,325194

-1,937

S P D

( mm

2 )

Relative week from first dose date

50

25

0

–25

–50

–75

–100

–125

C h a n g e

f r o m

b a s e l i n e

S P D ( % )

Relative week from first dose date

1,272

1,124975

827678

530

382233

85-64

-212

S P D

( mm

2 )

C h a n g e

f r o m

b a s e l i n e

S P D ( % )

-9 -3 3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51

Relative week from first dose date

C h a n g e

f r o m

b a s e l i n e

S P D ( % )

S P D

( mm

2 )

2,8942,5562,2181,8811,5431,206868530193-145-482

50

25

0

-25

-50

-75

-100

-125

Total tumourvolume

Index lesionsNew lesionsIpilimumabdosing

SPD = Sum of the Product of the perpendicular Diameters (a measure of tumour volume)

-9 -3 3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51

-9 -3 3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51

ISta*le diseaseI $it% slo$, steadydecline in total tumourvolume

Response after initial increasein total tumour volumeResponse in baseline lesions

C h a n g e

f r o m

b a s e l i n e

S P D ( % )

S P D

( mm

2 )

2,8102,4822,1541,8261,4981,171843515187-140-468

50

25

0

-25

-50

-75

-100

-125-9 -3 3 9 15 21 27 33 39 45 51

9 months

Relative week from first dose date

PD

PR

CR

5.2 months 6 months

9.4 months

Response in index and new lesionsAt or after the appearance of new lesions

Wolchok JD, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:7412–7420

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'pilimuma*: 5espuesta S;8&8+1 <-0<2: 8o%orte +)

asal Semana 1!

5 cere*ral H glo*al, de 11H meses duraciónHeller ( et al# A> O 2011# J linOncol 2011F2, ?s!pplF a"str 5 1

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&0

'pilimuma* H *evacizuma* &fase 1)

Hodi A> O 2011

'pilimuma* H JM-8S

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&1

3tras com*inaciones con ipilimuma*&clinicaltrials gov - marzo 201<)

H ot%er c%emo K targeted H ot%er immuno H ot%er agent8o.!stine ni ol!.a" "e aciz!.a"ge.cita"in cisplatin anti<OP40 radiationlo <dose c7clop6osp6a.ide anti< I lenolida.ide

e.!ra8eni" rIL<21 isolated li." in8!sion

da"ra8eni" tra.etini" KM< > cr7oa"lationQM><,0 **2 adopti e cell trans8er rit!3i.a"I.atini" a8ter allogeneic ste.

cell transplantradioe."olization

androgen<depri ation t6erap7 I <al8a 2"dasatini" a!tologo!s ' accinedo37c7cline te.ozola.ide I'O in6i"itorpaclita3el car"oplatin intrat!.oral IL<2car"oplatin etoposide Onco e3ge.cita"ine ni ol!.a"

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&&

+ctividad clCnica de nivoluma* B ase 1

65

Hodi ECCO 2013

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>znol M( et al# resented at A> O 2010 J Clin Oncol 2 :15s( 2010 ?s!pplF a"str 250* #

@ficacia antitumoral de

;ivoluma* & MS-4"!## ) en melanoma

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Pembrolizumab Pembrolizumab Pembrolizumab Pembrolizumab (MK (MK (MK (MK- -- -3475) 3475) 3475) 3475)

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Seguridad de 'pilimuma* y de

;ivoluma* en monoterapia

Wolchock J Leuk Biol 2013Melero Clin Cancer Res 2013

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[TITLE]

Presented By Jedd D. W olchok, MD, PhD at 2013 ASCO Annual Meeting

'pilimuma* H nivoluma*: 6ustificación preclCnica

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?E

22 months follow up for Cohorts 1-3

+S83 201< - 400" M Sznol et alSurvival, response duration, and activity *y 5+ mutation status ofnivoluma* &;'(3, anti- .-1, MS-4"!## , 3;3-<#" ) and ipilimuma*concurrent t%erapy in advanced melanoma

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+S83 201< - 400" M Sznol et alSurvival, response duration, and activity *y 5+ mutation status ofnivoluma* &;'(3, anti- .-1, MS-4"!## , 3;3-<#" ) and ipilimuma*concurrent t%erapy in advanced melanoma

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Paradigmas de tratamiento farmacológicodel melanoma avanzado

Diana=sistemainmune

Diana=tumorInmunoterapia TratamientoAnti-diana

Cortesía del Dr. Ribas

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Melanoma $it% a*normal M+ L pat%$ay

Georgina Long 2011

BRAF inhibitorsVemurafenib

Dabrafenib/GSK2118436LGX818

MEK inhibitorsTrametinibGDC-0973PimasertibMEK162AZD6244TAK, BAY,

ERK inhibitorMERCK

mTOR

PI3K

Akt

PI3K inhibitorsmTOR inhibitors

PTEN

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RasGTP

Basal

pERK

cyclin D

Ki67

Día 15

Cyclin D

BRAFV600

MEK

ERK

P

P

Cell cycle(Ki67)

PLX4032

RTK

Y-PY-P

GF

Inhibición de la señal de MAPK en biopsias de pacientes conmelanoma con mutación en BRAFV600 tratados con Vemurafenib

MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase;pERK = phosphorylated extracellurar signal-regulated kinase.Adapted from Smalley et al, 2010; Flaherty et al, 2010b.

McDermott U et al. N Engl J Med 2011;364:340-350.

Respuesta metabólica precoz aVemurafenib

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5*

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5)

Flaherty et al, 2010; Chapman et al, 2011; Sosman et al, 2012.

100908070605040302010

0 P r o g r e s s i o n -

f r e e s u r v i v a l ( %

)

0 6 12 18 24

338337

63186

2277

316

00

100269

37113

1449

03

No. at risk

1.6 6.9

Hazard ratio 0.38(95% CI: 0.32–0.46)

Log-rank p<0.001 (post-hoc)Dacarbazine

(n=338)

Vemurafenib (n=337)

Progression-free survival (February 01,2012 cut-off) censored at crossover

Time (months)

DacarbazineVemurafenib

Chapman. ASCO 2012

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5

100908070605040302010

0

O v e r a l l s u r v i v a l ( %

)

0 6 12 18 24

Vemurafenib (n=337)Median f/u 12.5 months

Dacarbazine (n=338)Median f/u 9.5 months

338337

173280

79178

2444

01

244326

111231

50109

47

9.7 13.6

Overall survival (February 01, 2012 cut-off)

censored at crossover

Hazard ratio 0.70(95% CI: 0.57–0.87)p<0.001 (post-hoc)

Time (months)

DacarbazineVemurafenib

No. at risk

Chapman. ASCO 2012

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5,

.a*rafeni* 5@+L-":rimary endpoint: S 'nvestigator-assessed

&cut-off: 14 .ecem*er 2011)

On randomized study treatment at cut-off: dabrafenib 57%, DTIC 27%Median follow-up time: 4.9 months (dabrafenib 5.1 mos, DTIC 4.8 mos.)

Ha!sc6ild A> O 2012

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*0

No prior brain treatment: BRAF V600E

maximal intracranial target lesion reduction

Cohort B

Cohort A

irN ood# A> O 2012

Selected adverse events (% of patients)

Vemurafenib, n= 336 Dacarbazine, n= 282

Adverse events All Grade 3 Grade ≥ 4 All Grade 3 Grade ≥ 4

Arthralgia 49 3 - 3 <1 -

Rash 36 8 - 1 - -

Fatigue 33 2 - 31 2 -

Photosensitivity 30 3 - 4 - -↑↑↑↑ LFTs 18 7 <1 5 1 -

Cutaneous SCC 12 12 - <1 <1 -

Keratoacanthoma 8 6 - - - -

Skin papilloma 18 <1 - - - -

Nausea 30 1 - 41 2 -

Neutropenia <1 - <1 11 5 3

Discontinuations due to AE: 6% Vemurafenib; 4% Dacarbazine

Chapman. ASCO 2012

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*1

Eventos adversos ocurridos en > 5%

pacientes

Fotosensibilidad: dabrafenib (3%), DTIC (5%)

otosensi*ilidad

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*2

ToDicidad cutánea por in%i*idores 5+

An8ort6# Lancet Oncol 201&F 14: e11+1

Carcinoma epidermoide/keratoacantomapiel por vemurafenib

– Incidencia: 26%

– Tiempo hasta aparición (mediana): 8 semanas (2–36)

– N mediano de episodios por paciente: 1 (range 1–7)

(cada punto es la semana hasta 1ª aparición de una lesión en unpaciente)

0 5 10 15 20 25 3530 40

Tiempo con Vemurafenib (semanas)

Mediana

Ribas et al, 2011.

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*&

.ifferential effects of 5+ in%i*ition in 5+ (!00mutant melanoma and 5+ $ild type cells

BRAF V600 mutant melanoma BRAF wild type cells

Modeled from Hatzivassiliou et al . Nature 2010, Heidorn et al . Cell 2010, Poulikakos et al . Nature 2010

CRAF

MEK1/2

ERK

P

P

BRAF V600

MAPKsignaling

CRAF

MEK1/2

ERK

P

P

BRAF V600

PLX4032

MAPKsignaling

CRAF

MEK1/2

ERK

P

P

BRAF

MAPK signaling

RAS

CRAF

MEK1/2

ERK

P

P

BRAF

PLX4032

MAPK signaling

RAS

aradoDical M+ L activation in /5+S mutantcuS88KL+s

BRAF wild type cells

CRAF

MEK1/2

ERK

P

P

BRAF

MAPK signaling

RAS

CRAF

MEK1/2

ERK

P

P

BRAF

PLX4032

MAPKsignaling

HRAS Q61

Fei Su, Amaya Viros, Carla Milagre, … Antoni Ribas*, Richard Marais*. NEJM 2012Oberholzer, …. Robert, Garraway, JCO 2011

ParadoxicalMAPK activation

with RAF inhibitors

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*4

010203040506070

CR+PR SD PD

Assessment of Tumor Response Rate tovemurafenib: Independent Review Committee

• ORR 53% by IRC• ORR 57% by investigator assessments (INV)

• RR, including unconfirmed, 69% (INV)

• PR in 4 of 10 BRAF V600K patients

R e s p o n s e r a

t e ( % )

n=70 n=38 n=18

53% CR+PR

5% CR

29%

14%

Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals

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*5

5esponse and 5elapse $it% vemurafeni*10/02/08 (Pre) 11/26/08 (2+ mo) 02/20/09 (4+ mo)

Pt #43, UCLA

melanoma

stroma

A# i"as

Mec%anisms of 5esistance to 5+ 'n%i*itors

Survival

BRAF V600E

MEK

ERK

P

P

BRAF inh

PDGFRb or IGF1R

PI3K

AKT

Nazarian et al.Nature 2010Villanueva et al.Cancer Cell 2010

MEK-independentprogression

Nazarian et al.Nature 2010

NRAS Q61

COTJohannessen et al.Nature 2010

CRAF

Wagle et al.JCO 2011

MEK-dependentprogression

Poulikakos et al.Nature 2012Shi et al.Nature Com 2012

MEKi

PI3Ki or AKTi

A# i"as

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**

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*)

Trametinib (GSK1120212)Highly selective, allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/MEK2

IC50 of 0.7-0.9 nM

Unique exposure profile provides constant target inhibition and

minimizes potential Cmax driven toxicities

TrametinibMEK1 Binding-Model

D a y

1 5 C

o n c e n t r a t i o n

( n g

/ m L )

Preclinical Target

Time (hours)

METRIC Overall Survival – ITT

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*

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*,

Enhanced Antitumor Activity with Combination

M e a n

t u m o r v o

l u m e

( m m

3 ) +

S E M

BRAFV600E human melanoma xenograft

2000

1500

1000

500

0

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0Treatment period (days)

A375PF11

Untreated controlTrametinib (0.3 mg/kg)Dabrafenib (30 mg/kg)Dabrafenib(300 mg/kg)Dabrafenib+trametinib(30/0.3 mg/kg)

Re"er# A> O 2012

MEKi Blocks BRAFi-Induced Skin Lesions in Rats

Control BRAFi (150 mg/kg) BRAFi + MEKi (1.5 mg/kg)

BRAFi alone resultsin thickening &hyperkeratosis

Co-dosing with MEKiattenuates lesionformation

Re"er# A> O 2012

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)0

Key Treatment-Related Skin Toxicities

All Part B Patients(N = 135)

Grade ≥ 3,n (%)

Any grade event,n (%)

Rash/Skintoxicities 1 3 (2%) 61(45%)

Skin papilloma 0 (0%) 3 (2%)

Squamous cellcarcinoma 4 (3%) 4 (3%)

Actinic keratosis 0 (0%) 7 (5%)

Hyperkeratosis 0 (0%) 5 (4%)

1Skin toxicities include multiple terms

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)1

Treatment-Related AEs ≥ 20% of Patients4 dose levels

dabrafenib/trametinib (mg BID/mg QD) – 75/1, 150/1, 150/1.5, 150/2

Preferred Term

Full dose (n = 79)(150 mg BID dabrafenib/2 mg QD trametinib) All Part B

Patients(N = 135)

n (%)Grade ≥ 3n (%)

All graden (%)

Any event, n (%) 28 (35) 1 71 (90) 126 (93)

Pyrexia 6 (8) 46 (58) 70 (52)

Rash/Skintoxicities 2

0 33 (42) 61 (45)

Chills 1 (1) 29 (37) 51 (38)

Fatigue 1 (1) 30 (38) 50 (37)

Nausea 1 (1) 27 (34) 46 (34)

Dose reduction due to AEs in 39% of all Part B patients; most common are pyrexia (23%); chills (10%)

1Includes 1 Grade 5 event of ventricular arrhythmia2Skin toxicities include multiple terms

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)2

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)&

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)4

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)5

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)*

5as mutated melanoma

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))

J;+ KJ;+11 melanoma

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)

c-L'T activated melanoma

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),

Imatinib in KIT-abnormal melanoma

M1b M1cM1a

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

K!o J et al( A> O 2010

KIT status (Exon 9:11:13:17:18: amplif) 2:14:8:3:5:3

Correlations of response andKIT aberrations

KIT Status PR SD PR+SD

KIT Amp 1/3 0/3 1/3

Exon11 2/12 8/12 10/12Exon13 3/8 1/8 4/8

Exon17 0/3 1/3 1/3

Exon18 0/4 2/4 2/4

Multiple gene aberrations* 3/4 1/4 4/4

* 4 patients respectively harbored multiple KIT aberrations as following:(13)K642E+Amplification ; (13) I817T(T2450C); (18)F848L(T2542C) ;(11)L576P+Amplification ;

K!o J et al( A> O 2010

07

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0

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1

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Le7endas !r"anas• Ipili.!.a" es tó3ico 7 de di8ícil .aneSo

– La 8or.ación delpaciente 7 del .édico es la cla e• Los trata.ientos antidianas de"erían reser arse

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pacientes con la .!tación 7 tanto .eSor c!anto .Bs8a ora"le es la "iología de la en8er.edad

• o 6a7 s!per i encias prolongadas con lostrata.ientos antidiana ?Tplatea! – o 6a7 seg!i.iento s!8iciente# o lo sa"e.os#