Upload
insyirah87
View
824
Download
10
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Kz 2010
PETA KONSEP
Kz 2010
KERUSIPOKOKBASAWANBUKULELAKIHUJAN
BERFIKIRKEBULURANKENDURIPERKAHWINANMESYUARATBERTENGKARMENANGISHUTANG
ADAITUAKANDARIMAKAMUNGKINSEBABMANA
BOM MELETUPJET PEJUANGKESAN RUMAH HIJAUPENCEMARAN ALAMKETAGIHAN DADAH
TENAGA NUKLEARTENAGA KINETIKFOTOSINTESISTENAGA KEUPAYAANTAKAT LEBURHAIWAN MAMALIAIKAN AIR TAWAR
YANG MANA KONSEP?
Kz 2010
Apa yang anda fikirkan tentang simbol ini?
BAHAN MUDAH TERBAKAR BAHAN TOKSIK
Kz 2010
Proton Atom a sub particle of
Kz 2010
kereta
Sungai
Kz 2010
Kereta Sungai Ditepi
Keduanya adalah konsep tetapi adakah kedua-dua konsep ini memberikan apa-apa makna jika tidak dihubungkan dengan betul?
Kereta terbalik dalam sungaiKereta ditepi tebing sungai
The rote-meaningful learning continuum is distinct from the reception-discovery continuum for instruction. Figure adapted from Novak (1998, pp. 58).
Learning can vary from highly rote to highly meaningful. Creativity results from very high levels of meaningful learning
Meaningful learning requires three conditions: 1.The material to be learned must be conceptually
clear and presented with language and examples relatable to the learner's prior knowledge. Concept maps can be helpful to meet this condition, both by identifying large general concepts prior to instruction in more specific concepts, and by assisting in the sequencing of learning tasks though progressively more explicit knowledge that can be anchored into developing conceptual frameworks.
2. The learner must possess relevant prior knowledge.
3. The learner must choose to learn meaningfully.
What is Concept Mapping ?
A concept map is a diagram that shows how ideas in a particular topic are related.
In a concept map, the most general concept appears at the top of the map and more specific concepts follow under it.
It proceeds downward to the most specific concepts often ending with examples.
Concepts are connected by linking lines and labeled with words that show the relationship between the concepts they connect
Concept maps branch to differentiate among more specific concepts that are related to the same more general concept.
Cross-link show a relationship between concepts on one branch of the hierarchy with concepts on another branch.
Peta konsep yang baik mempunyai struktur hierarki dengan konsep paling umum pada kedudukan paling atas dan konsep yang lebih spesifik disusun pada hierarki lebih bawah. Pada konsep yang paling bawah, contoh spesifik atau imej spesifik kejadian atau objek yang dapat membantu menjelaskan makna konsep berkenaan
Mempunyai perkaitan dan kata penghubung yang sah. Pembina peta konsep menunjukkan aras kefahamannya dengan jenis perkataan dan bilangan perkaitan berbeza yang dihasilkan. Jika lebih perkaitan yang sah dibentuk dalam satu peta konsep lebih tinggi skor yang diberikan
Sambung – silang : kata penghubung sambung-silang yang panjang antara konsep dalam domain yang berbeza pada satu peta konsep. Sambung silang membantu seseorang untuk memerhati bagaimana setengah-setengah domain pengetahuan yang diwakili oleh peta konsep berkaitan antara satu sama lain
3 ciri utama peta konsep
Kz 2010
Sambung silang
Konsep utama
Konsep umumKonsep umum
Konsep umum
hubunganhubunganhubungan
Konsep Konsep Konsep kurang umum
Konsep kurang umum
Konsep spesifik Konsep
spesifik
Konsep spesifik
hubunganhubungan
hubungan
Konsep Konsep
hubungan
hubungan
hubungan
hubungan
hubungan
hubungan
Contoh kejadian
Contoh kejadian
Contoh objek
Contoh objek
Rajah 1: struktur umum peta konsep
Kz 2010
Matter
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Particles
Kinetic energy
Mass
Space
Density
Molecules
Atoms
Kz 2010
MATTERanything that
have
mass
spaceand occupy
contain
discrete particles
can be
atomsmolecules
arethe smallest particles
Can exist as
solid
liquid
Gas
Not orderly arranged
Close to one another in an orderly manner
Forces of attraction between particles is strong
Small space between particles - incompressible
Particles have random motion
attractive forces of between particles is weaker compared to solid
Space between particles are wide
Attractive forces between particles is the weakest
Space between particles are wide
Particles Can move freely
Can exist as
Can exist as
Particles cannot move freely but can vibrate at fixed positions
Kinetic energy is the lowest
or has
Volume
Pure substance
A mixture
Can be
Density
Per unit
determines
Unit of g cm-3
Has
Kz 2010
MINERALS
LAND
& ITS
RESOURCES NATURAL FUELs
NATURAL GAS
PETROLEUM
COALNATURAL ELEMENTS
NATURAL COMPOUND
Silicon compounds
Calcium compounds
Calcium carbonate
Calcium oxide
Calcium hydroxide
Silica Silicate
Metals Non-metals
has has are
Decomposes when heated forms
+ water
Can be
examples are
exam
ples
are
Gold
Silver
diamond
exam
ples
are
contains
Metal, silicon oxygen
silicon oxygen
contains
Examples are Example
Magnesium silicate, sodium silicate
examples
Silicon dioxide(quartz)
examples