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Integrating Livestock into Organic Field Cropping Systems ACORN Conference Charlottetown, PEI November 23 25, 2015 Ruth Knight – Organic Consultant Inc

Integrating livestock into cropping system

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 Integrating  Livestock  into  Organic  Field  Cropping  Systems  

ACORN  Conference    Charlottetown,  PEI    

November  23-­‐  25,  2015  

Ruth  Knight  –  Organic  Consultant  Inc  

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1.    Minimize  soil  disturbance  -­‐  tillage  

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2.        Keep  soil  covered  24/7  

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3.    Living  roots  as  long  as  possible  

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Gruver,  Joel  http://www.slideshare.net/jbgruver/      

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1.  Diversity  

4.    Diversity  

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Cool  Season  Grasses    Oats   Winter  Rye   Winter  Triticale    

Warm  Season  Grasses   Millet    Sorghum  Sudan  

 

Cool  Season  Broadleaves    Radish    Turnip    Peas    Clover  

Warm  Season  Broadleaves    Sunn  Hemp    Sunflower    Buckwheat    Cow  Peas    Faba  Beans    

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5.    Integrate  livestock  

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Gabe  Brown,  Bismark  ND  Two  similar  fields:  diverse  rotation,  no  till,  cover  crops  One  field  had  livestock  grazing  2  years  out  of  past  6  Field  that  was  grazed:  

  Nitrogen  similiar    Phosphorous  difference            65  #  versus  239#      Potassium  difference                      429#  versus  595#        

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  changes  in  OM  1993  to  2014    1.7-­‐1.9%  to  5.3-­‐6.1%    value  nutrients  N,P,K,  S         1%  OM            $751       5%  over      $3700  

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  Fill  nutritional  quality  gaps  for  livestock  

  Use  a  grazing  chart  to  show  peak  growth  nutrient  wise  of  

rangeland  -­‐  cool  season  and  warm  season  

  Fill  in  gaps  with  crop  land  -­‐  grazing  corn,  turnips/vetch,  

oat/peas  BMR  Sorghum  Sudan  

  Build  grazing  plan  so  try  to  graze  the  entire  year  

  Minimize  the  gaps  that  have  to  feed  hay    

  Use  refractometer  to  check  on  nutrient  quality  -­‐  Brix  

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  easiest  way  to  start  with  integrated  livestock  fall  seeded  biennials  

  difficult  to  get  cover  crops  started  in  perennial  grasses...seed  into  cropland  

   winter  triticale,  hairy  vetch  after  cover  crop    forage  winter  wheat  winter  pea  hairy  vetch  and  radish    brix  16,  adg  2.0+  

  radish  will  winter  kill  but  radish  go  several  feet  deep.  adding  radish  to  winter  wheat  increase  yield  5-­‐7  bu,  nitrogen  scavenger  release  N  in  spring,  help  with  infiltration  

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  bring  cropland  up  or  regenerate..need  to  add  livestock  to  cropland  

  allow  biennials  to  get  mature  with  higher  carbon  state,  go  with  high  stock  density  over  700,000  #  ac,  move  multi  moves,  use  open  heifers  to  matt  down  carbon,  to  get  more  carbon  into  the  soil  

  dung  and  manure  all  spread  out    368  head  X$1.20/head/day  =  $441.60/acre  gross    Expenses,  seed  seeding,  land  cost,  labour  $84    net  income  per  acre-­‐      $357.60    plus  value  of  enhanced  soil  health  and  rest  on  pasture  

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 directly  seed  diverse  warm  season  (late  June  early  July)  

 sorghum  sudan,  millet,  sunflower,  buckwheat.  cowpea,  sunn  hemp  etc  along  with  some  cool  season  

   to  set  the  drill,  put  in  the  middle  notch,  large  seed  push  up  small  seed  

 some  spp  specific  for  livestock-­‐plaintain  for  internal  parasite  control  -­‐  no  dewormers  needed,  cattle  will  select  

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 cattle  eat  money       for  every  $1  they  consume  they  will  deposit  approx  .$85  somewhere  on  your  farm  

   will  they  deposit  in  the  correct  location     bale  graze  in  the  place  you  want  to  improve  

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  Broilers  5#  dressed  bird    sell  at  the  farm  999  birds  per  farm  limit    net  profit  /bird  12.25  

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  old  stock  trailer  and  retrofit  -­‐  photo  sensitive  eye  above  access  door  

  use  quick  coupler  to  water  line  in  pasture    pull  eye  mobile  on  opposite  side  of  water      move  egg  mobile  every  5  days    600  hens  @  5  days/ac  @350eggs/day      $583    cost  of  hen,  feed  market  and  processing    $156    net  profit  /ac          $427    selling  at  $4  per  doz...$5  next  year    sell  out  at  market  in  5  minutes  sell  only  once  per  week  

  put  hens  in  hoop  house  (portable)  in  winter  time  

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 feed  screening  from  grains  pigs  on  pasture  in  rotation  

 11  piglets  per  sow     Ranch  Profit      $141   Retail  Profit      $517     Total  Net  Profit      $658  per  hog      

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 1200#  animal  at  735  days  of  age       Ranch  Profit      $998   Retail  Profit      $645   Total  net  profit      $1633  

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 hair  sheep  -­‐  no  time  to  work  with  wool,  learning  curve  1.6  lambs  per  ewe  slaughter  

 finish  on  cover  crops     Ranch  Profit  $62   Retail  profit  $128   Total  net  Profit  $190  per  lamb   $270  per  ewe  

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  350  cow  calf  pairs,  400  to  800  stocker  cattle,  grass  finish  beef,  ewe  flock  grass  finish  lambs,  egg  layers,  and  broilers,  pasture  pork,  market  grain  through  livestock,  limited  by  slaughter  facilities.    

  harvest  different  levels  of  energy    stacking  enterprises  -­‐  cash  crops,  lamb,  beef,  education,  poultry,  bees,  grazing,  vegetables,  hunting,  pork,  cover  crops,  agri-­‐tourism  

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 directly  seed  diverse  warm  season  (late  June  early  July)  

 sorghum  sudan,  millet,  sunflower,  buckwheat,  cowpea,  sunn  hemp  along  with  some  cool  season  

   to  set  the  drill,  put  in  the  middle  notch,  large  seed  push  up  small  seed  

 some  spp  specific  for  livestock-­‐plaintain  for  internal  parasite  control  -­‐  no  dewormers  needed,  cattle  will  select  

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 could  do  early  seeding  cool  season  -­‐early  spring  

 oat/pea/brassica/clover       ADG  2.0  brix  20    -­‐  stocker  cattle   forage  pea,  forage  oats,  triticale,  hairy  vetch,  red  clover,  turnips,  sugarbeets    

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 grazing  stimulates  plants  to  release  root  exudates  feed  soil  biology  -­‐  improve  soil  health  

 high  residue  after  grazing  go  into  with  another  cover  crop  

 to  integrate  into  cropping  system  -­‐  if  grazing  sole  activity  then  use  perennials  instead  of  annuals  

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 short  season  warm  mix  -­‐  cowpea/proso  millet/  buckwheat  -­‐  ready  to  graze  40  days  

 cowpea  and  sudan  simple  short  season   tailor  mix  according  to  what  you  need   turnips  dont  bolt  -­‐  radishes  bolt-­‐dont  put  into  mix  spring  

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 2  pass  -­‐seed  hairy  vetch  the  day  before  plant  corn  

 1  pass  white  planter  with  15"  put  corn  at  30"  and  vetch  on  the  other  

 Transition  –  seed  cover  crop  after  corn  established  during  last  cultivation  

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  Browns  Ranch  mindset:  be  conservative  when  it  comes  to  deploying  capital  and  spending  resources  but  be  innovative  when  it  comes  to  learning  and  practicing  ideas  to  achieve  land  regeneration  and  insure  sustainability  

  Farm  operation  -­‐  limited  liability   Marketing  operation  LLC  -­‐  purchase  live  animals  and  produce  from  ranch,  process  and  direct  market  the  products  

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 forage  based  genetics-­‐  convert  forage  to  beef  in  your  environment,  short  thick  and  easy  fleshing,  big  middle  

 cow  size  matters  -­‐  steers  finish  weight  approx  100#  heavier  than  their  dam,  heifers  will  finish  weight  approx  100#  lighter  than  their  dam  -­‐  cows  ave  over  1500#  in  North  Dakota  grass  finish  1600#  steers  or  1400#  heifers  not  going  to  work  

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  past  year  produced  1200#  animal  at  735  days  of  age  $1022,  nursing  includes  cost  of  open  cows  

   total  finished  beef  net  profit    ranch    $2000  -­‐  $1022  =$978    retail  profit          $645    total  net  profit                                  $  1623  

 

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   hair  sheep  -­‐  1.6  lambs  per  ewe  slaughter    cost  per  ewe                                                        $115    total  cost  per  finished  lamb    $117.87    finish  on  cover  crops      gross            $427    processing  market  transport      $119    live  animal  cost          $180    Ranch  Profit        $62      Retail  Profit      $128    Total  Net  Profit      $190    $270  per  ewe  

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  feed  screening  from  grains  pigs  on  pasture  in  rotation    Sow  -­‐    11  piglets    total  cost  per  finished  pig    $133.69    gross  income        $1051    live  animal  cost        $275      Ranch  Profit      $141    Retail  Profit      $517      Total  Net  Profit                            $658  per  hog      

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  Broilers  5#  dressed  bird    sell  at  the  farm  999  birds  per  farm  limit    net  profit  /bird          $12.25  

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   old  stock  trailer  and  retrofit  -­‐  photo  sensitive  eye  above  access  door  

  use  quick  coupler  to  water  line  in  pasture    pull  eye  mobile  on  opposite  side  of  water      move  egg  mobile  every  5  days    600  hens  @  5  days/ac  @  350  eggs/day      cost  of  hen,  feed  market  and  processing      $156    net  profit  /ac            $427    selling  at  $4  per  doz...increasing  $5      sell  out  at  market  in  5  minutes  sell  only  once  per  week    

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  need  guard  dogs  to  guard  sheep    have  guard  dog  pups  -­‐  use  border  collie      $14000  income  from  pups    cost  of  parents  -­‐  earn  their  living  

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  cattle  eat  money  and  for  every  $1  they  consume  they  will  deposit  approx  .$85  somewhere  on  your  farm  

  bale  graze  in  the  place  you  want  to  improve  -­‐  deposit  in  the  correct  location  

   feed  is  added  fertility    animal  impact  needs  rest  and  recovery    

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  Key  driver  for  nutritional  status  of  plants  -­‐  mineral  density  in  animals  and  people  

  Key  driver  to  moisture  holding  capacity  -­‐often  most  limiting  factor  

  Key  driver  for  farm  profit    all  living  things  are  based  on  carbon  

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