3

I. ..5

1.1. 5

1.2. 8

1.3. 12

II. 17

2.1. .17

2.2. ..18

III. .26

3.1. .26

3.2. , .27

3.3. , .34

3.4. ..43

3.5. ..48

54

57

, , () , , , , , Who? What? , , , . , , , , ( ) , . . : , . , , . , . , . , .

- , , . - , , .. , : ?Bu kim? ? Bu ne? :- ;

-

- , ;

- ;

) , ) , ) , ), , ) .

, .

. .

, , .

, . . .

, , ,

.

.

.

.

1. 1.1.

, : ? (Who is this?) ? (What is this?). (a table, a house, water), (a girl, a cat), (rain, peace, beauty, work, darkness). [1; .295].

: 1) , , ; 2) , - ; 3) , - , , , : 1) , - ; 2) ( - ), .

s, [z] [s] :

hand - - handsmachine - - machines , s, ss, x, sh, ch, . . , -es . -es [iz]:

Class classesBox box , -y , -es, -y i:

city citiesarmy - armies

y , -s. y i:day daysboy - boys

-s, :

man - - men -

woman - - women -

people : there were many people there, , people , , , : The Russian people is invincible - .

(, , ): tidings - , thanks .

police.

, : a, an, the. a (an , ) one , -, . [2; .165]I am a student. - .

This is an apple. - (- ). , .

This is a book. There are books.

, a (an) .

the that. , , , . , , .

:

1) .

Where is the pen? ? ( )

2) , .

What is the longest river in the world? He was the first to come.

3) ( , , , , ..).

The Indian ocean, the Baltic sea, the North, the Thames, the Alps.

4) , .

What is the brightest mountain in the world?

5) , : in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon, etc.

. :

1) - .

Crime is a problem in most big cities. , - .Life has changed a lat in the last to year. , .

2) : England, Russia, London, Mr.Johnson, Tuscany. , , . The Johnsons. .

3) , . He always go the South in summer. English classes are on Monday.

1.2.

. (. . ) , . , , , . , - - 1- . , , , . , , . , () trk '; ' -le, (', '), -tr, (', '), : - ( ), -m (), -dik ( , , , ), -leri ( , 3- ), -nden ( ), -siniz ( 2- ), : trkletire-mediklerindensiniz ' , () '. [23; .99] ( ), ( , , . ) , , , . . ( , ). ( ) , . . . , , , . , () () . , , (. ), , ( , ). , biare '; ' -are ; ( ), bi . intizam '; ' , , n, z m, ti . , , .

, , : . , . . : + + . . () (, . .). [27; .318] , , , , , .

, : I ( , -i, -u, -) yap '; ' ( ''), veri ', ' (ver ''); GA (ga, -ka, -ge, -ke) blge '' (bl ''), dalga '' (dal ', '); GI (-g, -gi, -gu, -g, -k, -ki; -ku, -k) bilgi ', ' (bil ''), yetki '' (yet ', '), atk ', ' (at ''); (I)M (-m, -m, -im, -um, -m) bilim '' (bil ''), blm '; , (bl '').

, : (A)K (-k, -ak, -ek) aksak '' (aksa ''), korkak '' (kork ''); (l)k (-k, -k, -ik, -uk, -k) souk '' (sou ''), ak '' (''), dk '' (d ''); GIN ( gn, -gin, -gun, -gn, -kn, -kin, -kun, -kn) krgn '' (kr ''), sekin ', ' (se ''); GAN (-gan, -gen, -kan, -ken) alkan '' (al ''), zgn '' (z '').

, : L (-la, -le) balamak '; ' (ba ''), temizlemek ', ' (temiz ''); ()L (-l, -al, -el, -l, -il, -ul, -l) incelmek ' ' (ince '', yanlmak '' (yan ', ').

, ; CI (c, -ci, -cu, -c, -, -i, -u, -) -avc '' (av '; '), yolcu '; ' (yol ''); CIK (-ck, -cik, -cuk, -ck, -k, -ik, -uk, -k) tepecik '' (tepe ''), Mehmetik '' (Mehmet '').

, , . ( ): , , , evlerimizde ' ' (ev '', lr , -imiz 1- , -de ). , (. ): lar, lr. .

1.-m, -im, -im, -um, -m

-mz, -miz, -muz, -mz, -mz, -imiz, -umuz, -mz

2.-n, -m, -in, -un, -n

-nz, -niz, -nuz, -nz, -nz, -iniz,

-unuz, -nz

. -, -i, -u, ,

( -s, -si, -su, -s) -lari, -leri

, , , , , ev '': evim ' , evin ' ', evi ' () ', evimiz ' ', eviniz ' ', evleri ' '. , , , , , masa '': masam ', masan ' ', masas ' () ', masamz ' ', masaniz ' ', masalar ' '.

1.3.

. - , , - . , .. : [6; .28]mona - , steorra - ,

bricg - , tigol - - ,

scip - , eage - - .

, : wlf - mgden - .

XVII . , , - , , it. , , .

, , .

- , . , man woman, author authoress. , . , , : -ess, -ette, -ine. hostess, waitress, governess, stewardess .

woman doctor, she-doctor, doctress, doctorine.

, ette: astronette, cosmonette, aviarette, farmarette, pickette - woman striker ( -), copette woman police officer (-). -: usherette, screenette, glamorette. , , , :

1. : - man, boy; - woman, girl; table, house;2. - he, she, it;3. : -ess, -ine, -er, -ette;4. : a woman-doctor, a he-cousin. - , , , . .. , . , . - -, -. :

1. , :

ana , baba -

2. , :

erkek ici - ( - )

kz ici - ( - )

- . -lar, -ler.

:

1. (, ..) + (-lar, -ler)

be kz - , be kz-lar

. 3

2. (-lar, -ler)

rus - -|-,rus-lar

3. = (-lar, -ler). . 1

be kz-lar - ()

4. -lar, -ler -

zm - => zm-ler -

5. , , .

kan - => kan-lar -

6. (, .) + (-lar, -ler)

Ivanov - => Ivanov-lar ( )

7. + (-lar, -ler) "", "".

Namk Kemal-lar =>

8. + ( ) + (-lar, -ler)

Vali geldi-ler =>

9. (-biz, -siz) + (-lar, -ler)

biz - => bizler -

10.

yer - => yer yer [27; .108]

:

1. -m, -mi, -mu, -m Bu kz gzel mi? - ?

2. - kim? ne? . kim geldi? - ?

3. "?" sen? - ( ?)

4. + .1 + talebe mi idik? - ?

5. deil + :

ta mi byk deil? - ?

ta byk m deil? - ?

ta byk deil me? - ?

,

1. deil, - "-"

: , + deil, byk - => byk deil -

2. deil

: + deil +

ben oretmen deil-im -

II.

2.1.

(case). (noun) . , , : (common case) (possessive case). .

(general meaning) , , . , , , . (book, table, street, building) .

. ? , (possession), - (the idea of belonging), (different kind of relations), (authorship), (place), (measure) (quality). -s. , . , -s.

Mikes bag ( )

My relatives house ( )

Childs bycicle ( )

James secretary ( )

, (animite objects and animals). (inanimite objects and abstract notions) . of+ , .

The window of the house ( )

The problems of the company ( )

The leg of the chair ( )

The chapter of the book ( )

:

Yesterdays newspaper ( )

A years salary ( )

, ! [32; .134]2.2.

:

.

.

.

.

.

.

. , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , . . . , , , ; , ( , ), , , .

, . (. ).

: Moskova'da - ; stanbul'a ; Eskiehir'den .

, : ? (kim? ?) ? (ne? ?). , (, ). .

:baba ; ev ; oda tarla ; kemer at ; ba ; ocuk oyuncak muayenehane

: ? ? ? ? (kimin? ? ; nenin? ? - ).

-n -in -un -n

-nn -nin -nun -nn

At ba ( , )ocuk oyunca Dii muayenehanesi Kpr kemeri

, .

:altn ; tarak altn tara sof ; gmlek sof gmlei ( altn sof , .)

( ), . , . : ? (nereye? e- ?) ? ? (kime? ?) ? ? (neye? ? niye? ?).

--

--

3- ( , , , ) n.

: babaya , ata , gle , diiye , odaya (girmek) () () aaca (kmak) () () tramvaya (binmek) () () kza , kzlara , kzma , kzlarma , eve , evinize , evlerinize , kzna , ; , kzlarna , ; , ; , ; , evine , ; , evlerine , ; , ; , ; ,

, , 2- , , 3- ( = ), , 2- , , 3- , , 3- , , 3- ( = = = ).

, ( - , ). : ? (nerede? ?) ? (kimde? - ?) ? ? (nede? ?).

-da -de

-ta -te

: yl ; ay ; an gemi ylda bu ayda u anda odada , odalarda - evde , ; evimde - kzda ; kzmda - kznda ; ; kzlarnda ; , ; evinde ; evlerinde ; , ; [23; .95] , , 2- , , 3- ( , = , ), , 2- , , 3- , , 3- , , 3- ( , = , = , = , ).

: ? (nereden? - ?) ? (kimden? ?) ? ? (neden? ?) ? (niin? ?). .

-dan -den

-tan -ten

: cuma ; cumadan - odadan ; odalardan evden ; evimden kzdan ; kzmdan - kzndan ; kzlarndan ; ; ; evinden ; evlerinden ; ; ; .

, , 2- , , 3- ( , = , ), , 2- , , 3- , , 3- , , 3- ( , = , = , = , ).

, ( ). : ? (Kimi? ?) ? (neyi? ? ne? ?).

--i-u-

-y-y-yu-y

:

babay ( .

, )

babam babalarmz dostu dostumu

III.

3.1.

, , , , , , ! ? : , , . ( , . , . , .) . , , ? , -lar. , -lr. .

(, , )(e, , 0

-lar-lr

( , , ):

kz kzlar

dost dostlar

iek iekler

gz gzler

balk balklar

kitap kitaplar

at atlar

: , . , , , ( ) , . : Denizde gemi var ; Denizde gemiler var . , , gemi , , .

3.2.

. . , . [23; .29]1. s (-'s) . -'s [s] [z] [iz] , . . , -s .

student student's

friend friend's

boy boy's

Jones Jones's

horse horse's

bullet the boy's books ,

bullet the student's notes ,

bullet my friend's father bullet the horse's hoof .

2. , -s, :

boys boys'

friends friends'

students students'

bullet the boys' books -- ,

bullet the students' notes -- ,

-s, 's, . . , : children's voices .

, . . . , , :

bullet Newton's Laws of Motion are based upon his own and Galileo's experiments, -- .

. of:

bullet the professor's lectures = the lectures of the professor.

, . :

1. ship, world, country, nature, earth, sun, moon, water, ocean :

bullet The earth's resources are quite enough to meet the material needs of the people. - , .

, : coil sides , piston's motion the plane's propellers . .

2. , ,

bullet September's earliest frosts had touched the forests -- .

3. , a year's absence ; a day's journey ; a mile's distance . . .

bullet was within five minutes' walk of Berry Street -- . .

bullet at my sister's (= ) ,

bullet at a (the) baker's ( ),

bullet at the chemist's ( ),

bullet at the florist's ( : ) . .

( ), , , -:

dost ; dostu ; dostum masa ; masas

ev ; evi ; evim ; evin ; eviniz ; evimiz ; evleri ( ).

( 3- ) , ( , , , ). , 3- : .

1- (, , , )

-m-im-um-m

-m -m -m -m

:

boaz ; kz kalem ; dil boazm ; kzm - kalemim ; dilim -

1- (, , , )

-mz -mz -umuz -timz

-mz -mz -muz -mz

:

dostumuz

sabunumuz gzmz

glmz masamz

balkmz

2- (, , , )

-n-in-un-n

-n-n-n-n

:

boazn kzn kalemin dilin

2- (, , , )

-iniz -iniz -unuz -unuz

-nz -nz -nuz -nuz

:

boaznz kznz kaleminiz diliniz

3- (, )

--i-u-

-s

-si

-su

-s

:

dostu () sabunu () gz () gl () boaz () kz () kalemleri () dostlar ()

3- (, )

-lar-leri

: gzleri ( ) glleri ( ) dostlar ( ) kalemleri ( ) [27; .66] , , , , () , , 3- , , .

:

1. . (i, i, ) , .

( ): isim isim + im = ismim ; isim + i =ismi / resim resim + im = resmim resim + i = resmi / aln aln + m = alnm aln + i = aln /

2. . , : -> b, -> , t -> d, k ->g.

: kitap ; kitap + = kitab - pili ; pili + in = pilicin kanat ; kanat + m = kanadm renk ; renk + i = rengi aa ; aa + = aac -

, , . : resim (-mi), kitap (-b).

3.3. , , ; CI (c, -ci, -cu, -c, -, -i, -u, -) -avc '' (av '; '), yolcu '; ' (yol ''); CIK (-ck, -cik, -cuk, -ck, -k, -ik, -uk, -k) tepecik '' (tepe ''), Mehmetik '' (Mehmet '').

, , . ( ): , , , evlerimizde ' ' (ev '', lr , -imiz 1- , -de ). , (. ): lar, lr. .

1.-m, -im, -im, -um, -m, -mz, -miz, -muz, -mz, -mz, -imiz, -umuz, -mz

2.-n, -m, -in, -un, -n, -nz, -niz, -nuz, -nz, -nz, -iniz,-unuz, -nz

. -, -i, -u, , ( -s, -si, -su, -s) -lari, -leri

, , , , , ev '': evim ' , evin ' ', evi ' () ', evimiz ' ', eviniz ' ', evleri ' '. , , , , , masa '': masam ', masan ' ', masas ' () ', masamz ' ', masaniz ' ', masalar ' '.

-n, -in, -un, -n, -nn, -nin, -nun, -nn

-, -i, -u, -, -y, -yi, -yu, -y

-, -e, -ya, -ye

-da, -de, -ta, -te

-dan, -den, -tan, -ten

, , , , ( ), , , , , , . : evin ' (. .)', evi ' (. .)', eve ', ', evde ' ', evden ' '; masann '', masay ' (. .)', masaya ', ', masada ' ', masadan ' '.

( ): , (, ), , . : , , , . ( ).

-l ( ), -l, -il, -ul, -l

yazlmak ' '

( yazmak '')

-n ( ),

-n, -in, -un, -n

ykanmak ''

( ykamak '')

- ( ),

-, -i, -u, -

pmek ''

( pmek '')

-dr, -dir, -dur, -dr,

-t,-ar,-er ( .)

durdurmak ''

( durmak ''),

yazdrmak ' ' ( yazmak '')

, ( -m, -m) , (-abil, -ebil) (-ama, -eme), : yazmak '', yazmamak ' ', yazabilmek ' ' yazamamak ' '. , -m, -m.

: , , , , . (. . ) , , . -sa, -se (yapsa ' ; ' yapmak ''); : -mal, -meli (yapmal ' '); : -a, -e, -ya, -ye (yapa ' , '). 2- , , '', yaz ''.

: -yor ( ), -yor, -iyor, -uyor, -yor (yapyor ' ', geliyor ' ' yapmak '', gelmek ''); - -r ( ), -r, -ir, -ur, -r, -ar, -er (yapar ' ', gelir ' '); -yacak -yecek ( ), -acak, -ecek (yapacak ' ', gelecek ' '); -d, -di, -du, -d, -t, -ti, -tu, -t (yapt ' ', geldi ' '); -ms, -mis, -mu, -m (yapm ', , ', gelmi ', , ').

, . , . . , . , -, .

1-

( )

1.

-(y)m, -(y)im, -(y)um, -(y)m

-(y)z, -(y)iz, -(y)uz, -(y)z

2.

-sn, -sin, -sun, -sn

-snz, -siniz, -sunuz, -snz

.

lar, -ler

(, , , ) : yapmyorum ' ', geliyoruz ' ', yapamamsinz ', , ', yapmsin ', , ', gelecekler ' ', yaplacak '() '. - : yaparm ', , ', yaparsn ', , ', r ', , ', yaparz ', , ', yaparsnz ', , ', yaparlar ', , ' , : yapmam ', , ', yapmazsin ', , ', yapmaz ', , ', yapmayz ', , ', yapmazsnz ', , , yapmazlar ', , '. - , . . ' ', ' ' . .

, .

1.-m -k

2.-n -nz, -niz, -nuz, -nz

. --lar, -ler

: yaptk ' ', gelmedik ' ', yikandn ' ', yapsam ' ', gelsen ' ', gelmesek ' ', bilseniz ' '. -m, -m, , . .

, 1- (. ), , 3- -dr, -dir, -dur, -dr, -tr, -tir, -tur, -tr. ben '', sen '', '; : , biz '', siz '', onlar '': ben renciyim ' ' (renci '; '), sen rencisin ' ', rencidir ' ', biz renciyiz ' ', siz rencisiniz ' '. onlar rencidirler ' '. deil: ben renci deilim ' ', sen renci deilsin ' ', renci deildir ' , biz renci deiliz ' ', siz renci deilsiniz ' ', onlar renci deildirler ' '.

, , ( ), , : , . , dost '' iin '': dost iin.

: , , , , . , , , demir '', '' yedek ', ', ', '. , . . , . , , . , yeni , '', , , yeni ev ' '. , ' , ', , , yeni geldi '() '. . , , , . , , . . , yeni evlerde ' ' ( -lr , -de ) yeni ( ), , . ( ), , . . ; , ev ' ' ev '' -lr.

. , . : ) : ta kpr ' (.: ), ) , 3- : ocuk paltosu ' ' (.: ) ) , - 3- : ocuun paltosu ' () ' (.: ).

, , . . -, , , , . e. [a], [], [] [u], , . , . e. [e], [i], [] [], , () . , (. . , , ), , .

. , , , . , (, , ) (. e. [e], [i], [] [], . ), , , ( , ). , , (. e. [a], [], [] [u]), . , lkelerimizde ' ' (lke '', -l , mz 1- '', -de ) . arabalarmzda ' ' (araba '', -lar , -mz 1- '', -da ) . (. e. [], [i], [u] []) , (, , ) (. e. [] [i]), , , ( , ). , , (.. [u] []), . , kzmzn ' (. )' (kz '; ', -mz - 1- '', -n ) . zmzn ' (. )' (zm '', -mz 1- '', -n ) . . , ( , ). , . , arabada ' ' (araba ''), vapurda ' ' (vapur '') uakta ' ' (uak '') -da -ta .

, ([] []) ; , -da, -de, -ta, -te. ([], [i], [u] []) ; , -d, -di, -du, -d, -t, -ti, -tu, -t.

. --, . , : -, - ( , ) -ya, -ye ( , . . , , ; , istasyon '', iskelet '', islav '' . .

3.4.

. , . , . " " .

-mak, -mek-maklk, meklik-mazlk, -mezlik-mamazlk, -memezlik-(y) amamazlk, -() ememezlik-ma, -me ( )-maca, -mece-(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y) -m ||-m, -im, -um,-m-ml ||-ml, -imli, -umlu, -ml-(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y) -k |-k, -ik, -uk, -k || -ak, -ek-k, -ki, -ku, -k ||-g, -gi, -gu, -g-kan, -ken | -kn, -kin, -kun, -kn ||-gan, -gen | -gn, -gin, -gun, -gn-t, -ti, -tu, -t-n ||-n, -in, -un, -n-n ||-n, -in, -un, -n-ka, -ke | -ga, -ge ||-k, -ki, -ku, -k | -g, -gi, -gu, -g-dk, -dik, -duk, -dk ||-tk, -tik, -tuk, -tk1. -mak, -mek

1.1. ,

yaz-mak - => yaz-mak -

1.2.

par-mak -

2. -maklk, meklik

2.1. ,

yazmak - => yaz-maklk -

3. -mazlk, -mezlik

3.1. . .

gecik-mek - => gecik-mezlik -

4. -mamazlk, -memezlik

4.1. . .

say-mak - => saymamazlk -

5. -(y) amamazlk, -() ememezlik

5.1. . .

anlal-mak => anlal-amamazlk -

6. -ma, -me ( )

6.1. . .

yaz-mak - => yaz-ma -

6.2. , ().

ez-mek - => ez-me -

6.3. .

yaz-mak - => yaz-ma kitap -

7. -maca, -mece

7.1. .

at-mak - => at-maca -

7.2. .

kesmek - = > kes-me -

8. -(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y)

8.1. . .

yaz-mak - => yaz- -

8.2. . .

al-mak - => al- -

9. -m - .

-m, -im, -um,-m - .

9.1. . -.

yut-mak - => yut-um -

9.2. . , , .

i-mek - => i-im -

9.3. .

yar-mak - => yar-m -

10. -ml - .

-ml, -imli, -umlu, -ml - .

10.1. . , .

sa-mak - => sa-ml (inek) -

11. -(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y)

11.1. .

yazmak - => yaz- -

11.2. .

sk-mak - => sk- -

12. -k - .

-k, -ik, -uk, -k || -ak, -ek - .

12.1. .

kapa-mak - => kapa-k -

12.2. .

boz-mak - => boz-uk -

12.3. . " ".

yat-mak - => yat-ak -

13. -k, -ki, -ku, -k - ..

-g, -gi, -gu, -g - ...

13.1. . " ".

sil-mek - => sil-gi -

13.2. .

duy-mak - => duy-gu -

13.3. : -sz, -siz, -suz, -sz || -l, -li, -lu, -l. .

duy-mak - => duy-gu-lu - => duy-gu-suz -

14. -kan, -ken || -kn, -kin, -kun, -kn - ..

-gan, -gen || -gn, -gin, -gun, -gn - . ..

14.1. . .

istit-mek - => istit-ken -

14.2. .

yan-mak - => yan-gn -

15. -t, -ti, -tu, -t

15.1. - - (-n, -in, -un, -n).

yk-mak - , => yk-n-mak - => yk-n-t =>

15.2. -r.

gmbr gmbr - => gmbr-t - ,

15.3. -l.

vzl vzl - - => vzl-t -

16. -n - .

-n, -in, -un, -n - .

16.1. .

ek-mek - => ek-in -

16.2. .

yo-mak => yo-un -

17. -n - .

-n, -in, -un, -n - .

17.1. .

sev-in-mek - => sev-in -

17.2. .

gl-mek - => gl-n -

18. -ka, -ke || -ga, -ge

-k, -ki, -ku, -k || -g, -gi, -gu, -g

18.1. .

yz-mek - => yz-ge -

18.2. .

utan-mak - => utan-ga -

19. -dk, -dik, -duk, -dk - . ..

-tk, -tik, -tuk, -tk - ..

19.1.

de-mek - => de-dik -

19.2. || . (-ma, -me).

ara-ma-dk yer -

19.3. , " - ".

19.4. sonra / baka, " -".

19.5. , :

-

-

3.5. . , . , . " " .

-c, -ci, -cu, -c || -, -i, -u, - + -(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y) = , + -c, -ci, -cu, -c || -, -i, -u, -, -da || -ta -l, -li, -lu, -l + + -l, -li, -lu, -l + -l, -li, -lu, -l + + -l, -li, -lu, -l + -(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y) = , + -l, -li, -lu, -l, -sz, -siz, -suz, -sz-lk, -lik, -luk, -lk, -ck, -cik, -cuk, -ck || k, -ik, -uk, -k-cak, -cek, -caz, -ceiz, -caz, -ciez, -ca, -ce || a, -e-rak, -rek, -() mtarak || -() ms, -(i) msi, -(u) msu, -() ms-() ms, -(i) msi, -(u) msu, -() ms, -ki,-al, -el, -ul, -l, hane, -ane :

1. -c, -ci, -cu, -c - . ..

-, -i, -u, - - ..

1.1. :

hava - => hava-c -

1.1. :

yalan - => yalan-c -

1.3. :

kira - => kira-c -

2. + -(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y) = , + -c, -ci, -cu, -c || -, -i, -u, -

2.1.

sat-mak - => sat- - => sat--c =>

3. -da - . ..

-ta - ..

3.1. , ,

yol - => yol-da -

4. -l, -li, -lu, -l

, -.

4.1.

4.2. =>

tat - => tat-l -

4.3. , .

bir - => bir-li -

4.4. , , , (, )

Moskova - => Moskova-l -

5. + + -l, -li, -lu, -l

5.1. , -

drt ayak - => drt ayak-l -

6. + -l, -li, -lu, -l +

+ -l, -li, -lu, -l

6.1. ,

aa-l () yukar-l () =>

6.2. ,

yaz-l () k-l () =>

7. + -(y) , -(y) i, -(y) u, -(y) = , + -l, -li, -lu, -l

7.1.

yaz-mak - => yaz- - => yaz--l -

8. -sz, -siz, -suz, -sz

8.1. "-", "-"

tat - => tat-sz -

9. -lk, -lik, -luk, -lk

9.1. , , , .

ana - => ana-lk -

9.2. (, ).

kulak - => kulak-lk -

9.3. "".

ta- => talk -

9.4.

ar - => arlk -

9.5.

iki - => iki-lik -

9.6.

dakika - => dakikalk -

9.7. " .."

sat - => sat-lk -

10. -ck, -cik, -cuk, -ck - . . .

-k, -ik, -uk, -k - ..

10.1. ,

Dima - => Dimack -

10.2. ,

kap - => kap-ck -

10.3. ,

ksa - => ksack -

11. -cak, -cek - . ..

-ak, -ek - ..

11.1. , - ? ? ?

12. -caz, -ceiz, -caz, -ciez

-az, -eiz, -az, -iez

12.1. , - .

kpek - => kopeceiz -

-k, .

13. -ca, -ce - . . .

-a, -e - ..

13.1. (-dka, -dike || -(y) nca || -casna || -maca)

13.2.

ksa - => ksaca -

13.3. . kadar-, gibi - . .

asker - => asker-ce -

13.4. - - .

fransz - => fransz-ca - , -

13.5.

ben - => ben-ce - -

13.6. (? ?)

hkumet - => hukumet-e -

14. -rak, -rek

14.1.

ac - => ac-rak

15. -() mtarak || -() ms, -(i) msi, -(u) msu, -() ms

15.1. (-)

sar - => sar--ms -

16. -() ms, -(i) msi, -(u) msu, -() ms

-() s, -(i) si, -(u) su, -() s

16.1. .

kre - => kre-msi -

17. -ki

17.1. .

sabah - => sabah-ki -

17.2. , ""

ev- => evde-ki -

18. -al, -el, -ul, -l

18.1.

19. hane, -ane

19.1. " -"

hasta - => hast-ane -

, , , . , , , , , , , , .

, . , , , , .

, , ( ). , , , . , .

- .

: , , , , .

, . : . , . , , .

. ( ).

, .

, (singularia tantum): ) (, ), ) (, ), ) (, ), ) , (, ).

, , , (pluralia tantum): ) (, ), ) , (, ), ) (, ), ) , (, ).

, , ; , : , .

.

, .

, (, , , ..).

, , , . , , : , ; , (, , ), , (, , , ).

.

, , , , .

1. .. . - .: , 1986, 295 .

2. . . . - .: . , 1975.- 240 .

3. .. . - .: . , 1994. - 381 .

4. . . : 3 - . - .: - , 2002. - 208 .

5. . ., .. : . . . 2- . . . .: , 1989 143., .

6. : . . - 2, - , 1999. - 134 .

7. .. ( ). , 2000. 385 .8. .. . ., 1975. 303 .9. ., , ., 1928

10. .. A.M. : (). ., 1981 // . 1983 2.11. .. :

12. .. . , 1984.13. ., , . , . III (., 1928) . IV (., 1930) ( ).

14. .. . ., 1962. 608 .15. .. . .: , 1980.- 165 .16. .. . . , 1993. 390 .

17. .. . . -.: , 1976.- 695 .

18. . . . .: , 1967. ( )

19. .. . 4.2. . .: - , 1977.-85 .20. .., .. . - ., 1978.

21. .. . . , 1999. 224 .

22. . . . . .: ; , 2000. - 320 .

23. - . - . , 1846.24. .. .. . - .: , 2002. - 716 .

25. .. . ., 1978.

26. . . ( ). . - - . ./ - .: . ., 1990 - 253 .

27. .. . M. ., 1956.-569 .28. - : . . -, , , 2002 .

29. . ., .. // : / . ; . .: .., .., .. . .: Academia, 2005.

30. , 2005: 478482.

31. .. , .. . .. -1957.

32. . . . ., 1976.

33. . 2 / .. , .. , .. .. .; . .. , , . .: - , 1980 1: , , , , , 784.

34. .., .. - . . . , 1979. 302 .35. . . ( ). .: . . , 1986 395 .

36. 1 , 2007.

37. .. . ., 1969.38. Deny J., Grammaire de la langue turque (dialecte osmanli), P., 1921 ( )

39. Weil G., Grammatik der osmanisch-trkischen Sprache, B., 1917

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