Reinassance: Architecture

THE RENAISSANCE: ARCHITECTURE

María Jesús Camposlearningfromhistory.wikispaces.com

HISTORICAL CONTEXT Independent Italian

States Bourgeoisie:

traders, bankers Rome as the centre

of Christianity Patronage

RENAISSANCE: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Revival of Classical Greek and

Roman Culture Anthropocentrism: Humans

became the centre of philosophical and artistic reflection

Rationalism and critical thinking: explain the world through science and rational thinking (end of theocentrism)

Importance of knowledge: intellectual curiosity, new techniques

Desire to create order, proportion and harmony.

Use of math and rationality: scale and proportion

CHRONOLOGY Trecento (14th century): evolution and remains

from Gothic style Quattrocento (15th century): harmony and

proportion Cinquecento (16th century): Mannerism (from 1530 till the Baroque):

dramatic effects, harmony and proportion are abandoned…

ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE

Harmony, simplicity. Ideal scale and proportion:

symmetrical buildings with evenly distributed parts. Harmony between horizontal and vertical elements.

Open, diaphanous spaces Peace and pleasure.

Optimism Materials:

Stone Marble Brick

Supporting elements: Columns Pillars

Sustained elements: Beams Lintels Architrave Domes Semi-circular arches (romanesque) Coffered ceilings

Decorations: Triangular pediments Friezes Geometric degsigns Scrolls

Plans: open spaces Longitudinal and central-plan

(cirulcar, square, Greek cross)

SUSTAINING ELEMENTS: COLUMNS Parts of the column:

Stereobate Stylobate Shaft Capital Entablature:

Architrave Frieze

Pediment Cornice

Used Greek and Roman Orders: Doric Ionic Corinthian Tuscan and Composite

Doric Order• Simple. • No base. • Plain capital• The shaft is wider at the

bottom that at the top. • The shaft has got 20 sides. • The capital is smooth.• The capital is composed of 2

pieces: • Equine• Abacus

• The architrave is smooth• The frieze is organized in

trighlyps and metopes.• Metopes have reliefs

Greek Art Examples

Ionian Order• Base• Capital made with two

scrolls• The shaft is wider at

the bottom that at the top.

• The architrave is divided into three stripes or bands

Greek Art Examples

Corinthian Order• Base• Capital made with acanthus

leaves and some small scrolls

• Entablature enriched by molds and decorative elements.

Greek Art Examples

Greek Art Examples

Architrave

Lintel

Arch

SUSTAINED ELEMENTS Beams Lintels Architrave Domes Semi-circular arches (romanesque) Coffered ceilings

Beams

Coffered ceilings

Domes

Vaults Barrel Vault: semicircular vault unbroken

by ribs Groin vault: vault formed by intersection

of two vaults

San Andrés de Mantua. Alberti San Andrés de Mantua. Alberti

Basílica de Sta María de los Ángeles y de los Mártires. Roma. Miguel Ángel

Basílica de San Lorenzo. Florencia. Brunelleschi

PLANS A square,

symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually based on a module which is often the width of the aisle

Basilica of Saint Andrea, Mantua. By

Alberti

DECORATIONS

Rusticated ashlar masonry

Highly finnished ashlar masonry

TYPES OF BUILDINGS Religious buildings: Churches Civil Architecture:

Urban Palaces Town Halls Squares Hospitals Theatres…

Harmony, simplicity.Ideal scale and proportion:

Brunelleschi: Capilla PazziAlberti: Santa María Novella

(Firenze, 15th century)

Brunelleschi: Palazzo Pitti

Brunelleschi: Capilla Pazzi

Alberti: Santa María Novella (Firenze, 15th century)

Brunelleschi: Palazzo Pitti

Open, diaphanous spaces

Brunelleschi: Capilla PazziAlberti: Santa María Novella

(Firenze, 15th century)

Brunelleschi: Palazzo Pitti

BRUNELLESCHI: CÚPULA DE SANTA Mª DEI FIORE

BRUNELLESCHI: SAN LORENZO

ALBERTI: PALACIO RUCELLAI

ALBERTI: TEMPLO MALATESTIANO

BRUNELLESCHI: HOSPITAL DE LOS INOCENTES

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