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Sergio Persoglia
CO2GeoNet Secretary General
CO2GeoNet and CGS Europe: the relevance of pilot and demo
projects
COP$19$/$CMP$19$–$IETA$Pavilion$–"15"November,"WARSAW! 1
CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe – towards a pan-European scientific body on CO2 Geological Storage
! CO2GeoNet$ is$ the$ European$ scien?fic$ authority$ on$ CO2$geological$storage$$
! Created as a FP6 Network of Excellence in 2004 ! Transformed into a non profit scientific Association under
French law in 2008 ! Founding Members: 13 research institutes over 7 countries ! Now: 24 research institutes over 16 countries
Activities: ! Joint research ! Scientific advice ! Training ! Information & communication
International recognition:
! CGS$Europe$is$a$FP7$Coordina?on$Ac?on$(2010I2013)$! Builds on the sound foundation of CO2GeoNet ! Involves 34 research institutes from 28 countries ! Will enable the expansion of the CO2GeoNet Association to
cover the whole of Europe
2 COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
A pan-European coverage
3
CO2GeoNet
CO2NET EAST
ENeRG
EuroGeoSurveys, etc.
COUNTRY COVERAGE OF CGS EUROPEParticipants joined from the existing networks of:
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe - an integrated community of researchers
! Multidisciplinary expertise: ! geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geomechanics,
hydrology, microbiology, reservoir engineering, oceanography, psycho-social science, …
! Masters every facet of CO2 storage: ! site selection and characterization, modelling and monitoring
CO2 fate and site behaviour, environmental impacts, risk assessment, and safety protocols
! Provides integrated research results, synthesized knowledge and advices, shared by a large and independent scientific community
Our activities are oriented to consolidate and
develop a scientific community able to answer to the requests of knowledge on CO2 storage coming
from all sectors of our society
4 COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
Key reports:
! State-of-play on CO2 storage in the 28 European countries covered by CGS Europe
! State-of-the-art of Monitoring Methods to evaluate Storage Site Performance
! State-of-the-art of CO2 Storage Site Selection and Characterisation Methods
! CO2 storage related Directives and Regulatory Regimes related to Operational and Safety Risks (Dec.2013)
! Opportunities for CO2 storage pilots in Europe (under preparation – in collaboration with ZEP)
5
CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe key activities since Venice Open Forum 2012
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
External contracts for research and scientific advice:
! FP7: RISCS project on ecosystems impacts (2010-2013) ! deployment of the CO2GeoNet Benthic Chamber Lander in a Norwegian
fjord
! IEAGHG: Study on mitigation of undesired CO2 migration in the subsurface
! DG Energy: CO2Stop project for mapping storage potential in Europe
! DG Clima: Framework contract in relation to climate change ! 4-year contract led by ICF Consulting Ltd (2012-2015) ! Service Requests arrive periodically from the Commission in relation to
the CCS Directive and the NER300 programme ! CO2GeoNet/CGS Europe presently involved in the contract
"Implementation of Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CCS Directive) – support to the implementation report"
6
CO2GeoNet & CGS Europe key activities since Venice Open Forum 2012
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
CO2GeoNet Strategy
"
Focus on: Knowledge Management
! Knowledge Development: joint research through alignment of institutes’ research programmes and external support, knowledge-sharing workshops, staff-exchange programme
! Knowledge Repository: collect, structure, summarize knowledge for easy use
! Knowledge Dissemination: Annual Open Forum, CO2 storage awareness-raising workshops, CO2 storage Spring School, Brochures, central website with links to national websites
""
""
7 COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
CO2GeoNet Strategy
"
This implies:
! Strong interaction with all the stakeholders in Europe and elsewhere
! Active participation in the EU and international initiatives (such as ZEP, EERA, ECCSEL, EU Demo Network, ISO, GCCSI, CSLF ....)
! Direct involvement in the running (and planned) large-scale and small-scale storage projects (such as Weiburn, Sleipner, Snohvit, In Salah, K-12B, Ketzin, Hontomin, Longyearbyen - Svalbard ....)
""
8 COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
CO2GeoNet Strategy
"
! Is true that the techniques for CO2 geological storage come from the hydrocarbon sector ... BUT
! Every new knowledge we got is due to the projects of REAL CO2 storage !!!!
9
"
and ! The NEXT GENERATION of techniques for a large
deployment of CCS will come from a meaningful number of new Pilot and Demo projects starting now and in the years to come
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
10
CO2 storage started in 1996 ~ 1 M t CO2 / year > 13 M t stored so far
Sleipner project – assessing the limits
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
11
Sleipner project – assessing the limits
Injected CO2
01
2345
6789
1011
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Date
Acc
umul
ated
mas
s (m
illio
n to
ns)
seismic surveys gravity surveys
CSEM survey seafloor mapping
- courtesy Statoil -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
12
CO2 plume Area : 2,8 km2
Length : 3760 m
Incr
easi
ng a
mpl
itude
1 km
- reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved -
Sleipner project – assessing the limits
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
13
top reservoir
Detection limit for Sleipner data ~ 4.000 m3 ~ 2.500 tonnes at top reservoir (0.004% of projected total)
�������������� ���
- reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC. All rights Reserved -
Sleipner project – assessing the limits
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
Monitoring at Ketzin – complex geology
Ketzin
reservoir • sandstones of Upper Triassic Stuttgart formation • fluvial system • lateral and vertical heterogeneous • 620 – 650 m depth
• located in the North German Basin • double anticline above salt pillow
cap-rock • Upper Triassic
shales • >165 m
14
- Courtesy GFZ -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
June 2013
Observation well Ktzi 202
Injection/ observation well Ktzi 201
Observation well Ktzi 200
Injection facility
Observation well P300
20 m
Observation well Ktzi 203
Permanent passive seismic
array
15
Monitoring at Ketzin – wells
- Courtesy GFZ -
Comprehensive monitoring concept combining permanent and periodic monitoring techniques
16
Monitoring at Ketzin – the concept
- Courtesy GFZ -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
3D Baseline 2005: 41 Templates ~12 km2
3D Repeat 2009: 20 Templates (~22 kilotons injected) 3D Repeat 2012: 31 Templates (~61 kilotons injected) Survey performed from September to November 2012 1 Template: 5 lines, 240 geophones 12 lines, 180 shotpoints
3D Repeat Survey
Ketzin/Havel 1 km
17
Monitoring at Ketzin – 4D seismics
- Courtesy GFZ -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
3355 3356 UTM Easting (km)
5818
5817.5
UTM
Nor
thin
g (k
m)
5818
5817.5
3355 3356 UTM Easting (km)
UTM
Nor
thin
g (k
m)
Normalized time-lapse amplitudes Baseline – 2009; 22 kt CO2 Baseline – 2012; 61 kt CO2
Areal extension ~8 hectares ~15 hectares
Monitoring at Ketzin – 4D seismics
Time-lapse amplitudes at top Stuttgart indicate lateral extent of detected CO2
Lüth et al. (2010), Ivandic et al. (2013)
18
- Courtesy GFZ -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
Geoelectric measurements show resistivity increase and give tomographic information
Bergmann et al. (2012)
19
Monitoring at Ketzin – geoelectric
- Courtesy GFZ -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
Project schedule
Risk assessment
Process understanding Prediction
Bielinski (2007) Kopp et al. (2008)
Frykman (2008)
Lengler et al. (2010)
Kempka et al. (2010) Kempka & Kühn (2012) Klein et al. (2012)
Modelling and simulation started before injection and accompany entire operation
20
Monitoring at Ketzin – modelling & simulation
- Courtesy GFZ -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
06/2009 06/2010 06/2011 06/2012 06/2013 06/2014
Kempka & Kühn (2013) - Martens et al. (2013)
21
Monitoring at Ketzin – history matching
- Courtesy GFZ -
COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!
So, there are many things still to learn from pilot and demo projects ... "
! Focus on deep saline aquifers ! Spatial development of CO2 plume (steering, control
mechanism) ! Improved resolution of geophysical mapping methods,
particularly in aquifers with sparse data ! Improved static and dynamic modelling tools ! Dissolution, residual trapping and associated time-scale
processes ! Pressure build-up (monitoring and control) ! Improved knowledge of hydraulic properties of faults ! Cheap wells for exploration and observation ! Abandonment procedures ! Low-cost and long-time monitoring tools for after-
closure periods (transfer of liability)
22 COP"19"/"CMP"19"–"IETA"Pavilion"–"15"November,"WARSAW!