CO2 GeoNet and CGS Europe: the relevance of pilot and demo projects

Sergio Persoglia

CO2GeoNet Secretary General

CO2GeoNet and CGS Europe: the relevance of pilot and demo

projects

COP$19$/$CMP$19$–$IETA$Pavilion$–"15"November,"WARSAW! 1

CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe – towards a pan-European scientific body on CO2 Geological Storage

!   CO2GeoNet$ is$ the$ European$ scien?fic$ authority$ on$ CO2$geological$storage$$

!   Created as a FP6 Network of Excellence in 2004 !   Transformed into a non profit scientific Association under

French law in 2008 !   Founding Members: 13 research institutes over 7 countries !   Now: 24 research institutes over 16 countries

Activities: ! Joint research ! Scientific advice ! Training ! Information & communication

International recognition:

!   CGS$Europe$is$a$FP7$Coordina?on$Ac?on$(2010I2013)$!   Builds on the sound foundation of CO2GeoNet !   Involves 34 research institutes from 28 countries !   Will enable the expansion of the CO2GeoNet Association to

cover the whole of Europe

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A pan-European coverage

3

CO2GeoNet

CO2NET EAST

ENeRG

EuroGeoSurveys, etc.

COUNTRY COVERAGE OF CGS EUROPEParticipants joined from the existing networks of:

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe - an integrated community of researchers

!   Multidisciplinary expertise: !  geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geomechanics,

hydrology, microbiology, reservoir engineering, oceanography, psycho-social science, …

!   Masters every facet of CO2 storage: !  site selection and characterization, modelling and monitoring

CO2 fate and site behaviour, environmental impacts, risk assessment, and safety protocols

!   Provides integrated research results, synthesized knowledge and advices, shared by a large and independent scientific community

Our activities are oriented to consolidate and

develop a scientific community able to answer to the requests of knowledge on CO2 storage coming

from all sectors of our society

4 COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

Key reports:

!   State-of-play on CO2 storage in the 28 European countries covered by CGS Europe

!   State-of-the-art of Monitoring Methods to evaluate Storage Site Performance

!   State-of-the-art of CO2 Storage Site Selection and Characterisation Methods

!   CO2 storage related Directives and Regulatory Regimes related to Operational and Safety Risks (Dec.2013)

!   Opportunities for CO2 storage pilots in Europe (under preparation – in collaboration with ZEP)

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CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe key activities since Venice Open Forum 2012

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

External contracts for research and scientific advice:

!   FP7: RISCS project on ecosystems impacts (2010-2013) !  deployment of the CO2GeoNet Benthic Chamber Lander in a Norwegian

fjord

!   IEAGHG: Study on mitigation of undesired CO2 migration in the subsurface

!   DG Energy: CO2Stop project for mapping storage potential in Europe

!   DG Clima: Framework contract in relation to climate change !  4-year contract led by ICF Consulting Ltd (2012-2015) !  Service Requests arrive periodically from the Commission in relation to

the CCS Directive and the NER300 programme !  CO2GeoNet/CGS Europe presently involved in the contract

"Implementation of Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CCS Directive) – support to the implementation report"

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CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe key activities since Venice Open Forum 2012

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

CO2GeoNet Strategy

"

Focus on: Knowledge Management

! Knowledge Development: joint research through alignment of institutes’ research programmes and external support, knowledge-sharing workshops, staff-exchange programme

! Knowledge Repository: collect, structure, summarize knowledge for easy use

! Knowledge Dissemination: Annual Open Forum, CO2 storage awareness-raising workshops, CO2 storage Spring School, Brochures, central website with links to national websites

""

""

7 COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

CO2GeoNet Strategy

"

This implies:

! Strong interaction with all the stakeholders in Europe and elsewhere

! Active participation in the EU and international initiatives (such as ZEP, EERA, ECCSEL, EU Demo Network, ISO, GCCSI, CSLF ....)

! Direct involvement in the running (and planned) large-scale and small-scale storage projects (such as Weiburn, Sleipner, Snohvit, In Salah, K-12B, Ketzin, Hontomin, Longyearbyen - Svalbard ....)

""

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CO2GeoNet Strategy

"

! Is true that the techniques for CO2 geological storage come from the hydrocarbon sector ... BUT

! Every new knowledge we got is due to the projects of REAL CO2 storage !!!!

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"

and ! The NEXT GENERATION of techniques for a large

deployment of CCS will come from a meaningful number of new Pilot and Demo projects starting now and in the years to come

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

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CO2 storage started in 1996 ~ 1 M t CO2 / year > 13 M t stored so far

Sleipner project – assessing the limits

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

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Sleipner project – assessing the limits

Injected CO2

01

2345

6789

1011

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Date

Acc

umul

ated

mas

s (m

illio

n to

ns)

seismic surveys gravity surveys

CSEM survey seafloor mapping

- courtesy Statoil -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

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CO2 plume Area : 2,8 km2

Length : 3760 m

Incr

easi

ng a

mpl

itude

1 km

- reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved -

Sleipner project – assessing the limits

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

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top reservoir

Detection limit for Sleipner data ~ 4.000 m3 ~ 2.500 tonnes at top reservoir (0.004% of projected total)

�������������� ���

- reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved -

Sleipner project – assessing the limits

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

Monitoring at Ketzin – complex geology

Ketzin

reservoir •  sandstones of Upper Triassic Stuttgart formation •  fluvial system •  lateral and vertical heterogeneous •  620 – 650 m depth

•  located in the North German Basin •  double anticline above salt pillow

cap-rock •  Upper Triassic

shales •  >165 m

14

- Courtesy GFZ -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

June 2013

Observation well Ktzi 202

Injection/ observation well Ktzi 201

Observation well Ktzi 200

Injection facility

Observation well P300

20 m

Observation well Ktzi 203

Permanent passive seismic

array

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Monitoring at Ketzin – wells

- Courtesy GFZ -

Comprehensive monitoring concept combining permanent and periodic monitoring techniques

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Monitoring at Ketzin – the concept

- Courtesy GFZ -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

3D Baseline 2005: 41 Templates ~12 km2

3D Repeat 2009: 20 Templates (~22 kilotons injected) 3D Repeat 2012: 31 Templates (~61 kilotons injected) Survey performed from September to November 2012 1 Template: 5 lines, 240 geophones 12 lines, 180 shotpoints

3D Repeat Survey

Ketzin/Havel 1 km

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Monitoring at Ketzin – 4D seismics

- Courtesy GFZ -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

3355 3356 UTM Easting (km)

5818

5817.5

UTM

Nor

thin

g (k

m)

5818

5817.5

3355 3356 UTM Easting (km)

UTM

Nor

thin

g (k

m)

Normalized time-lapse amplitudes Baseline – 2009; 22 kt CO2 Baseline – 2012; 61 kt CO2

Areal extension ~8 hectares ~15 hectares

Monitoring at Ketzin – 4D seismics

Time-lapse amplitudes at top Stuttgart indicate lateral extent of detected CO2

Lüth et al. (2010), Ivandic et al. (2013)

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- Courtesy GFZ -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

Geoelectric measurements show resistivity increase and give tomographic information

Bergmann et al. (2012)

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Monitoring at Ketzin – geoelectric

- Courtesy GFZ -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

Project schedule

Risk assessment

Process understanding Prediction

Bielinski (2007) Kopp et al. (2008)

Frykman (2008)

Lengler et al. (2010)

Kempka et al. (2010) Kempka & Kühn (2012) Klein et al. (2012)

Modelling and simulation started before injection and accompany entire operation

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Monitoring at Ketzin – modelling & simulation

- Courtesy GFZ -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

06/2009 06/2010 06/2011 06/2012 06/2013 06/2014

Kempka & Kühn (2013) - Martens et al. (2013)

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Monitoring at Ketzin – history matching

- Courtesy GFZ -

COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!

So, there are many things still to learn from pilot and demo projects ... "

! Focus on deep saline aquifers ! Spatial development of CO2 plume (steering, control

mechanism) ! Improved resolution of geophysical mapping methods,

particularly in aquifers with sparse data ! Improved static and dynamic modelling tools ! Dissolution, residual trapping and associated time-scale

processes ! Pressure build-up (monitoring and control) ! Improved knowledge of hydraulic properties of faults ! Cheap wells for exploration and observation ! Abandonment procedures ! Low-cost and long-time monitoring tools for after-

closure periods (transfer of liability)

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