Printing Technology

西安理工大学 Xi’an university of technology

Printing TechnologyPrinting Technology

Faculty of Printing EngineeringFaculty of Printing EngineeringXi’an University of TechnologyXi’an University of Technology

Prof.Cao CongjunProf.Cao Congjun 曹从军曹从军

印刷工程导论http://ybxy.xaut.edu.cn/ysgcdl/国家级精品课程 / 省级双语示范课程

中英双语课程的几点说明中英双语课程的几点说明 英文基础英文基础 (English level)(English level) 书本书本 (Text book)(Text book) 考勤考勤 (Attendance)(Attendance) 作业作业 (Homework)(Homework) 实验实验 (Experiment)(Experiment) 课件中大量图片选自《印刷媒体手册》课件中大量图片选自《印刷媒体手册》““ Handbook of Print Median”Handbook of Print Median” 及网及网络络 ,, 在此致谢。在此致谢。

课程进程安排课程进程安排• 学时安排：共 56 学时

• 成绩考核方法：其中课堂教学 50 学时 实验教学 6 学时闭卷考试 70%作业、平时表现、实验 30%

Welcome to “An Introductionto Graphic art” !

• 课程性质：全面概要论述印刷工艺及相关基本知识和基本 原理的专业入门课，是进一步专业学习的基础。• 目的：对印刷工业形成一个总体认识； 了解一个完整的印刷品基于什么原理，使用了哪些 方法、经过哪些工艺过程，如何得到。

• 课程内容框架： 印前处理（图文处理、制版）印刷（胶印、凹刷、柔印、丝印、喷墨和数字印刷等）印后加工（裁切、折页、装订）印刷质量控制基础印刷发展史

印刷综论

1.Historical background and development of printing technology

2.Fundamental of printing Technology

3. Basic design and traditional preparation

6.Traditional Image assemble and platemaking

7.Digital prepress

8.Printing Press

9. Paper and ink

10.Finishing operation5.Color

11.Quality control

4. Traditional line and halftone photography

西安理工大学 Xi’an university of technology

CP.1 CP.1 Historical background and development of printing technology

Introduction of Printing Technology & Industry

The Evolution of Graphic SymbolsEvolution of Graphic Symbols

The invention of Printing Technology

The Definition of Printing

§.1-1 §.1-1 The Definition of PrintingThe Definition of Printing

What is

“Printing” ？ExamplesExamples ？？And printing And printing

elements?elements?

一般而言一般而言 印刷乃是以直接或间接方法，将图像或文印刷乃是以直接或间接方法，将图像或文字原稿制为印版，在版上涂以色料印墨，字原稿制为印版，在版上涂以色料印墨，经加压将色料印墨转移于纸张或其他承印经加压将色料印墨转移于纸张或其他承印物上，而物上，而迅速大量复制迅速大量复制的一种工业工程。的一种工业工程。

• Conventional Definitiondirect

indirectplate

inkThe original(text/image)

pressure

SubstratePrinting products

General definition ： prepress + press + postpress

Pressure is the essential condition of conventional printing.

BUT ! In some new special printing area• No pressure E.g : Electrostatic printing, （ Xerography ） , Ink jet printing • No plate E.g : CTProof

Printing is the process of manufacturing multiple copies of graphic images.Printing is not limited to any particular materials or inks.

So !

§.1-2 The Invention of §.1-2 The Invention of Printing TechnologyPrinting Technology

Before the invention Before the invention The origin of printing technoloThe origin of printing technologygy The development processThe development process The movable typeThe movable type The tao—ban and color printinThe tao—ban and color printingg

Historical BackgroundHistorical Background

1.Before the invention•Record Methods

Draw cord 结绳 Chiseling Wood 刻木

Drawing Character

•Character甲骨文 金文 小篆 隶书 楷书

•Record ToolsOracle bone ， stone ，bronze utensil 青铜器，Bamboo sticks ， thin silk

Paper （ Cai Lun ）carving ， brush pen (BC3-4 ）Vermilion 朱砂 , black lead 石墨 ink

The basic substance

Draw cord Draw cord in Peruin Peru

Chiseling wood

结绳记事结绳记事 关于汉字的起源，古代典籍众说不一。《周关于汉字的起源，古代典籍众说不一。《周易易 ·· 系辞系辞 ·· 上》曰：“上古结绳而治，后世上》曰：“上古结绳而治，后世易之为书契。” 《九家易》也说：“古者易之为书契。” 《九家易》也说：“古者无文字，其为约誓之事，事大大其绳，事小无文字，其为约誓之事，事大大其绳，事小小其绳。结之多少随物众寡，各执以相考，小其绳。结之多少随物众寡，各执以相考，亦足以相治也。”结绳记事为上古记事的一亦足以相治也。”结绳记事为上古记事的一种方法，毕竟不能全面地记载复杂的事物，种方法，毕竟不能全面地记载复杂的事物，文明发展到一定程度时，必然会被图画或文文明发展到一定程度时，必然会被图画或文字取代。字取代。

刻木记事 刻木记事 原始记事的一种方法。当人类没有发明文字，或原始记事的一种方法。当人类没有发明文字，或文字使用尚不普遍时，常用在木片、竹片或骨片文字使用尚不普遍时，常用在木片、竹片或骨片上刻痕的方法来记录数字、事件或传递信息，统上刻痕的方法来记录数字、事件或传递信息，统称为刻木记事。 称为刻木记事。 　　在中国古代文献中，称木刻为“券契”、　　在中国古代文献中，称木刻为“券契”、“契”。《列子“契”。《列子 ·· 说符》： “宋人有于道得人造说符》： “宋人有于道得人造契者， 密数其齿……。”“齿”即木刻上的缺口契者， 密数其齿……。”“齿”即木刻上的缺口或刻痕。中国青海乐都柳湾新石器时代墓葬中出或刻痕。中国青海乐都柳湾新石器时代墓葬中出土土 4040 枚骨片，两边刻有缺口，即是记事或记数用枚骨片，两边刻有缺口，即是记事或记数用物。木刻实物在敦煌汉简也有发现，其上写有文物。木刻实物在敦煌汉简也有发现，其上写有文字，这种带文字的木刻便称“书契”。 字，这种带文字的木刻便称“书契”。

The Oracle The Oracle bonebone Oracle

Bone Inscriptions

Oracle Bone Inscriptions (jiOracle Bone Inscriptions (jiaguwen)aguwen)

金文字的图片金文字的图片 钟鼎文或青铜器铭文

The Evolution of Chinese The Evolution of Chinese CharactersCharacters

Cai Lun PaperCai Lun Paper

2. The origination of Printing Technology

400 BC （战国时期）category ： characters cut in intaglio, characters cut in reliefmethod ： impressing

400 ADCharacters cut in intaglioMethod: brushing

stamper ：

Rubbing ：

Engraving ： 700AD Tang DynastyThe earliest printing

The basictechnology

The StamperThe Stamper

Characters Cut in Relief

Characters Cut in Intaglio

The RubbingThe Rubbing

RubbingsRubbings

3. The development of EngravingBeginning ： Tang Dynasty （ 700AD ）Technics ：

timber paste

Attach the original

Carve out non-image

inking paper brush products

Meanwhile ： Generate general printing character format

binding ： Sheet Brochures

Back upBack up

Process of Engraving Process of Engraving Plate-makingPlate-making

Engraving books

Roll binding卷轴式

Bag binding包背装订

The earliest newspaper in the The earliest newspaper in the worldworld 《开元杂报》部分《开元杂报》部分 目前发现最早的雕目前发现最早的雕版印刷成品是一单页版印刷成品是一单页版梵文撰写的《版梵文撰写的《陀罗陀罗尼尼经经》，该经是印在》，该经是印在亚麻纸上，于亚麻纸上，于 650650 年年至至 670670 年间出版，且年间出版，且在在 19741974 年于西安附年于西安附近的唐代陵墓出土。 近的唐代陵墓出土。

The earliest printing products The earliest printing products in the world with clear date ---in the world with clear date ---《金刚经》《金刚经》

这一切说明印刷术发明于 7 世纪，也是唐朝经济文化最发达的时期，这也符合科学技术的发展规律。

4. The invention of Movable typeSung Dynasty: Bi Sheng invented mud-type Technics: mud-type making , layout ,printing

Yuan Dynasty （ 1297-1298 ） Wang ZhenTimber-type , cycle composing stick

Yuan Dynasty （ 1370’s ） tin-type

1490’s copper-type (Korea 1403)

1500’s lead-type (Korea 1436, Europe1450)

Bi Sheng and The mud-typeBi Sheng and The mud-type

Wang Zhen Wang Zhen （王祯）（王祯）timber-type, cycle compositimber-type, cycle composing stickng stick 木制转轮排字盘 木制转轮排字盘

5. The Development of Tao-ban

Homochromous Color printing (tao-ban, dou-ban)

Tao-ban 1300’s , 同一幅面上印两色以上的印刷方式（只套不叠） 用于印刷文字书籍Dou-ban 1600’s ：根据原稿设色的深浅浓淡和阴阳背向不同分色，刻成多块印版，依据色调套印或叠印。用于复制图画

—— 是雕版印刷发展的高潮

Dou-ban 《十竹斋画谱》

§.1-2 Evolution of §.1-2 Evolution of Graphic SymbolsGraphic Symbols

Development of PictographsDevelopment of Pictographs象形文字象形文字 Development of IdeographsDevelopment of Ideographs表意文字表意文字 Development of Phonetic SymbolsDevelopment of Phonetic Symbols 语音语音符号符号

Look at P4.Look at P4.Pictographs shown in Pictographs shown in (a) and (b) were draw t(a) and (b) were draw to represent real objecto represent real objects.s. They were graduallThey were gradually simplified to repry simplified to represent general ideas esent general ideas and became know aand became know as ideographs(c). s ideographs(c).

§1-3 Printing Technology 1.The Development of Modern Printing Technology

Letterpress printing Offset Gravure printing

Gutenberg (Germany)

1. Letter type2. Metal type, easy to layout3. Invented wooden printing machine with impressing

principleThe Development ：

Photomechanically Film imagesetterDTP CTPHomochromastism

Speed/QualityImproved

color HiFi

Spread mapSpread map

http://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/civilization/printhttp://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/civilization/printing/evolve/evl111.htmling/evolve/evl111.html 科普博览印刷博物馆科普博览印刷博物馆

KoreaKorea

朝鲜最早的铅活字本，1436 年印的《通鉴纲目》，其中大字为铅活字朝鲜 1434 年的铜活字印本

Engraving books in EuropeEngraving books in Europe

The earliest printing products The earliest printing products ininJapanJapan《陀罗尼经咒》《陀罗尼经咒》

The earliest printing The earliest printing products inproducts inPhilippinePhilippine

Color printing of Vietnam, Color printing of Vietnam, Guan GongGuan Gong

Gutenberg and Metal-Gutenberg and Metal-typetype

Gutenberg and his Gutenberg and his factoryfactory

§1-5 Major printing ProcesMajor printing Process-s-P5P5 Relief PrintingRelief Printing Intaglio printingIntaglio printing Screen PrintingScreen Printing Lithographic PrintingLithographic Printing Electrostatic PrintingElectrostatic Printing

※※The The Relief printingRelief printing process includes letter pr process includes letter press printing,flexographic printing and all otheess printing,flexographic printing and all other methods of transferring an image from a raisr methods of transferring an image from a raised surface.ed surface.※ ※ Intaglio printingIntaglio printing is the reverse of relief print is the reverse of relief printing. An intaglio printing is transferred from a sing. An intaglio printing is transferred from a sunken surface.Industrial intaglio printing is caunken surface.Industrial intaglio printing is called lled gravuregravure..※ ※ Screen printingScreen printing transfers an image by allow transfers an image by allowing ink to pass through openings in a ing ink to pass through openings in a stencilstencil th that has been applied to a screen mesh. at has been applied to a screen mesh.

※ ※ A A lithographiclithographic image is transferred from a flat image is transferred from a flat surface.Certain areas on the surface are chemicasurface.Certain areas on the surface are chemically treated to accept ink while other areas are leflly treated to accept ink while other areas are left untreated so that they will repel ink.t untreated so that they will repel ink.※ ※ Electrostatic printingElectrostatic printing involves creating an ima involves creating an image by electrostatically charging areas of a special ge by electrostatically charging areas of a special drum.As a result,the drum attracts a dye or liquidrum.As a result,the drum attracts a dye or liquid toner.The toner is then transferred and fused td toner.The toner is then transferred and fused to a sheet of paper. o a sheet of paper.

§1-6 Printing CyclePrinting Cycle-P7-P7 The basic cycle of the printing industrThe basic cycle of the printing industry includes the following procedures:y includes the following procedures: Identifying a needIdentifying a need Creating an image designCreating an image design Reproducing the image designReproducing the image design Distributing the printed messageDistributing the printed message

§1-7 Sequence of Printing ProSequence of Printing Processcess Regardless of the printing process used,there is Regardless of the printing process used,there is a sequence of production steps that all printing fa sequence of production steps that all printing follows.The sequence consists of the following steollows.The sequence consists of the following steps:ps: Image designImage design Image generationImage generation Image conversionImage conversion Image assemblyImage assembly Image carrier PreparationImage carrier Preparation Image transferImage transfer FinishingFinishing

HomeworkHomeworkP16 Review questions 4,5.P16 Review questions 4,5.List the main persons and inventions contributing to printing technology in China. What’s main contributions of Gutenberg done for the development of printing technology ？