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Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of Renaissance)
13/1/2018 (Sat) Notes - Humanities - Renaissance I
RENAISSANCE (文藝復興)
1. In Wordings (Literal Definition) - “Rebirth” (重生)
Rebirth what? - Great interest in classical learning and value (During the ancient
greek and ancient rome - Greco-roman Culture)
2. Time Period - 14th Century to 17th Century - A period in European (Western)
History where there is a great and fantastic development in different aspects
Concept - Humanism (人道主義)
Humanism - Humans were placed in the center/middle of the universe
➢ Center of the universe - All human thinkings locate in the center (Most
important)
➢ Human Needs, values and talents > Religion and superstitions
➢ Renaissance - People thinkings are being respected, less superstitions
➢ Started in renaissance - people disbelieve the church due to their malpractices
(弊端) and “fakeness”
➢ Renaissance - Rise of universities - Keep books of Greco-roman culture where
➢ Start to discuss more human affairs and secular(世俗) matters
➢ Emphasize on inquiring mind
Impact properties:
1. People became more interested in human affairs and secular (non-religious matters)
2. People began to value the use of reason, instead of blindly following the church
Timeline@Post-classical and Modern History
Causes of Renaissance
Black Death
Black death disease break out ->
People trust the church that their sin is
not enough so the pray more with loyalty
-> However, the black death still break
out -> people questioned the church the
faith and challenge whether it is really the
problem of loyalty -> People start to think
more on the truth -> People trust science
-> Find evidence to prove something ->
Renaissance
Decline of Church
Church is corrupted (Selling indulgence)
-> Indulgence is useless in healing the
black death -> People doubt on the
honesty of the church and its teachings
Impacts of the Crusaders
People died in Crusades-> did not
understand why they need to fight with
Muslims-> they didn’t join Crusades but
received no punishment-> people
questioned the church
Decline of Feudalism
Noble and knight fighting with king to
seek more power-> lords refuse to pay
tax to king-> king did not give any
pressure-> feudal System cannot sustain
Spread of Eastern Knowledge Crusaders brought Arabic knowledge to
Europe-> Arabs studied Greco-Roman
classics and have advanced knowledge
of math, science, medicine and
astronomy. Crusaders also bring back
fine art and painting-> sold them and be
rich.
Rise of towns and middle classes
Crusaders bought back their freedom->
freeman-> settled in Towns and became
traders-> trade centre such as Venice
and Genoa were well developed-> earn
money by selling artwork to east
Europe-> those people spent more time
on supporting art, science, architecture.
They also explored the world due to
curiosity.
Rise of universities
Universities were set up at 12th century->
kept large collection of books about
Greco-Roman ideas-> not controlled by
church-> more people educated-> inquiry
minds developed-> used scientific
knowledge to solve problems->
humanism
Features of Renaissance
1. Art
Renaissance Paintings
All drawn from Leonardo Da Vinci (達文西)
Painting
Painting Name
Mona Lisa (c.1503) The Vitruvian Man (c.1487)
The Last Supper (1495-1498)
All drawn from Michelangelo (米開朗基羅)
Painting Painting Name
The Creation of Adam (c. 1511-1512)
Sistine Chapel Ceiling (Book of Genesis) (c.1508-1512)
By Raphael
The School of Athens (c. 1509-1510)
Sculpture
Sculpture sculpted by Michelangelo
Painting
Painting Name
The Pieta (1496) The Moses (1505)
2. Science
a. Astronomy
By Copernicus - Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs (Concept on Solar System)
Medieval Age:
The Earth is located in the center of the
solar system. (Wrong Concept)
(Geocentrism - 地心說)
Renaissance:
The Earth is not located in the center of the
solar system. Instead, the sun is located in
the center of the solar system.
(Heliocentrism - 日心說, by Copernicus)
b. Machine
Machines invented by Galileo (伽利略)
Geometrical and Military Compass First Astronomical Telescope
Knowing the direction of the geography A telescope observing the astronomy and space
Machines invented by Leonardo Da Vinci
Aerial Screw Flying Machine Armored Car
Some sort of flying things Some sort of airplane Some sort of militarial car
3. Mathematics
a. Golden Ratio
The Golden Ratio
Name Value Significance
Phi 1.618 Define “Standard of Beauty” Everything in this ratio has the most comfortable and beautiful looking. This is beauty
Golden Ratio and Golden Sprawl
Beautiful! Awesome!
As the golden ratio is set, this defines the standard of beauty because this ratio product
makes people comfortable. Therefore, many objects and architectures are designed
base on this golden ratio.
4. Literature
Literature Piece Literature Information and Description
The Decameron (By Boccaccio) The book is structured as a frame story containing 100 tales told by a group of seven young women and three young men sheltering in a secluded villa just outside Florence to escape the Black Death, which was afflicting the city. Boccaccio probably conceived of The Decameron after the epidemic of 1348, and completed it by 1353.
The Divine Comedy (By Dante) This shows the difference between rich and the poor, shows the society of capitalism where social class appears. The society has divided and their may be social division so this is divine comedy.
5. Architecture
3 properties of Renaissance Architecture:
1. Simplicity 2. Proportion (Golden ratio, shaped) 3. Balance (Symmetry and axis)
4 classical elements of Renaissance Architecture
1. Columns 2. Domes 3. Arches 4. Symmetry
(Greco-roman Culture Style)
Columns/Orders
Dome
Arches
Symmetry
6. Geography@Voyages of Discovery
Christopher Columbus (哥倫布) discovered the Land of America
The scale of the map is more accurate (Adjusting the more accurate size of the arctic
and antarctica)
(Mercator 1569 World Map)
Voyages of Discovery - 15th century to 16th century
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