初三英语总复习 (1)名词

下列单词的词性

Mr.Smith, Singapore, Asia,March, Wednesday, the Summer

Palace,Boy, day, book, water, food, news

名词的功能：名词在句中主要作主语、表语或宾语；也可作宾语补足语、同位语、定语或状语。

1. My father works in a hospital.

2. John is my cousin. 3. He gave a book to me. 4. Mary, his sister is in America. 5. The bus driver works very hard. 6.Wait a minute.

名词(Noun)一、名词的定义：

表示某样东西、某个人、某种物体的名字的词叫名词。 (story, Mike, book…)

三、名词的分类

（一）专有名词和普通名词

Grandma; my grandma

Shanghai; our city

March; this month

China; the great country

the Summer Palace; an ancient palace

（二）可数名词和不可数名词1 、可数名词的单复数之分eg ： a magazine—magazines ， a university—universities ， an hour—hours an uncle—uncles an honest boy—honest boys

1. coin toy month bee

2. class box church brush

3. tomato potato radio kilo

4. city country factory toy

coins toys months bees

classes boxes churches brushes

tomatoes potatoes radios kilos

cities countries factories toys

可数名词复数形式的构成 : ( 表一 )

5. shelf thief knife wife

6. man woman mouse child

foot tooth Chinese sheep

shelves thieves knives wives

可数名词复数形式的构成 : ( 表二 )

men women mice children

feet teeth Chinese sheep

More: heroes mangoes photos UFOs videos pianos zoos humans walkmans Germans Frenchman-Frenchmen fisherman-fishermen Englishman-Englishmen

其他单复数同形： Japanese-Japanese deer-deer fish-fish

eg ： a bottle of water two bottles of water a piece of news much money a bit of time huge amounts of information a great deal of pollution （ a ） little food

2 、不可数名词的数量表达

常见不可数名词常用物质名词： metal, wood, wool, cotton ，

snow, water, air ,rain food, bread, milk, etc.

常用抽象名词： love, fun, health, work, advice, information, news, pollution , weather time, money, etc.

部分名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词

不可数 可数experience 经验 experience 经历 an

experienceglass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜room 空间 rooms 房间chicken 鸡肉 Chicken 小鸡fish 鱼肉 fish(es) 各种鱼Paper 纸 papers 报纸、论文、试卷coffee/beer/tea two coffees/beers/teas咖啡、啤酒、茶 两杯咖啡、啤酒、茶

3. 可数名词的数量表达：eg ： a pair of jeans ， a group of people, (a)few relatives ， a couple of days ， one of the students ， hundreds of years ， thousands of boys ， five thousand yearsa large number of passengers ， many times ，

另：可同时修饰可数名词及不可数名词的词和词组： eg ： some work/ computers ， a lot of/lots of news/ reporters ， plenty of milk/ books, enough food/ rooms

四、名词的所有格 （一）以’ s 构成的所有格

2. 表示时间、距离、量度、国家、城市、地区等名词eg ： New Year’s Day ， today’s news ， China’s china ， twenty minutes’ walk

1. 有生命的名词eg ： Alice’s birthday ， the teachers’office ， Children’s Day ， Mary and Tony’s father ， Tom’s And Tim’s fathers

五、注意 1. actor—actress ， waiter-waitress

（二）以 of 构成的所有格eg ： a picture of my family ， the legs of the table ，

a friend of Kitty’s ， one of the actresses ，

the front gate of the City Hall

2. a man nurse—some men nurses

a woman doctor—some women doctors

3. a boy student—ten boy students

考点扫描一、 Choose the best answer.

( )1.They want three _______.

A. loaf bread B. loaf of bread

C. loaves bread D. loaves of bread

( )2.____that pair of new ____ expensive?

A. Is; shoe B. Are; shoe C. Is; shoes D. Are; shoes

( )3.There are many ____ in the fridge.

A. food B. fruit C. eggs D. bread

( )4.There is only a little ____ in the fridge.That’s not

enough for breakfast.

A. cakes B. bread C. eggs D. biscuits

D

C

C

B

( )5.They got much ____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories( )6.I’ve read ____ sports news about the F1 race today. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of( )7.Mr.Lin often gives us ____ by e-mail. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information ( )8.Linda, I’ve bought many ____. Now let’s make the birthday cake. A. fresh eggs B. chocolate milk C. frozen food D. rice dumplings

C

D

A

A

二、 Fill in the blanks 1. A bus ______(drive) is responsible for the safety of his passengers.2.Wanghai, come and meet Mr.Li, ________(manage) of the hotel.3.Was the first watch made in ________(German) ?4.I’m from _______ (Chinese).5.Are there any taxi ________(serve) in the small town?6._______(healthy) is more important to me than money.7. More people are getting to know the _________ (important) of environmental protection.

manager

Germany

Chinaservices

Healthimportance

driver

8.Some famous ________ (science)are going to give lectures in our university in August.9.Patrick is going to be a(n)________ (engine) when he grows up.10. The most famous ___________(amusing) park in the world is Disneyland. 11.It’s a ________ (pleased) to have a picnic with all the family members.12.Mr.Chen was surprised to see the fast __________(develop) in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.13.Feng Ai’s love and _________ (kind) will always be remembered by her students and their parents in Yunnan.

scientists

engineer

pleasure

development

kindness

amusement

常见用法：two hundred students hundreds of studentsOne-third of the students are boys. One-third of the water is clean.a ten-year-old boyThe boy is ten years old. old 为形容词 It is ten minutes’ walk. walk 为名词It is a ten-minute walk

冠词 (Article)冠词 不定冠词 ( 泛指 ): a, an

定冠词 ( 特指 ): the冠词在句中或名词前作定语

一 . 不定冠词的基本用法

1. 泛指一个或一类人或物 : eg: He is an honest boy.

2. 用于固定词组的搭配和习惯用语中 :eg: have a good time, in a hurry, have a break…

二 . 定冠词的基本用法1. I have a cat. The cat is white. 用来再指上文中所 出现过的名词2. The lady in black is our English teacher. 用于特指 某人 , 某事或某物3. Excuse me, where is the bank? 用于谈话双方所共指的4. The Nile is the longest river in the world. 用于形容词 最高级前5. Our classroom is on the fifth floor. 用于序数词前6. The sun is far bigger than the earth. 用于宇宙中 独一无二的

7. The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 用于江河 , 海洋 , 山脉前

8. Pudong is in the east of Shanghai. 用于方位前9. I practise the piano every day. 用于乐器前10.We should help the poor. 用于形容词前表示一类人11.The Science Museum is beside the People’s Square.

用于普通名词构成的专有名词前12. in the morning, in the end, by the way,

at the moment, go to the beach …

用于一些习惯用语中

三 . 不用冠词的情况 :

1. 学科名词前 We study maths, Chinese, English and so on.

2. 日期 , 节日前 December 25th is Christmas.

3. 月份 , 星期前 I was born in July.

4. 在 this, those, my, whose, next, last, some, any,

every, each 等词前

5. 在不可数名词前 Snow is white.

6. 在一日三餐前 What do we have for breakfast?

7. 在球类运动前 We play football after school every day.

8. 在人名 , 称呼 , 职务等前 What can I do for you, Madam?

9. 在国名 , 地名 , 路名等前 Tim is from Canada. He now

lives at Flat 302, Sixth Street, New York, USA.10. 在一些固定词组中 eg: by train, by motorcycle, at night, after class,

at home, in trouble, go to church, go to bed…

1 、选择不定冠词 a 或 an ，不是按照冠词后的字母，而 是按后面字母的读音是否元音来确定： a useful book ， a uniform ， a UFO, a university an hour ， an honest girl ， an unusual day

注意：

2 、定冠词 the+ 姓 +s 常用于指一家人，后面动词用复数。 The Browns are watching the match on TV now 。

3 、用 by+ 交通工具 / 通讯工具名词时不用冠词。 by car ， by train ， by phone ， by post ， by e-mail

4 、冠词不能和形容词性物主代词连用。 my first visit ， his fifth birthday, his other hand…

常见用法：an hour an uncle an honest boy an 8-year-old an “l” in the word “girl” boy an+ 字母 ① a e i o ( 元音字母除 u) ②f l m n s x ③ h ra UFO a university a one-yuan stamp

the sun/moon/earth the east the tallest boy the first daythe Huangpu River the Great Wallthe girl in red the high jum

history Lesson One Tom monitor of Class 3 by busBeijing Yangpu Park play basketball at school

区别：go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去go to college 上大学 go to the college 到大学去go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 到医院去go to church 做礼拜 go to the church 到教堂去

in front of 在……前面 in the front of 在……前部

at table 进餐 at the table 在桌边

in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院，表示地点

考点扫描Choose the best answer:( )1._____Great Wall is ____ longest wall in the world. A. The, the B. A, a C. A, the D. The, a( )2.Who’s ____ woman over there? A. / B. the C. a D. an( )3.Shanghai is in ______ east of China. A. / B. an C. a D. the( )4.I can see a little white sheep in the field. _____ sheep is Nancy’s. A. A B. The C. An D. /( )5._____ old lady in brown is ____ university professor. A. An, a B. An, / C. The, an D. The, a

A

B

D

B

D

( )6.Did you enter for ____ high jump or ___ 400-meter race? A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the( )7.More college graduates would like to work in ____ west part of our country ______ next year. A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, /( )8.The scientists from ___ United States live in ___ Ninth Street. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /( )9.There is ____ report in today’s newspaper. It’s about the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival. A. a B. an C. the D. /

D

D

D

A

( ) 10.My mother often reads morning papers before going to ____ work.

A. the B. an C. a D./

( ) 11.You should take _____ active part in sports to keep healthy. A. a B./ C. an D. the

( ) 12. Mike’s dream is to go _______ college when he grows up. A. the B. a C. an D./

( ) 13.Where is Lily? She’s gone to______ hospital to visit her grandma who has been ill for two months.

A. the B. an C. a D./

( ) 14. Who is in ________ charge of our class? Miss Wang, our class teacher. A. the B. an C. a D./

( ) 15.The Smiths often go to ________ church on Sundays. A. the B. an C. a D./

D

C

D

A

D

A

Thanks!And hope you enjoy it!