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بررسی مقایسه ای محیط سیاسی، اقتصادی، قانونی و اجتماعی

mr.seifollahi@ut.ac.irارایه دهنده: محمدرضا سیف اللهی

معرفی فاکتورهای بررسی

.1Trade Freedom

.2Monetary Freedom

.3Property Rights.4.4InnovationInnovation.5.5TechnologyTechnology.6.6Red TapeRed Tape.7.7Investor ProtectionInvestor Protection.8.8CorruptionCorruption.9.9Personal FreedomPersonal Freedom

.10.10Market PerformanceMarket Performance

.11.11GDP GrowthGDP Growth

.12.12GDP/CapitaGDP/Capita

.13.13Trade BalanceTrade Balance

.14.14PopulationPopulation

.15.15Public Debt As % of GDPPublic Debt As % of GDP

.16.16Tax BurdenTax Burden

Trade Freedom

Free trade is a policy by which a government does not discriminate against imports or interfere with exports by applying tariffs (to imports) or subsidies (to exports) or quotas. According to the law of comparative advantage, the policy permits trading partners mutual gains from trade of goods and services.

Global Enabling Trade ReportBy World Economic ForumGlobal Enabling Trade ReportBy World Economic Forum

Resources:World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey International Trade Centre World Bank the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) IATA, ITUGlobal Express Associationsub-indexes:Market accessBorder administrationTransport and communications infrastructureBusiness environment

The Enabling Trade Index 2012

http://www.weforum.org/reports

Monetary Freedom

The Index of Economic Freedom is a series of 10 economic measurements created by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal. Its stated objective is to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations.

Index of Economic Freedom2012 rankings

http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking?src=home

Property Rights

Property rights are a controversial, theoretical construct in economics for determining how a resource is used, and who owns that resource - government, collective bodies, or by individuals.

Bundle Of Rights

Property Rights

http://www.internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/ranking

InnovationInnovation

INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, a specialized agency of the United Nations) co-publish The Global Innovation Index (GII) since 2012

Global Innovation Index rankings

http://www.globalinnovationindex.org/gii/main/fullreport/files/Global%20Innovation%20Index%202012.pdf

Technology

http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/eco_tec_ach-economy-technological-achievement&b_printable=1

Red Tape

Answers.com:

The collection or sequence of forms and procedures required to gain bureaucratic approval for something, especially when oppressively complex and time-consuming.

http://www.answers.com/topic/red-tape#ixzz1CwZvWSJz

PaperworkBureaucracy

World Bank:Start-up procedures to register a business (number)Country Name 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Canada 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

New Zealand 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Australia 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Georgia 9.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00

Kyrgyz Republic 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Macedonia, FYR 13.00 13.00 13.00 10.00 9.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00

Madagascar 15.00 13.00 11.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00

Rwanda 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Slovenia 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Armenia 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 3.00

Belgium 7.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Burkina Faso 12.00 12.00 12.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00

Finland 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Hong Kong SAR, China 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Malaysia 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 3.00 3.00

Senegal 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00

Singapore 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Sweden 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

Afghanistan   28.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Iran, Islamic Rep. 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 7.00

http://www.worldbank.org/

World Bank:Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita)

http://www.worldbank.org/

Country Name 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Slovenia 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Denmark 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20

Ireland 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30

South Africa 6.00 5.90 6.00 0.30 0.30

Canada 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40

New Zealand 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40

Sweden 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50

Kazakhstan 5.20 4.80 1.00 0.80 0.60

Singapore 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.60

Australia 0.80 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.70

Bahrain 0.60 0.50 0.80 0.70 0.70

Trinidad and Tobago 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.70

United Kingdom 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

France 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90

Puerto Rico 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.60 0.90

Finland 1.00 0.90 1.10 1.00 1.00

Bulgaria 2.00 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.10

Kuwait 1.30 1.00 1.30 1.20 1.10

Lithuania 2.70 2.40 2.80 2.80 1.10

Iran, Islamic Rep. 4.60 3.90 4.00 3.80 3.30

World Bank:Time required to start a business (days)

http://www.worldbank.org/

Country Name 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012New Zealand 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Australia 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00Georgia 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00Macedonia, FYR 9.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00Hong Kong SAR, China 11.00 6.00 6.00 3.00 3.00Rwanda 14.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00Singapore 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00Albania 8.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.00Belgium 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00Belarus 31.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00Canada 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00Hungary 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 5.00Iceland 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00Netherlands 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.00Portugal 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.00Senegal 8.00 8.00 8.00 5.00 5.00Denmark 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00Italy 10.00 10.00 6.00 6.00 6.00Liberia 31.00 20.00 20.00 6.00 6.00

Iran, Islamic Rep. 28.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 13.00

Investor ProtectionInvestor Protection

The term “investor protection” defines the entity of efforts and activities to observe, safeguard and enforce the rights and claims of a person in his role as an investor.

Corruption

http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results

Since 1995, Transparency International (TI) publishes the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) annually ranking countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys. The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit."

Corruption

http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results

Corruption

http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results

Personal Freedom (Civil liberties)Personal Freedom (Civil liberties)

Civil liberties are civil rights and freedoms that provide an individual specific rights.

"Civil liberties" typically include basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed by law -- either explicitly identified in laws and constitutions, or interpreted through the years by courts and lawmakers

http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-liberties.html

http://www.worldaudit.org/civillibs.htm

Personal Freedom (Civil liberties)Personal Freedom (Civil liberties)

http://www.worldaudit.org/civillibs.htm

Marketing PerformanceMarketing Performance

Marketing is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers.

GDP GrowthGDP Growth

The figures are estimates from the CIA World Factbook.

GDPGDP

http://databank.worldbank.org/databank/download/GDP.pdf

GDP GrowthGDP GrowthWorld Bank DataWorld Bank Data

http://www.worldaudit.org/civillibs.htmhttp://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG/countries/1W?display=map

GDP GrowthGDP GrowthWorld Bank DataWorld Bank Data

Country Name 2008 2009 2010 2011Macao SAR, China 3.33 1.72 27.04 20.74Qatar 17.70 12.00 16.60 18.80Mongolia 8.90 -1.27 6.37 17.26Ghana 8.43 3.99 8.01 14.39Panama 10.12 3.20 8.30 10.60Timor-Leste 14.63 12.77 9.47 10.60Iraq 9.50 4.20 0.84 9.90Turkmenistan 14.70 6.10 9.20 9.90Zimbabwe -17.67 5.98 9.01 9.30China 9.60 9.20 10.40 9.30Solomon Islands 7.30 -1.20 7.00 9.00Papua New Guinea 6.70 5.50 8.00 9.00Argentina 6.76 0.85 9.16 8.87Eritrea -9.79 3.88 2.20 8.72Rwanda 11.20 4.10 7.20 8.60Turkey 0.66 -4.83 9.16 8.49Liberia 10.53 13.06 10.29 8.48Bhutan 4.67 6.73 7.44 8.41Uzbekistan 9.00 8.10 8.50 8.30

Iran, Islamic Rep. 2.30 1.80    

http://search.worldbank.org/quickview?name=%3Cem%3EGDP%3C%2Fem%3E+%3Cem%3Egrowth%3C%2Fem%3E+%28annual+%25%29&id=NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG&type=Indicators&cube_no=2&qterm=gdp+growth

GDP per capita growth (annual %)GDP per capita growth (annual %)World Bank DataWorld Bank Data

Country Name 2008 2009 2010 2011Macao SAR, China 0.79 -0.71 24.12 18.12Mongolia 7.15 -2.88 4.65 15.41Ghana 5.86 1.55 5.49 11.76Qatar -0.67 -2.14 5.92 11.73Panama 8.31 1.54 6.61 8.92China 9.04 8.65 9.87 8.79Lithuania 3.46 -14.27 2.95 8.64Turkmenistan 13.31 4.79 7.85 8.54Argentina 5.83 -0.03 8.22 7.93Zimbabwe -17.47 5.79 8.16 7.73Estonia -3.60 -14.23 2.27 7.65Timor-Leste 11.24 9.50 6.36 7.46Turkey -0.66 -6.05 7.80 7.18Sri Lanka 5.02 2.36 6.95 7.13Iraq 6.29 1.14 -2.12 6.80Bhutan 2.76 4.89 5.63 6.60Papua New Guinea 4.21 3.07 5.56 6.58Lao PDR 6.20 5.92 6.97 6.54Moldova 7.97 -5.87 7.21 6.49

Iran, Islamic Rep. 1.09 0.62    

Trade BalanceTrade Balance

The balance of trade, or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period. It is the relationship between a nation's imports and exports.

http://www.imf.org/

http://www.imf.org/

2012 2011 2010 Country

49.081 48.549 45.453 Brunei Darussalam

45.415 57.24 48.073Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

44.072 43.98 31.927 Kuwait29.559 30.221 26.652 Qatar

26.067 26.545 14.641 Saudi Arabia21.803 1.317 19.808 Libya20.953 21.932 24.412 Singapore20.351 26.453 28.423 Azerbaijan15.223 14.48 12.427 Norway14.024 16.72 8.608 Oman

10.053 10.524 14.267 Switzerland9.903 12.554 3.578 Bahrain

9.293 9.74 3.217 United Arab Emirates9.088 10.591 9.062 Gabon8.541 9.611 9.024 Angola

8.24 8.46 7.048 Netherlands

8.106 7.066 20.007 Trinidad and Tobago7.51 11.021 11.079 Malaysia

7.333 7.084 7.674 Luxembourg

Percent Of GDPPercent Of GDP Trade BalanceTrade BalanceInternational Monetary Fund DataInternational Monetary Fund Data

http://www.geohive.com/earth/population1.aspx

PopulationPopulationBy GeohiveBy Geohive

Public Debt As % of GDPPublic Debt As % of GDP

Public debt is the most relevant data for discussions of government default and debt ceilings. Although of similar magnitude for the US (2010), it is different from external debt, which instead reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector.

http://www.forbes.com/best-countries-for-business/

http://www.forbes.com/best-countries-for-business/

Trade Freedom 34

Monetary Freedom 7

Property Rights 6

Innovation 26

Technology 23

Red Tape 1

Investor Protection 1

Corruption 1

Personal Freedom 1

Tax Burden 20

Market Performance

12

http://www.forbes.com/best-countries-for-business/

http://www.forbes.com/best-countries-for-business/

http://www.forbes.com/best-countries-for-business/

http://www.forbes.com/best-countries-for-business/

ReferencesReferences

1. http://www.weforum.org/reports2. http://www.internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/ranking3. http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking?src=home4. http://www.globalinnovationindex.org/5. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_tec_ach-economy-technological-achievement6. http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results7. http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/civil-liberties.html8. http://www.worldaudit.org/civillibs.htm9. http://www.wto.org/10. http://www.imf.org/11. http://www.geohive.com/earth/population1.aspx12. http://www.forbes.com/best-countries-for-business/13. http://www.wikipedia.org/

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mr.seifollahi@ut.ac.irارایه دهنده: محمدرضا سیف اللهی