41.2.3.4.

gene)() DNARNA 111 RNA7P27

1. PhenotypegenetypeLeu+Leu-Leu+Leu- 2.allele 1222DNA

3. 4. 5. 6.

structural gene mRNArRNAtRNADNA

genome 11112111 3

1. RNA polRNARNADNARNA 2. proteintRNAmRNA 1110

DNAprotein

()prokaryote DNAprotein1 eukaryote2

11

1.2.RNA pol DNA pol DNA compt 1.2. 3.

100Britten-Davidsen RNA pol

1 2

1house keeping geneconstitute expression 2indutioninducible genes

60JacobMonodE.coli adaptive enzymeLac operon1 1 11111 1.operon 1mRNACAP

2. P-O

1(inciduble operon)(induction)(inducer)2(repressible operon)(repression)(corepressor)

DNADNA H1H2H1H21.h2h12.h2h1rh1h1H13.h2-rh1 DNA4.105111

DNA h2-rh1H2-H1995bp IRLIRR 995bppalindiomeinvertedrepeat sequenceDNA14bp hin hin995bp995bpPh2h2h2-rh1H2-h1h1995bpPh2h2h2-rh1h1 h1h2

RNA pol: 1. 2.DNAmRNA 3. mRNA

1.2.

1.promoter2.sigma DNADNADNARNA pol RNA pol2,

E.coli40~60bp321 +1O2 RNA pol -10bpATTATAboxpribnow3 -35RNApol1PRPDNA2RNA polP2E.coli42~50 32KD 32 32rpohhipR

-10-3570

4DNAmRNA5Pheat shock responseE.coil. 32,

3. negative-actingproreinrepressor1OPOPODNARNA polOmRNARNA pol P2,effector 4. positive prateactivator21CAP* 2ntrc* ntrc

21inducer2corepressorO*1CAP-catabolic gene activator protein*2Ntrc-Ecolinitrogen metabolismntrB

5.inversion proteinsite-speciFic recombinotion enzymeDNA6.RNA pol-stringent respsnse RNA polRNA polRNArRNA,tRNA tRNAATPpppGpp(-5)ppGpp-4-RNA pol ppGpp-RNA pol RNA pol rRNAtRNA RNA pol rRNAtRNA

7.teminator 33212 127-20bp216~24bp1G,C 1GC226~8ATbp 8.rho() 6 1 2 NTPaseNTPRNA pol

DNARNA pol RNA9.attenuator

RNA polRNARNARNADNADNARNA pol GCRNA polread through

1. 1 -2~3500010005~10% + 2 6019961975

2Lactose operon Lac operon

CAPCAP1122

G- GGLac operonGLac operonG G G cAmp GcAmpcAmpCAPCAPCAPRNA polP CAPCAMP-CAPGG

Arac-CParc PBAD-IO1O2-B-LisomeraseA-LkinaseD-L4opimeraseI-

2 1 Ara operonCAPAracAra15EcoliAra3Ara5 2Ara operon

3 aracaraBAD AraC2CindCrep AraAraCind+AraaraBAD araC AraAraCrep araBADaraC Ara operon Lac operonGcAmp-CAP araCaraBAD Ara operonCindCAMP-CAPCrep Ara

AraAraCreparaO2IDNAaraBAD AraAra+AraCcAMP-CAPCAParaBADaracaraCCindO1C araBADCindBAD

1.3

(1) RNA poloperonDNA1mRNA(2)1operon DNAPmRNAPRNA(3)2 RNA pol1operon1operon2operon

1

2.2+1 2 1 2 33 attenutor,A1 AmRNA31 RNA polRNA pol Trp operon

(trp operoon)1.Trp operon

2.1TrpO2Trp operon TrpTrp Trpfecdback inhibition TrpROR12.5KD42044OTrp4O Ptrp-10-35-10TrpORNA pol

3ATrp operon Trp operon1/70Lac operon1/1000Trp operonLac operonTrp aL

aLE30~60bp4GC8UTrp3,42UGGTrp6700bp

aL 2UGG 4122.33.4GC1.2>2.3>3.4 348U comptaLRNA polaL+90aL TrpTrp-tRNA121.2,2.33.4RNA pol

TrpTrp-tRNA12Trp2334RNAEDCBA aL TrpmRNAEDCBATrp Trp122

compt, SD 1.SDSD Sequence,SDs mRNAAuG3~10bp1RbSSD 1SDsAGGAGG 2mRNAAuG4~13bpAuG4~13bp 3A16SRNAUmRNA 411AuGSDSDs

2.SD 1SDsAuG IL-2PlacSDsAuG 7IL-28IL-2500 2SDs Plac31:0.5:0.2 SDs tRNA

3.mRNASD SDsmRNA :1omrc 23srRNA((erythromycin methylase))23srRNA2057-2060GAAGA,1amrcTrp operon

2mRNA

mRNA1.2,2.3,3.4,4.3SD1SD2

423srRNA1234SD223srRNA1.22.33.4SD223srRNA

23srRNASD2

mRNA 1.3mRNA mRNAmRNAmRNAmRNA 2.mRNA mRNA 1mRNA 2mRNAmRNARNase3RNasemRNA RNasemRNA 3mRNA2~3minNTPmRNAmRNA

mRNApr.pr 1. 11pr.mRNA pr.rRNAprEcolipr553421 250pr.pr. 3pr.mRNApr. 41operonmRNA2pr1

2.RF21 3UAGUGAUAA 1tRNApr.pr. 3 RF1 UAAUAG RF2 UAAUGA RF3 RFRF2 1eIF

2RF2mRNA reading-framemRNA31Pr.311AuGAuG CCA AAA uuu cccAuG/GCA/AAA/UUU/CCCA/UGG/CAA/AAU/UUC/CC open reading-frameDNARNA 3 Pr.11 Pr mRNA53NC

mRNA 5 AUGGGG UAU CUU UGAC UAC GAC 3 NH2 Gly Tyr Leu Asp --Tyr -- Asp---COOH 25 315(AA) RF2340Pr.125AAAUG315AA+11 RF221UU26AAASP2RF2UGA25AA 15RF2mRNA 1523 24 25 26 27 28

RF2 RF2A25UGARF2 RF2 RF2mRNA25AA UGA RF21U 25AA UAG UAG1RF1RF2 25

RNA1.RNAE.coliPr.Pr.

1omPR Pr. omPF omPC2OmPR Pr. Ompc ompc mRNA ompc Pr. micF3micFompF mRNAL44SDsAUGompF mRNA42Pr.ompF.ompc5RNAmRNAmRNAmRNAmRNARNA,micRNAmRNA-interfering complementary RNA

2.RNATn101Tn10terr112Tn10

3 Tn10pinRNAPout23540bp2RNA 2RNA RNA-inRNA-outRNA-outRNA-in8Tn10 TnTnTn10RNA

DNA

DNA1. Rbc 2.gene amplification

chanrRNArDNA40002000000/500rRNAPr.

3.gene rearrangement 1 Pr.IgB Ig22DNA1064.gene modificationDNA DNA/DNA/

/121DNA DNA25CGPr3DNADNaseI

5. 1 166168bpDNA2Pr.Pr.+RNA8000~10000chromosomechromatin DNA1~15% 2Pr. Pr.histone5510H42AAPr.DNA8H1

Pr.Pr.NSerArgPrDNA3Pr.non-histon 300~600high mobility group,HMGH1H5DNA

RNA pol TATAboxconsonsus sequence25~30bpT82A97T93A85AorT100A83AorT83Pr.P

RNA pol-1 12 PDNARNA pol DNA 2 2 ,RNA pol 3I181285.8rRNAsrRNA mRNAPr.-DNATF DTATA+TATA2TFRNA polDNARNA pol P

1.TFDTATAboxPr.-DNA2.RNA polTF D-DNA3.RNA pol 3

1.trans-acting factor DNAPr.Pr. DNA8~15DNA12.3 13 DNAPr. 2 3++RNA pol+cis-acting elementDNA

3.1DNADNA-binding domain 1)zine finger motif DNA2His2cys4cys1Zn TFA9DNA5srRNA45bpRNA pol

2transcriptional activation domainDNA80~100AA13 -acidic -helix domainGlnglutamine-tich donainproproline-rich domain

--helix-loop-helix,HLH100~200AA2-1AA2AADNA-CTF/NF-1DNA-AALeucine zipper

RNA pol2PDNA RNA pol IITATATFIID+TATA RNA pol II TATA+TATAboxPr.-DNApol II pol IIPr.-DNA pol II RNA pol

1.

12 //cAMP-Pr./ Pr.SerThrSP1DNA

DNAPr.Vitelinegen,Pr.Pr.DNARNA polPr.DNAPr.2Pr.-PrPr.-Pr.C-myc Pr. Leu max Pr.

2.Pr. 1Pr. 23. RNA poltrans-acting1looping DNARNA pol 2twisting DNAPr.DNA DNA 3sliding DN4Oozing 14. combinatorial regulation TATATATA box RNA polPr.-DNA open complex

RNAmRNAtRNAtRNAposttranscription processing5 1.mRNA caping5 GpppmNPtailing AA50~200bp 1mRNA 2CBP 2mRNA 2.rRNA 3.tRNA L

mRNA 1.splicing)-mRNArRNAtRNAinterveningsequence

1Option exonexon skipping12Option intron 13Mutually exclusiveexon 21mRNA14Internal splice site

2.1Bax BaxBax/Bcl2 BaxPr.mRNA Bax 6192192AA Bax 5 218 Baz 134562151AA

2IBr NF- B B NF- BI BrNF B/I Br105KD I BrmRNA178672CPr.I Br1I Br2 21AI Br I BrNF- B

mRNAmRNA 1.3H-udR20%mRNA RNA1 2.9nm>9nm15nm 20nmgold sphereRNAtRNA5sRNA frogoocyte mRNA 3.RNA20%RNA 2Pr.RNA

GTP.MET-tRNA40S.MET-tRNAi.GTP 40S.MET-tRNAiGTPmRNA 80s.METtRNA.GTPmRNA 1.Pr. mRNAPr. Pr. mRNA5, Pr.ferritinmRNA530iron-response element 1 1regulatoryiron-binding pro 1Pr.mRNA 2

2. eIF2Pr. eIF2 eIF2() Rbc 3.5-AuG5 3 mRNA

1Pr.90%mRNA1AUGPr.25AUGAUGCAMP-CAMP-Pr.5-AUG(1)1-AUG

4.mRNA5 1517~80 21AUG540S121AUGFN5267mRNA mRNA1.1 mRNA3mRNA 2 mRNA10 ,-Pr.mRNA>10h2. 1mRNA 3AUmRNA 2Pr.mRNA3polyADNADNA1h12 mRNA

3.DNA 1mRNA3mRNA 2Pr.mRNA3Pr.3mRNA 3-Pr.mRNA3mRNA 3mRNA 4 -Pr.mRNA3Pr.mRNA3DNARNAlin-4Lin-14Pr. Lin-42RNA1221340Lin-4RNALin14mRNA3UTRmRNA

1 Pr. 1.fosmyc 2. 3. 1 2N-1AAMet.serThrAlavalcysGlyproAA12AAAAdestabilizing amino acid AAN-MetMet-tRNAN1AA N1AA/1AA

Pr.Pr. signal peptide Pr.Pr.

Pr1.1PrN5~10AAPr.H3N-Met---Leu-Leu-Leu-Val-Gly-Ile-Leu-Phe-Trp-Ala---ER21C4AAPr.ER Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu-Coo-

2.mitochondrion AAAA3~5AA1AAH3N-Met-Leu-Ser-Leu-Arg(+)---3.5AAPro-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-4. 1FAERSrc Pr.NGlyras Pr.C4cys2src Pr.ras Pr.