..>. .. . ...

--- - -'-- - .-- --=' .----=-'-' .---' .-' -= ' -- '--'-- .-'

[

/

1427 - 2006

.. . . . ......... 28

-V

` .

.... :.. ..|. :. . + [

[ __________________ ____________ [ __________________ ____________

- [ [ [ - [ - [ [ - [ [ - [ -

- -

- - - - " "- - : . - r+- 7- r [ r [ r - r- r [ r [ - rr- r [ r [ - r- : . r - +- r- r [ [ r - rw- r [ [ - - r [ [ - - r [ [ + - w- r [ [ - - r [ [ - - r [ [ - + - r [ [ - - r [ [ w - +- r [ [ r - +r- +

: + - - +w- r [ [ r - +- r [ [ - + - r [ [ - w - r [ [ + - - r [ [ - - r- : . -rr- +- r [ + [ r - - r [ + [ - wr- r [ + [ - wr wr w- r [ + [ + - w+ w+ w+ w w w- r [ + [ - w- r [ + [ - w- r [ + [ - ww r r rr rr rr r r r r r+ r+ - r [ + [ - r r r r rw rw rr rr- rrr

- : . rr -r- rr- r [ [ r - rr+ rr 117 rr rrw- r [ [ - r- r [ [ - r- r [ [ + - r+- r [ [ - r- r- rw- : rr -rw - r- r [ [ r - r r r+r- r [ [ - r+ r+ r- r [ [ - r+ r+ rr- r [ [ + - r+ r+ r- r

" " - : rw+ -r- rw- [ [ r - rw- [ [ - rw- [ [ - rw- [ [ + - r : r+ -+- [ [ [ r - r - [ [ [ - ++- - . - . - . - w - .+ - ) r ( ) ( ) ( w ) + ( w ) ( w ) ( - .r -r r

r rw r+ r ) ( ) (r rw rwr rwrr r r rr+ rr ) (r ) (r ) ( r ) ( +rw ) ( + ) ( r ) ( ) ( ) (+ ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( w ) ( ww ) ( rr ) ( ) ( ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( ) (w ) ( + ) ( +r ) ( + ) (

+ ) ( w++ w+ + + +r+ +

Lipman Lithman ) 1991 53 - 54 ( ) 1991 33 (

) 1991 54 (

) 1992 66 (

) 1991 1 (

) 1986 198 (

) 1995 5 (

) 1980 194 (

) 1991 77 (

) 1991 77 (

:- .1 / 1 / 1 - .1 / 1 / 2 - .1 / 1 / 3 - .

: Political Psychology

: ) 2002 588 ( 2000 ) 2000 203 (

' ) 1994 3 (

) 1965 333 - 347 (

Grahamwallas 1908 ) 233 (

Haroldlass-wall 1930 HansEysenck 1954 International Society of Political Psychology(ISPP) JeanneKnuston 1973 WilliamStone 1974 ) 2001 5 (

1984 ) 1984 4 - 6 (

) 1991 33 (

1908 1963 ) 1995 6 (

1 / 1 / 1 -

) 1984 12 (

) 1984 31 ( ) 1991 92 - 93 (

) 1991 1 (

1 / 1 / 2 - :

- -

1 / 1 / 3 - :

1 . :

2 . : ) E.P.Q ( : Extraversion . :

: Neuroticism .

: Psychoticism .

" " Lie "Social Desirability" ) (

3 . : Psychological Security.

4 . ) / .( : Locus of Control Internal-External . Internal Control External Control.

:- :1 / 2 / 1 - .1 / 2 / 2 - .1 / 2 / 3 - .1 / 2 / 4 - .1 / 2 / 5 - .1 / 2 / 6 - .1 / 2 / 7 - .1 / 2 / 8 - .1 / 2 / 9 - .1 / 2 / 10 - .

: ) 1981 191 ( ) 1988 15 ( ) 1994 29 (

) 1991 2 (

) 1991 1 (

) 1992 5 - 6 (

) 1991 3 ( ) 1980 107 ( - ) 1991 5 (

) 1996 56 ( ) 1989 125 (

1 / 2 / 1 - . - 1968 ) Sills.L.D:1968 p 252 (- Greenstein & Polsby1975 ) Greenstein, F &Polsby, N:1975 p2 (- 1977 ) 1977 25 (- 1979 ) 1979 78 (- 1982 ) 1982 529 (- 1983 ) 1983 108 (- 1984 ) 1984 34 (- Uhlaner1986 ) Uhlaner , C:1986 p552 (- Macridis &Brown 1986 ) Macridis, R & Brown, B:1986 p314 (- Wright 1992 ) Wright, V:1992p7 (- Rush 1992 ) Rush, M:1992 p110(- 1994 ) 1994 55 (- 1995 - - ) 1995 91 (- 1996 ) 1996 60 (- 1998 ) 1998 218 (

.

1 / 2 / 2 - : ) 1990 50 (

) 1999 179 ( ) 1984 12 (

) 1984 5 - 7 (

) 1988 135 ( ) 1991 20 (

Pennock & Chapman1975 ) Pennock, J & Chapman:1975 p 57 ( Elcok1976 - - - - ) Elcok, H:1976 pp69-70 ( Rousseau ) 1983 38 ( - ) Nie,N & Verba, S:1975:p4 (

1 / 2 / 3 - : Milbrath1965 1 Gladiators ) 5 ( ) 7 (2 Spectators ) 60 (3 Apathetics ) 33 ( )Milbrath, L:1965 pp20-22 ( ) Milbrath, L:1977pp11-21 (

VerbaNieandKim 1978 ) 6 ( -1 - ) 22 (2 ) 21 (3 - ) 20 (4 - ) 4 (5 ) 15 ( 6 ) 18 ( ) Verba, S, et.al: 1978 pp310-315 ( 1980 ) 6 ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 ) 1996 81 ( Rush & Althoff1971 - - - - - - - - - - ) Rush, M&Althoff, P:1971 pp76-112 (

Jacobs&Worcester1990 - ) 1 (- ) 3 (- ) 5 (- ) 10 (- ) 13 (- ) 13 (- ) 13 (- )15 (- ) 31 (- ) 68 () Jacobs, E & Worcester, R:1990 p 33 (

Wright 1992 1970 [ - - ) Wright , V :1992 pp 156-157 (

Nie&Verba 1975 ) Nie, N & Verba, S:1975p2 ( ) 1995 25 ( Kasfir1976 ) Kasfir, N:1976 p 10 (

- - - - - - - - - - - - - ) Kasfir, N:1976 p7 (1 / 2 / 4 - : ) 1995 27 ( Muller1979 ) Muller, E:1979 p77 (

Gordon1971 ) Gordon ,L:1971 p 810 (

1995 1966 1969 - - - - - - - ) 1995 28 ( Schlesinger 1991 ) Schlesinger, P:1991 pp1-2 (

1 / 2 / 5 - : ) 1981 172 (

Rush1992 ) 50 ( ) 60 ( ) 75 ( ) 15 ( ) 20 ( ) 99 ( ) Rush, M:1992 p117 ( Milbrath&Goel 1977 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1992Rush ) Rush M:1992 p 117 ( ) Rush M:1992 p 118 ( Parry&Moyser1990 ) Parry, G & Moyser, G:1990 p 150 (

) Rush, M:1992 p 115 (

) 1995 31 ( 1 / 2 / 6 - : Sears, et al1991 ) Sears, et.al: 1991 pp532-533 (

Lane Lane ) 1995 35 (

Barber 1985 )Barber, D.J: 1985 p533 (

Barber 1985 ) 554 (

) 1989 158 ( ) 1996 72 - 73 (

1 / 2 / 7 - : - ) 1988 185 - 187 (- ) 1988 35 - 36 (- - )Pirages & Dennis1976 p p.1-7. (

1 / 2 / 8 - : ) ( ) 1991 77 ( 1992 ) 1992 182 (

) 1994 17 ( 1993 Kunston1973 ) 1993 9 (

1 / 2 / 9 - : : ) 1986 120 ( Belonging Belong ) 1971 98 (

1980 ) 1980 20 (

Brooks1983 ) p.269 1983 Brooks, C ( 1986 ) 1986 61 - 76 ( 1992 ) 1992 7 ( 1994 ) 1994 76 (

) 1977 39 ( :- - - - - -

Froom ) 1985 14 ( 2000 ) 2000 34 - 35 (

:- - - - - - - ) 1994 78 - 86 (

: ) 1992 86 (

:- - - - - - ) 1992 87 ( :- - - - - ) 95 ( :- - - - - - ) 1996 32 ( ) 1978 174 - 175 ( ) 1989 25 (1 / 2 / 10 - : - ) 95 (

: - : ) ( 1 [ 1 [ 1965 ) 1987 85 - 86 ( ) 87 ( 1968 ) 108 ( " " :- - - - - ) 14 - 15 ( - 1990 ) 30 (

: - : ) 1988 5 ( ) 1993 85 ( ) 1993 86 ( ) 1993 86 ( - :- - - - - ) 1992 109 (

: : 1970 1967 - 1970 ) 1989 112 - 114 (

) 125 ( ) 1999 225 (

:- - - - - ) 1989 118 - 126 (

: : 1967 [ 1967 11 [ 12 [ 1967 ) 116 - 117 ( :- - - ) 118 (

- :1 / 3 / 1 - : .- .- .- .1 / 3 / 2 - .- .- .- .- . 1 / 3 / 3 - .- .- .1 / 3 / 4 - .1 / 3 / 5 - . .

: ) 1994 28 (

1879 ) 1987 22 ( ) 1993 48 (

) 1978 5 (

Persona Personality Personality Persona ) 1978 5 (

) 1993 20 (

1930 ) 1979 (

Bipolar ) 1980 11 ( 1993 ) 1993 278 (

) 1993 13 (

) 1978 532 (

) 1987 158 (

1 / 3 / 1 - : . J.P.Guilford ) Eysenck, Eysenck, 1969.p.31 (

) H.G.Marten ( ) W.S.Zimmerman () 1987 159 ( Eysenck, H.J, 1973.p.90) (

: 1934 ) 36 ( [ ) 930 ( 1 [ 2 3 4 1936 1 2 3 4 ) 200 ( ) 1987 161 - 162 (

: 1956 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ) 1987 163 - 165 (

1962 ) 1962 18 (

: ) 166 (

1951 1952 ) Eysenck, H.J: 1960 pp55 (

1 / 3 / 2 - : R.B.Cattell 1945 1973 ) 1987 168 ( ) 1972 274 (

: ) 1990 290 ( ) 1987 168 ( : : : ) 1990 290 ( : : ) 291 (

SixteenPersonalityFactorQuestionnaire ) 16.P.F ( B.C.D) 1998 496 ( ) 60 ( ) 12 - 20 ( ) 1993 58 ( : 16P.F ) 1987 170 ( A)U.I. 16 ( B)U.I. 17 ( C)U.I. 18 ( E)U.I. 19 ( F )U.I. 20 ( G)U.I. 21 ( H)U.I. 22 ( I)U.I. 23 ( L )U.I. 24 ( M )U.I 25 ( N )U.I. 26 ( O )U.I 27 ( Q1)U.I. 28 ( Q2)U.I. 29 ( Q3)U.I. 30 ( Q4 )U.I. 31 ( ) 1990 293 - 296 ( : ) 1987 174 ( 1957 1973 ) H owarth, E&Cattel, R.B: 1973.p 805 (

) 1990 319 ( ) 318 (

1 / 3 / 3 - : H.J.Eysenck 1916 1934 1940 ) 1990 323 ( - L.L .Thurstone ) Jaensch Ung Kraepelin Kretschmer ( ) 1978 496 ( ) 1990 327 ( :

: ) 1990 16 ( : SpecificResponseLevel Habitual ResponseLevel Trait Level Shyness Rigidity Type ) 1999 72 (

: ) 1978 497 (

: 1 [ 2 [ 3 4 5 [ ) 1987 181 ( ) 90 ( ) 1952 ( Maudsley Medical Questionnaire(MMQ) ) 1962 ( Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI ) 1975 ( Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)) 1999 73 ( )EPQ ( ) [ [ ( ) EPQ ( - ) EPQ ( "P" Psychoticism MMPI P Psychosis "P" - ) EPQ ( LieL SocialDesirability Dissimulation ) 1989 5 - 6 (

: [ [

: Hipposrates Galen ) Eysenck,HJ:1977 p2 (

) Metzne,Rr:1979 pp 42-43 (

Kant Wundt 1903 1903 ) 1986 35 ( ) Hampson,S.E:1988 p 47 (

) 1984 40 (

1922 ` ) Eysenck,HJ:1973 p13 (

) 1992 35 ( W - C ) 1987 221 ( : ) ( 1957 "Pavlov ) Brody,N:1988 pp 135-136 (

) 1992 36 (

) Brody,N:1988 p 136 (

)E E G( ) Brody,N:1988 p.p136- 137 (

) Eysenck ,HJ:1987 pp 80-81 (

) G S R( ) Brody,N:1988 pp 137-138 ( )Brody,N:1988 pp 151 (

: F.Gordan Otto Gross ) 1987 236 (

) 347 (

) 1962 444 - 445 (

1921 ) 1979 209 (

1942 ) 1985 27 ( H.Rorschach ) 1959 211 ( STDCR) 1987 240 (

: ) 5 ( ) .Pearson, P et al 1981pp 101-104 ( : [ Mann ) 1987 242 - 243 (

1977 1 2 3 4 [ ) Eysenck,H.J:1977 p.408 (

) Eysenck & Eysenck:1969 p p 40 -167( : [ 1 Activity2 Sociability 3Risk-taking4 Impulsiveness ` 5 Practicality6 Expressiveness7 Responsibility ) 2000 3 (

: Eysenck 1969 ) Eysenck&Esenck: 1969 p 69 (

1976 ) 1976 174 ( 1976 ) 1976 197 ( 1987 ) 1987 159 (

1965 ) 1965 1 (

1978 ) 1978 368 (

[ ) 1987 292 (

) 293 (

X ) Eysenck & Esenck: 1969 pp60 (

: [ ) 1987 294 ( ) 2000 2 (

) 1990 96 - 97 ( : ) 1987 295 ( ) 1992 41 (

: 1 Self-Esteem 2 Happiness 3Anxiety 4 Obsessiveness 5 Autonomy 6 Hyposhondriasis 7 Guilt) 2000 5 ( : 1961 ) Eysenck, et.al: 1972, p104 ( ) 1970 13 (

[ ) 1980 346 (

1999 ) 55 ( ) 1999 86 ( ) 1994 325 (

1948 ) Eysenck &Eysenck:1985 p61 (

1950 ) 1999 87 (

. 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 ) 1999 87 ( . 1980 ` ` ` ` ) 1980 12(

: ) Ekman, Paul:1985 p 56 ( ) Hendel, Micheal:1982 pp136-137 (

1964 ) Eysenck, H.G: 1964:p115 ( EPI,EPQ ) 1995 589 (

Dissimulation - 5 ` 5

) ( ) 1991 29 - 32 (

1 / 3 / 4 - : ) 1968 168 ( ) 1978 281 ( ) 1978 197 - 198 ( ) 1990 358 (

1 / 3 / 5 - : 1 2 ) 1987 188 ( ) ( ) 1987 188 (

) 1987 189 (

)Griffiths, R.D: 1970 p 92 ( ) 1987 189 (

1976 ) Willson, G.D: 1976 p 135 (

1965 ) 1987 189 ( C.Hull ) 189 (

1972 ) Brody, N:1972 p.44 ( ) 1987 191 ( [ ) Willson, G.D: 1976 p 143 (

: [ [

1 2 3 4 5 6

- :1 / 4 / 1 - :- : :- : .1 / 4 / 2 - :1 / 4 / 3 - .- :- .1 / 4 / 4 - .- .- .- .- .- .1 / 4 / 5 - .1 / 4 / 6 - .1 / 4 / 7 - .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .1 / 4 / 8 - .- .- .- .- .- .- .- . . : ) 1989 297 (

1994 ) 1994 770 (

1994 ) 1994 15 (

1989 ) 1989 297 ( ) 1986 75 ( 1986 ) 1996 35 (

) 1999 23 - 24 (

1977 ) 1977 401 (

1977 ) 1977 113 - 114 (

) 1987 70 - 71 (

1986 ) 1986 89 (

) 1993 146 (

1989 ) 1989 320 (

1 / 4 / 1 - : ) 1999 15 (

) 1989 296 ( : : - - 17 - - - - - - ) 140 - 144 )( 1972 28 ( : . - MASLOW ) 6 (- 1975 ) 1975 128 ( - 1984 ) 1984 164 (- 1988 ) 1988 93 (- 1989 ) ( ) 1989 297 ( - 1990 ) 1990 129 (- 1992 ) 1992 188 (- 1995 ' ' ) 1995 82 (- 1995 ) 1995 1048 - 1049 (- 1996 ) 1996 83 (- 1997 ) 1997 25 (- 1999 ' ' ' ' ' ) 1999 19 (

:

1 / 4 / 2 - : 1989 ) 1989 299 - 300 (1 / 4 / 3 - : . ) 1998 509 ( ) ( ) 1989 11 (

) 1998 509 (

1999 ) 1999 44 (

1999 ) 1999 44 (

) 1999 23 (

. 1977 ) 1977 410 ( 1979 ) 1979 137 (

1999 ) 1999 21 (

1985 ) 1985 20 (

1979 ) 1979 6 (

1 / 4 / 4 - : : 1983 ) 1983 48 (

) 1988 12 ( : 1998 ) 1998 18 (

1968 ) 1968 26 (

: - - : - : ) 1981 31 (

1996 - ) 1996 82 (

: 1985 ) 1985 15 (

1997 ) 1997 243 (

: ) 48 (

1987 ) 1987 295 (

1 / 4 / 5 - : 1987 ) 1987 300 ( - ) 1995 78 (

- ) 1977 113 (- ) 1995 79 (- ) 1977 113 (- ) 1995 79 (- ) 1995 80 (

1 / 4 / 6 - . 1977 ) 1977 113 (

2001 ) 2001 85 (

1980 ) 1980 185 (

1986 ) 1986 91 (

) 1958 85 ( 1989 ) 1989 320 (

) 1980 185 (

1 / 4 / 7 - .

: ) 1978 76 (

) 1982 206 ( : ) 1985 68 (

) 1978 187 ( ) 1972 629 (

) 1999 38 ( : ` ) 1986 166 - 167 ( : ) 1978 618 - 622 (

: ) 1986 333 (

: ) 2002 36 ( : ) 1996 214 (

: ) 2003 31 (

) 1990 125 (

) 1998 109 (

: ) 1999 29 (

) 1999 27 (

) 1988 11 (

: ) 1986 272 - 273 ( ) 1998 326 (

: - - ) 1990 27 (

William Samuel 1981 ) Samuel,Wiliam:1981 p90 ( ) 1998 483 ( ) 1999 8 ( 1998 ) 1998 436 (

) 1969 263 (

) 1985 200 ( 1979 - - - ) 1979 5 (

- - - - - - - - - - - ) 1983 51 ( ) 1995 75 (

1 / 4 / 8 - :- : ) 1992 165 (

) 1987 166 - 167 ( ) 1986 92 (

- : ) 1992 165 (

) 1977 106 (

) 1995 437 - 438 ( 1989 ) 1989 30 (

: ) 1994 75 (

) 167 ( ) 1995 371 ( ) 1984 318 (

: ) 55 (

) 1994 150 (

) 1995 45 (

: ) 1990 342 (

) 1993 6 (

) 1973 93 (

: ) 1992 76 (

) 1995 22 ( ) 1990 9 ( ) 1993 518 - 590 (

) 1991 15 ( ) 1990 447 (

1995 ) 1995 380 (

- .1 / 5 / 1 - . : . : . : : .1 / 5 / 2 - .1 / 5 / 3 - .1 / 5 / 4 - .1 / 5 / 5 - . .

- Internal-ExternalLocusof control 1966 ) 1996 21 (

Locus ofcontrol 1966 1987 1987 1984 1993 1992 1991

1991 ) 1991 24 ( Locus of control .

) 1989 112 (

1 / 5 / 1 - : ) 1986 204 ( J.DollardandN.Miller SocialLearning Rottar )PHares, E.J: 1988 P336 (

Allen 1990 ) Allen, B.P: 1990 P 162 (

) 66 ( ) Schultz, D:1990 p 474 ( ) Schultz, D:1990 pp 338-339 (

) 1986 208 ( ) 1996 16 (

) 1994 82 (

1971 ) Rotter, J.B1971 p 81 ( 1971 ) Rotter, J.B1971 p 82 (

InternalControlofReinforcement External Control ofReinforcement ) 1990 104 (

: Potential Behavior. ) Rotter, J.B: 1954 p 815 (

) 817 (

Emotionalreactions ) X ( ) Z )( 1991 323 (

: Expectancy. 1966 ) Rotter, J.B: 1966 p 6 ( ) 1991 334 (

) 1994 120 (

) [ ( ` ` ) 1998 103 (

: Reinforcement Value . 1981 ) 1981 47 ( 1998 ) 1998 103 (

) 1991 325 (

1990 ) 1990 5 (

: Psychological Situation. ) 1981 47 ( ) 1998 103 ( ) 1994 119 - 120 ( ) 1991 326 - 327 (

1966 ) Rotter, J.B: 1966 p 5 ( NP = FM & NV Need potential (NP). Freedom of Movement (FM). Need Value (NV). ) 1991 328 (

1 / 5 / 2 - . - Rotter1966 ) Rotter, J, B.1966 p1 (- Show & Uhl1971 ) Shaw, P.L & Uhl, N.P:1977 p 226 (- Hiroto 1974 ) Hiroto, D.S.:1974 p187 (- 1984 ) 1984 15 - 16 (- 1984 ) 1984 48 (- 1985 ) 1985 46 (- Phares1988 ) Phares, E.J.1988p492 (- Buskist&Gring1990 ) Buskist, W& Gerbing, D.W: 1990 p 522 (

- 1991 ) 1991 7 (

1 2 3 4 5

1 / 5 / 3 - : - -) Rotter, J, B.1966 p50 (

Chan 1989 1966 1969 ) Chan, D.W: 1989 p 145 (

PHares1988 ) Phares, E.J.1988p483 (

Ryckman 1989 1969 1 Personal Control2 Ideological Control3 System Modifiability) Ryckman, R:1989 p117 ( Levenson&Millery 1976 1 2 3 ) Levenson, H & Millery, J:1976p200 ( Collins 1974 1 2 3 4 ) Collins, B.E: 1974 p381 (

1984 1 2 3 ) 1984 33 ( ) 1996 27 - 28 (

1 / 5 / 4 - : ) 1996 27 - 28 ( ) Schultz, D:1990p485 (

) Barling, J& Fincham, F:1979 p556 ( ) 1989 270 (

) Lefcourt, H.M: 1980p222 (

) Ryckman, R:1989 p420 ( ) Lefcourt, H.M: 1980 p221 ( ) 1989 270 (

) Lefcourt, H.M: 1980 p224 (

) Phares, E.J.1988p488 ( ) 488 (

1 / 5 / 5 - : 1988 ) Phares, E.J.1988p480 (

) Ryckman, R:1989 pp214-215 (

) 1990 120 - 121 ( 1989 ) Chan, D.W: 1989p146 (

1990 1984

) Ryckman, R:1989 pp472-473 ( 1990 1984

1984 ) 1984 22 - 23 ( ) 1995 660 ( 1991 ) 1991 77 (

1964 1968 ) 1994 33 (

- :1 / 6 / 1 - : : . : .1 / 6 / 2 - : : . : .1 / 6 / 3 - : : . : .1 / 6 / 4 - : : . : . .

: ) 1990 149 (

1 / 6 / 1 - . : .1 - : 1982 . ) 124 ( ) 86 ( ) 38 ( - - - ) 12.28 ( - -

2 - : 1984 . ) 500 ( ) 80 [ 1981 ( - - - 3 - : 1986 . ) 150 ( ) 105 ( ) 45 ( ) 25 ( ) 45 ( - -

4 - : 1986 . ) 150 ( - -

5 - : 1992 . ) 267 ( - -

6 - : 1993 . ) 75 ( . - -

7 - , : 1995 . ) 442 ( E, P, Q - . . - - . - - - . . .

8 - : 1995 . ) 13 ( ) 37 - 58 ( - -

9 - : 1996 . ) 160 ( ) 100 ( ) 60 ( - - - -

10 - : 2000 . - ) 359 ( - - -

11 - : 2003 . - - 93 - 60 -- -- 11 [ 2001 - 73 - 2004

12 - : 2004 . ) 180 ( - - - -

: .1 - Knuston,J.N, ed : 1982 . ) 495 ( - 2 - Carmines, G, Edward: 1980 . ) ( ) 100 ( - -

3 - Carlson, J& Hyde, M: 1980 . ) 138 ( - -

4 - Stephen, S& David, J : 1985 . ) 634 ( - ) 91 ( - ) 86 ( -

5 - :Guyton, E 1988 . ) 118 ( - -

6 - :Davidson, B& Cotter, R1989 . ) 546 ( - - -

7 - Finkel, S & Opp, K : 1991 . ) 150 ( - -

8 - Christopher, G & Bruce : 1992 . - ) 406 ( - - - 1 / 6 / 2 - : :1 - : 1989 . ) 240 ( - )80 ( . - ) 80 ( - ) 80 ( E.P.I M.M.P.I - . - - - -

2 - : 1990 . ) 322 ( EPQ. - - -

3 - : 1990 . ) 540 ( - - - - - - - -

4 - : 1991 . ) 50 ( . - - -

5 - : 1991 . ) 250 (

- E.P.Q - . - - . - -

6 - : 1991 . ) 1083 ( - - ) 11 ( ) 12 ( ) 13 ( ) 11 (

7 - : 1993 . ) 130 ( ) 13 - 19 ( - - - - 8 - : 1993 . - - - - - ) 476 ( - A+, B+, O+- O-, B-, AB+.A- - - - - - - - - - - -

9 - : 1995 . ) 129 ( ) 207 (

-

10 - , : 1995 . ) 56 ( - - - .

11 - : 1997 . ) 85 ( ) 110 ( EPQ - [ - - -

12 - : 1998 .. ) 404 ( . - - ) ( ) (- - ) ( - -

13 - : 1999 . ) 338 ( - -

14 - : 2002 . )250 .( )109 ( )141 ( . : / : " " / / " ." / / " " : " ." :- :- .- .- - .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- .- . - .- .- .- .- .-

15 - : 2004 . [ ) 387 ( ) 194 ( ) 193 ( ) - ( [ - [ - - [ - - [

: :1 - Heaven & Rigby . : 1976 . ) 193 ( E.P.Q -

2 - Eysenck & Eysenck : 1977 . ) 712 ( ) 1398 ( EPQ - - - - - - 3 - Thomas & Revelle: 1981 . EPI EPQ ) 838 ( EPI EPQ - - EPI - - EPI EPQ

4 - : P.Pearson et al 1981 . ) 1088 ( E.P.Q 7 - 16 - .

5 - : : Krapu 1981 . ) 34 ( ) 117 ( - - -

6 - Dale, Caird : 1987 . ) 115 ( Hood EPQ. -

7 - Conway, Terry.L et al : 1992 . - ) 1126 ( [ - - - -

8 - , : Bates,Timothy&Eysenck,Hans1993 . ) 88 ( ) 63 ( ) 25 ( - -

9 - Center, David & Kemp, Dawn : 2001 . [ [ ) 150 ( ) 75 ( ) 75 ( - - - 10 - Heisel, Alan.D et al : 2001 . [ [ - 11 - Center, David & Kemp, Dawn : 2002 . ) 11 ( - -

1 / 6 / 3 - : :1 - : 1984 . ) 274 ( ) 64 ( -

2 - 1985 . ) 450 ( ) 12 - 14 ( - - - - - 49

3 - : 1987 ) 200 ( ) 20 - 25 ( - -

4 - : 1990 . ) 15 ( ) 3 ( ) 12 ( ) 18 - 24 ( -

5 - : 1992 . - -

6 - : 1992 ) 19 - 22 ( - - -

7 - : 1995 . ) 273 ( - - -

8 - : 1996 . ) 1555 ( ) 797 ( ) 758 ( ) 18 - 24 ( - - - -

9 - : 1998 . ) 30 ( ) 15 ( - -

10 - : 2001 . ) 376 ( - -

11 - : 2002 . ) 996 ( - - -

12 - : 2003 . ) 123 ( - - -

: .1 - : Kaplan, David1976 . ) 105 ( ) 62 ( ) 43 ( ) 19 - 63 ( - - ) 17 - 21 ( -

2 - Vohra, Robert & Sen, Arthur : 1986 . ) 40 ( )20 ( )20 (

- - -

3 - Rosen, Karen & Rothbaum,Fred 1993 ) 62 ( -

4 - Davis, Datrik et al: 1995 . ) 112 ( ) 19 11 6 ( - - 5 - Robert, John et al: 1996 . ) 144 ( ) 88 ( ) 56 ( - - - 6 - , Caty, Caren et al: 1998 . ) 565 ( - ) 51 ( - - - ) 40 ( 1 / 6 / 4 -

: :1 - 1982 . ) 413 ( ) 21 ( ) 28 ( [ -

2 - : 1982 . ) 413 ( [ -

3 - : 1984 . ) 216 ( - - - -

4 - : 1985 . ) 209 ( - - -

5 - : 1988 . ) 372 ( -

6 - : 1992 . ) 106 ( ) 53 ( )53 ( -

7 - : 1994 . ) 208 ( - - -

8 - : 1994 . ) 714 ( ) 352 ( ) 362 ( [ -

9 - : 1996 . ) 640 ( - - 32 48.6

10 - : 1997 . ) 40 ( ) 40 ( - - - - -

11 - : 1997 ) 413 ( ) 187 ( )226 (

- - -

12 - : 2002 . ) 28 ( ) 10 ( ) 18 ( - -

13 - : 2004 . ) 1200 ( [ - - -

: .1 - : Watson ,D& Baunal,E 1967 . ) 565 ( [ [ - -

2 - Phares, Wilson & Klyver: 1971 . [ ) 64 ( [ ) 32 ( ) 32 ( ) 16 ( ) 16 ( ) 16 ( ) 16 (

3 - Barling, J & Fincham, F: 1979 . ) 93 ( ) 21 ( ) 72 ( [ -

4 - : Bartal, et.al 1980 . ) 2438 ( - -

5 - John, W : 1981 . ) 53 ( - -

6 - Meyers, Donham & Ludenia : 1982 . ) 11 ( ) 71 ( ) 40 ( - -

7 - Dompierre: 1991 . ) 110 ( ) 9 - 12 ( - -

8 - Martin, Janice : 1991 . [ ) 105 ( [ - - -

9 - , Rosenthal,Doreen&Smith, Anthony: 1995 . [ ) 650 ( - -

10 - Post,Phylis&Dobinson, Bryan : 1998 . - ) 108 ( ) 10 - 14 ( - -

: :- - - - - - - - - - - -

: :- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ - - - - - - [

: :- - - - - - - - - - - - -

: :- - - - - - - - - - - - -

-'~- J~-- :2 / 7 / 1 - .2 / 7 / 2 - .2 / 7 / 3 - .2 / 7 / 4 -

:

2 / 7 / 1 -

. : - [ -1 ) [ (2 3 4 5 6 ) - - ( 7 ) - - ( 8

2 / 7 / 2 -

) 488 ( ) 550 ( ) 62 (

1 - : ) 223 ( ) 100 ( ) 123 (

2 - : ) 200 ( ) 1994 (

3 - : ) 65 (

) 1 ( 20.29 1.225 100 20.42 1.187 123 223 32.05 8.231 200 0 0 0 200 38.20 5.784 46 44.74 5.184 19 65 29.47 9.072 346 23.68 8.582 142 488

2 / 7 / 3 -

1 - ) .( :- :

-

- ) 50 ( ) [ ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ) 60 ( ) 5 (

: ) (

: . ) 100 ( ) 40 ( ) 40 ( ) 20 ( ) 12 ( ) 17 ( ) 0.707 (

: . ) - ( ) - ( ) 100 (

) 2 ( 0.679 0.808 ) 0.01 (

: : . - ) 3 (

2 -

3 - 7 - 9 - 15 - 16 - 21 - 27 - 31 - 37 - 41 - 55 - 56 - 59 -

: . ) 100 ( ) 40 ( ) 40 ( ) 20 ( ) 4 ( 1 - 0.710 0.311 21 - 0.417 0.210 41 - 0.519 0.3392 - 0.706 0.215 22 - 0.393 0.301 42 - 0.631 0.2333 - 0.780 0.213 23 - 0.372 0.271 43 - 0.595 0.4144 - 0.808 0.312 24 - 0.889 0.341 44 - 0.629 0.2515 - 0.253 0.282 25 - 0.322 0.228 45 - 0.448 0.2296 - 0.695 0.224 26 - 0.600 0.317 46 - 0.444 0.2347 - 0.698 0.311 27 - 0.552 0.338 47 - 0.431 0.2718 - 0.315 0.412 28 - 0.379 0.218 48 - 0.372 0.2999 - 0.716 0.212 29 - 0.429 0.220 49 - 0.443 0.31110 - 0.621 0.298 30 - 0.369 0.271 50 - 0.394 0.37111 - 0.514 0.249 31 - 0.787 0.411 51 - 0.630 0.38812 - 0.612 0.255 32 - 0.808 0.254 52 - 0.384 0.27713 - 0.720 0.217 33 - 0.757 0.284 53 - 0.272 0.22914 - 0.312 0.219 34 - 0.661 0.288 54 - 0.390 0.31115 - 0.639 0.262 35 - 0.221 0.327 55 - 0.607 0.44316 - 0.223 0.241 36 - 0.640 0.218 56 - 0.390 0.21517 - 0.374 0.299 37 - 0.800 0.337 57 - 0.533 0.34118 - 0.451 0.936 38 - 0.742 0.433 58 - 0.541 0.41519 - 0.533 0.227 39 - 0.496 0.419 59 - 0.698 0.39920 - 0.411 0.315 40 - 0.311 0.354 60 - 0.211 0.233 98 0.05 0.2.5' 0.01 0.267 '' 0.001 0.338 ''' `

:

2 - E .B .Q. 1989 Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) H.J.Eysenck SybilB.G.Eysenck 1989

:- ) 257 ( ) 136 ( ) 121 ( ) 0.80 ( ) 0.90 ( ) 0.78 ( ) 0.80 ( ) 1989 14 - 15 (- 1989 ) 402 ( ) 253 ( ) 149 ( )30 ( ) 0.78 ( ) 0.86 ( ) 0.79 ( ) 0.90 ( ) 0.78 ( ) 0.81 ( ) 0.76 ( ) 0.84 ( ) 1989 27 - 28 (- 1997 ) 30 ( ) 0.74 ( ) 0.91 () 1997 89 ( ) 100 ( ) 40 ( ) 40 ( ) 20 ( - ) 5 ( 0.75 0.80 0.67 0.77

:- ) 1989 15 (- 1989 ) 0.01 )( 1989 28 ( - 1997 ) 0.65 ( ) 0.74 () 1997 88 ( : ) 90 ( ) 25 ( ) 21 ( ) 23 ( ) 21 ( ) 1989 31 (

3 - '-'- -= .--' .-` '--- A. Maslow -='-' .---- : ` 1973 1976 1978 1984 1992

) 75 ( ) 14 ( 1 2 3

-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ) (

) 25 ( ) 75 - 150 (

:- ) 16 49 ( ) 73 ( - ) 6 ( 1992

:- ) 100 ( ) 10 ( 0.91 ) 0.86 ( 1984 ) 0.88 ( - 1992 ) 0.88 (- 1992 ) 0.92 ( ) 100 ( ) 40 ( ) 40 ( ) 20 ( ) 0.83 (

:- ) 0.91 (- ) 0.94 (- 1992 ) 0.05 (-

: ) 75 - 150 (

4 - / -'- :- --- >~ ---- ~-:- 4- J~'- --:- ---~ ~--'- _~:- '~ 1973 - ) NS-IE ( ) 40 ( 1987

:- ) 48 ( ) 0.83 ( ) 158 ( ) 0.74 ( ) 0.86 ( - 1987 ) 122 ( ) 120 ( ) 0.89( ) 0.84 ( ) 0.86 ( ) 1987 4 - 5 (- 2004 ) 80 ( ) 0.80 ( ) 0.77 ( ) 2004 35 (- 2004 ) 120 ( ) 0.80 ( ) 0.78 )( 2004 48 (

) 100 ( ) 40 ( ) 40 ( ) 20 ( ) 0.81 (

: -- - - ) 49 )( 39 )( 35 ( ) 0.68 )( 0.48 )( 0.44 ( ) 37 ( ) 48 ( ) 0.36 ( ) 0.05 ( ) 0.32 ( ) 0.05 ( ) 27 ( ) 48 ( ) 0.34 ( ) 0.05 ( )0.40 ( ) 0.05 (- 1987 ) 16.56 ( ) 0.001 ( ) 20.44 ( ) 0.001 () 1987 6 - 7 (- 2004 ) 2004 32 (- 2004 ) 2004 40 (-

: ) 40 ( ) ( ) ( ) 40 ( ) ( ) 80 ( ) () 1987 8 (

5 - 1987 1995 : 15 2 6 3 7 4

: - ) 5 ( ) 10 ( ) 15 ( ) 10 ( ) 15 ( - ) 15 ( ) 12 ( ) 9 ( - ) 12 ( ) 9 ( ) 6 (- ) 18 ( ) 16 ( ) 14 ( ) 12 ( ) 10 ( ) 8 ( ) 6 ( ) 4 ( ) 2 ( - ) 16 ( ) 14 ( ) 12 ( ) 10 ( ) 8 ( ) 6 ( ) 4 ( ) 2 (- 2 / 7 / 4 - : . 2005 2005 2005

) 15 - 50 ( ) 35 - 55 (

`

: . Statistical Package For Social Sciences S.P.S.S ) 11 ( -1 2 3 4 5

-'-- J~--2 / 8 / 1 - .2 / 8 / 2 - .

2 / 8 / 1 - .

- ) 488 (

) 6 ( - 27.78 9.304 18 57- 105.38 29.243 39 209- 211.2152 18.435 129 274- 28.97 2.816 22 42- 32.57 4.637 23 51- 38.99 2.706 26 46- 30.73 2.774 23 38- 109.73 4.51 105 148- 99.92 3.66 77 104- [ 55.73 3.29 45 59- [ 62.95 2.32 60 74

) 180 ( Central Limit Theory ) N ( ) N ( ) 1993 79 - 80 ( ) 0.834 ( ) 95 ( ) 210 - 212 ( ) 211 ( ) 211 ( ) 1993 82 - 83 (

: [ ) ( ) 7 ( ) ( ) ( = 269 = 219

) (

- 28.58 9.96 26.80 8.38 2.12 ' - 105.89 28.28 104.76 30.44 0.42 [[[ - 224.03 9.79 195.47 13.78 26.71 '' - 28.52 2.71 29.53 2.85 4.01 '' - 32.81 4.49 32.27 4.81 1.27 [[[ - 38.91 2.67 39.10 2.75 0.79 [[[ - 30.66 2.73 30.81 2.83 0.58 [[[ - 109.45 3.27 110.07 5.66 1.13 [[[ - 99.78 3.40 100.08 3.98 0.59 [[[ - [ 55.94 3.14 55.42 3.51 1.11 [[[ - [ 62.83 2.22 63.08 2.42 0.89 [[[ ' ) 0.05( '' ) 0.01 ([[[ ) ( ) [ : -

) 8 ( ) = 488 (- 0.765- 0.553- 0.590- 0.796- 0.492 -- 0.631- 0.615- 0.558- 0.444- 0.798- 0.784 -- [ - [ 3.24 1.46 1.41 1.21 24.91 11.26 10.86 9.30

) 9 ( - 0.787- 0.794- 0.777- 0.787- 0.59 -- 0.737- 0.706- 0.549- 0.563- 0.911- 0.905 -- [ 0.982 -- [ 0.976 3.24 1.6 1.46 1.40 1.21 24.91 12.30 11.26 10.80 9.30 ) 10 ( ) 10 ( - 0.706 - 0.549- 0.911- 0.905 - ) [ ( ) 24.91 ( ) 3.24 (

) 11 ( [ ) 11 (

[ ) 12.30 ( ) 1.6 (

) 12 ( ) 12 (

) ( ) 11.26 ( ) 1.46 (

- [ 0.982 -- [ 0.976 - 0.787- 0.777

) 13 ( ) 13 (

) 10.80 ( ) 1.40 ( ) 14 ( ) 14 ( - 0.737- 0.563- 0.591 - ) ( ) 9.30 ( ) 1.21 ( -1 - 2 - [ - 0.794- 0.787 3 - 4 - 5 - : ) (

: : ) 15 ( ) = 269 (- 0.417- 0.417- 0.592- 0.711- 0.602 -- 0.476 -- 0.618- 0.596- 0.820 0.496- 0.802 -- 0.659 -- [ 0.682- [ 3.37 3.37 1.65 1.49 1.12 25.91 12.68 11.47 8.59

) 16 ( ) = 269 (- 0.774- 0.800- 0.795- 0.805 - 0.722 -- 0.472- 0.745- 0.592- 0.684- 0.900- 0.894 -- [ 0.980 -- [ 0.973 3.37 1.65 1.49 1.391.12 25.91 12.68 11.47 10.718.59 ) 17 ( ) 17 ( - 0.745- 0.592 - 0.900- 0.894 - ) 25.91 ( ) 3.37 (

) 18 ( [ ) 18 (

) [ ( ) 12.68 ( ) 1.65 (

) 19 ( ) 19 ( - 0774- 0.795 ) ( ) 11.47 ( ) 1.49 (

- [ 0.980 -- [ 0.973

) 20 ( ) 20 (

) 10.71 ( ) 1.39 (

) 21 ( ) 21 (

) 8.59 ( ) 1.12 (

- 0.800- 0.805 - 0.684- 0.472- 0.722 -

: : ) 22 ( - 0.696- 0.597- 0.675- 0.811- 0.341 -- 0.784- 0.602- 0.508- 0.511- 0.763- 0.751 -- [ 0.729- [ 0.714 - 3.19 1.65 1.48 1.34 1.23 24.56 12.65 11.41 10.33 9.44

) 23 ( - 0.819- 0.686- 0.749- 0.805- 0.407 -- 0.782- 0.649- 0.524- 0.646- 0.925- 0.923 -- [ 0.975 -- [ 0.970 - 3.19 1.65 1.48 1.34 1.23 24.56 12.65 11.41 10.33 9.44

) 24 ( ) 24 ( - 0.925- 0.649 - 0.923 - ) ( ) 24.56 ( ) 3.19 (

) 25 ( [ ) 25 ( 0.970 0.975 - ) ( ) 12.65 ( ) 1.65 (

) 26 ( ) 26 ( - 0.819- 0.749- 0.407 - ) ( 11.41 ( ) 1.34 (

) 27 ( ) 27 ( - 0.782- 0.646- 0.524

) ( ) 10.33 ( ) 1.23 (

) 28 ( ) 28 (

) ( ) 9044 ( ) 9.44 (

- 0.686- 0.805

) 29 (

) 29 ( -

- [

[

-

-

-

: ) 346 ( ) 142 ( ) 30 (

) 30 ( ) ( ) : = 346 ( ) : = 142 () = 346 () = 142 (

) ( - 29.47 9.07 23.68 8.58 6.50 '' - 105.08 26.47 106.11 35.18 0.35 [[ [ - 212.93 17.37 207.03 20.26 3.24 '' - 29.06 2.69 28.76 3.10 1.06 [[[ - 33.13 4.51 31.19 4.64 4.28 '' - 39.09 2.67 38.74 2.78 1.29 [[[ - 30.91 2.76 30.26 2.75 2.36 ' - 109.40 3.56 110.81 6.66 2.18 ' - 100.23 3.58 99.36 3.77 1.68 [[[ - [ 56.22 2.85 54.81 3.84 3.04 '' - [ 63.06 2.41 62.63 2.01 1.32 [[[ ' ) 0.05( '' ) 0.01 ([[[

: ) (

: : ) 31 ( - 0.477- 0.615- 0.620- 0.780- 0.595- 0.410- 0.545- 0.459- 0.806- 0.791 -- [ 0.755- [ 0.745 - 3.01 1.75 1.33 1.07 25.04 14.58 11.10 8.87

) 32 ( - - 0.798- 0.652- 0.859- 0.459 -- 0.637- 0.440- 0.661- 0.936- 0.931 -- [ 0.948 -- [ 0.980 3.01 1.75 1.33 1.17 1.07 25.04 14.58 11.10 9.75 8.87 ) 33 ( ) 33 ( - 0.936- 0.637- 0.931 - ) ) 25.04 ( ) 3.01 ( ) 34 ( [ ) 34 (

) ( ) 14.58 ( ) 1.75 (

) 35 ( ) 35 ( - 0.741- 0.661- 0.440 ) ( ) 11.10 ( ) 1.33 (

- 0.980- 0.948 - ) 36 ( ) ( )36 ( - 0.798- 0.652 ) ( ) 9.75 ( ) 1.07 (

) 37 ( ) ( ) 37 ( - 0.859- 0.459 -

) ( ) 8.08 ( ) 1.07 (

: : ) 38 ( - 0.696- 0.729- 0.600- 0.554- 0.609- 0.609 -- 0.607 -- 0.465 -- 0.685 -- 0.666- [ 0.710- [ 0.744 - 3.91 2.24 1.56 32.62 18.63 12.99

) 39 ( - 0.974- 0.958- 0.815- 0.673 -- 0.757- 0.626- 0.474- 0.431- 0.952- 0.953 -- [ 0.954 -- [ 0.950 3.91 2.24 1.56 1.19 32.62 18.63 12.99 9.94 ) 40 ( ) ( ) 40 ( - 0.958- 0.952- 0.940- 0.815 ) ( ) 32.62 ( ) 3.91 (

) 41 ( ) ( ) 41 ( - 0.626- 0.474 ) ( ) 18.63 ( ) 2.24 (

) 42 ( ) ( ) 42 ( 0.950 0.954 - ) [ ( ) 12.99 ( ) 1.56 (

) 43 ( ) ) 43 ( - 0.757- 0.431- 0.673 ) ( ) 9.94 ( ) 1.19 ( ) 44 ( ) 44 ( -

- [

-

-

-

: ) - - ( 1 - ) 164 ( 2 - ) 167 ( 3 -) 157 ( ) 45 ( ) 45 ( . " "

1 2 3 - 13.44 '' 25.94 26.72 30.84 1 3 3 2 3 3- 1.41 [[[ 210.64 213.3 209.81 - 0.97 [[[ 29.19 28.96 28.75 - 0.88 [[[ 32.22 32.59 32.91 - 0.28 [[[ 39.12 38.89 38.96 - 3.02 ' 31.12 30.68 30.37 1 3 1 2 1 1- 0.57 [[[ 109.63 109.46 110.16 - 0.002 [[[ 99.89 99.92 99.93 - [ 3.03 ' 56.20 55.60 55.36 1 3 1 2 1 1- [ 1.26 [[[ 63.30 63.06 62.47 ) 1( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ' ) 0.05( '' ) 0.01 ([[[ ) ( ) ( : ) - - ( 1 - ) 223 ( 2 - ) 200 ( 3 - ) 65 ( ) 46 ( ) 46 ( . " "

1 2 3 - 382.13 '' 20.36 32.05 40.11 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 3- 60.93 '' 96.89 104.39 137.11 1 3 3 2 3 3- 4.32 ' 208.56 21.39 213.56 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 3- 3.60 ' 28.73 29.38 28.59 2 3 3- 0.65 [[[ 32.33 32.71 32.98 - 0.68 [[[ 38.88 39.17 38.85 - 2.29 [[[ 30.44 31.01 30.86 - 0.33 [[[ 109.99 109.51 109.71 - 0.98 [[[ 99.66 100.39 99.67 - [ 3.04 ' 55.58 56.38 54.62 2 3 3- [ 3.18 ' 62.64 63.33 62.59 1 2 2 ) 1( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ' ) 0.05( '' ) 0.01 ( [[[

) ( ) ( : 1 - 18 - 23 ) 243 ( 2 - 24 - 35 ) 138 ( 3 - 36 - 60 ) 106 ( ) 47 ( ) 47 ( . " "

1 2 3 - 30.42 '' 99.07 103.29 124.38 1 3 3 2 3 3- 3.47 ' 209.82 210.69 215.48 - 2.18 [[[ 28.72 29.24 29.25 - 1.59 [[[ 32.34 32.47 33.30 - 1.30 [[[ 38.81 39.15 39.25 - 7.14 '' 30.28 31.13 31.32 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 3- 0.81 [[[ 110.05 109.69 109.16 - 0.88 [[[ 99.77 100.49 99.61 - [ 3.52 ' 55.57 56.86 55.05 1 3 1 2 1 1- [ 2.08 [[[ 62.64 56.86 63.12 2 3 2 ) 1( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ' ) 0.05( '' ) 0.01 ([[[ ) ( )

2 / 8 / 2 - .

: . [ ) ( ) [ (

1995 1987 Mann

) ( : . -) 1 ( . ) ( ) 0.905 0.911 ( ) 24.91 ( ) 2 ( / . ) [ ( ) 0.982 0.976 ( . 2004 2004 ) 12.30 ( ) 3 ( . ) ( ) 0.777 0.787 ( ) 11.26 ( ) 4 ( . ) ( ) 0.787 0.794 ( ) 10.80 (

) 5 ( . ) ( ) 0.591 0.737 ( 1995 ) 9.30 (

: . ) ( - .1 - ) (2 - [ ) (3 - ) (4 - ) (5 - ) ( .1 - ) (2 - [ ) (3 - ) (4 - ) (5 - ) (

: . ) 346 ( ) 142 (

) ( ) ( ) (

1991 ) ( 1980

: . ) ( .1 - ) (2 - [ ) (3 - ) (4 - ) (5 - ) ( .1 - ) (2 - ) (3 - [ ) (4 - ) (

) ( ) ( 1995

: . ) - - ( 1 - ) 164 ( 2 - ) 167 ( 3 -) 157 ( ) ( ) (

1995 1978

: . ) - - ( 1 - ) 223 ( 2 - ) 200 ( 3 - ) 65 (

) [ ( ) [ (

: . 1 - 18 - 23 ) 243 ( 2 - 24 - 35 ) 138 ( 3 - 36 - 60 ) 106 (

) ( ) [ (

- : . ) ( ) [ : . -) 1 ( ) ()2 ( [ ) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) () 5 ( ) ( : . - .1 - ) (2 - [ ) (3 - ) (4 - ) (5 - ) (

.1 - ) (6 - [ ) (7 - ) (8 - ) (9 - ) ( : . ) ( ) ( ) ( . .1 - ) (2 - [ ) (3 - ) (4 - ) (5 - ) ( .1 - ) (2 - ) ( 3 - [ ) ( 4 - ) (

. ) ( ) ( . ) [ ( ) [ ( . ) ( ) [ (

: : :

1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 -

References

:1 2 ) 1994 :( ) 30 ( )8 ( 3 ) 1985 ( / 4 ) ( 5 ) 1992 ( 6 ) 2000 ( 7 ) 1995 ( ) 22