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Public Space ; Quality of Life Tapping into the urban health resource
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Public Space ; Quality of Life Tapping into the urban health resource
Helle Søholt, Founding Partner & CEO
“Design of cities effects behavior”
We act on invitations…
Culture is not static; we adapt to our environment
We know what makes a good habitat …. for pandas & turtles
But what is a good habitat for people?
How do we design the urban habitat for the “walking animal”?
Social needs Physical needs
How are cities build to support our needs?
Fresh Air Exercise
Meet People
Any doctor or nurse would recommend
Yet we make it so difficult….
Poor pedestrian conditions
Traffic dominated streets
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Lack of human scale
Mobility in Mexico City People Use in Average 2.5 hours in transport/Day
Average speed by car 12,5 km/hour
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
AustraliaDenmark
FranceGreece
ItalyJapan
MexicoNew Zealand
NorwaySweden
United KingdomUnited States
%
Obesity among adults, BMI > 30
Obesity
”Brazil’s obesity rates could reach that of US’s by 2020 - 33.8%”
Otaliba Libanio Neto, (2010) Director of Brazil's Department of Health Analysis
Mental Health
” City life takes its toll on São Paulo's residents 30% report a mental disorder ; WHO” “Residents live daily with the frustration of severe traffic congestion and its related noise and pollution, as well as high levels of urban violence“ The Lancet, Volume 379, Issue 9831, Page 2039, 2 June 2012
Safety
” Homicides and traffic accidents cause over 60 percent of deaths in Brazil “
The Lancet, Volume 377, Issue 9782, Pages 2042 - 2053, 11 June 2011
In contrast Copenhagen – the most livable city
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
from NECESSARY to OPTIONAL
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
OPTIONAL reverse to NECESSARY
“Measure what you care about”
All cities measure Traffic growth ; economic growth ; population growth
ect.
But are we simply optimizing the wrong things?
We should measure people activities & mobility happiness & quality of life
Walking is good for your health
• “Active people live longer”
• 2 x 30 minutes of exercise every day
• = 7 more years to live!
Study published in 2005 South Danish University, DK
Cycling is good for your health
• A large Danish study shows people who take their bicycle to work have a 28% lower mortality rate than the average population (after adjustment for, among other issues, differences in terms of job, smoking, leisure-time activities, and body mass index).
“Cycling, exercise and Health” Published in Danish by The Ecological Council, The Heart Association, School and Society and The Danish Bicycle Federation 2007
L.B.Andersen et al: All-cause Mortality Associated with Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work, Arch. Intern. Med., Vol. 160, June 12, 2000, p.1621
Health through design
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Cycle tracks are very effective in urban traffic 5 times more people can move per hour on a bicycle track compared with a
traffic lane
(Estimation by the traffic planners Municipality of Copenhagen)
But more importantly: A city full of pedestrians & bicyclists is a
City for People
Walking & biking is for everyone ; it is about equity
Urban cycling ; not Tour de France
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Gehl Architects · Urban Quality Consultants · Gl. Kongevej 1, 4.tv · 1610 Copenhagen V · Denmark · www.gehlarchitects.dk
Copenhagen Modal split
35% use a bicycle 26% drive a car 32% use public transit 7% walk
70% continue to bike in the Winter
Why do people cycle?
Copenhagen saves 90.000 t CO2 per year
9%
environment
Because it is easy and quick
88%
Earn: 1,22 dkk Per cycled kilometer
Loose: 0,67 dkk Per kilometer in car
Return on cycle infrastructure projects = 12,6% The Danish state requires a minimum return on 5%
Cycling makes sense in terms of economy
More cities are introducing the Cph Model Sustainability helps focusing on pedestrians and bicyclists
9th Ave. July 07
9th Ave. Sept.07
Broadway Boulevard Oct.2008
Times Square - before
Test the design of the urban habitat
To impact behavior and the urban culture
Midtown Evaluation Report 17% improvements in travel time 11% increase in pedestrian numbers 63% decrease in injuries 84% increase in stationary activities 74% Times Square has improved dramatically
“Tap into the urban health resource”
from HOSPITALS to HOSPITALITY The city is a place to learn – The environment is our “3 teacher”
Our Public Spaces = The urban health resource
Culture Public spaces opens and enable people to
use their urban cultural and social resources & behaviors
Attractiveness The city network Is accessible and
inviting to many people enabling them to take part in urban life
Innovation The public spaces are flexible and make space for exchange of ideas
and the meeting of people
The Healthy
City
People at the centre of planning
”Healthy public spaces are not a question related to size of city.” ”It is about prioritizing people, public life and livability ”
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