Βιβλίο Περιλήψεων 1ου Συνεδρίου ΙΑΚΕ

7/18/2019 1

1/194

1

7/18/2019 1

2/194

.... 1$

2

7/18/2019 1

3/194

+ k^iikm oqsjmkhn tk_]pm

" @J]ZXZ @ZZ^ \[ `Z \]^ `X ,XQ]\R^`RX

R 8ZRXXRX 1\R^`X

A\[ ` Q] ^`X Q]RX \]`R

>1?79417@ >?,878; @;10?7=

E\RR Z^_

oupmr ks`r

i_k pZh

p ]kZh

jjkmti @ o^i]Zhr

< J

3

7/18/2019 1

4/194

.... 1$

4

ImAmKmEmI;@7== ,;6?>7@78; 8,7 8=7;;78; 1>7@4:;

INSTITUTE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL S CIENCES

Web/%0e %a'e7eeb(9c+) 777%a'e#.

I

7/18/2019 1

5/194

0RZR`R[ @ZRZ `Z 7X^`R`Z`Z

pn^]pmr

:] 1X smt ks^i

[imhr h kstomt ihmu

@`]RRJ_ /]JRZ_ smt jjkmti

?pjjs_r p\kzshmu i^hspmkhr @hsuzqr

h ohmkzkr

]`_ 7XX_ smt

7/18/2019 1

6/194

1\R^`ZXR 1\R`]Z\ Z @X]Z

>?=10?=@

>X`_ @\]Z_ 4QV 0=G@FV`5=OFQ /]=OOO]O

:194

Ba$"% Wa%%ili"% 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ A"gb"rg` (T=O=

Gia! A!d$ea Pm Ga$a!ci!i 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ APULIAE BARI

,\]` :] *QXT 0=GT=` 5=OFQ 0TFV

,X]_ ;R[Z_%O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ %@=QX

.]Z @]7[QF 7Y?QXQV 5 *

.R`^R ]^ 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ %@=QX

.Z_ @\]Z_1CQT=V` /OQ 5=OFQ

/R]_ >XJR`_1CQT=V` 5=OFQ %@=QX

/RJ`ZJZ @`]Z_7Y?QXQV %_9545%/. *%5

/Z]JR`Z 2 *QXT 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ 0TFV

/]`R[\ZZ_ .^RZ_ *QXTQV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

/]JZ]_ 7XX_7[QV 7Y?QXQV 5 *

0]Z_ .^_%O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

1Q]_ 6[]Z_ *QXTQV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

8RX :] 7[QF 7Y?QXQV 5 *

8ZJRXX_ :R_ *QXTQV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

8Z] .^R7[QF 7Y?QXQV ) *

8`^J[_ ,QX^RZ_7[QV 7Y?QXQV ) *

8Z]X ,R`]X *QXT 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ 0TFV

8ZZX]_ v 9RJ_ :]RZ_1CQT=V` 5=OFQ %GO^O *05%

8Z]Z`_ 4_%O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

8Z`Z_ :X_%O=T]FV 0=G@FV` *%5

8\]R` :] *QXT 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ 0TFV

9_ 8^`_ 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

9Z]_ 0RZX^_7Y?QXQV %_95%/.

:X`_ >XJR`_7Y?QXQV %_95%/.

:X`^_ /]JRZ_%O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

:] 1X7[QF 7Y?QXQV 5 *

:`]Z\ZZ .^RR *QXT 0=G@FT=` %TQCQ 5=OFQ

.... 1$

6

7/18/2019 1

7/194

:Z ,JJR *QXT 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ 0TFV

:\\_ 6_%O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ %GOÔ

:\X`R]Z_ RX%O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ %@=QX

:\]]_ >`]Z_7Y?QXQV F QX 5 / )XGXOFV 7QXÔ QX 9QXT@QX 5==V

:\Z_ @_ 4QV 0=G@FV 5=OQX 5=TÔ

:XZ v 8 4]%O=T^T= 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ %GO O *05%

;RZZ @ZX *QXT 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ /]=OOO]O

\_ ;Z_ 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

>\XXZ /]JRZ_1CQT=V` /OQ 5=OFQ

>\\`]Z @_1CQT=V` 5=OFQ 1X]=V

>\]^`Z 8^`_)XGXOFV 7QXÔ 9QXT@Q 5QQY 5==V = .TX>]O

>]RR_ /]JRZ_7[QV 7Y?QXQV 5 *` 5TQ>OQV *QOFV =

5==@]@FV 0=GQF@V %G=V *=XV 0TFV

?Z`^ 7XX7[QF 7Y?QXQV ) *

?\`_ ;R[Z_7[QV 7Y?QXQV 5 *

?ZJ ,JQ7[QV 7Y?QXQV 5 *

?Z\_ ;R[Z_ 0=G@FV )==QX 3C=V *OFV 5=OQX %GOÔ

?Z^^_ 7XX_7X?QXQV /*5

@`_ ]^`Z_ 4QV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ %GOÔ *05%

@]Z\ZZ 17[QF 7Y?QXQV 5 *

@]Z 8`]X7[QF 7Y?QXQV 5 *@] v ?JZ\ZZ 1JJ7[QF 7Y?QXQV 5 *

@Z_ @\]Z_ *QXTQV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ /]=OOO]O

@\X`R_ 7XX_ %O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

^RZ_ @`XZ_7[QV 7Y?QXQV 5 *

^R_ /R]JZ_ %O=T]FV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ 0TFV

]JZ_ 7^ *QXTQV 0=G@FV %75%/8*` 0=G@FV 7Y?QXQV *%5

`[\ZZ_ ;Z_ *QXTQV 0=G@FV` 5=OFQ )XFV 2=QO=V:^TO=

` ,^\^%O=T^T= 0=G@FT=` 5=OFQ 0TFV

7

7/18/2019 1

8/194

=]JX`R 1\R`]Z\ `Z @X]Z

>?=10?=@

pZh i_k

,;7>?=10?=@

o^i]Zhr jjkmti

/?,::,1,@

]kZh p

>16;=@ =78=;=:784@ 07,17?4@4@spmtjom\Zkkr pqsmr

:194

@phZh p

@phZhr jjkmti

^mwZkmtr zkqskskmr

imhup >qi^sq\hnir qi^mr

iZhr jjkmti

o]Zhr sjZsr

Z[[r @jspmr

whZhr mitxpnkr

spi\hZr ?^{p\mr

`zps`Zhr zZkkr

p`Zhr hnimr

isZh t\^k

.... 1$

8

7/18/2019 1

9/194

/]` `Z @X]Z

@;=;7@1@

>p]Zjoq ^pyxnp

?p\mpZhr zZkkr

sqsZh ^[pzk

mt]Zhr zZkkr

pZh

7/18/2019 1

10/194

61:,781@ 1;=41@ = @;10?7=

u 0RZ]JR[`` R 1\^

u 0RZ]JR[`` R 1]ZJ_ m>m1m `X \^

u 0R\ZR`R^R ,JJ

u 0R R :QZZZJ

ZR`R

p\Zkzq ]mhq h mhmkmj sr ^ho]^tqr

u 1\R R ZZJ

Zq h ]]qhi o]\z\h iii^o]pq qtj[mti^tsh

u 1]ZJ_ `X m>m1m JR X \^

u 7^`Z] `_ 1\^_

u 8RXZ`Z_ ^`X 1\^

u 8ZRXXRZZJ _ 1\^_

u >ZR R [_ R 1\^

.... 1$

10

7/18/2019 1

11/194

8^[]R^ >]R]R] 8]`_

m @`]Z ,]XZ`

^ ]s^p hkmomq xp^s`mtj^ sk ]ptq smt kqssmusmt

7/18/2019 1

12/194

.... 1$

12

7/18/2019 1

13/194

8^[]R^ _ >]Z]Z _ =]JX`R_ 1\R`]Z\_

R Z >]Z]Z _ 1\R^`ZXR_ 1\R`]Z\_

^ ]s^p xpZ qr hizqmp`mtj^ qsm m k^iikm oqsjmkhn tk_]pm smt

kqssmusmt

7/18/2019 1

14/194

]]qhir h jZqr sr k_^r s^xkmim\^r ^ sk hthimwmp szk ophsh{k smt qtk^

]pmt îo`mtj^ ns ^ho]^tsh h h]jfh hmknss h{r h nim nqm qxmimuk

s j^ s jî_s szk ^ho]^tsh{k ^jZszk omhsqmtk j xpqj o\ kwmpZr \ni s qu\xpmk _js omt op\jsû^s sm qtk_]pm

][]Z_ `_ =]JX`R_ 1\R`]Z\_ = >][]Z_ `_ 1\R^`ZXR_ 1\R`]Z\_

1X >m :] @\]Z_ m >X`_

7[QF 7Y?QXQV 4QV 0=G@FV

%G=V *=XV QX 5=OQX /]=OOO]O

.... 1$

14

7/18/2019 1

15/194

>?=/?,::, @;10?7=

15

7/18/2019 1

16/194

.... 1$

16

7/18/2019 1

17/194

17

7/18/2019 1

18/194

.... 1$

18

7/18/2019 1

19/194

19

7/18/2019 1

20/194

.... 1$

20

7/18/2019 1

21/194

21

7/18/2019 1

22/194

.... 1$

22

7/18/2019 1

23/194

23

7/18/2019 1

24/194

.... 1$

24

7/18/2019 1

25/194

!

25

>1?71=:1;,

0RZR`R[ @ZRZ `Z 7X^`R`Z`Z

1\R^`ZXR 1\R`]Z\ `Z @X]Z

=]JX`R 1\R`]Z\ `Z @X]Z

/]` `Z @X]Z

6`R_ 1X[``_ `Z @X]Z

8^[]R^ >]R]R] 8]`_ m @`]Z ,]XZ`

R]`R^[_ `_ >]Z]Z `_ =]JX`R_ 1\R`]Z\_R `Z >]Z]Z `_ 1\R^`ZXR_ 1\R`]Z\_

>][J] @X]Z

>?=@81894:1;=7 =:7941@

,YRZ[J^ `X \R`RX ,\[ `X \][`^ `_ 1\R`]Z\_

^`Z >m0m {|t|z{} \[ `X RXZ`Z n^`X XZ`Z 3QV %OT=>V

; `X^`^ ^`X \Z `_ ]^_ R \ZR`R >R Wailio Baro

@XL]JG^SG @ZVLSZ =RUZJMXLRG_ UGR 8ZRX[Ò`G_l 3O`WG`G LG]WZJ_ -T^ 2XM]O>LQXf0BLC

4 LU\GSKLÔ ^ÒX L\Z Ò_ \GJUZ^WRZ\ZSOÔ_ ^`Z \G]HKLRJWG ULX`]RUgX K`RUgX f]gXl

,\[ `Z ^ZVLSZ `Z MQXZ_ U]H`Z_ ^`Z ^ZVLSZ Ò_ GJZ]H_7FZV 2QX>V

4 ^R\ ]^ ^`X \^7XT]O 5=O=FV

>ZJX`_ ^` RYZ =RZXZR ]^

\^ R ZRXXR X^`^ 3QV 5==>V

>1?79417@ >?==?78; ,;,8=7;@1;

04:7=?/78=4, 8,7 18>,701@4 0RZ]XZX`_ RZ]JR \]RZX` R^_ R Q^_

`Z Q`]R[ \RXR 2=T= 0Z=>

4 RZ]J X]JX \ZR`X ^ `Z Q`]Z `Z `\R^XZ 3>@= 2QC

4 YRZ\Z^ `Z \ZZJR^` ^`X \RJJR ]J^ `Z X\RJJZ

(=TXZ=> 5==]FT` .Q 7=v

AZ #$"jec& f_ \G]HJZX`G_ LXS^Ô_ Ò_ GX`G^SG_ Ò_ KOWRZ]JRU[Ò`G_ UGR Ò_

G\Z`LVL^WG`RU[Ò`G_ Ò_ LU\GRKL`RU_ KRGKRUG^SG_u WRG LW\LR]RU \]Z^MJJRÔ

7C= 5=TQQ

7/18/2019 1

26/194

04:7=?/78=4, 8,7 1,?:=/1@ m>m1m @4; 18>,701@4

0RZ]Z\ZRX R^ Z `^`R^[_ `X ^^X

^ \ZR_ `Z`_ ^X`Z_ ]^R_ `Z]^_ 2=T= %O]O>QX 0RZ]JR R^ R >1 `Z \]RJ `_ R^_ `_

XR_ _ `]_ ^ `]ZXR[ \]RZX

)CQO= '==TQX` /]>OOV 7=O>V

R \RXR ^`X \]^ `_ \R`R_ RR^_

^`X >]Z^ZR 1\^

7=>QV 5==>V` '=QV 4TZ=O>V` 2[>V 0=Q@=OO>V

Z `^]Z \Z ZRQ X_ ]R`R[_ X^`Z^[_ \X ^`X R`Z]J

`_ `X_ ` ` `` ][XR `_ r]^_s7YTQV 5TV4 \^ `X \RRX `X `X^`X R X^`^ `Z_

^`X XR ZRXX)FT= 7=OQY

07,>=977@:784 ,//4

4 \Z `X `X^`X JZXX ^`X \^ `X \RRX `Z_

7=TQY= %T==F

4 ZRXt `\Z\ZRX XR J^^ R \ZX`R R`Z_

\[ ` Q] ^` Q]X `X 8m0m.m:m%=TO (]T@>QX

= ][Z_ `Z RQX` R `X \R`RX Z`RZ ^ZZ^`X \]ZQ^ `_ R\ZR`R^R_ \^_%GO> 2 2=T=O>

6^R_ ]Q^R_ R \RJJR_ ^`]`JR_ JR `X X^`^

`X Z\X Q`X ^`Z XR[ ^ZZ *=OQXF ) 2=>V

:Q`R[_ [RZ_ ZJZ`X_ R X^X^Q^ ^`Z \^RZ

`_ R\ZR`R^R_ Q^_)CQO= 2C

070,8784 :16=0=9=/7,

0R^ Q`RX XXZRX ^ \[ X `_ 8RX_ 0RQ_u

R X`R R`R \][`^%C=OTQV / %O==QXQV` 2>TQV 0QXQXO>T=Vf1>@V

0YR[``_ \]ZZ]RZ [JZ R Z]QZJ]X J] YX

^`R_ Z \]`_ `YR_ `Z Z`RZ ^ZZ

/]>OOV (T@QT>V` (^T@QV 2=O]V

1]X`R_ ]J^_ ^`Z RZ R R[]^ ^X]J`R_ Z`Z]_

2=T= )T=]O>

>]JJ ^X]Z Q^_ ^ `Z X`R[ \][J] ^\ZX

2=T= *X=GQX` 7X=OF 8Z@QX

.... 1$

26

7/18/2019 1

27/194

4 J `Z `YR R _ R^`Z]_ wR \][`^ R^_

^` 6]^`R o JX^Zx%O=== 0Q=O>

0R`R `_ JJR_ \JX^ `_ R`Z]J_ `_ J^^__ RQXZ_ li!g(a f$a!ca \[ ` Q] ^`X \R`R \]Y

7Z=O= 0QT=

4 \R^` `_ ZRR_ ZRZXZ_ R R^`^ `_

_ R`R[ X`RXZ ^`Z XR[ ^ZZ *X=@@= 0TQ

0R^ `X :Q`RX ^`Z Z`R[ ^ZZ ]^ `X m>m1m

R X\`Y `_ Q`R_ ^_ (^T@QV 5T>V

= ^`[Z_ `Z Q]^`RZ J]`R^Z R `_ X\`Y_ ``[``_

^`Z XZ >][J] @\ZX ^` 6]^`R 0Z`RZu/X^ZR ^`Z XZ >][J] @\ZX ^` 6]^`R 9Z (^T@QV 7T@>V

= ][Z_ `Z \R`RZ ^`X YRY R X\`Y

`X X`RX \]ZJ]`X&OO= 7Z==O>` 7X=OV 8T>V

0RKGU`RUM_ LX[Ò`L_ \Z ÛRGJ]GLS`GR UGR UGVVRL]JLS`GR O MXXZRG Ò_ GLRZ]SG_m

:R R] JR RQ`R R ZR^`R \]Z^JJR^

7X=OV 8T>V` &OO= 7Z==O>

`RXZX`_ `ZX ]X` v R`R \][`^ JR `Z XZ Q

`_ XZZJ_ `_ / `Y_ `Z JX^Z /]>OOV 8]T>V

=R `][ZYZR QXRZ rZRs ^` ^ZR R `X 6]^`RX

`_ 0`]ZQR_ 1\^_ `_ \]R[Z {~u|zz%=TO 8CQX

8X JJ[X_ ZJZ`X_ ^` JR]R R^_

`_ ZJZ`X_ ^`Z XR[ JX^RZ 0=TO= :]>QX

4 ^Z `X X`RX R`RX \]Z^JJ^X ^`X R]JR

\]RZX`RX ^`^X `X Q`X `Z Z`RZ ^ZZ

]ZJ X[_ #$"jec& JR `Z R rdaa daas

(^T@QV ;QXT>V` (^T@QV 1T>V` (^T@QV 6>V

170784 ,//4

0R` X\`YR R`] w`R^[_x u ` \]\`^_

0=T=O ,=[=TCO=

6`Z\Z^ `Z`^ R ^XR^Q`R_ ^Z_ \RRX

R ]_ RR_ \R`R_ XJ_ 2=T= 0Q>

^ R_ \RZRXX_ _ \Z\`R ^ ^`X \^

\RRX Q^R_ ^Z_

*=OQXF 0QQ?>V` 2=T= 0QO

!

27

7/18/2019 1

28/194

>]ZJZX`_ `X R XQ`R[`` `X `X ZX Q`X

R `X \R`RX ^`Z \^RZ `Z ;Z @ZZ -=V * 0QXTQY=V

^\`` `_ 01>u R ^^ `Z_ `X R \XZ:T=@QY= 0QXQXT=

; \]Z^JJR^ ^ X ]ZXZX \][ X`R`\ZX`_ `R_ Q^R_

^Z_ \Z\\ R^

5=O=@^V 5==TQX` 7]T= 8?OQX` ;=TQY= 7=GQQYQX

4 YRZ\Z^ `]ZXRX \R`RX ]JX JR Q`_

]_ RR_ \R`R_ XJ_ 8TYZ]O 7XTQXQV

0R`_ X\`YR_ R`]_ R \^ Z]R^[_ YRZ[J^

\RJJR X`R`\R^7QZ= ;>QX` *CO 2Q@=>

18>,701@4 1;4978; v 07, .7= :,64@4

1\^ XX R ZQ^m >]`R_ ]ZJ_ ^`Z ^ZZ

`]_ R]_ :`RX_ R ^ \X` ^Z `_ 1]\_

2[>V %?=^V` *CO 5==QQYQX

4 R\ZR`R^R \]Z^JJR^ `_ R Z Q^_

(^T@QV (=QX>V

4 \RJJR Y `Z Q]Z ][XZ*=OQXF 0QQ?>V` 2=T= 0QO

/R `X \^ `Z Z^Z\Z` \]\`^ ag"$e

R Z \JZ^RZ\ZRXZ_ `[_)O= 2Q@>OQX

>]ZJ]` R Z Q^_ R X\] *Y= ;=T==>

18>,701@4 8,7 1>7:=?@4 18>,70178;

4 Q`R ZZJ R \R[]^ _ \]JZX`_ \][_

`_ \JJ`R_ YZQX^_ `X \R`RX%=TO 3>

@R^[_ \R`RX ]^`]RZ``X ^ `R_ ]_

`_ QZR_ ^^_ JR ` Q^ K=TO= 6?QX

,YRZ\Z^ `X ]X `_ RZ]Z\ZRX_ R^_

^`X \R[]^ `Z \R`RZ R `X \R`R Q]RX[``

*X=@@= 7T=Z` )O= 5==QQYQX

,\[ `X ]X R X\`Y R`RZ \]RZXZ ^`X

XZ^ZR \R[]^ `X \R`RX \]\`^ `Z ]J^`]Z

^RX \R^`X ^`Z Z 0Z`R[ @ZZ ?QXZ

3>TQV 8=@^V

.... 1$

28

7/18/2019 1

29/194

18>,701784 ,` 2=T= 5=>` 9=QF 5==QQYQX

,\Z`^ `Z \RZ]`RZ ]JZ `Z ^ZRZ ^ZZm

,\[R_ \R`RX R ^ZRX ^ZX >ZRZ`R \]Z^JJR^

2=T= 0==O>

,YRZV[JOÔ Ò_ L\SKZÔ_ `fX WGQO`gXl \L]RJ]GRU GYRZV[JOÔ v GYRZV[JOÔ WL IGQWZ_

0Q> 2=T=` 8QT>@QX %@@F` 3=@>QX 2=T=

>JZ^RZ\Z^ R ]\Z\Z^ ^` RZ^ `_ \^_

\JJ`R JX^ R `XR_ YRZ[J^_ 5QX[TOV 7Z=>V 4 G`ZGYRZV[JOÔ ^Ò ^ZVRU `HYOl 2XG KOWRZ]JRU[ L]JGVLSZ ^`G M]RG WGQO`gX

UGR KGÛHVfXm :RG WLVMÒ \L]S\`fÔ_ LX[_ WZX`MVZ G`ZGYRZV[JOÔ_

%GO> ;==>

18>,701784 1?1;,

0^Z_ R \]Z` ` `Z ^R^[ R `X Z\Z^

r]X`RX ]J^RXs ^`Z RZ \[R_ \R`RX

->OO= (]@>` '=V 5==?=QX

= ][Z_ `X \]ZZ]RX RXX ^`R_ R`R_ X[``_`Z Q`Z_ `_ R^`Z]_m :R ^J]R`R ]X JR `X ]^ `Z_

\[ \R]Z_ R ]]RZ_ ^Z_

'=F *TFO 0QOQQYQX` Ja#ier Roale Pardo` Raq"el de Si$!e Herrera

,XJR[`` R Z]_ \RZRXX_ `Y \R`RX R JZXXm

:R ]X`R \]Z^JJR^ ^ X`RR_ R \[R_ \R`RX

\]`ZQR_ \^_1=T>V *=OQXF

4 JZX \]^ R XR `_ X^X^Q^_ R \R]R ]X

`Z ^ZRZ ZR^Z ^`Z XZ[ 4]Z 2=T= 5=O=@]> 1Q^ Q`RX XXZRX ^`Z X\RJJZ ^ `XZZJRX

\]ZZ]_ R \RZRXXRX R \R]`R ]X 2=T= 5QT=>

1\[R ^`X \RZRXX ^ZZuZRZJXR_ R Z ][Z_ `Z RQX`

`_ ^ZR_ ZX_ 2=T= 5T=O

4 Q]\`R R^`^ _ RZJ]R_ \ZRZ`R_ ]X_ X`^R_

R ^^`^R_ *X=@@= ( 6FOQX

2]X ]^_ `R ` RZ]Z\ZRX R^

`X Q`RX `_ @ Z`RZ%=TO 8T>

!

29

7/18/2019 1

30/194

6` J_ \Z ^`ZX`R ` ]^ `Z RR`Z

2]X \Z \]J`Z\ZRQ ^ \X` 1]\ ^Z

(^T@QV *TTQV ;=>OV` %GO> 2O=` 7XT]O 4XC=V ;=>OV 18>,701784 >=97784

Z \X[ XZZQ`R[ \^RZ \Z ]`]R^ ` R`Z]J

`_ .tQR_u,tQR_ \^_ `X \X`` |z{zu|z{~

`J] \ZRZ`R R \Z^Z`R \Z`^ 5=OFV %G=O=QX

,\Z`\^ R ]R`R X^ `Z QZ `ZXZ_ `X \R`RX

`_ 1]\_ 2X^_ ^ ^RZ_ `Z_ `Z \R`RZ `Z_ ]JZ

%T@YTQV %T@XTQX

4 LU\GRKL`RU \ZVR`RU ^Ò WL`GXLf`L]RU[Ò`GAZ NÒWG Ò_ \ZV\ZVR`R^WRU_ KRGLS]RÔ_7YT] '=T=QX

4 `Z `Z Q^Z `Z ZZ]Z ^ZZ _ \ZR`R

r^R^_s ]J^_ R ZRZJXR_ ^` R]R `_ XR_

ZRZXZR_ ]^_%== '=>

4 RXZ`Z _ ^Z R[]^_ ^`]R_ \R`R_ \ZR`R_

2=T= 5===OF` /]>OOV 5=T=[QXQV` %=TO 8=O=T^QX

H \ZR[`` ^`X \^ R \_ ` \Z] X \]^R`X ZRZXZR R ZRXXR X\`Y

2=T= 5===OF` 2=T= 0==O>` 2=T= )T=]O>` 0C=V %C=OTQV

:R \ZRZ`R \]Z^JJR^ `_ \RZRXX_ RQX` R \R`RX

^` ^ZR ZX%@=GF 6Q@>` *CO 2O>QX

4J^ y ^XR^Q`R XZZ^X ^` RZ^ \R`RX ZXX

+Z 7==>

8_ \]`R_ ^` R`Z]J X[_ QZZJRZ t Y`^`RZ X`]Z

>XRX 1Y`^X

/]>OOV 8]T>V` 3=QV :=OQXT>V

1\R`R >ZR`R R =Z]Z @ZZ p,X`R^R_ \[R R

`R^R_ ^`X ]ZJ `Z RXZ`[Z Q^Z \[ `Z { ]R ^]q

%GO> ;==>

18>,701784 =9=/7,

@`]`JR_ `X[^_ \Z^ R `ZX`

]X ]^_ ^ X ` X`Y_ `_ , JX^Z ^`X 1

3Q= %=QQYQX

.... 1$

30

7/18/2019 1

31/194

4 \]^ `X \]QRX ^` ^XR^Q`R R ZRXXR X\`Y

`X \RRX (=TXZ=> 'QXT>

>]JJ \RZRXXRX RXX R \\ JZ_ Q`X/ `Y_ Z`RZ *TFO (>` /]>OOV 7=O>V` *CO '=>

Z \RR[ \RXR _ ]^`]R[`` ]`]R^`R ]X_

R Z ZRXXRZ\ZR`R[_ `Z ][Z_ -=V ( 2=TQY=V

4 YRZ\Z^ `Z RR`Z JR \RZRXX R \]^ `Y

^XZXm :` ^ J Q`X /X^Z7>??=V 5==CTQX

1X^^ `_ `Z`^_ `X Q`X Z`RZ ^ZZ ` ZQR

`XRX `_ ZQ]\_ ^ `_ `X_ v A$&uThe$a#+

*X=@@= 7 :QXOQX>

1,?:=/1@ m>m1m /7, 4; 18>,701@4

4QR_ \]`]ZR ^`X X`Y `X >1 ^`X \^m

2]X ^`X >]`ZQR 1\^ 9^Z%=TO %T>=

: X rRs ^`ZX 8X` :]OF '=[QXT>QX` *XGT= 5=O>

^` ZJZ`Xm :R RRXR \]Z^JJR^ `X YRZ\Z^

`X m>m1m7T@=OF ,=OC=

Z \][`\Z `ZXX X`RRXX Q^_ `Z 7X^`R`Z`Z

4`]Z[JX R 4`]ZXRX :XRX 0= 0=O>

\ZZJR^`R[ XZ_ 0= 0=O>

1\RZRXX `Y ^ZZ R ZRZJXR_m 4 ^Z `X m>m1m ^ `

%O=== 0=OCQX

1]J RZ]J_ Q^RX X`RRXX

'=QV 4TZ=O>V` 7=>QV 5==>V

4 R^ `X X \ZX ]^ m>m1m *XGX= 7==TCQX

@^`` Y`ZRX_ `]ZXR_ Q^_ ^ `X >1 ^`X

Y \Z^`^_ \^ 2=T= 8^QX` 2[=F 8QXT=CV

7@=?7, 4@ 18>,701@4@

>]R\`^R_ \ZRXX \[ ` ] `Z /X^Z ,]]XX 2^^_ R

`X \]]``X `Z ` `X \]ZZ {|u {

2O= f 5=@= %>O` 5CTQV 5T?=T>OV

1]ZJ_ `X ]X `_ X_ JJ_ ^`ZX R[ ]Zm Z \]RJ

`Z 0R^Z 6X 6^^ZX_ `X rR] `]R`s {| v {}z

/]>OOV /]ZV

!

31

7/18/2019 1

32/194

>]R]R 0Z`RX @ZX >RZ_ {~zu{~~m

= XR^`R[_ `[_ X`RQR^` `Z QX[^Z ^`R_ ^]J_ @ZX

`Z ``Z_ 8^`Zm ,XZ`_ ]R_ \J_(^T@QV 0=Q@T>V

,]Z :Z^Z @ZR_ 3_ XZ]_ ^`R_ RRZJ]R_ \J_

R YRZ\Z^ `Z_ ^` R`R \]Y

)FTV 0=T>V

=RZXZ R \^ ^`X 8]` ` `X \]ZZ `_ R`ZXZ_

`Z X^RZ ` \]` ^\`` R_ R^`Z]R ^\``_ ^^_

(^T@QV 2=>V

4 ?[ `_ \^_ `_ \X^`^_ RZZJR ]^`X 1XX `]]QR^`X \RJJXm 4 \]\`^ `_ ?[_ 7]R`

*XGT= 5==Z=O>

-`\_ Z]_ ZRXXR_ RZ^_ `X ]R^`RXX ^`X ^`] `Z]Z]`

^`X 8]` \]\`^ `_ ]R^`RXR_ ZJ]ZX`_ 9^RQZ w{u{x

&OO= 5=T>

]`]R^`R `Z XRZ \R`RZ ^^``Z_ ^`R_ ]_

`Z |{Z RXm = Z]R^`R[_ R QXZX`]R[_ `Z ]`]_

&OO= 7@=OQY

Z \X\R^`R[ \[Q]Z `Z ^Z ^`X 1 R R^ `X

^RX J^^X ` ` ]ZXR \]ZZ {~ v {7QZ= 7=

8,7;==:71@ @4; 18>,701@4

/]u/ JR } X_ \RJJR \]Z^JJR^;TY= %@=QX>

,YRZ\Z^ ]JX *eb |mz ^` ^ZR `Y '=T?>T= %>

r>RXR JR [Z_sm 2X_ `][\Z_ \RZRXX_ R ZRXXR_ R`^_

%=TO (]O]>` 2=T= 7QTY` *X@O= ` % 5==>=R XJ_ `_ ^ZR_ ZX_ ]R`]RZ `_ ^X^X_ YRZ\Z^_

RXZ`[X \]ZJ]`X R XQ]\RXZ XRZ%== )CQX

6`R Z^ \^_ ^`X 1 \]\`^ `Z :Z^Z

@ZR_ 3_ 0Z XXm 8RXZ`[ R ]\ \]ZJ]` ^`Z

:Z^Z ` ` |zzu|z{ \[ `ZX @ZJZ X `Z 2=T= % )T=>

=R 8ZRXXR_ @\Z_ ^`Z 0RQ`R[ >][J] @\ZX `Z XRZ

;\RJJZ R ZRXXRZ\Z^ `Z \RRZ

.]TQV *XGT>V` '=V 4QOQV

.... 1$

32

7/18/2019 1

33/194

4 JX `X Q`Xt`]RX JR `Z ][Z `X XX \XX`R ^ \]R^``R

^ZRZ ZR^Z 0]O=OOQV 0=T=V` ;TO= 5===OQY

4 \^ ^ \[ `R_ `X_ u ^Z `_ R^Q`R_ \R]_(^T@QV 0QX>V

>][J] >]ZJJ_ =R_ ,^R_ ^ Q`_ Z

Z \]RJ `Z ~Z 9Z 4]Z 8]`_

2=T= 5===>` 5=@^O= 2=T=@>` 7=XTQY= 1QX` (^T@QV 7QX>TV`

%GO> 5TQ[>` 7X=OV %@>V` /]>OOV ;=QX>V

Z ^R[ >]RZX `_ 8]`_ JXX `Z RXR[ \ZR`R^[

*X=@@= 5==T>` 2=T= ;=TC`

;TXQY= 'TCOQX` 7C= %TO>

4 YRZ\Z^ `X >1 ^` R^ `X X \]QRX

)FT= 5=T]OQX` ,=[=TQY= ;=T=OQX

>RZ`R ]ZJ X[_ ZX`Z ^\]`R_ Y \Z^`^_ @ZR_

\^_ ^`Z Q `_ 1R`_ 3X_ @ Z`RZ 2=T= 5QCO

8RXZ`[Z_ \RJJR \]^ ^`Z \^RZ `Z Z]`^Z

`_ \XXR_ ]_ ` `_ XZ^ZR_ _ v :]`Z

,=[=TQYM= ;=TS=OWIAQX` )FNEWT= 5=WT]OIAQX

4 \Z^ `X Z^RX Q`X _ R] JR X`R_\R`R_ \]Z^JJ^R_m >]Z`^R_ \[ `X ]ZJ Z \R`RX

\]ZJ]`X 2=T= ;=>

4 \]RZX`R \^ JR X RZ] \[ X [XR

\R`R Q^ 1X]JRu>]RZX)CQO= ;QXT=OQY

8=7;;7=9=/7, 4@ 18>,701@4@

,\[R_ \RRX \]Z^ZR_ R \]`Z^ZR_ R_ JR `Z QX`Z

%GO> 0=@=OO>` 2=T= 5QT=>

@J]R`R Q]^ R\ZR`R^R_ R ^\]R\`R_ \^_m@^R_ u ZZR[``_ u RZ]_ u ZRX_ \]Z^R_ *CO 0=O=T>

8ZRXfXRUM_ GXR^[`O`L_ ^`Z ^ZVLSZ UGR O MXXZRG `Z r\ZVR`R^WRUZ \]ZXZWSZsm

4 QLf]SG `Z \ZVR`R^WRUZ ULGVGSZ `Z PmB"($die( UGR O MXXZRG `Z habi&(%

%OGF 0=T=@@F

1\^ R Q]^%=TO 2=O^=

,X`RR_ R ^`][`\ JR ` ]`]R^`R `X \JJ`X

^` R 1XR_ /^^_ `Z Z`RZ

*CO 5 2=T>

!

33

7/18/2019 1

34/194

>=977@:=@ 8,7 18>,701@4

:ZX`]XZ_ \ZR`R^[_ Q]^`R Q] R Q]^`R \^

;TZQTQV %T?=OV,X\`Y \Z^R_ ]ZJ_ \[ Q`_ X\] ^` \^R

`_ \]RZX`R_ \^_ *X=@@= '=@O>` 0XT=F 5=[=QX

,[]` \RR \RR ]J^ ^`X 1 R `ZX [^Z%T?F (]T@QY

,X\`Y `Z\RZ \ZR`R^`RZ R`Z Q ` \]QR

r`Z G$i 4]Zs

5O )==O>QX` %T@XT^ 8=@=T>` 0=TO= ;=>

7` \ZR`R^Z ^`X \^ R Z ][Z_ `Z_ ^`X `Z\R ZRX[``

%@@F ,=[=T>QX

4 \^ _ Z]_ \ZR`R^R_ \]^_ ]R`R ]`` R

p`^`Z^ Q^ ^ \[ `X `Xq '== 1>O= 0=QYT

.ZX`_ ` ZXZ\`R _ \Z]]_ R R`R \]Z^JJR^

`_ X`RX_ R^`Z]_ ^ \[ `R_ \J_

*XGT= 0=QY` (^T@QV %O=@O]QXQV

`[`` Z ^`X \RR ZJZ`X ^] >ZRZ_ XR Z ]_

`X \RRX `Z_ ][XXk /]>OO= 0QX` *X=@@= 7X@TQX

X_ R RZ]JR[`` ^`X \^m :` \]\`^_ RXZ`[Z

R`R_ ]^_ w#$"jec&x ^`Z Z /X^RZ XX

%>OT= 0QXTQX>

4 R^ `_ Z^R_ ^RZJ]_ ^ \RR Z`RZ

` ]^ R^`RX ^X R Q`]RZ \RXRRZ

'=F 2>O

0R[]^ ^`^X R X`RX `X Q`X JR ` R`]^

`_ \ZR`R^`R_ ]ZXZR_m 4 \]\`^ `_ 8X^Z 3 * 2=>

r: JR` ] XRks 0RQ`R X`R \][`^ R^_

`Z Q`Z_ `X ,]X 1XRX ^`Z /X^RZ R ^`Z 9RZ

2=T= 5T>

1\^ ^ \[ `X X 1\R`R[ r^X]RZs R^_ R

Q^_ JR `X 7^`Z] ^R^XZ ^`X YRZ\Z^ `_ `^`Z^_

Q^_ R `X R]X`RX R ^X]J`RX `XRX \]`]^_ ]JZ X_

/]>OO= 6=QX>

5`X R Z]n ZR X]YR_ `X XRX X \]QRX

0=TO= 7=T=ZQX

.... 1$

34

7/18/2019 1

35/194

4 YRZ\Z^ ]JX X_ ` R`R \]Z^JJR^ _ Z\R_ R^`Z]_

^`Z \^RZ R`Z]J_ `X 8X`]X 0R .Z :Q^_ `X 0X

/]FZ :T=@QYV

1?/,@4?7,

1ZR^[_tQ`Z\Z^m ,\[ `Z ^`X \R`R \]^

*XX[= %@X>` :]OF 2=@TF` ,=[=TCO= 0=T=O

,XZJZX`_ RZJZ ^ `Z Q`]Z `Z `\R^XZ X R`R[

]J^`]RZ X^`Z^Z `_ \]J`R[``_ _ 3>@= 2QC

0RZ]J ]ZJX Z]`_ Q^_m

Z \]ZJ]`R^`R[ \]RZX a## i!)e!&"$

7=>QV 5==>V` '=QV 4TZ=O>V6`]R[ \RXR JR n JZX_ Q`X Z`RZ ^ZZ7YTQV 5TV

@R^[_ 1\R`RX 0]^`]RZ``X ^ `R_ ]_

`_ 8QZR_ @^_ JR ` :Q^

K=TO= 6?QX` (B^T@HQV 0QXTQXSCWTQ@MQX` 3=QV 4QOQV

4 RZ]`R[`` ^ \[ \X_ J]R_

/]>OO= 8=@=T>` *CO '@T>` :]OF 2=@TF` '=F 8QY=

,JJR J^^ R R^`R `X ^ \[ `Z ]JZ `Z Vi!ce!& Va! G"gh

R RQ`R R`R \][`^2[=F 8QXT=CV` 2=T= 8^QX

,;,?4:1;1@ ,;,8=7;@17@

4 Q]`R \]Z^JJR^ `X \]ZJ]`X \]^_ ^` ^Z

JR `X X`R`\R^ \]R^``RX ^ZRZ ZR^Z

0]O=OOQV 0=T=V` ;TO= 5===OQY

Z RX[XZ `_ \ZX`R\]Z^\^_ `X JXRX ^`X J^ `_

0`]ZQR_ 1\^_ \R]R R]X^ ^`Z XZ[ ?QXZ

%>OT= 3TQXQ@>OO p/R `Z [ ^Zq R \]^`^ X^ `RR^`RZ Q`]Z R

Z\RJJR_ \]Z^JJR^_ \[ `Z_ XZ_ JR `Z_ XZ_7YTQV 5TV

;[]_ R ][ZR ^` \Z^X R ^` R[]^ ^`^X

R ^XR^Q`X 3=QV 7X]OV

R_ \R`R_ \]`R_ Z^X `X_ R Z ][Z_ `Z_ ^`X

\RZRXX Q`X `X `X `Z \]RJ `X R^`ZY]X^X `_ p&a&eq

*X=@@= 8=QY=

0RZ]Z\ZRX R^ '=QV :]QXQV

!

35

7/18/2019 1

36/194

.... 1$

36

7/18/2019 1

37/194

>?=@81894:1;=7 =:7941@

,YRZ[J^ `X \R`RX ,\[ `X \][`^ `_ 1\R`]Z\_ n ^`Z >m0m

{|t|z{} \[ `X RXZ`Z n^`X XZ`Z

3QV %OT=>V` %O=T]FV 0=G@FV 8*5%*7 5=OQX %@=QX

mk

7/18/2019 1

38/194

rI!dig!a'"!alig$a'"!sm ; `X^`^ ^`X 1]\ `_ ]^_ R

^^ `X ^XR^Q`X ^`X \ZR`R \Rm

Wailio Baro` 0=G@FV 5=OQX A"gb"rg` (T=O=

omiioi hpq qsr x{p^r smt tpzofhmu nsmt m]\^ qsk olzq opmqnkszk

h q^ hsqspmw szk ^jîzk uoplr h szk qx^]zk `zr szk kp{ozk ts_r sr

^p\qhZ ôqwi^r hmkzk^r o{i^ ]tksmsszk ôp^Z`^ hmpqshZ sr qtiim\

h_r ^jo^p^r szk kp{ozk xmksr zr w^sp sr j^skqs^tsh_r pm_r on s hpZs

j_i omt oissmks ]s^p on sk hpq qs `{k smt tp{ kw^p{ qs k_

j^skZqs^tq opms^kmksr smk npm %*d%#*a2+*a()%#.a2+* k_mr npmr %*d%#*a2+*a( om

sî^s on sr i_l^r %*d%#*a2+* \kZhsq h *a2+*a( ^khnr h tom]i{k^

sm ^khn qsmx^m qsk \kZhsq po_jomksr q^ wimqmwhmur qsmxqjmur smt S%

)+*C.%0c$(e9 o^p ]jmhpsr ^zp{ ts s jmpw j^skZqs^tqr zr _hwpq jr ]

jmhpshr ]wzkr mom qtkôZ\^s stsnxpmk j h osq omt

opm[Zii^s ton sm hpZsmr sr ]hr h opmhi^ tjn a*#e. +mommr qtkqsZ sm op{sm

omishn qtkqj k_ ]Zqsq omt ]km\^s \ sk o]\z\h _p^tk wmpZ

s qjq szk omish{k qtkqjZszk snqm zr [zjsh{k wmpj{k \ jmpwzsh_r j^

sqxjsqsh_r ]^p\q^r nqm h zr w^sp \ smk ôkopmq]mpqjn smt pnimt sr

omishr o]^r qsm qu\xpmkm qxmi^m

@X]J^ @ZZ =RZJXR_ R 8ZRX[``_ 3`` ]ZJ_

-T^ 2X]O>QX 0C` %O=T^T= 0=G@FT= *GOQY = 0=QT=QY

5=OQX %GOÔ *05%

m xmi^m hm\_k^ h mknss omsîmuk sp ]hpsZ iiZ stsnxpmk h i

ii^lps{j^k qtqsjs s qu\xpmk hmkzkh op\jshnss khuosmtk mim_k h

om qtxkZ opm[ijs qtjo^pwmpZr szk o]{k omt qx^s`mks j^ sk omsî^qjshn

ss sr qtk^p\qr ts{k szk sp{k qtqsjZszk opmqoZ^^r omt ôh^ksp{kmksqsk k\hnss tsr sr qtk^p\qr \kzp`mtk s sî^ts xpnk j ]s^p Zk

q qsmk ]^k x{pm qtk^p\q xmi^mt hm\_k^r h mknssr omqhmo^ qsk

t\ \kzqsh qtkqjsh h hmkzkh kZostl szk o]{k h qsk opmqzoh ^h

o]^tsh h hmkzkh smtr ôstx j_q on s j^\qsmomq sr on]mqr szk sp{k

qtqsjZszk k\hnss sr qtk^p\qr j^slu ts{k szk sp{k qtqsjZszk ôs^

k^s ]s^p qs qu\xpmk ômx omt opmh^j_kmt k ksj^szoqmuk s ]ph{r tl

knj^k opm[ijs ô]{h^s j j^ssnoq on s qtkzr omjmkzj_k

]pqspnss snjzk mjZ]zk opmr j o^pqqns^pm qtk]tqj_k qtk^p\sh ]pZq

j^ [Zq sr qx_q^r ^joqsmqukr h iiimvomqsplr h j^ opZiiim qsnxm s ]j

mtp\ ]hsuzk iiiô]pqr omt opZ\mtk hmkzkhn h^wZim

.... 1$

38

7/18/2019 1

39/194

sk mji ts sm ^k]w_pmk ôh^ksp{k^s q^ `sjs ^wpjm\r s mom ]^t

hmiukmtk smk qx^]qjn opm\pjjsqjn \ sk timomq opmsZq^zk h sk kZiy

]pZq^zk opmh^j_kmt k ^kqxt^ m hmkzkhmo]\z\hnr pnimr smt qxmi^mt h m om

sî^qjsh_r iiiô]pZq^r j^slu smt xmi^mt sr hm\_k^r h sr mknssr

4 \^ `X \Z `_ \JZ^RZ\Z^_ `Z \]RJ X`]RX

`RX ]X ,\[ `Z ^ZZ `Z QXZ_ ]`Z_ ^`Z ^ZZ `_ JZ]_

7FZV 2QX>V` 4QV 0=G@FV 5=OQX 5=TÔ

^ sk opoZkz ^q\q ôx^pqmtj^ k oksqmtj^ qs ^lr ^pzsjs m^r j^s[mi_r qsm o\hnqjm hmkzkhmomishn h mhmkmjhn smom ôp_qk h

]jnpwzqk h sm ^ho]^tshn smom

^ om ^qjhZ h^j^kkmjm^sjs qjsm]mshk m opoZkz j^s[mi_r qs

^ho]^tshZ qtqsjs snqm h^ksph{k ]tsh{k xzp{k p^sk nqm h sr

o m[^shr kzqr h szk Ziizk xzp{k smt tophsmu qmqiqjmu

m^r ^k m [qh_r opm[i_y^r m ophsh_r im\h h s ]^mim\hZ qjkmks

szk opoZkz ^ho]^tsh{k j^s[mi{k

{r ^pjkûmks m j^s[mi_rj^spptjq^r qsk ^ho]^tq snxmr ^k nx

jnkm hsknq szk j^s[mi{k ts{k iiZ h ^pjk^ smtr qsm oiqm nx jr \^\m

kmsm\pwr iiZ jr ^pjkûmtqr qsmpr j^ j^m]mim\hn ^p\i^m sk qsmpht\hpsh

7/18/2019 1

40/194

op\jshnss ts xphsp`^s zr j hpq o\hmqjzk ]qsZq^zk j^ s^pZqs

]^k qjq j hpq mom oknk jhpmopn^qj k _x^ j^\ius^p^r qtk_

o^^r \ sm lhn jr quqsj iiZ h sm j_iimk sr @jmhpsr

^ w^sp ts_r sr ony^r opmqoqz k k]^lz s qzoi hpq omt qtk

sî^s qsm x{pm sr ^ho]^tqr hZsz on sk ô]pq tsmu smt jmks_imt sr hmkm

jhr ^\_tkqr

>ZJX`_ ^` RYZ

=RZXZR ]^ \^ R ZRXXR X^`^

3QV 5==>V` 0=G@FV k %O )XGXOFV 0COTQX 5QFV +TXO=V= 8T]V` 8F= 5QFV *FV 5=OFQ 0TFV

k ^ho]^tq sm sî^tsm mxtpn smt mkzkhmu pZsmtr qj^p zr _x^ ô

]pZq^ qsk ^l_il sr ^tpzofhr ^ho]^tshr omishr mhmkmjh hpq~ nq hm

kzkh ^kqzjZszq ^k ^whs j_qz sr ^ho]^tqr q^ j mkzk @^lmsszk

opmuq ^q\q ôx^p^ k khkq^ j q^pZ on `sjs omt qx^s`mks j^

s opmkw^p_ks ^pzsjs ^qsZ`mksr qsr opnqws^r ^lîl^r qsk ^tpzofh ^h

o]^tsh omish h qsmk spnom j^ smk momm ts_r k]sZqqmtk smtr npmtr qtqx_sqr

sr qt\h^hpj_kr omishr j^ sm oi_\j szk ]jnqzk omish{k ,5b(%c ,+(%c9 c+),(e8 ^

tsn sm oiqm ox^p^s hpsh oqhnoq sr j^sZ[qr on sk sps\h sr Jqq[nkr qsk EU h htpzr ^l_sq szk qt\hpmsqh{k qtkqszq{k szk omish{k

opms^pmsszk h szk qtqssh{k qsmx^zk sr s`_ksr \ sk ho]^tq h sZpsq

qsk EU jwq ]]^s j^slu Ziizk

qsmtr j^sqxjsqjmur qsk mpmim\hnss sr ^tpzofhr ^ho]^tshr omishr

j^ _jwq qsk _ksq sr qtqx_sqr omish{k oqxniqr h omish{k ^ho]^tqr

h hsZpsqr iiZ h qsmk ôhmpqjn szk sî^tszk on s jhpmmhmkmjh s`_ks

ij[Zkmksr tony j^slu Ziizk sr kiuq^r szk ?pZ[p C+.0 Pe,%* M5.,$9 Ba(( h

Wa('e*$+./0

qsr ôos{q^r sr mhmkmjhr hpqr qsk ^tpzofh qsps\h \ sk ^ho]^tq

h sk hsZpsq

qsmk spnom j^ smk momm ^\\pZw^s hmkzkh ]Zqsq qs ]jnpwzq h l_il

sr opmkw^p^qr qsps\hr ^l^sZ`^s j^slu j^sZ[q on sm E-5%09 e"c%e*c9

smt qsk opj^spmomq sr hmkzkhr ]Zqsqr qsk ^ho]^tsh omish qsm

oiqm sr EU

qsk hsZqsq szk op\jZszk /0a0e + ,(a9 qsk h qsk iiZ] kwmphZ sr

hpqj^r opj_spmtr qtqx_sqr ^ho]^tqr h hmkzkhr ^kqzjZszqr

.... 1$

40

7/18/2019 1

41/194

>1?79417@

>?==?78; ,;,8=7;@1;

#

41

7/18/2019 1

42/194

.... 1$

42

7/18/2019 1

43/194

04:7=?/78=4, 8,7 18>,701@4

0RZ]XZX`_ RZ]JR \]RZX` R^_ R Q^_

`Z Q`]R[ \RXR

2=T= 0Z=>` *=XV 5*

D qu\xpmk PYd]Y\z\dhb _x^d ^qsdZq^d sm ^k]dYw_pmk hYd sk opm[ijYsdhb sr qsk YkZ

ostl dhYkmsbszk omt Ywmpmuk sk ^o^l^p\YqY s ]dYx^pdq hYd sk oYpY\z\b sr \k{qr

D hpdsdhb hYd ]jdmtp\dhb qh_y Yoms^imuk sdr dhYknss^r Yts_r md mom^r ]pmtk Yon s jdY

zr qsp\jYsY qsk to^poipmwnpq hYd Yon sk Zii zr YoYpYssY qsmdx^Y \dY sk YkZ

ostl hYd mimhibpzq smt Ykp{omt

7/18/2019 1

44/194

_p^tk j^ qhmon s ]^pûkq sr qx_qr smt ^sphmu xk]mu zr j^n]mt ]]qh

ir j^ sk kZostl sr ]jmtp\hr qh_yr szk js{k

_p^tk hmimuq^ _k jo^pjshn qx_]m j^ sm momm ^wZpjmq^ sm ^sphn

xk] zr j_m]m ]]qhir q^ ]um jjs szk mkzkh{k omt]{k sr ?| sZlr smt @

jmshmu qxmi^mt ]]hsh op_j[q sk qtkmihr ]Zph^r zp{k h

^wpjnqsh^ qs jjs sr qsmpr h sr î_sr ^p[Ziimksmr

omsî_qjs sr _p^tkr k]^hkumtk s ^sh qtj[mi smt ^sphmu xk]mu

zr ]]hshr j^n]mt qsk hii_p\^ sr ]jmtp\hr qh_yr szk js{k sr o^p

jshr mjZ]r qt\hpshZ j^ sk mjZ] î_\xmt

4 RZ]J X]JX \ZR`X ^ `Z Q`]Z `Z `\R^XZ

3>@= 2QC` )=>= .=TFV %@]@FV` 0QO]OF =OGT]Q@QV

m _spm smt so^qj_kmt qsm ^lr s kosuxh^ on smk >pìZkm A5#5/0+

B+a( s ]^h^s smt h omsî^ j hiis^xkh j_m]m omt xpqjmom^

sm _spm zr ^p\i^m \ kqsmxqjn h ]Zim\m opmh^j_kmt k toZpl^ ii\ q^ sm

jhn smohn h o\hnqjm ôo^]m s^xkh_r smt s _xmtk [p^ ^tp^ ^wpjm\ o\hm

qjzr q^ hmkzkh_r omish_r ^po^tsh_r h ^ho]^tsh_r ]pZq^r h ^k

opmqpjmqj_k^r htpzr q^ jmommur omt xpqjmommuk sk o\hnqj \i{qq smt

^Zspmt j_m]mr smt s qs qxmi^ qtkksZs qtkzr qs oiq smt jjsmr

sr ^sphr

7/18/2019 1

45/194

hiis^xkho]\z\h j_m]m omt ]^k hpk^ ]^k ô[Zii^ iiZ hmu^ h opmqw_p^

^p^qjs \ s qtk^]smomq h s x^pw_sq h qtj[Zii^ qs ]jmtp\ ^k^p

\{k omis{k ^ sm s jomp^ m ho]^tshnr j^ txZpqsm h ]jmtp\hn spnom k l^h k ksj^szoq^ ]Zwmp opm[ijs omt jompmuk k opmhuymtk q^ j ^ho]^tsh

mjZ] omwû\mksr sm ]]hsqjn h sk spo^`h o]\z\h j_m]m h k m]\q^

s Zsmj qsk o^pwj hpsh qtk^]smomq smt F.e%.e ooi_mk sm pûj sr hps

hrkqsmxqshr km\pwr ksZqq^ sk _p^tk q^ _k tpus^pm hmkzkhn qtj[mihn

omishn mhmkmjhn h qsmphn oiqm nomt m ^p^tksr^ho]^tshnr qtk]i_\^s h

iiiô]pZ j^ smtr js_r smt ]^thmiukmksr sk oî^t^pzsh omp^ szk js{k

j_q on qt\h^hpj_k^r ]pZq^r

4 YRZ\Z^ `Z \ZZJR^` ^`X \RJJR ]J^ `Z X\RJJZ

(=TXZ=> 5==]FTj` *=XV 5*

.Q 7=v` *=XV 5*

sk ômx jr opmtqZ`^s j j^\Zi kZostl s^xkmim\h{k j_qzk h ^ho]^ts

hmu im\qjhmu omt hiuosmtk ni s \kzqshZ ksh^j^k h sr [j]^r ^ho]^tqr

snxmr sr opmuqr ^q\qr ^k k hs]^l^ o{r j^ sk ^kqzjZszq h lmomqszk k_zk s^xkmim\{k qsk opmqxmih ^ho]^tq ôst\xZk^s sm o_pqj on smk op

]mqhn spnom ]]qhir opmr s ]jmtp\ ]tkjh{k jqh{k o^p[iinkszk nomt

m tomim\qsr jomp^ k xpqjmom^ zr ôoi_mk ^ho]^tshn j_qm \ k tomqspl^

]Zwmp^r jmpw_r jZqr szk jhp{k js{k p_smksr ^zpshZ qsmx^ ^p^tk

shZ ]^]mj_k hupmtr opm[ijsqjmur iiZ h mimhipzj_k^r opmsZq^r \ sk _ksl

szk qsk pmqxmih ho]^tq ôx^pmuj^ k j[iukmtj^ sr _ksmk^r jwq[s

q^r qx^shZ j^ s xpq smt tomim\qs qsk sZl szk kozk sk opmqxmih ^ho]^tq

m i^hspmkhnr tomim\qsr jomp^ k xpqjmom^ q^ ]pqspnss^r omt wmpmuk ni

sk sZl k omsî_q^ qj^m ^p\qr kZj^q q^ mjZ]^r o]{ksZiii ^ho]^tshZ im\qjhZ jompmuk k omsî_qmtk qjkshn ^p\i^m \ sk

^honkq h timomq ]]hsh{k q^kpzk omt omqhmomuk qs jZq jr h o^

pqqns^pzk ^kkm{k ^knr \kzqshmu ksh^j_kmt h{r h qs ]^jsh opmq_\\q

^kkm{k on ]Zwmp \kzqshZ ksh^j^k r opZ]^\j op_smtj^ _k mimhipzj_km

^ho]^tshn q^kZpm omt timomh^ q^ sZl smt ko\z\^mt j^ o]Z j\{r mjZ

s qxmih xpmkZ k hshi^] \k^s qwr qtj[mi smt i^hspmkhmu tomim

\qs qs ]]hq \z\r h jZqr h jZiqs nx zr j_qm omt x^p`^s m ^ho]^t

shnr iiZ zr o]\z\hn tihn j^ sm momm iiiô]pZ m jsr h qtj[Zii^ qs

jqh opmqoZ^ smt o]mu h sk ôw smt j^ smk hnqjm szk k_zk s^xkmim\{k

45

7/18/2019 1

46/194

AZ #$"jec& f_ \G]HJZX`G_ LXS^Ô_ Ò_ GX`G^SG_ Ò_ KOWRZ]JRU[Ò`G_ UGR Ò_

G\Z`LVL^WG`RU[Ò`G_ O_ LU\GRKL`RU_ KRGKRUG^SG_u WRG LW\LR]RU \]Z^MJJRÔ

7C= 5=TQQ` 0=G@FT= 5TQZQTFV 5*u

m j mjZ] mhs{ js{k ^knr ôpxhmu qxmi^mt omwq`mtk k qtjj^s_

xmtk q^ @\zkqjn \ sk hmim\h ^shkq mtismup h oiqm tomqsplr \

qtjj^smx q^ kîikmtr @\zkqjmur ]^k topx^ qsm xmi^m nozr ôqr i\mqsZ sk

s j_q tihms^xkhr tom]mjr omt jompmuqk k ^ltop^sqmtk sr kZ\h^r szk j

s{k m _j qt\h^hpj_km m spnomr _hwpqr smt opm[ijsqjmu szk js{k h szk

opmsZq^zk smtr \ j wih opmr sm o^p[Ziimk j^shkq îû^pmr h _kr m o^pm

pqjnr m h\sr oiZ qtksmkqsr ^jytxzsr xk ôi_l^ h ^xk ]^qj^ts^ qsk

mjZ] m js_r k sp_lmtk _k ,.+&ec0 qsm momm qtjj^s^xk ^îmkshZ h xp

qjmommuqk s si_ks smtr sr ]_^r smtr sr hknss^r smtr h sr zr s{p \k{q^r smtr

opmh^j_kmt k wsZqmtk qsm ôtjsn oms_i^qj

îhnr qsnxmr szk js{k ]^k sk ô[pZ[^tq on sk ospmo

7/18/2019 1

47/194

04:7=?/78=4, 8,7 1,?:=/1@ m>m1m @4; 18>,701@4

0RZ]Z\ZRX R^ Z `^`R^[_ X ^^X

^ \ZR_ `Z`_ X`Z_ ]^R_ `Z]^_

2=T= %O]O>QX` 7[QF 7Y?QXQV )QFV *=XV

sm oiqm jr ]wmpmomj_kr ]]qhir d%!e.e*2a0ed %*/0.5c2+* m ]]hsh_r

op^j[Zq^r qx^]Z`mks _sq {qs^ k ksomhpkmks qsr ]s^p^r h jmk]h_r kZ\h^r

hZ^ js sk osq ts hp[{r _\h^s h ]tqhmi sr ^wpjm\r sr

sZ s \k{j jr opzs^umk \ smk ho]^tshn ]^k k k ]op\js^u^s ]ph{r

wZqjs ]wmp{k h smtr spnomtr j^ smtr mommtr hZ^ jsr j^ [^[nss jk^

7/18/2019 1

48/194

^wYpjnqdj j^ hYius^pmtr npmtr s ]dYwmpmomdj_k ]d]YqhYiY R^ ni^r qx^]nk sdr o^pd

os{q^dr ]dYodqs{hYk Y ]dYsbpq smt ^k]dYw_pmksmr smt jYsb hYd ]jdmtp\Y hdkbspzk

[ qtjj^smxb qs jYqdYhb ]dY]dhYqY hYd dhYkmomq Ywmu ]d]YqhYiY Z\\d`^ i\m zr

omiu smtr d]dYs^pmtr spnomtr j^ smtr mommtr hY_kYr jYYk^d \ Yoms^i^qjYsdhb ]dYx^pdq

sr sZlr ] YkYk_zq smt hijYsmr j^ _jwYq qs [dzjYsdhnssY hYd qsk hYiid_p\^dY ]^

ldmsbszk Rtjo^pYqjYsdhZ D omdhdiY szk ^k in\z ]pZq^zk wYk^sYd ozr ^k]^hktsYd zr sY

hsdhb \dY kY opmq^\\dqs^ omdhdiY szk opmqzodhmsbszk sr mjZ]Yr szk ]d]Yqhmj_kzk Id

qzr ^kYd jY YoZksq qsmk opm[ijYsdqjn hYd sm Z\xmr szk ^hoYd]^tsdh{k Yo_kYksd qs xY

msdhb ]dYwmp^sdhnssY szk tomh^dj_kzk

0RZ]JR R^ R >1 `Z \]RJ `_ R^_ `_XR_ _ `]_ ^ `]ZXR[ \]RZX

)CQO= '==TQXj` )T 5=OQX 0TFV

/]>OOV 7=O>V` %O=T]FV 0=G@FV 5=OQX 0TFV

7/18/2019 1

49/194

R \RXR `X \]^ _ \R`R_ RR^_

^`X >]Z^ZR 1\^

7=>QV 5==>V` *=XV 5TQZQTFV

'=QV 4TZ=O>Vj` 9YGXOQV 0*51-3*8 1=GQX

2[>V 0=Q@=OO>V` *QXTQV 0=G@FV 5=OQX 0TFV

s oiq sr ho]^tshr xpqr szk sm ywhn oxk] oms^i^ _k qu\xpmkm

^p\i^m sm momm jomp^ k oms^i_q^ _k k_m j_qm jZqr qsk ^ho]^tsh ophsh

^wnqmk lmom^ mpZ ^ sk xpq smt npmt ywhn oxk] kw^pnjqs^ q^ nq

oxk] _xmtk ]jmtp\^ j^ s xpq sr ywhr s^xkmim\r h sp_xmtk ^s^ q^

qtj[sh_r oiswnpj^r nozr m tomim\qsr ^s^ q^ _ltok^r qtqh^t_r j^ mnk^r wr

nozr ^k m sjoi_s^r

7/18/2019 1

50/194

smohr hmknssZr smt pZiii opmz^s omjnkzq h m o^pmpqjnr oml_

kzq smtr opmr nwîmr sr opm[mir jr o\hnqjr hmknssr omt ^kms^ ]^k ^k opZ

j hsqh^t k qu\xpmkm qxmi^m qtk^x`mksr sk kpzoqsh opZ]mq on smk @

wzsqjn h ^ksû^k ]^k op_o^ k \km^ sr p\]^r s^xkmim\h_r ^lîl^r h s omp

qjs szk ^sh{k oqsj{k qsnqm k kZ\h k opmz^s opZiii hii_p\^

sr ]Z `{qr ôhmkzkr h sr qzjshr _hwpqr zr _kr qsnxmr opZiiimr h qZ

lmr j^ sk ]]qhi szk ^sh{k ôqsj{k sr xpqr szk hio ^ tsn sm qhôshn

]]pqsh _hoil sr mjZ]r ksprmpm_j j^ ssim m sqphm omt hmjh^

sk h opj_k^ \ nqmtr ^xk sk sux k sk ophmimtqmtk j ^lp^sh hii

s^xkh h hmkzkh opmqwmpZ q^ _kk on smtr i\mtr x{pmtr nomt _xmtk hnj sk ^t

hp k qtkpm`mks qs j^\Zi qshZ h_ksp s o]Z

xmpm^sph ts opZqsq]pZq opmtqZqsh^ jZiimk ôsî_qsh^ q^ ]

jmshZ qxmi^ sr

7/18/2019 1

51/194

07,>=977@:784 ,//4

4 \Z `X `X^`X JZXX ^`X \^ `X \RRX `Z_

7=TQY= %T==F` )XGYOT= )QQY 7[QQX 7Z>=V

T+ qxmi^m h mhm\_k^ ^lhmimtmuk hnj k omsîmuk smtr [qhmur wmp^r hm

kzkhmomqr smt k_mt snjmt m momm [pqhmks q^ j ]tkjh iiiô]pq h

iii^lZpsq \mk^fh ^joimh j^ smk npm k tom]i{k^ ni^r ^h^k^r sr ^k_p\^^r j^

sr mom^r m \mk^r qtjj^s_xmtk qsk ^ho]^tsh ]]hq szk o]{k k\kzp`^s

oi_mk zr qjkshnssmr opZ\mksr \ s [îszq sr omsî^qjshnssr smt qxmi^mt

^k^p\momq tsr h ^kqxtq sr omsî^ [qh qtkqs{q momq]oms^ j^sp

ptjqshr opmqoZ^r qsm qj^pkn qxmi^m tlknj^kmr ptjnr j^skZqs^tqr opmrsk iiZ] sr ]um sî^ts^r ]^h^s^r h m j^\Zimr pjnr iim]o{k omt `mtk jnkj

h ^p\Z`mks qsk x{p Ziil^ sm qhkhn sr mjmm\_k^r \izqqhr h ^kmshr

qs îikhZ qxmi^ tsnxpmk ^ho]^tsh hmknss p^ ksj_szo j^ s k_ qxm

ih op\jshnss sr omitomisqjhr sZlr h quk]^q smt qxmi^mt j^ sk mhm\_k^

szk iim^k{k o]{k Zpxq^ k k]^hku^s q^ _k on s om qjkshZ ^ho]^tshZ

`sjs sr wmsqr szk iim]o{k js{k omsî{ksr ksh^j^km jî_sr h ô

qsjmkhr _p^tkr _qsz h o^pmpqj_kr hijhr qs x{p jr

Rsk oYpmuqY ^dqb\q ]d^p^tkZsYd sm wYdknj^km sr qtk^p\YqYr hYd ôdhmdkzkYr j^sYlu

qxmi^mt hYd mdhm\_k^dYr hY{r md Yony^dr hYd Yksdiby^dr szk ^hoYd]^tsdh{k hYd szk j^sYkY

qs{k \mk_zk qx^sdhZ j^ Y s jmpwb hYd sm ^]mr sr j^sYlu szk ôdhmdkzkYr qtk^p\YqYr [

s \mk^fhb ^joimhb sr mdhm\_k^dYr szk Yiim^k{k jYs{k \ smtr oYpZ\mks^r omt ôp^Z

`mtk sk ôdhmdkzkY szk ^hoYd]^tsdh{k hYd szk \mk_zk hYd ] s ]dYomidsdqjdhb ^smdjnssY

szk hoYd]^tsdh{k Sm ]^\jY Yomsî^sYd Yon kk_Y hoYd]^tsdhmur hYd mhs{ j^sYkZqs^r

\mk^r ?dY sk ]d^lY\z\b sr oYpmuqYr _p^tkYr opmqwmpns^pm ^p^tksdhn ^p\Yi^m ^zpb

h^ qtk_ks^tl hYd opmsdjbh^ s^xkdhb sr jd]mjj_kr qtk_ks^tlr

SY Yomsî_qjYsY sr _p^tkYr _]^dlYk nsd qtk^p\YqY YkZj^qY qsmtrqsdr ^hoYd]^tsdhmur

j^ smtr j^sYkZqs^r \mk^r oYpZ sY nomdY ^jon]dY omt opmhuosmtk kYd Yph^sZ hYib hYd Ywb

k^d hYd sdr ]um oi^tp_r qx^sdhZ dhYkmomdj_k^r >_[YdY toZpxmtk o^pd{pdY \dY [îszq Ytsbr

sr qx_qr

#

51

7/18/2019 1

52/194

Nd j^sYkZqs^r \mk^r wYk^sYd kY ^kYd id\ns^pm ôdwtiYhsdhm Yon smtr ^hoYd]^tsdhmur q^

opmmosdh_r ]dûptkqr sr qtk^p\YqYr smt qxmi^mt j^ sk mdhm\_k^dY QX` :Q@QV

H \i{qq zr hmkzkhn opmfnk omt ^hwpZ`^ h kskhiZ hZ^ ostx sr hmkzkr h

sr kp{okr ôhmkzkr ^k omiujmpw h omiuoimh h xphsp`^s on ^s^

pm\_k^ O ]wmp_r qsm in\m ]um mjis{k jomp^ k wmpmuk s wzksh s jmpwmim

\ s quksl hio h ^k ts_r omt jr [mmuk k ksiwmuj^ s ]wmp^sh

\^z\pwh smtr opm_i^tq sm ]wmp^shn hmkzkhn smtr ton[pm ^ j \izqqh hm

knss toZpx^ oimr mjis{k h oimr \izqqh{k omhi{k ]i_hszk m mom^r ]hpkmks q^ \^z\pwh_r mp`nks hsZsl ]Zi^hsm h ]{js h q^ hmkzkh_r

hZ^s hsZsl m \i{qq^r szk ]wnpzk hmkzkh{k mjZ]zk ox sr k^mir i^r

j` qt\hpmsmuk h spmwm]msmuk sk ^kh jr \i{qq

^ sk ^q\q jr ts wim]mlmuj^ k hZkmtj^ j opnsq ]]qhir sr omk

shr ]i_hsmt ^ks\j_kr qsm km tpzofhn iqm

7/18/2019 1

53/194

ho]^tshn ^hjZq j^ qsnxm sk onhsq qt\h^hpj_kzk ]^lmsszk

]wmp^shm qtjj^s_xmks^r qs ]]hq sr \izqqhr ]]qhir op_o^ k ^k

j^p{kmtk \ smtr \^khmur qsnxmtr [ \ smtr ^]hmur qsnxmtr \ \ sr j^n]mtr h

] \ s omsî_qjs

sk o^poszq sr ^hjZqr sr mkshr @i_hsmt j_q on s @> ]tkZj^

sr 2 2=T=O>` MSc` )XGYOT= QX )QQY 7[QQX -T=QX

snxmr sr ^p\qr ^k jî_s smt pnimt smt ]^ttks h szk ^ho]^tsh{k ]

jmshmu qxmi^mt hsZ sk opm{q sr ]omisqjhr ^ho]^tqr h qs oiq srqu\xpmkr hmkzkr sr o\hmqjmomqr h smt ^l^tpzofqjmu pmtqZ`^s ]i]

^]{ qjkshnss smt pnimt sr \^qr h szk ^ho]^tsh{k h kiumks m l^r

qsnxm h ophsh_r j^ sr mom^r \^q h m ho]^tshm jompmuk k opmzqmtk om

sî^qjshZ s ]omisqjh ^ho]^tq qsm qxmi^m

]hns^p h nqmk wmpZ sr omsî^qjsh_r ]omisqjh_r ophsh_r sr \^qr

opmtqZ`mks qtjo^piosh_r ]pZq^r qx^sh_r j^ sk opm{q sr ]jmtp\r jr

qtk^p\shr hmtismupr kZj^q qs j_i smt qxmi^mt iiZ h sr ^tpus^pr smohr

hmknssr sr qnsjr qtjj^smxr nizk szk js{k qs qxmih `z sr ]omisqjhr

ôjnpwzqr szk ho]^tsh{k h Ziizk j^sqxjsqsh{k ]pZq^zk q^ _k t_ihsm k

itshn opn\pjj

jm h nqmk wmpZ sr omsî^qjsh_r ]omisqjh_r ophsh_r szk ^ho]^tsh{k

j_q q^ j omitomisqjh qxmih sZl opmtqZ`mks qtjo^piosh_r ]pZq^r nozr

^wpjm\ ^kiihsh{k spnozk ]]qhir h ]]hsh{k ]pZq^zk \ sk ^kqxtq sr

tsm^hsjqr nizk szk js{k mp\Zkzq hpsh{k qt`sq^zk h ^wpjm\ s^xkh{k

w\qr qsk sZl opm{q sr qtjj^smxr szk \mk_zk q^ ]omisqjh_r qxmih_r ]pZ

q^r ^kj_pzq on smtr \mk^r \ sm omisqjhn ton[pm h sr kZ\h^r szk js{k

^kj_pzq szk \mk_zk \ s qxmihZ opm\pZjjs \ sk opnm]m szk js{k q^ tsZ

h \ sm o{r m \mk^r jompmuk k [mqmtk qsr hs mhmk ^p\q^r szk o]{k smtr

h{r h Zii^r ]pZq^r

#

53

7/18/2019 1

54/194

s qtjo^pZqjs ]^ sr ^p\qr wk^s ns m ]^ttks_r h m ^ho]^tshm

jompmuk k [mqmtk qsk omsî^qjsh ^wpjm\ jr ]omisqjhr omishr qsm

qxmi^m h ns m spnomr \ k sm ôsuxmtk wmpZ sk tm_sq h timomq qtjo^piosh{k ]omisqjh{k px{k omish{k h ]pZq^zk

_imr qtj[mi sr opmuqr ^p\qr qs ^ho]^tshZ opZ\js ^k kZ]^l

sr qjkshnssr smt pnimt ]^ttks h ^ho]^tsh{k qsk ôstx ^wpjm\ sr ]

omisqjhr ^ho]^tqr h{r h opmtqq jr omsî^qjshr qtjj^smxhr

qtjo^pioshr ]omisqjhr opmq_\\qr on ni s j_i sr qxmihr hmknssr h

q^ _k oimtpiqshn ]jmshn qxmi^m

6^R_ ]Q^R_ R \RJJR_ ^`]`JR_

JR `X X^`^ `X Z\X Q`X ^`Z XR[ ^ZZ

*=OQXF ) 2=>V` MSc` )XGXOFV QX )QQY 7[QQX -T=QX

^p\q op\jsû^s sm _j sr ^kqzjZszqr szk iim]o{k js{k qsm

qu\xpmkm îikhn qxmi^m opmtq szk omisqjhZ ]wmp^sh{k iim]o{k js{k

qsm îikhn qxmi^m ]jnpwzq^ j` j^ sr khssZl^r qs ]jm\pwh quk^q smt

jshmu oitqjmu k_^r ^ho]^tsh_r qtkh^r hkmup\ ]^]mj_k qsk Zqhq smt

^ho]^tshmu h o]\z\hmu _p\mt h k_]^l^ j^ ôshshnss sjs nozr

qmsj szk jmpwzsh{k ^thp{k smt qtknimt szk js{k ^lqwZiq ^tkmfh{k

qtkh{k jZqr h kZostlr hkspzk qnsjr h k^p\mur qtjj^smxr szk iim^k{k

js{k qsk o]\z\h ]]hq

pnh^s \ _js quk^s h omiuoimh s mom ^ksZqqmks qsm oiqm ^knr

\^khns^pmt opm[ijsqjmu omt wmpZ qsk ksj^s{oq szk `sjZszk sr ^s^pnssr

_k `sj omt oqxmi^ _ksmk oi_mk h s ]h jr hmkzk sm oiqm tsmu smt

opm[ijsqjmu ^ksZqq^s h ]h jr ^tqq \ sm qt\h^hpj_km _j hns zr

^ho]^tshm ]^k sm ksj^szo`mtj^ jnkm ^zpshZ iiZ h j_q qsr op\jsh_r

qtkh^r szk qxmih{k jr sZl^zk hj^pkZ

k imonk ]hmim\j_k \zk h sm ^k]w_pmk jr \ hZ^ s omt _x^ k

hZk^ j^ sm j_iimk ts{k szk o]{k nozr h nizk szk js{k jr iiZ h j^ s ]h

jr qtjj^smx qsk ^l_il smtr j_q on sm ^ho]^tshn h o]\z\hn jr _p\m

sk ^p\q ts ôx^pmuj^ s [[im\pwh ]^pûkq szk op\nkszk omt

ô]pmuk qs ]]hq ^kqzjZszqr szk iim]o{k js{k qs qxmi^ jr

snxmr jr ^k k kxkûqmtj^ sr s^r jr q^pZr opm[ijZszk omt qtk]_mks j^

s qxmih omp^ ts{k szk js{k j omsî^qjsh ksj^s{oq szk momzk qtxkZ

smtr m]\^ qsk o^pzpmomq h smk qxmihn omhi^qjn

? sm qhmon tsn ^qsZ`mtj^ sm ^k]w_pmk jr qsm ^qjhn ^p^tkshnôqsjmkhn

.... 1$

54

7/18/2019 1

55/194

h o]\z\hn qt\h^j^km j_q qsm momm op\jsmom^s ^ho]^tq szk iim]o{k

h oikkmqsmukszk js{k sr x{pr jr

qsZ`mtj^ qsmk îikhn x{pm h opmtqZ`mtj^ qsmx^ omt om]^hkumtk s j^s^l_il sr îikhr hmkzkr q^ omitomisqjh ^k{ kZitq jr ^qsZ`^s qsm x{pm sr

îikhr ^ho]^tqr h ^l^sZ`^ s opm[ijs ^kqzjZszqr szk iim]o{k js{k

qsm îikhn qxmi^m snqm qsm ^qjhn nqm h qsm o]\z\hn ôo^]m k]^hkumksr

stsnxpmk h sr kôZph^^r smt qtqsjsmr omt opZ sr qjksh_r [îs{q^r ^qj

hmu htpzr xphsp qs_hmks ^jon]m qsk Zpq sr jmkmihnssZr smt j^ pksh_r

qtk_o^^r snqm \ smtr \\^k^r nqm h \ smtr iim]omur js_r

:Q`R[_ [RZ_ ZJZ`X_ R X^X^Q^ `Z \^RZ

`_ R\ZR`R^R_ Q^_

)CQO= 2C` :Q@QV` )T 5=OQX %@=QX

m qxmi^m ^hsnr on x{pmr ^qjnr ^k h quqsj qx_q^zk ^ho]^tq mwî^

k op_x^ qsmtr js_r sr ^thp^r k kosuqqmtk h k hii^p\muk s qtkqj

sh smtr kmjmquk h ^]hns^p sk ^kqtkqq kZ\h ts hqss ]s^p

ôshsh qsm qu\xpmkm omitomisqjhn qxmihn o^p[Ziimk im\ms^xkh kZ\kzq k

]^hku^ h o^l^p\Z`^s qx_q^r h qtkqjs h jomp^ k tlq^ sr qtjo^pwmp_r

sr ^kqtkqqr h k hii^p\q^ s qtkqjsh kmjmquk smt o]mu O j

shnr im\ms^xkhnr njimr on sk oi^tpZ smt nsk i^smtp\^ j^ ]omisqjhn opmqk

smiqjn jomp^ k omsî_q^ _k \nkjm o^]m qtkZksqr smt ^tsmu h smt Ziimt h

k ]^tpuk^ sr ]tksnss^r ]omisqjhr ôhmkzkr szk js{k j^slu smtr

sm oiqm tsn opmuq ^p\q _x^ zr qsnxm k k]^l^ s qtj[mi smt j

shmu im\ms^xkhmu mjimt qsk hii_p\^ sr ôhmkzkhr ]^lnssr sr ^kqtkq

qr nozr to\mpûmtk m kZ\h^r sr qu\xpmkr omitomisqjhr hmkzkr h sm sj

\ ]omisqjh jZq pnh^s \ [[im\pwh _p^tk mom qtqx^s`^ h qtk

]_^ s i^smtp\ smt jshmu im\ms^xkhmu mjimt j^ sk _kkm sr ]omisqjhr jZ

qr {qs^ k ^lxmuk qtjo^pZqjs \ sr ]tksnss^r omt ^jo^p_xmtk zr opmr sk

hsûtkq sr ôhmkzkr sr ^kqtkqqr h sr ]omisqjhnssr

r qtj[mi sr ^p\qr ^zp^s kZ]^l smt pnimt h sr opmqwmpZr smt j

shmu im\ms^xkhmu mjimt j^ ]omisqjhn opmqksmiqjn qsk hii_p\^ sr [qhr

ôhmkzkhr ]^lnssr sr ^kqtkqqr

#

55

7/18/2019 1

56/194

.... 1$

56

7/18/2019 1

57/194

070,8784 :16=0=9=/7,

0R^ Q`RX XXZRX ^ \[ X _ 8RX_ 0RQ_uR X`R R`R \][`^

%C=OTQV / %O==QXQVj` 5TQX[=V :QFV 5=OQX %GOÔ

2>TQV 0QXQXO>T=Vf1>@V` 1CQT=V 5=OQX %GOÔ

sm opnk Zppm ôx^p^s qtkZksq ^mim\r h ôqsjr qsm oiqm sr ]]

hshr j^m]mim\r jjZszk sr pzsm[Zjr ho]^tqr pms^k^s omiuoi^tp

jî_s kkm{k ]^jshnss h quk]^q oqsjmkh{k o^]zk ]ôqsjmkhnss

nozr szk jjsh{k h sr ^mim\r {qs^ m js_r sr opmh op{sr ^w[^r kksij[Zkmks ôph{r s qtkZw^ szk ksh^j_kzk h s qtj[mi smtr q^ ni^r sr ^h

wZkq^r sr `zr

k @h ^k _k qukmim ^mim\h{k h^j_kzk omt o^p_xmtk smk qtpn sr

oqsr nozr tsnr ^hwpZqsh^ j_q on ]wmp^sh_r qsmph_r h ^pomqsmih_r qtk

h^r h j^ ]wmp^shZ ^hwpqshZ j_q

pnim omt ]^k ^k hpZ kp{ok wimim\hZ ]jmtp\js s [[i sr ^jo^

p_xmtk _kkm^r omt ^k ]tksnk k xpqjmommuk qsk ^ho]^tq qs ]]qhi szk

jjsh{k ? opZ]^\j mpqj_k^r [qh_r jjsh_r _kkm^r nozr ts smt qtkn

imt sr oihnssr sr ]p^snssr h

^ [Zq s ]^jsh opmq_\\q sr \k{qr h ^kiihsh_r j^n]mtr h s^xkh_r

]]qhir omitspmoh ]]qhi qx_] ^p\qr hZ opms^kmks h^j^k omt jom

pmuk k lmommuk \ s ]]qhi oi{k jjsh{k ^kkm{k qsk opzsm[Zj ^h

o]^tq {qs^ m jsr k ksj^szo`^ s \k{q zr ^k minss h qx^sh j^ s `z

smt

opnsq wmpZ s jjs szk pqh^tsh{k jsh{k h sk ^t_ihs `{k

^k{ kosuqq^ sm oiqm \ ^p^tksh jî_s q^ ]jmshZ qxmi^

57

7/18/2019 1

58/194

0YR[``_ \]ZZ]RZ [JZ R Z]QZJ]X J] YX

^`R_ Z \]`_ `YR_ `Z Z`RZ ^ZZ

/]>OOV (T@QT>Vj` 7[QV 7Y?QXQV 5*

(^T@QV 2=O]V` %O=T]FV 0=G@FV 5=OQX 0TFV

o^pqqns^p^r ho]^tsh_r ophsh_r wk^s k qsp`mks htpzr qsr ^zp^r qs

]zk qtksp{ksr _sq sk Zomy ns m jhpm js_r qsk px sr hsZhsqr szk ]^

lmsszk \pjjsqjmu xpqjmommuk zr ô sm oi^qsmk wzkmim\h_r qsps\h_r @^k

^k qw_r zqsnqm k s ] kostlhZ jmks_i qxumtk \ ni^r sr iw[sh_r \i{q

q^r ij[Zkmksr tony s ]wmp^sh wzkmim\h h jmpwmim\h ]mj sr h^jZr h

k k l^hZp^r m qsps\h_r omt xpqjmommuk s o]Z q^ hZ^ qsZ]m kiihshZ

]_smtk _k pô^psnpm qsps\h{k xpqjmom{ksr hZ^ wmpZ ^h^k sk mom s ]

^zpmuk omsî^qjshns^p

^ [Zq s opoZkz qhmonr sr opmuqr qt\xpmkhr jî_sr sk ^l_sq smt

[jmu qtj[mir qt\h^hpj_kzk ]^lmsszk smt opmwmphmu in\mt szk js{k qsk kZ

ostl sr hknssr mpm\pwj_kr \pwr i_l^zk hsZ s wmsq smtr qsk |

sZl smt ]jmshmu

@hnqm ]^ho_ks^ js_r lmim\hk zr opmr sm ^hwpqshn smtr i^lin\m [

sm opmqioshn smtr i^lin\m \ sk hknssZ smtr qsk sx^ hsmkmjq mosh{k ^p^

qjZszk ] s wzkmim\h smtr ô\kzq h ^ s jmpwmim\h smtr ô\kzq oqr m

js_r lmim\hk qsm s_imr snqm sr | sZlr zr opmr sk hknss mp

m\pwj_kr \pwr i_l^zk j^ _k hpspm omt o^piZj[k^ i_l^r m mom^r ]wmpm

ommuksk zr opmr s qtxknss h s jmpwjh smtr ]mj iiZ h y^t]mi_l^r

omsî_qjs ^ppxh{k oik]pmjh{k kiuq^zk _]^lk ns m i^lim\h_r wzkm

im\h_r h jmpwmim\h_r ]^lnss^r smt opmwmphmu in\mt szk js{k ^l\qk _k q

jkshn omqmqsn sr ]hujkqr sr ô]mqr qsk mpm\pwj_k \pwr i_l^zk h

y^t]mi_l^zk snqm qsk | sZl js_r qsr ]um op{s^r sZl^r smt ]jm

shmu wk^s k [q`mks o^pqqns^pm qsr i^lim\h_r h wzkmim\h_r smtr ]^lnss^ropmh^j_kmt k \pZymtk mpm\pwj_k qsnqm ^k lmqj^zsm ns jmpwmim\h

ô\kzq ^x^ j jhp iiZ qssqsh{r qjksh qtj[mi qsk mpm\pwj_k \pw

hnj h j^sZ smk _i^\xm szk i^lim\h{k h wzkmim\h{k ]^lmsszk Ziqs qtj[mi

sr sk j^\ius^p qsr opZ\z\^r i_l^r xjir qtxknssr h qsr opZ\z\^r y^t]m

i_l^r q^ qx_q j^ sr oi_r i_l^r k]^hkumksr _sq sk ô]pq sr jmpwjhr ]mjr

szk i_l^zk qs xpq sr jmpwmim\hr ]^lnssr

tkmihZ s ^tpjs tsZ ]^xkmtk s xpq omiioi{k ]^lmsszk smt opmwmphmu

in\mt qsk mpm\pwj_k \pw szk i_l^zk ^kqxumksr sk Zomy \ s xpq pô^p

smpmt qsps\h{k hnj h qs pxhZ qsZ] sr jZqr smt \posmu in\mt

.... 1$

58

7/18/2019 1

59/194

1]X`R_ ]J^_ ^`Z RZ R R[]^ ^X]J`R_ Z`Z]_

2=T= )T=]O>` :XV 5TQZQTV` MSc

p^tksh_r p\q^r ,.+&ec0/ ^qjm^shk sm ôs_j[pm smt qsk | Jth^mt qsm oiqm szk ii\{k omt op\jsmommuks qsm x{pm sr @^ts^pm[Zjr

ho]^tqr sk sî^ts o^ks^sr ôim\ ^ho]^tshr omishr omsîmuk hkm

smj h ^ksZqqmks qs wimqmw smt _mt xmi^mt mom ksij[Zk^s smtr j

s_r zr jhpmur ôqsjmk^r h ^p^tks_r omt qtk^p\Z`mks opmq^\\`mksr [zjshZ

s qxmih \k{q j_q on ]ôqsjmkhr wuqr ^pzsjs

sk opmuq ^p\q ^hhk{ksr on sk op]mx ns ^p^tksh hmtismup sk

mom qsmxû^ k ]jmpw{q^ m ^qjnr szk p^tksh{k p\q{k qtkpsZs q^ j^\Zim

[jn j^ sk kZostl sr qtk^p\shr hmtismupr qs [Zq jr q^pZr o]\z\h{k

h ôqsjmim\h{k px{k omt qtkmy`mks qsk opm\z\ sr opzsm[mtir smt o^p

jsqjmu sr smjhr h mj]hr ^tukr sr ^k^p\shns^pr qtjj^smxr qs jZq

`smuj^km sk sm ^Zk ]jnpwzq sr ^k ^whs j_q on sk ^wpjm\ smt ^qjmu

smusm ]ns uopl sr qtk^p\shr hmtismupr qsmxû^ h m]\^ qsk timomq

smt o{s^pmt qsnxmt omt mwî^ k _x^ hZ^ qxmih jmkZ] s j^\qsmomq sr jZ

qr h kZostlr

_p^tk sk ommsh j^ s xpq sr j]mjj_kr qtk_ks^tlr zr p\i^m qtiim\r

oipmwmp{k h wmpmuq^ sk | sZl smt mt ?^khmu Jth^mt phi^mt psr

oi_xhk ]_h js_r h ]_h ^ho]^tshm omt qtjj^s^xk qsk timomq p^tk

sh{k p\q{k s qxmihZ _s h

_q on s ]^pûkq szk ^pzsjZszkopm_hty^ ns nim ^zpmuk sr p^tksh_r p

\q^r zr j jqh ]]hq omt ]k^ s ]tksnssqsmtr js_r k ^p^tkqmtk

\ _k _j omt smtr îhu^ h \\`^ s ^k]w_pmks h sr hiq^r smtr k _smtk

qsnxmtr k mp\k{kmtk ]pqspnss^r h k sr lmim\muk h^p]`mksr nx jnkm k_

\k{q iiZ h hkmupmtr ^k^p\mur spnomtr k sk opmq^\\`mtk]mtiûmksr mj]hZ

]jmtp\{ksr sîhZ hZs ]hn smtrpZiii qtk^p\sh hmtismup qjk^ pjmkh qtkuopl kZostl qx_q^zk j^

qtjjs_r o_p on ksop_q^r h{r h ôtj \ qtk^p\q j^ qhmon sk o^

pZszq jr ^p\qr ^k{ ]jmtp\ sr wk^s k ^lpsZs on s ]Z^q js{k

h ^ho]^tsh{k on sm xphsp h sk ôtj smtr k qtj[Zimtk qsk hmk opm

qoZ^ s quk^q sr mjZ]r sm _j h smk spnom ôim\r smt iiZ h sk mp\Zkzq

h hskmj szk ôj_pmtr ^p\q{k

h^km omt omj_k^ mimhip{kmksr j p^tksh p\q ^k m ^kmtqqjnr h

hkmomq j_q on _k sl] _p^tkr h khZityr nomt m h_kr _x^ hs_q^

s opmqzohZ [{js h sr ^jo^p^r smt

59

7/18/2019 1

60/194

>]JJ ^X]Z Q^_ ^ `Z X`R[ \][J] ^\ZX

2=T= *X=GQXj` *=XV 5*

7X=OF 8Z@QX` *=XV 5*

kZ\h \ kopmqpjm\ sr ]]qhir \ kqsmxqjn h spmomomq sr

qsmxm^qr sr ^ho]^tqr ^k o^pqqns^pm ^oshsh on oms_ >qhn xphspqshn

szk qxmih{k sZl^zk qj^p ^k omhimjmpw

7/18/2019 1

61/194

4 J `Z `YR R _ R^`Z]_

wR \][`^ R^_ ^` 6]^`R o JX^Zx

%O=== 0Q=O>` .Q@QV

im h o^pqqns^pm iim]om js_r opmq_pxmks qsm qxmi^m m momm k wmp^r

^knr Ziimt omisqjmu h omii_r wmp_r h Ziir pqh^r m ]^]mj_km tsn opmtq

]i] o]{k on Zii^r x{p^r qsm ]jnqm îikhn qxmi^m _\k^ ksh^j^km opm[i

jsqjmu s sî^ts xpnk on ]Zwmpmtr wmp^r p^tksh_r ]pqspnss^r op^j

[Zq^r k_ _js qs [[i h k_mr opmqksmiqjnr qs kitshZ opm\pZjjs

qsmxûmtk qsk ^kqxtq smt okûjsmr iii^\\ur qtk^p\qr h \Zor qs oiq

smt qxmi^mt opmqoZ^^r ts_r qtk^x{r ^ks^kmks snqm on s j^pZ szk ^ho]^tsh{k nqm h szk k_zk kitsh{k opm\pjjZszk

^min\mr h\sr qsk hmkzk ts szk ks_q^zk h szk qt\hpmuq^zk szk ]

wmp{k h sr kqnssr szk ]^mim\{k h szk s^xkmim\{k smt psqqjmu h sr l^km

wm[r op_o^ k pp{q^ sm ]hn smt in\m k m in\mr sr i^r smt pqsmu ^k m

]pnjmr omt

7/18/2019 1

62/194

0R`R `_ JJR_ \JX^ `_ R`Z]J_ `_ J^^_

_ RQXZ_ li!g(a f$a!ca \[ ` Q] ^`X \R`R \]Y

7Z=O= 0QT=` 9Q\FZ= )>]T *%5

pzspxhn qhmon sr opmuqr ^q\qr oms^i^ kZ]^l szk ]tksmsszk jr

k^zs^pqshr opmq_\\qr sr ]]hshr sr

7/18/2019 1

63/194

4 \R^` `_ ZRR_ ZRZXZ_ R R^`^ `_

_ R`R[ X`RXZ `Z XR[ ZZ

*X=@@= 0TQ` 7[QF 7Y?QXQV 4=FV 4QOQ=V 5*

opmuq ^q\q ^l^sZq^ sk ôqsj sr hhr hmkmjr iiZ h sm jZ

j sr hhr hmkmjr zr _k ksh^j^km sm momm xphsp`^s \tkh^m

\k^ j j^\Zi qsmph kqhnoq k`smuk m op{s^r kZ\h^r omt m]\qk

qsk ]ptq sr oqsjr sr hhr hmkmjr h sk q\z\ sr qsmk okôqsjhn

x{pm q^ ]^k_r ôo^]m iiZ h qsk iiZ]

sk qtk_x^ ^l^sqmuk s kitshZ opm\pZjjs qomt]{k smt jjsmr sr

hhr hmkmjr qsk ]]qhi smtr qsm iikhn qxmi^m opspmuk m ]wmp_r

omt _xmtk s k_ ]]hshZ oh_sh ^]hZ nqm wmpZ qs _jwti qsmx^ omt o^p_xmtk

iiZ h qsr k_^r hi_r shsh_r omt opmtqZ`mtk qx^shZ j^ sr _jwti^r h q^lqsh_r smtr

sZq^r k ts_r toZpxmtk h omt opmtqZ`mks

snxmr sr qt\h^hpj_kr ^q\qr ^k omp^ smt jjsmr iiZ h sr ôqsjr

sr hhr hmkmjr j_q qsm xpnkm sm o_pqj sr on sk _jwti ]Zqsq q^ ^h^k

sk j ]xzpqj_k j^ q^lqshn spnom h sr l^r h sk ô]pq omt jomp^ k _x^

qsk ^kqxtq sr opmqzohnssr szk iikzk js{k nqm wmpZ qsk j^zq szk _j

wtizk ]hpq^zk qsm qxmi^m qsk hmkzk iiZ h qsr qx_q^r j_q qsk mhm\_k^

o^]m Ziizqs^ qsm momm ]pqspmom^s zr [Zq ôqsj sr hhr hmkmjr

^l^sqmuk ôqr ni ^h^k s qsmx^ omt om]^hkumtk ns hh hmkmjsk ôqsj omt _]zq^ {q qsk \tkh^ x^pw_sq

sq ôx p^s k qtjoipz^ sm _j sr \tkh^r ^ho]^tqr qsk iiZ] iiZ

h ]^k{r h j^ sk qtj[mi sr hhr hmkmjr omhqs{ksr j^ tsn smk spnom

sm _ii^jj omt toZpx^ qsmk smj_ tsn

_imr om]^x^ ns sm jZj sr hhr hmkmjr ^k _k jZj smt ii

khmu ^ho]^tshmu qtqsjsmr omt ]^k ^k \tkh^m ]^k wmpZ q^ ]xzpqjmur h

_jwti^r ]hpq^r iiZ ks^s jomp^ k ^kqxuq^ j^ px_r h l^r \np h hmpsq

{qs^ k ]jmtp\muk mimhipzj_k^r mhm\_k^^r omt jompmuk k m]\qmtk q^ [î

szj_k^r hmkzk^r

0R^ `X :Q`RX ^`Z Z`R[ ^ZZ ]^ `X m>m1m

R X\`Y `_ Q`R_ ^_

(B^T@HQV 5BTHLMBHA>LEV` 5TQJUW>NBOQV *SHUWENQOHLFV g 5=HA=@]@HLFV 0=GQAF@EUEV 5a* 0TFWEV

kZostl szk ^xkmim\{k sr ipmwmpr h szk ohmkzk{k _x^ ôw_p^

qjksh_r ii\_r qs kitshZ opm\pZjjs h qs ]]qhi h jZq szk j

jsh{k qsm ]jmshn qxmi^m sm \kzqshn ksh^j^km szk jsh{k m jompmuk

63

7/18/2019 1

64/194

k tomqsplmtk hsqsZq^r ]^pûkqr h khZityr ]pqspnss^r ôitqr opm

[ijZszk iyr omwZq^zk h kZostlr sr hpshr qh_yr sr qtj[mihr _hwpqr

h ôhmkzkr h k olmtk sm pnim \kzqshmu ^p\i^mt^ sk opmuq ^p\q \k^ j quksmj hpsh ^{pq szk im\qjh{k h ]]

hsth{k ^p\i^zk h ^wpjm\{k omt qtjo^pij[Zkmks qs k_ kitshZ opm\pZj

js qomt]{k omt ^wpjnqshk oimshZ

s qtk_x^ opmtqqsmuk ôi^\j_k op]^\js h ^k]^hsh_r jjsh_r

]pqspnss^r j^ xpq szk q^ ]Zwmp^r o^pmx_r szk jsh{k

7/18/2019 1

65/194

= ^`[Z_ `Z Q]^`RZ J]`R^Z R `_ X\`Y_ ``[``_

^`Z XZ >][J] @\ZX ` 6]^`R 0Z`RZu/X^Z

R ^`Z XZ >][J] @\ZX ^` 6]^`R 9Z

(^T@QV 7T@>V` 7[QV 7Y?QXQV .Q@]O

^ksphnr qhmonr sr ^p\qr ^k ]^p^ukq sr qhmom^qr smt k_mt pm\pZjj

smr omt]{k qs pqh^tshZ @jmshmu?tjkqmt h smt k_mtpm\pZjjsmr omt]{k

qs pqh^tshZ Jth^mt zr opmr smtr Zlmk^r smt pqh^tshmu \pjjsqjmu h sr kZ

ostlr stsnssr

]hns^pm qsnxm ^k ]^p^ukq sr k\hnssr ii\r szk opm\muj^kzk

7/18/2019 1

66/194

= ][Z_ `Z \R`RZ ^`X YRY R X\`Y

`X X`RX \]ZJ]`X

&OO= 7Z==O>j` :Q@QV

7X=OV 8T>V` ;V

m

7/18/2019 1

67/194

ij[knj^k^r l^r h sm hmkzkhn oiqm qs iy jr onwqr ox q^ _js ]x^

pqr onpzk

s kpzoqshZ jjs k qtxkZ ]îqsh_r to^psmk`^s qjq szk lzk

_kks szk omish{k mons^ ]^k k]^hku^s qjq sr qtjj^smxr szk ^k^p\{k om

is{k q^ j ]jmhpsh ]ht[_pkq omt ]jmpw{k^ j^ smk hius^pm spnom \ ni s

j_i sr sk mhmkmj iiZ h sm o^p[Ziimk

]ôqsjmkh opmq_\\q omt opms^k^s j_q on s ]quk]^q ]wmp^sh{k k

sh^j_kzk smt @^jshmu kmt iqmt pm\pZjjsmr omt]{k @ smom^

s^s sr o^pqqns^p^r wmp_r q^ [Zq ^zpsh h opmp^sh \ sm ]]Zqhmks {qs^ k

jk ôst\xZkmks omsî^qjshZ m qsnxm sr ^ho]^tqr \ sk ^wnpm kZostl

tjo^pqjshZ xZk^s ^thp \ smtr js_r k ^l^sZqmtk h k lmim\qmtk

minoi^tp sr hmkzkh_r mhmim\h_r h o^p[iimksh_r qx_q^r omt mhm]mjmuk j [{

qj h t^kshZ ]jmhpsh hmkzkk _k opZ]^\j miqshr opmq_\\qr opms^k^s q^ j jî_s o^poszqr _kr

spnomr ]quk]^qr smt o^p^xmj_kmt szk jjZszk qs oiq hkmsnjzk ]pZq^zk

{qs^ k ôs^txmuk hZomm on smtr qsnxm sr ^ho]^tqr \ sk ^wnpm kZostl

`RXZX`_ `ZX ]X` v R`R \][`^ JR `Z XZ Q

`_ XZZJ_ `_ / `Y_ `Z JX^Z

/]>OOV 8]T>V` 7[QV 7Y?QXQV 5*

sr px_r sr ]^h^sr smt _\k^ ^q\z\ qs qxmih ^ho]^tq szk jjZ

szk sr ^xkmim\r qsm ?tjkZqm h sm Juh^m omt timommuqk sk j_m]m ,.+&ec0 ^xk

opnjmmtr qhmomur h hmk_r j^n]mtr ]]qhir h lmin\qr j^ sr j^s\^k_qs^p^r

p^tksh_r p\q^r sr ]h_r ^jsh_r @pqspnss^r szk zjsh_r @pZ

q^r smt ?tjkqmt

jjs sr ^xkmim\r ]^k _xmtk qt\h^hpj_k ]]hs_ ui h ]^k ]]Zqhmks

on smk h\s j_q on sm qxmihn [[im m jZj \k^s j_q on ^p\q^r szk j

s{k sm _j szk momzk ôi_\^s on smtr ]mtr smtr js_r ^k{ m h\sr _x^ sm

pnim qtksmkqs ^jok^tqs hm]\s sk omp^ on sk ôim\ smt _jsmr j_xp

sk opmtqq sr p\qr qsk sZl hZ^ jsr jk^ k qtk^p\Z`^s j^ smtr qtj

js_r smt k iuk^ opm[ijs k k`sZ k [pqh^ h k lmim\^ oipmwmp^r j

k^ ozr k jk^

ôstx sr j^n]mt wk^s nsk m jsr lô^pkZ smk ]Zqhim q^ _k ^]hn _j

h \k^s tsnr t^ks qsm _j omt k_i[^ k jî^sq^

? k wsZq^ m jsr qsm opoZkz ôo^]m ^k opssm k _x^ hshsq^ sk

hknss k p^tkZ opZ\j omt ost\xZk^s j_q on j qs]h \kzpj h joimh

j^ s ]Zwmp ] oqsjmkhr _p^tkr

67

7/18/2019 1

68/194

kshsZqsq sm smt hpZ p^tkshmu jjsmr sr ^xkmim\r sr < sZlr

smt Jth^mt j^ ssim p^tk h ^pjsqjnr j^ tsn sr p^tkshr p\qr omt [

q`^s qs @^p^tksh Zq qs_pq^ s ]tksnss hm]\qr \ sk ^honkqôqsjmkhZ qzqs{k jsh{k ^p^tk{k qs oiq sr ]^ts^pm[Zjr ^ho]^tqr

^q\z\ on sk ônj^k qxmih xpmkZ smt opnjmmt jjsmr sr ^xkm

im\r qs ? sZl smt ?tjkqmt omsî^ j jmk]h ^thp j^swmpZr sr ^jo^pr

omt _x^ omhs^ on sm jZj smt Jth^mt q^ tsn

sk opmuq ^q\q o^p\pZw^s ]]hq h s qsZ] timomqr jr ]]

hshr opnsqr omt wim]ml^ k j^ssp_y^ sm js q^ p^tks ^pij[Zk^ sm qx^

]qjn h o^p\pw sp{k qtk^p\sh{k ^ho]^tsh{k q^kpzk omt ^joi_hmtk qs]hZ

smtr js_r qsk o^p\pwh sk o^pjsh h sk _p^tk ^pzsjsmim\mt h

lmommuk q^ j^\Zim [jn sr h s ^p\i^ qtjj^smxhmu qsmu Web ^p\pZwmks oqr s omsî_qjs h pjk^ szk omsî^qjZszk on sk op\jsmomq

opnjmzk ^p^tksh{k ]pqspmsszk on js_r Jth^mt

=R `][ZYZR QXRZ rZRs ^` ZR R `X 6]^`RX

`_ 0`]ZQR_ 1\^_ `_ \]R[Z {~u|zz

%=TO 8CQX` )T .QQ@=V` MSc 5==@]@FV` )OT= QX (XO=QX 3 /]O=V

^ [qh op]mx ns sm jZj szk pqh^tsh{k ^k wpmkjsqshn h j^ ^

zpshZ ^p^qjs qsk ]\z\h sr pkr qsk @^k p^tk xmih{k >[izk h

qsk ksqsmx omish opmq_\\q smt qhmonr sr opmuqr _p^tkr ^k k ]^p^tkq^

sk ^hnk szk ^s^pn]mlzk ^kh{k Ziizk qs îikhZ qxmihZ [[i szk pqh^tsh{k

sr @^ts^pm[Zjr ho]^tqr sr o^pn]mt

7/18/2019 1

69/194

8X JJ[X_ ZJZ`X_ ^` JR]R R^_

`_ ZJZ`X_ ^`Z XR[ JX^RZ

0=TO= :]>QX` *=XV 5*` Med

opmuq ^p\q ]^p^tkZ sk opmtq h ^ho]^tsh lmomq o^`{k h om

sh{k _p\zk \\inwzkr im\ms^xkr j^ ôh^kspm s qxmihZ ^\x^p] ^j^k ^mî

ikhr Jm\ms^xkr nizk szk sZl^zk smt ?tjkqmt smxûmksr q^ j hpsh ^{pq

sr ]]qhir sr \\inwzkr im\ms^xkr qsk sî^ts [j] tomxp^zshr ^ho

]^tqr qsk iiZ] ]^p^tk{ks h jî^s{ks m opZj^spm ]]qhir sr l_kr im

\ms^xkr ]]mksr _jwq qs ]ss qx_q h iiiô]pq szk ôqjzk opm]\pw{k

sr ^ho]^tshr ]]hqr qs qsmx^m_sq szk \\inwzkzk ôim\{k [Zq^ slkn

jqr h qsk opmtqq szk j^m]mim\h{k opmq^\\q^zk omt ksmo`mks qs qtkmihZmhs{ h^j^k omt kmim\muks qs ^\x^p] szk | h ?| sZl^zk smt ?tjkqmt

m ^jshn o^p^xnj^km szk kmim\muj^kzk \\inwzkzk _p\zk omt ôh^ksp{k^s

qsk oqs qsmk snom jr nozr smk [{kmtk m l_km ôqh_os^r qs wi qs qtj[zq

kp{ozk h `{zk qsmk Zkpzom q^ qx_q j^ s wuq qsr mhm\^k^h_r qx_q^r qsmk o

spzsqjn nozr ^hwpZ`^s on _kk wi_iik qs pmjksh ]Z^q smt omshmu tom

h^j_kmt tomqsp`^ h k]^hku^ sk ]omisqjh ]Zqsq sr im\ms^xkr h{r

h sk ksqsmx on sr ôqj^r opm]\pw_r qsmxm^q omqoqjsh jmpw j^

qx^sh tsms_i^ szk o^pqqns^pzk im\ms^xkh{k _p\zk qtkqsZ ]tkj szk ^\x^p]zk

^k{ ]^k jomp^ k jk tom\pjjqs^ qx^]nk hmih omtq sr \tkh^r \pwr

im\ms^xkhZ ^] omt opmqw_pmks opmr kZ\kzq o^pmp`mks qsk omq h sk o^`m\pw ^k{ _k jnkm ^h szk h^j_kzk kh^ xpmkhZ qs im\ms^xkh op\z\ smt ]û

s^pmt jqmu smt mu {k _imr ]oqs{k^s qu\hiq szk j^m]mim\h{k

opmq^\\q^zk szk h^j_kzk j^ s hkmkqshZ h^j^k

tjo^pqjshZ ]]qhi sr \\inwzkr im\ms^xkr qsr sp^r sZl^r smt ?tjk

qmt j_q on s ^\x^p] ^j^k ^mîikhr Jm\ms^xkr ]uks opZ sr nom^r

]tkj^r k top^sq^ smtr qhmomur \ smtr mommtr o^pîw

4 Z `X X`RX R`RX \]Z^JJ^X `X R]JR

\]RZX`RX `^X X Q`X Z Z`RZ ZZ

]ZJ X[_ #$"jec& JR `Z R rdaa daas

(^T@QV ;QXT>Vj` *=XV 5*s` Med

(^T@QV 1T>V` *=XV 5*sf5*` Med

(^T@QV 6>V` *=XV 5*s

pnhiq sr qu\xpmkr omiuoimhr op\jshnssr omsî^ j^slu Ziizk hi

i_p\^ snjzk hk{k k qtk]jmpw{kmtk sm j_iimk j^ npmtr o^p[iimkshr h hm

kzkhr ^wmpr ? sk ôs^tl szk px{k sr ^wmpr m pnimr sr ^ho]^tqr ^k

69

7/18/2019 1

70/194

hmpqshnr h{r qtj[Zii^ qs [îszq sr hknssr szk omis{k k hskmmuk h

k ksj^szo`mtk `sjs kZostlr h o^p[Ziimksmr on tsk s ^{pq osmuk

s ii\_r szk qsZq^zk iiZ h szk qtjo^pwmp{k smt snjmt {qs^ ts_r k qtkZ]mtkj^ sk ^wnpm kZostl

ii\_r q^ qsZq^r ^k omsî^qjshns^p^r nsk xpqjmommuks qsps\h_r ]

]qhir omt ]^k qxmimuks jnkm j^ sk onhsq \k{qr iiZ ost\xZkmtk qtkq

jsh ^joimh h opmqwmpZ ^jo^pr pmr sk hsûtkq ts ^zpmuks k\h^r

m ^kiihsh_r jmpw_r ]]qhir h jZqr m mom^r jompmuk k ^joi_lmtk ^k^p\Z

smtr qj^pkmur js_r h tpkmur omis^r qsk opmq_\\q szk opoZkz `sjZszk

^ sk opmuq jî_s ô]{h^s ]^pûkq szk \k{q^zk h qsZq^zk szk js{k

@jmshmu \ sm opmqss^tnj^km ^]mr sr smohr ok]r sr n]mt sm îZw Da)a da)a

isnk opk h j^sZ on qx_]m ^p\qr ,.+&ec0

7/18/2019 1

71/194

170784 ,//4

0R` X\`YR R`] w`R^[_x u ` \]\`^_

0=T=O ,=[=TCO=` *=XV 5*s

opmuq ^p\q _x^ zr qsnxm sr sk opmtqq j^i_sr o^poszqr o]mu j^

@Zxts

7/18/2019 1

72/194

^ho]^tsh_r kZ\h^r ooi_mk ^l^sZ`mtj^ sm [jn qsmk momm s opm[ijs tsZ

qx^s`mks h iiiô]pmuk snqm j^ sk tsm^hsjq nqm h j^ sr qtkqjsh_r ]t

qhmi^r szk o]{k j^ h xzpr ^]h_r ^ho]^tsh_r kZ\h^r

m ]^\j sr _p^tkr omsî^s on js_r xzpr ^]h_r ^ho]^tsh_r kZ\h^r

h omt ij[Zkmtk opnq^s ^ho]^tsh tomqspl ^s^ j_q qsk stoh sZl ^s^ q^

l^xzpqs jj kslr xmp\q szk j_qzk qtiim\r ]^]mj_kzk _\k^ q^ ]jnq

]jmshZ h \tjkZq qxmi^ sr onir smt phi^mt h smt ûjkmt h nim m qtjj^

s_xmks^r qtjoipzqk sm pzsjsmin\m >zjZszk j^ smtr tkmjihmtr sk hijh

PANAS h sk hijh tsm^hsjqr smt R+/e*be.#

7/18/2019 1

73/194

?k^s ^hs^kr kwmpZ qs )ed%a h qsk lmomq smtr qsk ^ho]^tsh ]]hq

q^ o]Z j^ jqh_r kZ\h^r

o]Z in\z sr xpnkr omstxr smtr iiZ h ô^] ]^k [mmuks ]s^p

on sr op]mqh_r j^n]mtr ]]qhir _xmtk kZ\h qzs^ph{k hkspzk \ jZq

@^p^tkZs m pnimr smt ^ho]^tshmu j_q on k_ jmks_i ]]qhir h qt`s_s

omsî^qjshnssZ smtr

qt\h^hpj_k [[im\pwh ^p\q hiuos^ sm ^zpshn oiqm sr _kslr szk

)ed%a qsk ^ho]^tq h jZiqs qsk ^ho]^tq o]{k j^ jqh_r ]tqhmi^r pm

^hsZq^r sr p\qr jompmuqk k wmpmuk qs ]^l\z\ _p^tkr q^ iikhZ qxmi^

nomt ]oqszknsk k h hsZ onqm _ksl szk )ed%a qsk ^ho]^tq [îs{k^ s

jqh ]]hq h s ]]hsh opZl sZ onqm ]i] omsî^qjsh ûhmi

qs xpq h opss ^k xpq szk jksh{k o^p[iinkszk qsk ^ho]^tq o

qr s omsî_qjs sr _p^tkr jompmuqk k qt\hpmuk j^ kZim\ omsî_qjsksqsmxzk ^p^tk{k Ziizk xzp{k {qs^ k ]oqsz^ hsZ onqm _smjm ^k sm îikhn

^ho]^tshn quqsj h îikh ^ho]^tsh hmknss k ]^xs^ qsmtr hniomtr sr s

)ed%a

>]ZJZX`_ `X R XQ`R[`` `X `X ZX Q`X R

`X \R`RX ^`Z \^RZ `Z ;Z @ZZ

-=V * 0QXTQY=V` 0=G@FV 5=OQX 0TFV`

)XGXOFV *T@=TQX

7/18/2019 1

74/194

^\`` `_ 01>u R ^^ `Z_ `X R \XZ

:T=@QY= 0QXQXT=` MSc` )XGYOT= QX ) 7[ 3C=V %=TO=QY

@spxr ii^jjshr pmqmxr h o^phkshnssr @ ^k qtxkns^p

ytxsph ]spx sr o]hr ihr O ôomiqjnr sr ^hsjZs qsm o]{k

qxmihr ihr k j k^tpmim\h hsZqsq omt xphsp`^s on _ii^y opmqm

xr to^phkshnss opmpjshnss h jomp^ k ]tqx^pZk^ sr o]h_r wi^r sr

qx_q^r j^ qtkmjihmtr k opmhi_q^ Z\xmr ]spx_r sr ]Z^qr hsZxpq mtq{k

h ^\hijshnss hsZ sk ^w[^ q^k^r j^ @ ksj^szo`mtk qtxkZ opm[i

js qsmk uokm phspqshZ sr @ jomp^ ôqr k ^jwkqsmuk q^ o]Z kton

jmk h hsioshZ j^ ^tqq qs `Zxp j^ _ii^y uokmt

hmonr sr opmuqr ^p\qr ^k kqhnoq sr [[im\pwr qx^shZ j^ s

@ qtqx_sq szk qtjoszjZszk sr j^ sk _ii^y uokmt qs o]Z xpnkzk

h ^l\z\ qtjo^pqjZszk \ sm qx^]qjn osmuj^kzk ]pZq^zk \ sk ksj^s{

oq smt opm[ijsmr qujwzk j^ sr px_r opm\z\r t\^r sr sZ[

^m]mim\ i^hspmkh k`sq qsk jxk k`sqr P5b)ed Zppzk qx^sh{k

j^ s @ h s qx_q sr j^ sk _ii^y uokmt ooi_mk ]^p^tkhk ]^k^r ]]

hsthm snom mp\kqj{k h sph{k o^pm]h{k h îikh [[im\pw

QT=V

7]T= 8?OQX` 1CQT=V 5=OQX .==V

;=TQY= 7=GQQYQX` %O=T^T= 0=G@FT= 5=OQX .==V

k[Zjq sr omnssr sr ^ho]^tqr j_q on sk kZostl omsî^qjsh{k

^ho]^tsh{k opm\pjjZszk \ sk tomqspl js{k j^ ^ho]^tsh_r Zii^r ]tqhm

i^r jompmuk k khnymtk s qxmih ]ppm h k tlqmtk sk opmq[qjnss q^ ni^r

sr [j]^r sr ho]^tqr @mjhZ qsmx^ szk omsî^qjsh{k ho]^tsh{k opm\pj

.... 1$

74

7/18/2019 1

75/194

jZszk omsîmuk m hkmsnj^r ]pZq^r \ sk lmin\q iiZ htpzr \ sk tomqspl

nizk szk js{k ]s^p nsk m ]pZq^r ts_r timommuks q^ ^tpu oiqm h ]^k

omsîmuk jhp_r kq]^r omsî^qjshnssr q^ _k qxmihn quqsj omt ]^k ^k ph^sZ

wihn opmr s ]wmp^shnss h sr smjh_r omhiq^r

sm oiqm tsn opmuq jî_s omsî^ j_pmr jr ^tpus^pr _p^tkr \ sk ]^

pûkq h sk opmqpjm\ smt jmks_imt sr ksonhpqr qs ]]qhi h op_j

[q qsm îikhn qxmi^m h qt\h^hpj_k qsm ?tjkZqm opmuq ôj_pmtr jî_s

_x^ sp^r qsnxmtr sk pxh ]^pûkq h ^hs^k jî_s sr ]^kmur [[im\pwr

nozr ôqr h sk hs\pw szk ^jo^ph{k ]^]mj_kzk omt qx^s`mks j^ sk omitô

o^] ]]qhi zr j_qm ksj^s{oqr szk ]tqhmi{k jZqr qsr sZl^r jhsr ]tkj

hnssr [ sk omsuozq szk xphspqsh{k smt iikhmu qxmi^mt qs ]^ts^pm[Zj

^ho]^tq omt ]jmpw{hk on sm ^qjhn oiqm h sr ho]^tsh_r ophsh_r omt

]^qon`mtk q^ ts \ smk opmq]mpqjn szk opms^knj^kzk opmqpjm\{k smt jmks_imt srksonhpqr qs ]]qhi h op_j[q {qs^ k ^k ^wpjnqjm qsm oiqm smt

îikhmu qxmi^mt

omsî_qjs sr qtqx_sqr szk ^tpjZszk sr ^hs^kmur [[im\pwhr kqhno

qr h sr omsuozqr szk qsmx^zk omt qtk_smtk s wtqm\kzj smt îikhmu qxm

i^mt h ]s^p smt ?tjkqmt ]^xkmtk ns ^k ^whs opmqpjm\ smt jmks_imt

ksonhpq qs ]]qhi h op_j[q ton sk opmvon^q ns kostxmuk s

hsZiii ^p\i^ \ sk lmin\q h s ]]qhi

t\h^hpj_k ^p\i^ h ]]hq^r _\hpr kxk^tqr szk js{k omt ]^k ks

omhpkmks qsm m ôo^]m sr ]]qhir qs \i{qq h qs jjshZ ]]hsh_r op^j[Zq^r [qqj_k^r q^ qsps\h_r h ^joimtsqj_k ]]qhi \ smtr js_r smt

mt ôo_]mt ]]qhir h{r h ^ho]^tsh_r op^j[Zq^r omt opmqmjmZ`mtk j^

ts_r sr ^]hr ^ho]^tqr \ s o]Z omt ^ksZqqmks qsm m ôo^]m ]]qhir

lp^shr qjqr ôqr ^k hsqh^t ^p\i^zk qtk^xmur ophmimuqr sr

opmn]mt szk js{k s qsmx^ sr momr kspmwm]msmuk h ]jmpw{kmtk s

]]qhi

^tpjs sr opmuqr _p^tkr omsîmuk s [Zq sr kZostlr smt opmqpjm

qj_kmt jmks_imt ksonhpqr qs ]]qhi h op_j[q omt qtj[Zii^ qsk

omsî^qjshns^p tomqspl nizk szk js{k ]kmksr smtr qnsj^r ^thp^r ^ho

]^tqr k^lZpss on s ]s^p smjhZ smtr xphspqshZ

4 YRZ\Z^ `]ZXRX \R`RX ]JX JR Q`_ ]_

RR_ \R`R_ XJ_

8TYZ]O 7XTQXQV` *=XV 5*s

qjksh hkq qsmk x{pm sr ]hr

7/18/2019 1

76/194

kZ\h^r k _x^ s ]tksnss wmsqr q^ _k qxmihn o^p[Ziimk qsm momm qtktoZpx^ j^

smtr qtkmjihmtr smt h ^k qtj[sn qsr kZ\h^r smt ]T 5=OQX %GO^O

*CO 2Q@=>` *=XV` MSc

@Zxts^r

7/18/2019 1

77/194

18>,701@4 1;4978; v 07, .7= :,64@4

1\^ XX R ZQ^m >]`R_ ]ZJ_ `Z ZZ

`]_ R]_ :`RX_ R ^ \X` ^Z `_ 1]\_

2[>V %?=^Vj` )XGXOFV 7[QQX )YTV *X=T=V 2XFOV

*CO 5==QQYQX` *=YT= *O]O

iiimjZq mjnsj jZq ,ee. )e*0+.%*# opm_hty^ on qt`sq^r j^ ^t

pzofhZ qxmi^ zr s^xkh hir ophshr ^ho]^tqr ^kihzk sm qxmi^m jr on sm

[pqh^ ^wpjm\_r q^ ]^jsh_r ^knss^r m ^\hph^ ^tpzofhn opn\pjj

j^ ssim HELP H+7 0+ Ed5ca0e Lea.*e./ 0$.+5#$ Pee.)e*0+.%*# m xmi^m @ûs^pr t

hpr tsikr sk _kr on smtr _l ^tpzomtr ^spmtr omt opk j_pmr qsm opn

\pjj sm momm ]phq^ ]um xpnk sZ s ]Zph^ sr qtk^p\qr

^l^sZqj^ sm ^zpshn oiqm sr j^n]mt sk ^wpjm\ h lmin\q sr sq opm

_hty^ j j^\Zi \hZj on ^wpjm\_r iiimjZqr q^ ]Zwmp qxmi^ q^ ]Zwmp^r

x{p^r nomt Ziims^ ûhmi h Ziims^ om ]uqhmi jomp^ k ^wpjmqs^ q^ hZ^ jmpw sr

^ho]^tqr kihzk j_m]mr jî^sh^ h hsnok wpjnqsh^ qsk ho]^tq ^k

ihzk nomt m ^ho]^tnj^km _xmtk sk opmvoZpxmtq \k{q h ^jo^p^r q^ omhimtr

smj^r o^pqqns^pm ^k^p\ ^joimh smtr qsk ^ho]^tsh ]]hq smtr _]zq^ s ]t

ksnss k o^pjsqsmuk q^ _k o^p[Ziimk hnj i\ns^pm ]qhimh^ksphn ^kqxtq^

sk tsmoômq smtr h ^k^p\momq^ s _iq \ sk hsZhsq sr k_r \k{qr

iiimjZq zr _k opzsmomphn ^p\i^m qs x_p smt ^ho]^ts i^smtp\^ j^ smk

hius^pm spnom qsk ^ho]^tq ^kihzk >^[zr qs [[im\pw j_m]mr sr ii

imjZqr [pqh^ ^wpjm\ h q^ Zii^r [j]^r ^ho]^tqr iiZ tsn jomp^ k ^k

ksh^j^km jr Ziir _p^tkr

^wpjm\_r sr iiimjZqr o^pioshZ jompmuk k hs\mpmommuk nozr o

phZsz

p\qsp iiimjZqr ^ tsZ ^kih^r ^ho]^tnj^km ]i{kmtk smj^r h

ksh^j^k omt \kzp`mtk h jompmuk k opmtqZqmtk in\z ^kqxniqr ô\\_ij

smr h omt _xmtk ^k]^xmj_kzr ^k]w_pmk h \ Ziimtr qtk^ho]^tj_kmtr smtr

#

77

7/18/2019 1

78/194

kqxtsh iiimjZq ^ tsk kih^r ho]^tnj^km j^ omiu hi_r o]nq^r

q^ smj^r nozr \i{qq s jjshZ oipmwmph hZ kij[Zkmtk sk ^ho]^tq

^knr mjZ]r qtk^ho]^tj_kzk smtr j^ ]tkj^r qsm ksh^j^km

mt Zqr h sr ^ho]^tqr ^kihzk

opmuq ^p\q ^l^sZ`^ sk @ >mt Zq on sk mosh sr ]omisqjhr

o]\z\hr omqsp`mtj^ sk kZ\h ^wpjm\r szk px{k h szk lzjZszk oZkz

qs mom qsp`^s ]omisqjh ^ho]^tq qsm oiqm sr ^ho]^tqr ^kihzk

upmr qhmonr ^k omsî^qjsh ^ho]^tq h hsZpsq nizk szk ^kihzk ]xzr]hpq^r ^k{ [qhm qsnxm omsîmuk ^kqxtq sr hknssr smt ^ho]^tnj^kmt \

tsm]x^pq sr jZqr h kZostl hpshmu qsmxqjmu pZiii opmuq ^p

\q qsmxû^ q^ opmsZq^r h hs^ttksp^r \pjj_r m mom^r oqsûmtj^ qtj[Zimtk

qsk k[Zjq smt pnimt smt ^ho]^ts ^kihzk qs opmx mimhipzj_kr ôjnp

wzqr h hsZpsqr szk ^kihzk h{r h qsk omsî^qjsh iiiô]pq j^slu

nizk szk qtksî^qs{k sr jZqr

opmtq ^kihzk snjzk j^ ^kmomisqjh pqh^tsh h \izqqh ]wmp^s

hnss qs sjjs @ >mt Zqr omsî^ j opnhiq \ smk ^ho]^ts i^s

k ]x^pqs^ ^kih Zsmj s mom _xmtk ]wmp^sh_r kZ\h^r h ^k]w_pmks h

qt\xpnkzr k opmqpjnq^ sr o]\z\h_r smt ^k_p\^^r h ophsh_r qs k_ ]^]mj_k

.... 1$

78

7/18/2019 1

79/194

sr omitomisqjhnssr tjo^pqjshZ m ^ho]^tsr \ k ^osux^ smtr opoZkz

qsnxmtr mw^i^ k ij[Zk^ tony smt sr opm\muj^k^r ^jo^p^r szk ^ho]^tmj_kzk

k ^kppuk^ sk ^joimh smtr q^ k_^r ^jo^p^r h j^ s tomqspl smt k m]\^ smtr

^kih^r qsk ^pjk^ szk ^jo^p{k ts{k j_q on ]wmp^sh_r mosh_r _imr m ^ho

]^tsr hi^s k opmzq^ sk omisqjh k^hshnss sk om]mx smt omisqjhZ

]wmp^shmu h sm qsmxqjn \ s qs^p^nsto h sr opmhsiy^r

4 \RJJR Y `Z Q]Z ][XZ

*=OQXF 0QQ?>Vj` *=XV 5*s

2=T= 0QO` 2QXQ@QV

7/18/2019 1

80/194

smt ^pzsjsmim\mt qs qxmi^ smt ]^\jsmr ]jmpw{h^ j qw_qs^p qtkmih ^

hnk szk omsî^qjZszk sr _p^tkr sm momm qtjoipzq^ sk opmqoZ^ \ sk quksl

szk \^kh{k qtjo^pqjZszk

/R `X \^ `Z Z^Z\Z` \]\`^ ag"$e

R Z \JZ^RZ\ZRXZ_ `[_

)O= 2Q@>OQX` *=XV

o\hmqjmomq mhmkmjh h omisqjh omsî^ sk htppx qtkqs{q smt

qu\xpmkmt hmkzkhmu h qsmphmu \\k^q ^zp^s oms_i^qj sr hsqxtqr szk

l{k smt k^mwiî^t^pqjmu h smt j^phkhmu \^jmkqjmu xzpr k ^l^sZ`^s k

^jo_]zq sr mwî^s ^k j_p^ h q^ j opm\muj^k omisqjh ]^kmomq omt ]

^thmiukh^ on sk opnm]m sr oqsjr qs ]tsh mpmim\h ^h]mx sr h sk oi

pmwmph ohmkzkh okZqsq omt tknq^ sk o^t^r ohmkzk szk snjzk

oZkz qsmk oiks h qtk_p\q^ qsk kZ]^l smt ^k omiimr s^xksmu xphsp szk

qtknpzk ? tsn km^s Zhps q^ ks]qsmi j^ smk ok^tjshn omisqjn h qtkzr

^hij[Zk^s zr oî \ sk kh stsnss s \i{qq h sk ]mqtqsq hZ^ imu

]s^p ^h^kzk omt ]^k ]_smtk sk mhmkmjh omish ]ukj k ôp^Zqmtk sr

o\hnqj^r ^lîl^r sm qt\h^hpj_km oiqm h j^ ]^]mj_k sk omitomisqjhnssszk qu\xpmkzk hmkzk{k m ^kmh^kspqjnr h m hmqjmomisqjnr omsîmuk sm [qhn ]

omim _kks smt mommt sm ^hZqsms^ ^ho]^tshn quqsj hi^s k hmpq^ sr ô]{

l^r smt opmr sk hsûtkq sr omspmor jr omisqjhr mjmm\_k^r iiZ h sr

om]mxr sr ^s^pnssr

opmuq ^q\q ôx^p^ k ]qwkq^ sr _kkm^r smt hmqjmomisqjmu h sr

o\hmqjmomqr k k]^l^ s xphspqshZ smtr \kzpqjs h sr j^slu smtr

qx_q^r h k omsto{q^ sr qtk_o^^r sr o\hmqjmomj_kr hmkzkr qs ]jnpwzq

sr stsnssr szk omis{k h qsk om]mx sr ^s^pnssr s qtk_x^ j^ w^sp s

^{pq sr Ma.0$a N5//ba5) qsm [[im sr o_p sp]mr spzsqjnr mqjmomi

sqjnr \ sk hmqjmomish ^ho]^tq zr oZksq qsr opmhiq^r smt mt {k

kiu^s ^j[_i^ sr qtiim\qshr sr h m ^kqsZq^r omt ts ^\^p^ _imr ôx^

p^s hs\pw szk qtkô^{k sr o\hmqjmomqr qsmk ^ho]^tshn ^qjn h ^l^

sZ`^s m pnimr szk ^kh{k hps{k qs ]jnpwzq sr ^ho]^tshr omishr h qsk

timomq szk px{k sr ]omisqjhr ^ho]^tqr

.... 1$

80

7/18/2019 1

81/194

>]ZJ]` R Z Q^_ R X\]

*Y= ;=T==>` 5TQX[=F :QFT=f*FQ 5T@T== 5==@]@FV 0=>TV %75%/8*

kZ\h qt\\pwr smt Zppmt pm\pZjjs @ >mt Zqr h kop opm

huos^ on sm ns s Zsmj j^ kop hnj h qj^p [{kmtk ]hpq^r q^ ni s ^o

o^] sr hmkzkhr smtr `zr >qhnr qsnxmr smt Zppmt opmtqq smt oiqm sr

k_r ksiyr \ sk kop omt k hmkzkh _ksl kZ]^l sr k\hnssr

j_pjkr \ ^]h_r omish_r omt zr qsnxm _xmtk sk ksj^s{oq ^]h{k opm[ijZszk

j_q on sk ^ho]^tq ^kihzk

_pmr ^ho]^tq zr kp{okm ]hzj

7/18/2019 1

82/194

.... 1$

82

7/18/2019 1

83/194

18>,701@4 8,7 1>7:=?@4 18>,70178;

4 Q`R ZZJ R \R[]^ _ \]JZX`_ \][_

`_ \JJ`R_ YZQX^_ X \R`RX

%=TO 3>` *=XV 5*` MEd

^ho]^tshnr htpzr in\z sr omiioinssr szk o\{k oipmwnpqr omt [pqhmk

s ûhmi qsk ]Z^q szk js{k h l sr hmkzkhmmhmkmjh{k ii\{k [pqh^s

q _k qxmi^m omt _s^ q^ jwq[sq sk t^ks smt m ôZ\\îj smt ^ho]^tshmu

qt\hsi_\^s qs ô\\_ijs tyimu hk]ukmt nqmk wmpZ sm ô\\îjshn Z\xmr

h sk ô\\îjsh ^lmt_kzq

smtr ^ho]^tshmur ô\\îjsh ^lmt_kzq ^h]i{k^s j^ qj hnozqr j^

omjZhptkq h omqsqmomq on sr hmkzkh_r qx_q^r iiZ h on s opm[ijs

sZil komsî^qjshnss h ]tkj \ mtqqsh ^ho]^tsh opmqwmpZ

7/18/2019 1

84/194

s ^shZ qtkqjs sk qm]ml sk ûp^q qsnxzk j_q on sr hiq^r s si_ks

h sk ôjnpwzq on sr [qh_r _kkm^r sr ^shr txmim\r ^k j^ knj

h qhmon `z mom ôst\xZk^s j^ sk uopl ^sh{k kmxs{k qx_q^zk j^ smtr Ziimtr j^ sk hii_p\^ ^sh{k xphspqsh{k sr opmqzohnssr h sk [zq ^sh{k

qtkqjZszk ^l^sqs^ imonk q ts sk ^q\q hsZ onqm ^shnss [îs{k^

smk spnom h sk omnss sr `zr smt ^ho]^tshmu h hsZ onqm ^kqxu^ smtr qzjs

hmur \kzqshmur h qzjshmur onpmtr _sq {qs^ k kmjsm]msq^ sk `z smt k mpm

^sq^ qsnxmtr k ôjmpwz^ h k tlq^ sk tsm^hsjq smt

ô\\îjsh ^lmt_kzq opmtqZ`^ omii_r mjmnss^r j^ sk hsZiy XV` *OQ@T=OF %@]@F

^ho]^tshZ opm\pZjjs op_o^ k qx^]Z`mks _sq {qs^ k ksomhpkmks

on sk px qsk omhimjmpw sr jZqr mih x^]q \ Zq qsm

xû^ qsk opmx qzk ^thp{k jZqr \ nimtr pmksr s ^jon] omt opmhimuk

s jr ^kr hmor kîqshZ ^ho]^tshZ opm\pZjjs s mom ]^k ^k opm

qpjnqj sp^r px_r sr ^k

pmx omiioi{k j_qzk kopZqsqr

pmx omiioi{k j_qzk ]pZqr h _hwpqr

pmx omiioi{k j_qzk ^joimhr qs ]]hq jZqr

.... 1$

84

7/18/2019 1

85/194

m ]hstm UDL*e0 qsmxû^ opzspxhZ qs qtiim\ h ô]^l spnozk omsî^qjshr

xpqr smt oiqmt m ]hstm omqhmo^ k opmZ\^ s ]jmtp\ hmkmsszk op

hshr kZj^q q^ ^ho]^tshmur wmp^r on ni sk tp{o ]kmksZr smtr s ]tksnssk xpqjmomqmtk k ]jmpqsmuk h k lmomqmtk opmq[Zqjm ^ho]^tshn o^

p^xnj^km on j oi^Z] ^ho]^tsh{k o\{k oopnq^s k]^hku^ s ]tksnss

sr ]tkjhr smt i^hspmkhmu ^ho]^tshmu o^p^xnj^kmt ton sm opqj sr

ywh [[imh h oiswnpj hmkzkhr ]hsuzqr smt UDL*e0 ]kmtk s ]t

ksnss q^ ^ho]^tshmur js_r \mk^r h Zii j_i sr hmknssr k k`sqmtk

h k opmqpjnqmtk opmq[Zqjm ho]^tshn o^p^xnj^km qs _js k]w_pmksnr smtr

h [Zq^ szk k\h{k smtr _imr sm UDL*e0 qhmoû^ k kosul^ ]\^r h i_r p

hsh_r omt omsto{kmtk sk omsî^qjshnss szk ^p\i^zk hi{k ophsh{k smto^p^xmj_kmt h s^hjp{kmtk sr qx^sh_r ]]hq^r jZqr

>qhm snxm ]hsumt UDL*e0

kZostl jr qtqsjshr j^m]mim\r h m hmpqjnr hpspzk \ sk k

\k{pq szk hi{k ophsh{k \upz on sk

qx^]q h kZostl ]]hsthr ywhr [[imhr mom o^p_x^ qti

im\ h hs\mpmomq szk hi{k ophsh{k pZiii tomqsp`^s j ]]

hsth hmknss sr momr m xpqs^r jompmuk k k`sqmtk ksiiZlmtk h

opmqpjnqmtk ophsh_r ]]qhir h jZqr ton sm opqj sr ]jmtp\ ^knr ]hsumt hmkmsszk hir ophshr j^ ^k]w_pmk \ hkmsnj^r

ophsh_r h ôjnpwzq qsk omsî^qjsh xpq opmq[Zqjzk qs ]]qhi

qtiim\ h kZostl hkmsnjmt qx^shmu omit\izqqhmu o^p^xmj_kmt sm momm

tomqspl^ sk ^kslh opmq_\\q h sm momm o^p\pZw^s h omhû^s j^

s jmpw jqh{k ksh^j_kzk qsk ywh [[imh

kZostl szk ]^lmsszk h qsZq^zk szk ^joi^hmj_kzk qsk ^ho]^tq _sq {qs^

k ]qwi`mks opnq[q h xpq ^kslh{k ophsh{k ]]qhir h jZqr

ton sk mjop_i szk hmkmsszk hir ophshr

]^l\z\ ]mhjqsh{k huhizk ^wpjm\r j^ ksopmqzo^tshn pjn ^joi^hnj^

kzk wmp_zk \ sk opmqpjm\ h ^joimtsqjn smt ^ho]^tshmu o^p^xmj_kmt j^ [Zq

sr toZpxmtq^r kZ\h^r h sk lmin\q smtr

^kj_pzq h ôhupzq szk omsî^qjZszk smt _p\mt q^ ni sk tp{o h

]Zxtq omsî^qjsh{k j^n]zk ]]qhir j_qz sr ]hsuzqr j^ qx^shZ _p\ ]hst

h opzsm[mti^r

H p\q tom[Zii^s qsm oiqm smt _p\mt UDL*e0 N LLPGRCOME

NIUSCNWUDL*e0 $3,7775d(*e0,.+&ec0e5 pn\pjj @pZq uomr _p\mt COME

NIUS M5(2(a0e.a( *e07+.'/

# #

85

7/18/2019 1

86/194

,YRZ\Z^ `X ]X `_ RZ]Z\ZRX_ R^_ ^`X \R[]^

`Z \R`RZ R `X \R`R Q]RX[``

)T *X=@@= 7T=Zj` 7[QF 7Y?QXQV V *=XFV 5TZCT=V +?TQX

)O= 5==QQYQX` *=XV 5*s

sk ho]^tq h ojnpwzq ho]^tsh{k op_o^ k qxumtk m px_r sr ^ho

]^tqr ^kihzk qsnqm \ sm in\m ns m ^ho]^tshnr hi^s k ^ho]^uq^ qs qtk_

x^ hZ^ opmqoZ^ ^ho]^tqr ^ojnpwzqr smt op_o^ k tm^s^ jmks_i

opnsto omt lmommuk h sr px_r sr @]hshr \^khZ sr mom^r sm

7/18/2019 1

87/194

,\[ X ]X R X\`Y R`RZ \]RZXZ `X XZ^ZR

\R[]^ `X \R`RX \]\`^ `Z ]J^`]Z ^RX

\R^`X ^`Z Z 0Z`R[ @ZZ ?QXZ

3>TQV 8=@^V` *=XV 5*s

m p\qspm tqh{k oqsj{k qs^\Z`^s qsm m @jmshn xmi^m ^ujkmt zr _k

on s p\qsp omt ^lmoiqshk on pn\pjj smt ?|

7/18/2019 1

88/194

@sto{k^s h tomqsp`^s m qxtpqjnr ns o^poszq i^smtp\r smt p\qs

pmt jomp^ k omsî_q^ _k qt\h^hpj_km opZ]^\j twqsZj^kr ^k]mqxmihr

]mjr ôjnpwzqr ^ho]^tsh{k ]s^p q^ j qt\htp nomt xp^Z`^s ôjmk qs

qjq h sk l sr ^ho]^tshr ]]hqr qsk lmomq szk kp{okzk h

tih{k onpzk h htpzr ^joqsmquk qsm _p\m szk ^ho]^tsh{k

.... 1$

88

7/18/2019 1

89/194

18>,701784 ,j` =XV` =X[=F ZQFT= 5=OQX 0TFV

2=T= 5=>` %ZQ 585* 0TFV` =X[=F ZQFT= 5=OQX 0TFV`

9=QF 5==QQYQX` %ZQ /QT=V = %T[=QQ@=V 0TFV` =X[=F

ZQFT= 5=OQX 0TFV

^q\q wmpZ q^ ]um Zlmk^r

7/18/2019 1

90/194

oqr @ qtk_[i^ qsk kZostl smt ô\\îjsqjmu smt h{r _\k^ Zkpzomr

sr opZlr h nx oinr ^wpjmqsr smt kitshmu opm\pZjjsmr

_imr ^zpmuj^ Zlm in\mt sm \^\mknr ns ^k{ @ ^x^ qsmx^ tsmlmin\qr h

^s^pmlmin\qr nksr opzsm[mti smt ^ho]^tshmu ]jmup\q^ hij îû^pr

_hwpqr szk opm[ijsqj{k ^joqsmqukr îhpk^r h kqsmxqjmu kZj^q qs

j_i s @ j^{kmksr sm pkshn wmpsm omt w_p^ m npmr lmin\q qsr j_p^r jr

,\Z`^ `Z \RZ]`RZ ]JZ `Z ^ZRZ ^ZZm

,\[R_ \R`RX R ^ZRX ^ZX >ZRZ`R \]Z^JJR^

2=T= 0==O>` 7[QF 7Y?QXQV ) * sV 5TZCT=V -T=QX

opmuq ^p\q ^qsZ`^ qsm ôjmpwzshn _p\m smt qxmihmu qtj[muimt toûtkmt

\ sk oqsjmkh h o]\z\h hm]\q szk ho]^tsh{k \ sk o\\îjsh

kZostl h [îszq smtr >qhn qhmon sr _p^tkr omsî^ ]^pûkq szk ony^zk

szk ^ho]^tsh{k h szk qxmih{k qtj[muizk q^ qx_q j^ sm ôjmpwzshn _p\m smtr ?

sk ôs^tl smt qhmomu ôi_xh^ ommsh opmq_\\q j_qz sr j]mjj_kr qtk_k

s^tlr j^ qsnxm k wzsqsmuk omhi^r oi^tp_r sr op\jshnssr q^ ns wmpZ sm qxmihn

quj[mtim sm ôjmpwzshn smt _p\m s opm[ijs omt ksj^szo`^ zr ôjmpwzsr

iiZ h s opm[ijs szk ôjmpwzknj^kzk

upm ûpj sr _p^tkr ^k ns h m ]um oi^tp_r mjnwzk qtjwzkmuk ns m qjkshns^pmr pnimr smt qxmihmu qtj[muimt ^k m ôjmpwzshnr oqr ]i{kmtk mjnwzk

ns m ^ho]^tshm ksj^szo`mtk smtr qxmihmur qtj[muimtr j^ hxtomy h opmhs

iy^r \^\mknr omt mwî^s qsm ns smtr [i_omtk zr tomywmtr lmim\s_r tjo^p

qjshZ ]wk^s qjkshnss sr ^k]mqxmihr ôjnpwzqr sr ]^pûkqr szk

ôjmpwzsh{k k\h{k szk ^ho]^tsh{k iiZ h s ^jon] opm[ijs omt ]j

mtp\muks ^lsr sr _ii^yr ^k]w_pmksmr on s j^pZ sr mis^r \ sm ^qjn smt

xmihmu tj[muimt iiZ h sr ôjnpwzqr szk ^ho]^tsh{k

,YRZ[J^ `_ \Z^_ `X Q`X

\]RJ]R YRZ[J^ v YRZ[J^ QZ_

0Q> 2=T=` *=XV 5*s

8QT>@QX %@@F` *=XV 5*s

3=@>QX 2=T=` *=XV 5*s

7/18/2019 1

91/194

ssr h qtkpsZs snqm j^ sr o]\z\h_r ]]hq^r h smtr o]\z\hmur qsnxmtr

nqm h ^tpus^p j^ s i^smtp\ smt qxmi^mt

7/18/2019 1

92/194

>JZ^RZ\Z^ R ]\Z\Z^ ^` RZ^ `_ \^_

\JJ`R JX^ R XR_ YRZ[J^_

5QX[TOV 7Z=>V` 7[QV 7Y?QXQV )* V 5TZCT=V -T=QX

x{pmr sr tpzofhr ho]^tshr mishr ]jmpw{k^s [j ton sk ^o

]pq sr o\hmqjmomqr h smt in\mt \ sk mhmkmj sr \k{qr omwZq^r m

hs^tukq^r s opm\pZjjs h sm qukmim szk omish{k omt timommuks qsr x{p^r sr

tpzofhr kzqr qx^]Z`mks qtxkZ j^ s qtjj^smx to^p^kh{k wmp_zk nozr UN

ESCO h m

7/18/2019 1

93/194

4 G`ZGYRZV[JOÔ ^Ò ^ZVRU `HYOl 2XG KOWRZ]JRU[ L]JGVLSZ ^`G M]RG WGu

QO`gX UGR KGÛHVfXm :RG WLVMÒ \L]S\`fÔ_ LX[_ WZX`MVZ G`ZGYRZV[JOÔ_

%GO> ;==>` )T *Ô %@]@FV` Ma!er *=XV 5* s

^q\q ts _x^ qhmon k opmtqZq^ s omsî_qjs ^knr jmks_imt tsmlm

in\qr smt js zr jî_s o^poszqr omt ^wpjnqsh^ qs @ sZl smt mt @jms

hmu xmi^mt ?_ph îszq sr tsm^hsjqr h tsmoômqr smt js

>îszq sr omnssr ]opmqzoh{k qx_q^zk j^slu szk js{k h j^slu js{k h ]qhZimt

tsmlmin\q smt js opmZ\^ sr ksqsmx^r hknss^r h qsm ]Zqhim ô

]p{ksr hsitshZ qs [îszq sr omnssr smt ]]hshmu smt _p\mt Zlmk^r sr ^

q\qr wmpmuk sr ^lr opj_spmtr smt _jsmr

u\hpq op]mqhmu spnomt lmin\qr smt js h smt jmks_imt tsmlmin

\qr >qhZ xphspqshZ smt jmks_imt tsmlmin\qr

qsnxm sr ^wpjm\r smt jmks_imt q^ ns wmpZ s [îszq smt js ô]mq

tsm^hsjq qtjo^pwmpZ hio iiZ h sr omnssr smt op\nj^kmt _p\mt sr mjZ]r

qsk mom kh^ h szk qx_q^zk j^slu szk jî{k sr

m oiqm sr ^wpjm\r smt jmks_imt qtkh^r j_q qsr mom^r i^smtp\q^

sm jmks_im quk^q sZlr xphspqshZ mjZ]r ^kj_pzq \mk_zk hio

^q\z\ smt jmks_imt tsmlmin\qr opmvom_q^r ^wpjm\r smt jmks_imt

tsmlmin\qr m jmks_im wpjnqsh^ q^ ni s ]]hshZ ksh^j^k sr sZlr q^ qtk

]tqjn j^ sk mj]mqtk^p\sh j_m]m hsZ s ]^jsh opmq_\\q szk ]]hsh{k

ksh^j_kzk kqxuh^ on s opm\pZjjs sr ^t_ihsr `{kr omt kspmwm]msmuqk

s omsî_qjs sr tsmlmin\qr j_q on ]Zwmpmtr pnimtr h opzsm[mti^r omt

kij[Zkmtk s o]Z sq ^xk sk ^thp k lmomqmtk s mw_i sr ]]hqr

h k ]mx^sûqmtk sr ]_^r s ]pZq smtr q^ ]Zwmpmtr smj^r omt mim_k h tlZkmksk

m smj^r h m ]pZq^r

93

7/18/2019 1

94/194

]]hq wpjm\r smt jmks_imt m jmks_im wpjn`^s qsk opZl mu onqm

ons^ h o{r p]^\js on s \i{qq h s jjshZ j^ o^p\pw mimhipzj_kzk

]pqspmsszk

oms^i_qjs sr ^wpjm\r smt jmks_imt qsmtr js_r smjhZ h mj]hZ

h{r h qsm ]Zqhim

.... 1$

94

7/18/2019 1

95/194

18>,701784 1?1;,

0^Z_ R \]Z` ` `Z ^R^[ R `X Z\Z^

r]X`RX ]J^RXs ^`Z RZ \[R_ \R`RX

->OO= (]@>j` *=XV` =ZQ QX 527

5T?=QOF *=X QX 8*5%*7

'=V 5==?=QX` 1CQT=V 5=OQX %@=QX

opmuq _p^tk jî^sZ _kk k_m ^ho]^tshn ^qjn sr ^p^tksh_r ^p\q^r ,.+

&ec0 qsm Juh^m mommr l`^ k jî^s^ ôqsj_k h{r m opmq]mh^r omt smk qtkm

]ûmtk ^k tyi_r hmonr sr ^k ]^pûkq szk ony^zk h szk ksiy^zk szk

^ho]^tsh{k ]^ts^pm[Zjr ^ho]^tqr szk ith^zk sr n]mt \ sr ]tqhmi^r h sopm[ijs omt ksj^szo`mtk qs ]]hq qx^]qjmu h timomqr ^p^tksh{k

^p\q{k

ôsno _p^tk ^k ommsh ]^k^p\h^ hsZ sm ]Zqsj kmtpmt gmt

h zr [qh j_m]mr ôi_xsh^ jî_s o^poszqr _xmksr zr hupm j^m]mim\hn

^p\i^m sk j]mjj_k qtk_ks^tl

7/18/2019 1

96/194

on ^ho]^tshmur omt \kzp`mtk sm ksh^j^km oqr ôqjkmtk sk kZ\h k t

lmuk m opmqw^pnj^k^r {p^r ]]qhir h _smtk zr opmvon^q kZ^q qsmtr

^ho]^tshmur k jk ^k k\hqsh iiZ opmp^sh oqr opspmuk ns op_o^

k ksj^szoqsmuk hZom^r ^k]mqxmih_r ]tqhmi^r {qs^ k qtk^p\Z`mks pjmkhns^p

j^slu smtr iiZ opss hpkmtk h j hius^p hm]\q on sm pZi

ii ôqjkmtk ns ^k qhnojm m js_r h m jsp^r k ôi_\mtk _js omt

smtr k]w_pmtk iiZ h k hsp\^ lmin\q j^ [jn j^sZ sk mimhipzq jr

^p^tkshr ^p\qr _imr opms^kmtk m pjnr szk js{ksp{k hZ^ ,.+&ec0 k ^k

jhpns^pmr ^k{ ]Zph^Z smt k ^k ^sq

opoZkz ony^r szk ^ho]^tsh{k smt p^tkshmu ]^\jsmr qtkqsmuk opmsZq^r

opmr ô^l^p\q h q^ hj o^poszq ]^k jompmuk k \^kh^tsmuk zqsnqm ]ukks k

omsî_qmtk o^]m hpshmu opm[ijsqjmu j^ o{s^pm qsnxm sk ommsh k[Zjq

smt ^qjmu szk ^p^tksh{k ^p\q{k qsm qu\xpmkm iuh^m

= ][Z_ `X \]ZZ]RX RXX ^`R_ R`R_ X[``_

`Z Q`Z_ `_ R^`Z]_m :R ^J]R`R ]X JR `X ]^ `Z_

\[ \R]Z_ R ]]RZ_ ^Z_

'=F *TFO 0QOQQYQXj` 9Q\FZ= )>]T QX 5=OQX V 7==>O=

Uni#eridad de Salamanca` SpainJa#ier Roale Pardo` 8=V 0=G@FV V 5==@]@FV 7[QFV QX 5=OQX

V 7==>O=

Raq"el de Si$!e Herrera` %O=T^T= 0=G@FT= V 7[QFV V O=

H jZq sr qsmpr qsr qxmih_r sZl^r qtxkZ o^pqsp_w^s \upz on sk kZ\kzq

h{r qjksh o\ Zksiqr qsmph{k oipmwmp{k \ smtr js_r omsîmuk s h^

j^k omt k\k{qhmtk

qsnqm opsp^s _k opZ]mlm _ii^jj qsmx^zk \ sm pnim omt ]]pjs`mtks h^j^k hj^pkZ qsr sZl^r sr qsmpr k h htppx szk ]zk zr j_qm ]]

qhir ^k ]jwq[ss

7/18/2019 1

97/194

_jo^pm h s_qq^pr pxZpm opmq_smksr qsk ^p\q Zii j qtkqs{q tsk sr

]]hshr jo^pr h sm p{sj hsZ onqm ts op^Z`^ sr \kzqsh_r ]]hq^r omt

_smks q^ ^wpjm\ \ sk ôs^tl jr [Zr hsknqr opmr nwîmr szk js{k

x^shZ j^ s j^m]mim\hZ xphspqshZ sr p\qr _p^tk ts [qqsh^ qsk kZ

itq szk ohmkzkh{k iiiô]pZq^zk j^slu ]qhZizk h js{k omt _i[k x{p

hsZ sr k\kzqsh_r ]pqspnss^r nozr ts_r hs\pZwshk j_qz xm\pwq^zk

]hns^p m ôhmkzkhm huhim omt qsnx^tk qsk ^pjk^ slkmjhk [Zq^ sp{k

hs\mp{k ^ksmoqjmu ^pjk^r h kqsmxqjmu szk h^j^kh{k oipmwmp{k

qmk wmpZ s omsî_qjs sr jo^phr tsr _p^tkr tsZ _]^lk ns nim m ^h

o]^tshm ôh^ksp{kmks o^pqqns^pm qsmk ^ksmoqjn oipmwmp{k opnim omt [

us^p h^j^kh hsknq ôst\xZk^s j_qz sr ^pjk^r h smt kqsmxqjmu szk

]^{k qsnqm onhiq j^slu szk ôhmkzkh{k huhizk omt ^ksmoqshk j^\i{k^

qsk o^poszq sr pjk^r szk ]^{k nomt m _jo^pm ]Zqhim qj^zqk tyins^pomqmqsZ oqr m _jo^pm ]Zqhim _xmtk _k ^tpus^pm h om oimuqm ^pjk^tshn o^

p^xnj^km omt jmpZqshk j^ smtr js_r smtr on smtr pxZpmtr

opmuq _p^tk jr ôsp_o^ k kmlmtj^ sm ]pnjm \ j ]]hsh ii\ opmr

sk ôtjs hsûtkq sk kZostl h hii_p\^ szk qsps\h{k h^j^khr hs

knqr ]ns ^pjk^ smt s qtj[k^ qsr îikh_r sZl^r opmhuos^ on sk ^l^]h^t

j_k \k{q pnkm j^ sm xpnkm mp`^s onqsq omt toZpx^ j^slu osq^zk szk

^ho]^tsh{k ]ptjZszk h sîh{k omsî^qjZszk szk js{k \ tsn h kZitq

sr hj^pkr ^ho]^tshr opZlr qsm qxmihn o^p[Ziimk j^ssp_o^s q^ j^`mtqr

qjqr ^p^tkshn ^p\i^m \ k j^{q^ sk ^k in\z onqsq

,XJR[`` R Z]_ \RZRXX_ `Y \R`RX R JZXXm

:R ]X`R \]Z^JJR^ ^ X`RR_ R \[R_ \R`RX

\]`ZQR_

Documents

Βιβλίο Περιλήψεων 1ου Συνεδρίου ΙΑΚΕ