បេតុងពង្រឹងដោយដែក 18 xviii-stairs

8/11/2019 18 xviii-stairs

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T.Chhay NPIC

karKNnasMrab;kMlaMgrmYl 534

XVIII. CeNIr

Stairs

1> esckIepIm Introduction

RKb;GKarTaMgGs;TaMgTab nigx1.


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TMhMFmtarbs;kMBs;kaMnigCMhankaMenAkgGKarEdlTak;Tgnwg empirical rule xH.

mm430runRise =+ mm356run2Rise =+

205.0runRise m= kMBs;kaMGaRsynwgRbePTGKar. ]TahrN_sMrab;GKarsaFarN kMBs;kaMKWRbEhl cm15

b:uEnsMrab;GKarsak;enAvaERbRbYlcenaH cm15 eTA cm19 . CMhankaMKWRbEhl cm25 enAkgGKarsaFarN nigERbRbYlcenaH cm23 eTA cm32 sMrab;GKarsak;enA. CaTUeTA kMBs;kaMminRtUvFMCag

cm20 nigminRtUvtUcCag cm10 ehIycMnYnkMBs;kaM)anBIkarEckTMhMCan;eTACan;rbs;GKarnwgkMBs;kaM

sn

t;. kargarbegIyrbs;kaMCeNIrman f

dus (troweling Alundum grit) kar:Uasphalt kar:Uterrazzokar:Umarble bRBM. bEnmBIelIbnkefr CeNIrRtUv)anKNnasMrab;bnkGefrGb,brma 2/8.4 mkN .

2> RbePTCeNIr Types of Stairs

eKmanCeNIrCaeRcInRbePTEdlGaRsyCacMbgeTAnwgRbePT nigtYnaTIrbs;GKar nigGaRsyeTAelItMrUvkarsabtkm. RbePTCeNIrFmtabMputmandUcxageRkam

!> Single-flight stair kareFVIkarrbs;rcnasm2. RbsinebIFwmTaMgBIrenHminRtUv)andak;enaHRbEvgElVgCeNIrnwgekIneLIgedaysarTTwgrbs;fasBIrEdllatsnwgcenaHA nigD. enAkgGKarsak;enATTwgfasKWsitenAcenaH m2.1 eTA m8.1 ehIycMgaysrubcenaH A nig D KWRbEhl m6 .

viFIepSgeTotkgkarRT Single-flight stairKWRtUveRbIstringer bFwmxag (edge beam)enARCugBIrtambeNayCeNIr. kaMRtUv)anRtedayFwm rUbTI18>3.@> Double-flight stair GkeRbInwgmanlkNgayRsYlkgkareRbIR)as;GKarEdlman double-

flight stair. RbePTEdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as;CaTUeTAKWRbePT quarter-turn rUbTI18>4nigclosed-well stairbopen-well stairdUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 18>5. sMrab;karviPaKeRKOgbgMCeNIr tYmYyRtUv)anKitdUc single-flight ehIyRtUv)anBicarNaedayRTenAelIFwmBIr beRcIn

dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 18>2. fasCeNIrlatsnwgkugTisedATTwgcenaHTMrBIr ehIyRtUv)an


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KNnadUc one-way slab. kgkrNIopen-well stair EpkkNalrbs;fasCeNIrRTbnkeBjcMENksgagBIrRTbnkEtBak;kNal dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI18>5 d. bnkBak;kNaleTot

RtUv)anRTenAkgTisbeNayedaytYCeNIr muxkat;A-Anig B-B.

#> Three or more flight of stair kgkrNIxH EdlTMhMTaMgmUlrbs;CeNIrRtUv)ankMNt; three ormore flight of stairGacRtUv)anTTYlyk rUbTI 18>6. tYCeNIrmYyRtUv)anKitdac;eday

ELkBIKadUckgkrNIdouble-flight staircase.


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$> Cantilever stair RtUv)aneRbICaTUeTAsMrab;CeNIr fire-escape stair ehIyvaRtUv)anRTedayCBaaMg bFwmebtug. CeNIrRbePTenHGac full-flight EdltYCeNIrQrelIEtCBaaMgmag nigGachalf-flight EdltYCeNIrQrelICBaaMgsgag bRbePT semispiral dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI18>7.

enAkgCeNIrRbePTenH kaMnImYyeFVIkarCaFwm cantilever ehIyEdkemRtUv)andak;enAkgtMbn;rgkarTajnCMhankaM nigEdkRtUv)anf8. FwmmanCMraldUctYCeNIr ehIyEpkxagelIrbs;FwmGnuBaateGaykaMCeNIrKgelI. kgkrNICaeRbIkaMebtugGaem:rcak;eRscGacRtUv)aneRbI CamYy

nwgkarpl;BiesssMrab;rwtbULgedIm,IPab;kaMeTAnwgFwm.


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%> Precast flights of stair el,nkgkarsagsg;enAkgKMeragxHtMrUveGayeRbIprecast flights ofstairrUbTI18>8. tYCeNIrGacRtUv)ancak;edayELk ehIybnab;mkRtUv)anPab;eTAnwgfasCeNIrEdlcak;enAnwgkEng. kgkrNIepSgeTot tYCeNIrrYmTaMgfasCeNIr RtUv)ancak;nigbnab;mkdak;enAelICBaaMg bFwmTMr. vaRtUv)anKNnaCakMralxNmYyTisEdlmanTMrsamBa


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CamYynwgEdkemenA)at waist rbs;CeNIr. brimaNEdkRKb;RKan;RtUv)andak;enAelItMN dUcbgajenAkgrUbTI18>9.

TMBk;RtUv)aneKeFVIedIm,IkargarelIkdak;nigtMeLIg. EdkBiessRtUvdak;enARtg;muxkat;eRKaHfak;edIm,ITb;nwgkugRtaMgTajEdlekItmanenAkgCeNIrkgdMNak;karelIkdak;.

^> Free standing stair sMrab;CeNIrRbePTenH fasCeNIrsitenAkgxl;edayKanTMrenAxagcug rUbTI18>10. CeNIreFVIkarkglkNCakaelat (springboard)

EdlbegItCakugRtaMg rmYlenAkgkMralxN.


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RbBnnkardak;bnkbIRbePT RtUv)anykmkBicarNakgkarKNnaCeNIrRbePTenHedayKitBicarNafam:Um:g;rmYlnwgekItmanenAkgkMralRKb;lkxN- enAeBlbnkGefreFVIGMeBIEtenAelItYCeNIrxagelInigBak;kNalfas rUbTI18>12

tYCeNIrxagelInwgrgnUvkMlaMgTajbEnmBIelIm:Um:g;Bt;EttYCeNIrxageRkamnwgrgnUv

kMlaMgsgt; EdlGacbegItCakMlaMgPat;(buckling)enAkgkMral .- enAeBlbnkGefreFVIGMeBIEtenAelItYCeNIrxageRkam nigBak;kNalfas tYCeNIrxag

elInwgrgkMlaMgTaj EttYCeNIrxageRkamnwgrgm:Um:g;Bt;nigkMlaMgsgt;.- enAeBlbnkGefreFVIGMeBIenATaMgelItYCeNIrxagelI nigxageRkam kardak;bnkenAelI

tYCeNIrmYynwgbNaleGaytYrCeNIrmYyeTotrmYl. kugRtaMgrmYlekItenAkgCeNIrTamTarsrsEdkRKb;RKan;enAkgpTaMgsgagrbs;CeNIr nigfas. srsEdkTTwg

enAkgkMral nigfasRtUv)andak;enAkgpTaMgsgagrbs;ebtugkgTMrg;CaEdlGkSr U


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biTCit enABak;kNalTTwgrbs;CeNIr. srsEdklMGitRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI18>13.

sabtkrcUlcitCeNIrRbePTenH ehIyCeNIrRbePTenHeBlxHRtUv)aneKehAfapliers-shaped staircasebjackknife staircase.


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&> Run-riser stair CaRbePTCeNIrEdlpSMeLIgedaycMnYn kMBs;kaMnigCMhankaMCaeRcInEdlPab;Kaedaypal;y:agrwgedayKankMral waist rUbTI18>14a. CeNIrRbePTenHTTYl

karcab;Garm

N_edaysabtkredaysarrUbragxageRkArbs;va. karviPaKeRKOgbgMrbs;run-riser stairGacRtUv)ansMrYledaysnt;fa\TiBlrbs;kMlaMgtamGkSRtUv)anecal nigsnt;fabnkenAelICMhankaMnImYyRtUv)anRbmUldak;enAxagcugrbs;CMhankaMrUbTI 18>14b. sMrab;karviPaKntYCeNIrEdlRTedayTMrsamBaedayBicarNatYCeNIrsamBanCMhankaMBIr ABCEdlrgnUvbnkcMcMnuc PenARtg;cMnuc BrUbTI18>14b. edaysartMN BnigBCatMNrwg m:Um:g;enARtg;tMN BesIm:Um:g;enARtg;tMN Bb 'BB MM =

2/PS= Edl SCaTTwgrbs;CMhankaM. m:Um:g;enAkgkMBs;kaM 'BB mantMlefr ehIyes

Inwg 2/PS .

enAeBlEdlKankMBs;kaMCeNIr ABCeFVIkarCaFwmTMrsamBaehIym:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaEdlekItmanenAkNalElVgCamYytMl 2/4/ PSPLMB == . sMrab;tYCeNIrEdlpSMeLIgedaykMBs;kaMnigCMhankaMeRcIn viFIdUcKaRtUv)aneRbIdaRkamm:Um:g;Bt;RtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 18> 15 a. m:Um:g;enAkg 'BB mantMlefrsInwgm:Um:g;enARtg;tMN B b PS2 .

dUcKa PSMM CC 3' == / PSMM DD 3' == nig PSMM EE 2' == .RbsinebImanvtmanfasCeNIrenAcugmag bcugsgag bnkenAelIfaskRtUv)anRbmUl

CabnkcMcMnucdUckrNICMhankaMEdr.karviPaKrcnasm15b. ]TahrN_TI18>3 bgajBIkarKNnaCeNIredayeRbIkarsnt;BIr KWbnkcMcMnuc nigbnkBRgayesI.

RbsinebItYCeNIrRtUv)anbgb;bCab;enAcugmag bcugTaMgBIr m:Um:g;GacRtUv)anTTYledayeRbIviFIviPaKeRKOgbgMNamYyk)an. edIm,IBnl;krNIenH cat;TuktYCeNIrEdlpSMeLIgedayCMhankaMBIr nigRtUvbgb;enAcugTaMgBIr rUbTI18>16 a. m:Um:g;enAcugbgb;A nig B EdlbNalBIbnkenARtg;B esInwg 4/8/ PSPL = . lTplenHRtUv)anTTYledaysnt;faCeNIrminmankMBs;kaMABCeFVIkarCaFwmbgb;cugEdlrgnUvbnkcMcMnucenAkNalElVgrUbTI18>16b. m:Um:g;enAkNalElVg muxkat;B esInwg

4424PSPSPSMPL A ==


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m:Um:g;Bt;ntYCeNIrEdlmankMBs;kaMmYyRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI18>16 a. cMNaMfam:Um:g;enAkgkMBs;kaM 'BB mantMlefr ehIy 4/' PSMM BB == .

sMrab;tYCeNIrEdlmanlkNsIuemRTI cugbgb;TaMgsgag ehIyrgnUvbnkcMcMnucenARtg;cMnucCMhankaMm:Um:g;enAcugbgb;GacRtUvKNnadUcxageRkam

( ) )1(12

endfixed 2 = nPS

M

Edl =P bnkcMcMnucenARtg;cMnucCMhankaM=S TTwgCMhankaM=n cMnYnCMhankaM

enAeBl 2=n enaH ( ) ( )4

1412

endfixed PSPSM ==

EdllTpldUcnwglTplTTYl)anBIxagedIm.RbsinebImanfasCeNIrenAcugmag bcugsgag bnkenAelIfasCeNIrGacRtUv)an

dak;CabnkcMcMnucenAKMlat S.*> Helical stair (open-spiral stair) CaRbePTeRKOgbgMbITMhM EdlCaTUeTAmanragCargVg;enA

kgbg;rUbTI 18>17. vaCaRbePTCeNIrEdleKeRbIenAkgentrance hall, theater foyer

nigGKarkariyalyEdlmankMBs;Tab. tMlrbs;vafCagCeNIrRbePTFm

ta.CeNIrGacRtUv)anRTenARCugxHEdlCab;nwgCBaaMg bGacKNnaCa free-standing

helical staircaseEdlTTYlkareBjniymCaeK. eRkamGMeBIrbs;bnk tYCeNIrGacrgnUvkugRtaMgrmYl. tYCeNIrxagelInwgrgnUvkugRtaMgTaj cMENkkugRtaMgsgt;ekItmanenAEpkxageRkamrbs;CeNIr. kMlaMgEdleFVIGMeBIenARtg;muxkat;NamYyGacpSMeLIgedaym:Um:g;

bBar m:Um:g;edk m:Um:g;rmYl kMlaMgtamGkSkMlaMgkat;TTwgEdlkat;waist

rbs;CeNIr nigkMlaMg radial horizontal shearing force. EdkbeNayempSMeLIgedayEdk helical barEdldak;enAkg waist rbs;CeNIr nigCMhankaMBIfasxagelIeTATMrxageRkam. EdkTTwgRtUvEtmanTMrgCaEdkkgbiTCitedIm,ITb;kugRtaMgrmYl bCaTMrg;EdkGkSr UpbKadak;enAkNalTTwgrbs;CeNIr.


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viFIepSgeTotsMrab;pl;eGay helical stairKWeRbIFwm helical girderenAkNalTTwgrbs;CeNIr. kaMnImYyRtUv)anKitCaFwm cantileverehIyEdkRtUv)andak;enAEpkxagelI

rbs;kaM.


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]TahrN_TI 8>

KNnaCeNIrdUcbgajenAkgrUbTI18>18 edIm,IRTbnkGefrBRgayesI2/8.4 mkN . snt;kMBs;kaMesInwg cm15 ehIyCMhankaMesInwg cm30 . eKeGay MPaf c 21' = nigMPafy 400= .

dMeNaHRsay

1>

bnk sn

t;kMras;kMral waist es

Inwg cm10 .TMgn;rbs;kaMmYy 25arealtrapezoida =

mkN/4.1253.02

2618.01118.0=

+=

eyagtamrUbTI18>18bsnt;TMgn;kargarbegIyEdlRKbBIelIkaMCeNIrKW mkN/3.0 .dUcenHbnkefrsrub mkNLD /7.1.. =

mkNLDWu /35.43.08.46.17.12.16.12.1 =+=+=


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T.Chhay NPIC


2>m:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaenAkgmYykaMKW 2/2lWu

mkNMu .05.78.12

35.4 2 ==

kMras;mFmrbs;kaMCeNIrKW cm68.182

18.2618.11 =

+ .


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T.Chhay NPIC


yk cmd 1.166.0268.18 ==

=

2

adfAM ysu snt; mma 5.12=

26

127

2

5.121614009.0

1005.7mmAs =

=

RtYtBinit mmbf

fAa

c

ys5.9

3002185.0

400127

'85.0=

== mantMlRbEhlkarsnt;

brimaNEdkGb,brma ( )( ) 216116130000333.0 mmAs == eRbI 122DB sMrab;mYykaM. kMras;kMralGacyktUcCagkarsnt;enH b:uEnedIm,IeCosvagPaB

dabFM nigPaBrMjrrbs;CeNIr eKRtUveRCIserIskMras;kMralsmrm.3>

KNnakMlaMgkat;enAcMgay dBIpTMr

( ) kNVu 13.7161.08.135.4 == ( ) kNbdfV cc 7.271016130021

6

75.0'

6

75.0 3 ===

edaysarEt 2/cu VV < dUcenHeKminRtUvkarEdkkgeT. b:uEneKRtUvdak;Edkkg100@10DB edIm,IcgCamYyEdkembeNay.

4>

CeNIrRtUvrkSalMnwgedayTMgn;rbs;CBaaMg bedayFwmebtugGarem:enAkgCBaaMg. kgkrNIenHFwmrgnUvm:Um:g;rmYl mmkN /.05.7 .

5>srsrEdklMGitRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 18>18.]TahrN_TI 8>2KNnaCeNIrdUcbgajenAkgrUbTI 18>19 EdlRTbnkGefrBRgayesI

2/7.5 mkN . snt;kMBs;kaMesInwg cm18 ehIyCMhankaMesInwg cm5.27 . eKeGay MPaf c 21' = nig MPafy 400= .dMeNaHRsay

1>

RbBneRKOgbgM RbsinebIeKmineRbIFwm stringerenaH eKGacTTYlykdMeNaHRsaymYykgcMeNam dMeNaHRsaybYnEdl)anbgajenAkgrUbTI 18>2. enAeBlTMrkNalminRtUv)aneRbItYCeNIrRtuv)anRTenAxagcugnfasCeNIrxagelInigxageRkam. RbBnrcnasm


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c. EdkTTwgRtUv)andak;edIm,ITb;karrYmmaD236020010000018.0 mmAs ==

eRbIEdk 12DB EdlmanKMlat mm300 2377mmAs = d. RbsinebICeNIrnigFwmEdlRTvaRtUv)ancak;CamYyKa EdkbEnmRtUv)andak;enAEpkxagelI

nigEpkxageRkamrbs;fasCeNIr. srsEdklMGitRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI18>19.4>kMras;kMralxNGb,brmasMrab;karBarPaBdabKW

mL

208.025

2.5

25== sMrab;kMralxNTMrsamBa

kgkrNIEdlbgajenATIenH edaysarcugkMraltYCeNIrRtUv)ancak;CamYynwgFwmEdlRTva

ehIymandak;EdkbEnmsMrab;m:Um:g;GviCman enaHkMras;kMralGb,brmaGacRtUv)ansn

t;es

Inwgmm

L2.0186.0

28

KNnafasCeNIr edayBicarNafasCeNIrkgRbEvgTTwg m1 bnkenAelIfasCeNIRtUv)anbgajenAkgrUbTI18>20. EpkkNal m6.0 RTbnkeBj EtEpksgag m5.1 RTbnkEtBak;kNal.

m:Um:g;Bt; mkN.08.1526.0

32.1605.15.116.88.115.17

2

==

edaysarEdkenAkgfasCeNIrRtUv)andak;enABIelIEdkCeNIrem enah

mmd 4.1676.01220200 == edaysnt; mma 10=

( )2

6

25854.1674009.0

1008.15mmAs =

= 2574(min) mmAs =<

eRbIEdk 12DB KMlat mm180 2628mmAs = 6>

FwmTTwgenAcugfasCeNIrRtUv)anKNnaedayeGayRTbnkBICeNIr mkN/42.34 bEnmBIelIbnkpal;rbs;va nigbnkrbs;CBaaMgEdlenABIelIva.

7>

RtYtBinitkMlaMgkat;dUcFmta.


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]TahrN_TI 8>3KNnaCeNIr run-riser stairEdlRTedayTMrsamBadUcbgajenAkgrUbTI18>21sMrab;RTbnkGefrBRgayesI 2/7.5 mkN . eKeGay MPaf c 21' = nig MPafy 400= .

dMeNaHRsay

1>bnk snt;kMras;rbs;CMhankaM nigkMBs;kaMesInwg cm15 .

bnkcMcMnucenAelICMhankaMnImYyRtUv)anKNnadUcxageRkam eyagtamrUbTI18>21a

.edayKitkg m1 TTwgrbs;CeNIr

( ) kNPD 6.12515.0025.04.015.0 =+= cMNaMfa bnkefrcMcMnucenAelIfasCeNIrmantMltUcCag kN6.1 buEnvaGacRtUv)ansnt;esInwg DP edaykarKNnay:agsMrYl. KitbnkGefrenAelITTwgCeNIr m1 ehIyRbmUlvaCabnkcMcMnuc enaHeK)an

kNPL

425.125.07.5 ==


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bnkemKuN kNPPP LDu 2.4425.16.16.12.16.12.1 =+=+= 2>

KNnam:Um:g;Bt;enAkNalElVg bnkenAkg]TahrN_enHmanlkNsIuemRTIeFobnwgkNal

ElVgRtg;muxkat;B . Rbtikm

enARtg;cMnuc A kNRA 5.312.4

2

15==

m:Um:g;enARtg;cMnucB ( ) ( )SPSR uA 478 =

( ) ( ) mkN.6.3325.042.4725.085.31 == 3>KNnasrsEdkcaM)ac;enARtg;muxkat;kNalElVg sMrab; cmh 15= / 12525150 ==d

MPa

bd

MR uu 15.2

1251000

106.332

6

2 =

==

sMrab; MPaf c 21' = / MPafy 400= nig 15.2=uR enaHPaKryEdkKW0135.00064.0 max=21 c.

4>

m:Um:g; nigsrsEdkEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;muxkat;muxkat;epSgeTotRtUv)aneFVICataragdUcxageRkamTItaMg A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

)..(. mkNMB 0 7.88 14.7 20.48 25.2 28.88 31.5 33.08 33.6

)(MPaRu 0 0.5 0.94 1.31 1.61 1.85 2.02 2.12 2.15

( )% 0 0.14 0.27 0.38 0.47 0.55 0.60 0.63 0.64

( )2mmAs 0 175 338 475 588 688 750 788 800

eRbIEdk 200@12DB sMrab;fas nig 150@12DB sMrab;kaMCeNIr. sMrab;2588mmAs = eRbIEdk 200@12DB enAkgfasCeNIr. karlMGitsrsEdkRtUv)anbgaj

enAkgrUbTI 18>21 c.


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5>RtYtBinitbrimaNEdkcaM)ac;enAkgTisTTwgrbs;fas bnkenAelIfaskgmYyktaRbEvgKW

mkN/8.1625.0

2.4= dUcenH

mkNMu .2.276.38

8.16 2 ==

MPaRu 74.11251000

102.272

6

=

=

0051.0= 2638mmAs = eRbIEdk 175@12DB 2646mmAs =

6> RbsinebIbnkBRgayesIRtUv)ansnt;famanGMeBIelItYCeNIr eKnwgTTYl)anlTplRsedogKa.

]TahrN_bnkemKuNcMcMnucEdl)anKNnaKW kN2.4 manGMeBIelITTwgCMhankaM m25.0 . dUcenHbnkkgmYyktaRbEvgKW mkN/8.1625.0/2.4 = . m:Um:g;GtibrmaenAkNalElVgRtg;muxkat;B

mkNMu .6.3348

8.16 2 ==

m:Um:g;enAmuxkat;dTEtotGacRtUv)anKNnay:agRsYl ehIykarKNnaGacRtUv)anerobcMCataragdUcBnl;kgCMhan 4.


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បេតុងពង្រឹងដោយដែក 18 xviii-stairs