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A .3 . B E J W I O B

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A .3 .E ejiflj iO B

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KaK CTaTb MHJIJIHOHepOM

b CHr(jiera jib H b ie MeTOflbi o6oram eH M fl)

MocKBa - 1992

BEJI5UI0B A.3. KaK erarb mhjuihohcpom b CHT OiercuibHbic mctoah oo6rani;eHH5i).- M.: MBU, AwTO/iaH npw yMacTHH AJIEO BYK, 1992 r.

B nacmosiueu Knuze pacKpbiaatomcH 603M0XH0cmu 6u3neca e ycjio- 6UHX pa36U6afOUUXCSl pblHOHHblX omnoiuenuu. IJpuQodsimcsL HanpaejieHUH, npuMepbi u Memodbi o6o2au e^Husi npednpuHUMamejieu na ocHoee codJifodenuH 3ukoho6 cmpan Codpyxcecmea He3aeucuMbix rocydapcme.

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n p m yiam aeT cneunajincT O B c o cb o h m h oSteMaMM p a6oT . O ruiaT a b R p am aH iim e cpoKH

b p a3M ep e 9 0 - 9 8 % o t ofrteM a ( 6 8 - 7 4 % C y^eTOM B3HOCOB B IleHCHOHHblH (JjOHfl).

TejietjjOHbi: 1 8 7 - 9 0 - 7 2 . 1 8 1 - 4 0 - 3 9

ISBN 5 - 89979 - 005 - 9

BejrajioB A.3. MBU, AiiTcyiaH

COAEP2KAHHE

BcTynjieHHe 4

1. JlerajibHbie MeTOAw o6orameHH5i(HeKOTOpbie HanpaBjieHH) 5

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OCHOBHasi uejlb KHHTM COCTOHT B TOM, qTOfibl Ha OCHOBC HCII0Jlb30BaHHonwTa 3anaAa h CTpaH CHr BusiBHTb Han6ojiee acjxfreKTHBHbie HanpaBjieHH ^6n3Heca h 0Ka3aTb Ha^ HHaioiiHM npeAnpwHHMaTejMM MaK- CHMajibHyio npaKTHêcKy 10 noMomb b 3apa6aTMBaHHH 3Ha wrejibHbix ac- HextHbix cpeACTB.

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A i iT 6 a x B ejisu ioB KaHAHAar skohommmcckhx HayK

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1. J I E r A J I b H b lE M E T O A b I O E O r A H E H H S I (HeKOTOpbie H anpaBjieH H fl)

1 .1 . MeTOAbi nepB O H anajibH oro HaKonjieHHH K aiu rrajia

Hto Hy^ KHO jyisL xoro, mto6h cTaTb 6oraraM? C Mero Haâtb ABHaceHHe K 3T0H IeJIH?

JXjisl Toro, mto6m HawaTb kom m epMecKyio flesrre^bHocTb, HyeH nepBOHaMajibHHH KanHTaji. Ecrb Hecicojibico nyTen ajih ero npHo6pexeHH5i: s t o h HcnaJib30BaHHe j ih h h w x HaKoimeHHH, Mo6miH3a- iH# BHyTpeHHHx pecypcos (MO^ceT BcraTb Bonpoc h o npoflaace Mero-To H3 OTMHHXBemeM, npeflMexoB) h nojiyweHHe Kpe^ HTOB. A m o^kho rjix Haâjia 3aHflTbca t o h MacTbio 6H 3H eca, KOTopasi He T pe6yeT nepBOHaMajibHoro ica- nHTajia (6ojiee noApo6HHe peKOMenAau.Hn no 3T0My Bonpocy npHBeaeHbi HH^ ce). ripn 3 to m npoiecc HaKoiuieHHst nepsoHaMajibHoro KanHTajia He-06x0flHM0 HHTeHCH(^ HU,HpOBaTb, h6o B yCJIOBHSLX npoAOjmaiomeHca JlttlHH ACHbrH 6bICTpO TepJIIOT CBOIO nOKynaTCJIbCKyiO CnOCOHOCTb. Tl03T0My TeM, kto pe ui mica BcraTb Ha nyTb 6n3Heca, kto wyBCTByeT ce6si f o to b h m k 3TOMy, Heo6xoflHMO npHCTynaTb k a e j iy 6e3 npoMea;ieHH5L

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CTasjieHHe c6opHraca jiyMmHx comh^chhh, pememisi paajiHMHbix 3aâM noMaTCMaTHKC, (J)H3HKe, XHMHH H AP*)*

13. HacTHaa cjiyxc6a npoKaTa (pa3jm*ffloro HHCTpyMenra, actckhx Be- mew, HrpymeK h ap.) .

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b Henpncnoco6jieHHHx noMemeHHax, ohh xopomo 3anjiaTT BaM).16. floMauiHflH rocTHHHii;a y Aoporn.17. floMaurnee Kacj)e y Aoporn.18. HacTHaa (|)HpMa no opraHH3aiHH Tpyaa h orAbixa.19. Hacraaa 6H6jmoTeica.20. Maiu6iopo Ha flOMy.21. KcepoiconHpoBaHHe Ha AOMy.22. HaCTHblH H3B03 c noMombio CBoero abtomo6hji5i.23. Maicjiep no o6MeHy ;khjioh iuiomaAH.24. XyaoacecTBeHHoe aTe^be Ha AOMy.25. ABTOcepBHC.26. Hacraoe H3AaTejibcicoe acjio.27. OpraHH3aiH5i bhktophh.28. 3aoMHbie jcypcw (6yxrajixepoB, MaccaauiCTOB, ceicpeTapeH-MaiiiH-

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HocTbK). Bh 3apa6oTaeTe 6ojibuiHe fleHbra, ecjiw oropoAHTe yâcroK rura- aca, OMHCTHTe o t MejiKoro Mycopa necoK, ycraHOBHTe ropKH, BumKH h 6yAeTe 6paTb no 5-15 py6, c Kaaqoro orAHxaiomero).

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TeppHTopwH nocjie CTpoHTejibCTBa, pea^H3aiHH o t x o a o b KHpnwMHoro npOH3BOACTBa.

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TB03AMK h p o 3 (o h h H a n f o j i e e H e n p H x o T jiH B b ie ) ; 3 a p a 6 o T a B H a 3 t o m 3 a Ten/ibiH nepwoA roAa HeKOTopbiH icanHTaji, nocrpoiiTe Ha 3HMy Tenjmuy, Aa*e ecran Ha 3 t o yPmyT Bce HaiconjieHHH. 3aT0 b nocjieAyiomHe fo a w Brne cocroflHHe 6yAeT pacTH b reoMeTpwMecKOH nporpeccHH. JIapbKH j\jin pacnpoAaacH iBeTOB ycTaHaBjiHBaitTe y Mara3HHOB, Ha iviaBHbix yjiHiax, nepeKpecTKax.

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n p 0 H3 B0 ACTB0 n o AoroBopy o npeA npH H TH eM .65. H 3roT0RJieHHen0jiy(J)a6pHKaT0B, ys^OB, 3anqacreHHT.A. no3aKa3y

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f l p o i e c c nepBOHaM a^bHOix) HaKoruieHHH ican H T ajia AOJiaceH, H a H a in B3 I7ISLA, 6 a 3H poBaTbC5i b o c h o b h o m n a KpaTKQcpoMHbix A e j ia x . H a n p H M e p , 3 t o CAejiKa K y m iH -n p o A a a cH , r ^ c h c H y ^ H b i 6 o j ib u m e BjroxceHHH. T o e c r b , rAe-TO m t o - t o flen ieB O K ynH Tb h t a c - t o KaK-TO a o p o r o n p oA aT b .

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m ecTBjieHHH T o p ro B o ii AeaTejibHOCTH;3 ) K h h i t i . T o p ro B jiH hmm c e i r a a c b h o b b h a c t 6 o h k o . H ecM O T pa H a o 6 h -

j m e KHHr H a pH H K e, s t o je n o o c r a e r c a nepcneK TH B H H M h n p n 6 b u ib H H M . T a c B35m> n o rocyA apcT B eH H oii ie H e Aec^HUHTHbie k h h f h ? J o c ra T b h x m o ;k h o b peraoHax, rA e o c h o b h o c H aceêH H e H e pyccK 0H 3H *iH 0e. 3 t o c e j ia M o j i a o b h , HacTHviHO E e j ia p y c n , Y K paH H H . B cejibC K nx M a ra 3H H ax h x m o jk h o K ynH Tb n o ro c u e H e . H a 6 p a B TOBapa, B aM o c r a e T c a 0p raH H 30BaTb K o o n e p a ra B n o n p o K a T y noA 3 a jio r . I lA e a p ea jm 3 y eT C 5 i, H an p H M ep , H a BOK3ajiax;

4) ByAbTe KOMMepcaHTOM no pea jiH 3 a iH H npoAyKiHH Majiwx npeAnpHHTHH h j ih K00nepaTHB0B. B o a h h x pernoHax s t o h npOAyxiHH MHOIX), B APyrHX - OCTPHH AJ)HU;HT. Hy^KHO B35ITb AOKyMeHT, yAOCTO-Bep5H0m,HH Bame npeACTaBHTejibCTBO K o o n e p a ra B a h j ih Majioro ^ peAnpH ATH fl, C K ynH Tb napraio np oA yK iH H h nep en p a B H Tb ee b A p y ro pemoH. Me>Kpecny6^HKaHCKHH 6apbep Bh npeoAOJieeTe, ecjm 3 a pe rH C T p H p yere c b o io AesiTejibHOCTb b to m perH OHe, OTKyAa b h b o 3 h tc , h b to m , KyAa BB03HTe TOBap. A TpyAoycTpoHB b Bamy opraHH3airao a o no- j io b h h h neHCHOHepoB, Bh noAy^HTe 3HanHTejibHHe jib ro ra b Hajioroo6- jio^ceHHH;

5) OpraHH3yHTe c6op h jih a c y n K y t o t o b o h cejibCK0X035iHCTBeHH0H npoAyKi^HH b paH O H ax, rA e ee M H oro. B ieH Tp ajib H H X ic p y n H H x ro p o A a x ee m ohcho n p oA aT b , K a x n p a sH jio , b 2 -3 pa3a Aopoace. ApeH AO BaB M a n m H y AJia nepeB03KH, B h x o p o m o 3apa6oTaeTe;

6) YCTpOHTeCb CTOpO^CeM HJIH pa60THHK0M B CeJIbCK0X03HHCTBeHHHX opraHH3auîHx b io x h h x p e cn y 6 ;iH K a x . EaceroAHO n p o n cx o A H T B epoBK a ju o A e ii b ca am . IIo 0K 0m a H H H ce30H a pa6oT 6epH Te H aTypajibH O H om iaTO H- n p o A y K U H e ii. I ly c T b Ta o p raH H 3 a iH si, b k o to p o h b h p a 6 o T a jiH , n p eA O cra B H T B a M T p a H cn o p T h H e o6 xoA H M H e AO K yM eH TH r j m T p a H cn o p T H p o B K H cejibCK0X03HHCTBeHH0H n p o A y K iH H b ceB ep H H e paHOHH CTpaHH

9

7) Ilp0H3B0flHTe 3aKynKy KOH(J)eT, moKOJiaAa, nencH h APyrwx npoflyKTOB b npHrpaHHMHux panoHax h CAaBairre no AoroBopHOH ieHe b pecropaHH KpynHwx ropoAOB U,eHTpa, a oco6eHHo K)ra. BHyTpHpecny6jiHKaHCKHH 6apTep: Tyâ nencn, moKojiaA, a OTTyaa 4>pyKTbi;

8) OpraHH3yMTe acynicy TOBapoB b norpamumoH c KuraeM 30He, b Xa- 6apoBCKe, HanpwMep, h CAaBaiiTe b kommcpmcckhc Mara3HHH KpynHHx ropoflOB IeHTpa. HanpHMep, ieHa KHTaftcKOH kocmcthkh b Mockbc h Kh- eBe b MTb pa3 Bbirne, hqm b Xa6apoBCKe. AHajionmHbie 5ibjichh5i np oH cxoflflT H a coBeTCKO-nojibCKOH rpaH H ii;e;

9) JoroBopHTecb c opraHH3au,HsiMH FIpifaMypba, hmcioiuhmh jmueH- 3hio Ha otjiob KpacHOH pn6n. OpraHH3yHTe TpaHcnoprwpoBKy KpacHoii Pw6m h pw 6onpoA yK TO B c Z a jib H ero BocTOKa b 3 anaA H H e h u ,eH T pajibH H e paifOHH CHI\ a Taxate b nojibmy. Kax npaBiuio, pa3HHu,a b ieHax aocth- raeT 4 - 6 pa3;

10) H y , a e a iH B a n i ropoA - KpynHHH npoM Him ieHHHH ieHTp, h B h o c r p o o m y m a eT e n ep e o H c m o jio k o m , apeH AywTe MauiHHy h n o e 3 ^ a H T e b 6jiH^caMiiiHH k o jix o 3 . KyiuieHHoe TaM m o jio k o B h npoâ^H Te b r o p o t e m h - HMMyM b 4 - 5 p a 3 Aopo^ce. OnwT Oaccch CBHAeTejibCTByeT o t o m , m to Jiy h- rnee BpcMH jjisi ToproBjiH - no3AHHH Beêp;

11) B M ocK B e, C a H K T -F le T e p 6 y p re , K w eB e h m c io tc h o c Jm ch k o m - M epêcK M x cJ)HpM M H o n ix CTpaH M wpa. HacTO o h h c yAOBOjibCTBHeM c tcy - naiO T HeKO Topw e npoA yK Tbi h o t x o a h . 5 I p k h h npH M ep: m c a , rycH H H H h yTH H biii n y x (i e H a n y x a Ha 3 a n a A e 8 0 a o ju i . 3 a 1 k i \ ) . O h p m h pacnjia^M B aiO T C si BajiiOTOH. O p raH H 3 y H T e c 6 o p h n e p e n p o A a a c y 3 T o ro c u p b H h npoAyKTOB. B ajiiO T y q e p e 3 6 a H K o6paT H T e b p y 6 jm h noB T opH T e o n e p au ,H io e m e p a 3 . B c x o p e B h H a 6 ep e T e c o j i h a h h h x a riH T a ji;

12) CeHMac ecTb MHoro xejiaioiiHx KynHTb h j ih npoAaTb aBTOMo6mib, MOTOiHKji, BejiocHneA. Otkphb o(J)hc, CTaHbTe nocpeAHHicoM Meayy np0AaBU,0M h n o K y n aT ejieM ;

13) OpraHH3ywTe nocpeAHwqecKyio (fmpMy no npoAaace TOBapoB Ha BHyTpeHHeM h BHeumeM pHHice. fljisi 3Toro BaM hco6xoahmo HMeTb nepBHMHHH KanHTaji h bhhth Ha KOHTaKT c 3anaAHbiMH Te ocTopo>KHbi, no^yâwTe HHtjjopMaiHio o Baumx 3apy6eacHHx napTHepax H3 pa3HUX HCTOMHHKOB, CeHMaC nOA npHKpHTHCM COJIHAHblX (J)HpM ACHCT- ByiOT pa3Horo poAa acfcepHcra);

1 4 ) HeCHOK H3BCCT6H He TOJIbKO CBOHMH BKyCOBHMH H npO(J)WUiaKTHMeCKHMH KaMeCTBaMH, HO H JieMe6HbIMH CBOHCTBaMH. BnpanHBasi ero Ha apeHAyeMOM (cbocm npnycaAe6HOM) yMacTKe 3eM ra h TpaHcnoprapyfl ero Ha CeBep h flajibHHH B o cto k , B h nojiy^HTe r a r a m - CKyio npH6buib. flasce b K H p rH 3craH e, m iHMaT KOToporo 6jiaronpH5rreH W * BHpamHBaHHfl s to h KyjibTypH , ueHH Ha wecHOK OMeHb b h cok h;

1 5) flocraBbTe j ia p e x b j i i o a h h x Mecrax h opraHH3yHTe nepenpoAaacy npoAyKUHH K00nepaTHB0B h j ih rocyAapcrBeHHHx npeAnpHATHH n o a o f o - BOpeHHOCTH C HHMH. H a n p H M e p , Ha eê3HOAOpO^CHOM BOK3aJie, aBTO-BOK3ajie h t .a ;

10

16) OpraHH3yHTe jiapeic h jih mhhh-k1(J) no npoAaace npoxjiaAHTejibHx HanHTKOB. MroTOBHTb HanHTKH He TpyAHO. IIojiyMHTb HyacHyio h h - (JxjpMaiuno mojkho y pa60THHK0B o6m eim Ta. J lym n e pa6oraTb KaK caMo- c ro 5iTejibHoe npeAnpHHTwe o t TpecTa pecropaHOB h c to jio b h x B am ero ropoAa;

17) B jierHHH nepnoA Tpaccw, BeAymne Ha lOr, nepenojraeHH Maum- H3MH. MHorne npeAnpnsiTHx ropoAOB HyâiOTca b npoAasiax KBaca. 3a AeHb moxho peajiH30BaTb 3-4 6omkh KBaca;

18) B npH6pexcHHx mopckhx 30Hax, xax npaBimo, 3aBaji p h 6h . JI,oro- BopHTecb c pbi6onepepa6aTbiBaionHMH npeAnpnaTHsiMH h BamHM imme- ToproM Ha nocTaBKy pw6onp0AyKT0B b HyxtHHH jjjix Bac panoH no creneHH cnpoca. MoêTe Taxê 0praHH30BaTb He6o;ibmoM iex no nppH3BOACTBy Ph 6h h pbi60np0AyKT0B;

19) C noBbiniCHHCM Hajiora Ha 6apTep mhofo TOBapa oceAaeT b npnrpaHHMHbix 30Hax. TaM ohh npoAaiOTca Mepe3 komhcchohhhc Mara- 3HHH. PbIHOK HMH 3a6HT. B IeHTpajIbHHX paHOHaX U,eHH Ha 3TH TOBaph, icax npaBwio, b 2-4 pa3a BHine. Obe3AHTe TyAa, BauiH pacxoAH OKynTC MHoroKpaTHo;

20) peHAyHTe aBTOTpancnopT h opraHH3yHTe noe3AKy 3a ap6y3aMH b AcTpaxaHb b nepnoA c6opa ypoacaji (aBrycr). BwBe3HTe hx b CeBepHbie panoHbi CTpaHw, h Bh He TOjibKO OKynHTe Bce pacxoAH, ho h nojiyuHTe co^HAHyio npw6buib;

21) Cxynaa onTOM yjiOMKH, BeTMHHy h Aejiaa 6yTep6poAH, noe3acaifTe Ha npoMbniweHHbiH phhok Bamero ropoAa k rojiOAHWM npoAaBiaM h no- KynaTejiflM;

22) Hcno;ib3yfl pa3HOiuiaHOBHH Aekaoh H3 pecnyd/iHK;

23) OpraHH3yiiTe npoAaacy npoxjiaAHTejibHHx HanHTKOB Ha iuiflacax. Moxho TaK^ ce npoAaBaTb KOHAHTepcKHe H3AejiHH h MopoaceHoe. 3aicjiio- MHTe AoroBop Ha hx nocraBKy c opraHH3aiH5iMH h K00nepaTHBaMH;

24) OpraHH3yHTe c6op h nepeB03Ky h6jiok, rpyrn h Apyrnx 4>pykTOB b TaKHe panoHH, KaK Ka3axcTaH, KpaiiHHH CeBep, JajibHHH Boctok. Ha 3tom Aeê b HeAajieKOM 6yAymeM Bh cmohcctc craTb KpynHHM npeAnpHHHMaTejieM;

25) B iojkhhx o6jiacT 5ix yxpaHHH h Mojiaobh p a c ty T rp e iK H e o p e x n . O p raH H 3 y iiT e hx c 6 o p b ceH T5i6pe, a totom CAaHTe hx b 3ar0TK 0H T0pbi.

11

KpoMe AeHer b HeKOTopwx ofoacrax npeAOCTaBjisieTCfl npaso Ha npHo6peTCHHe AecJ)Hu,HTHHx TOBapos;

26) KaKH3BecTHO, npoMHimieHHHenpeAnpHsmisiBHpacHBaioTMHoro otxoaob. Ohh c y AOBOJibCTBHeM hx npoAaAyT. flpyrae ^ e npeAnpHorasi HUyT HX. 3aHMHTeCb nOCpeAHHMCCKOH AeSITejIbHOCTbK). HMesI AO py6jI5l 3a 1 kt nojiHMepoB, opyAyfl TOHHaMH, Bh xoporno 3apa6oTaeTe.

27) OpraHH3ynTe, ecjiH no3Bo;uiT n0Tpe6H0CTH Bamero pernoHa, npoAa^cy cjiHBO*moro M acjia b Apyrne crpaH w C H r hjih b crp aH H , KOTopne He b x o a m t b cocTaB CHr (bch npw ajiT H K a, MojiAOBa, r p y 3HH, YKpaHHa). IeH H Ha 1 kr Macna b sth x perwoHax b 4 - 5 pa3 6ojibme, MeM b C peA H eii nojioce Pocchh;

28) ApeHAOBaB noMemeHHC Ha oahoh H3 rjiaBHHx yjim Bainero ropoAa, B h 6yA eT e hmctb B03M 0^H0CTb OTicpHTb cboh cajiOH-Mara3HH. npHHHMaiiTe TOBapbi o t K oonepaT opoB h qacTHwx jihu, (ayAHO- h bhaco- MarHHT04)0HH, cooTBeTCTByiomHe Kaccera, jiawKOBbie KypTKH, cnrapera h T.n.). BaniH aoxoah onpeAeji ht komhcchohhhc 3a ara AoporocT05imHe TOBapH uiHpnoTpe6a;

29) noKynaa Ha M0Ji0K03aB0Ae (b Mara3HHe) mojioko h APyrne npoAyKTH, HMeiomnecfl b ToproBoit ceTH Bamero ropoAa, opraHH3yHTe 4>HpMy no AOCTaBKe hx Ha aom;

30) OpraHH3yHTe c6op bojioc no napwKMaxepcKHM h CAaBaiiTe hx Ha (J)a6pHKH no H3r0T0BjieHHK) napHKOB. A MoaceTe AejiaTb hx caMH. Bojioch noKynaiOT 3a rpammen;

31) Mo^eTe 0praHH30BaTb c6op npo6oK h pa3jnmHHx hsacjihh H3 ajno-MHHH5I H APyrHX IBCTHblX MeTaJIJIOB. CAaBaHTe HX Ha 3aBOAU HJIH 6a3bl nepepa6oTKH BTopcbipba. 3 t o npn6HjibHO yace ceiteac, a b AajibHewmeM 6yAeT npn6buibHee BTpoiHe;

32) Ha nap

r ^ e KOHKpeTHO SpaTb TOBap?B pa3roBopax co cbohmh APy3bsiMH h 3HaKOMbiMM nonpo6yiiTe HeHa-

B5I3MHBO BbIHCHHTb, OTKyfla 6epyTC5l B Baiueif MeCTHOCTH Te HJIH HHbie TO- B apw . BpnA jih 3to 6yfleT cjio^kho.

PMeiOTca o6m;enpH3HaHHHe MecTa CKonjieHHH TOBapa: 3anaAHO- npHrpaHHTOwe paHOHw c t 3khmh KpynHHMH ofuiacrabiMH ieHTpaMH, KaK JIbBOB, rpOAHO, HepHOBI^ H H npaKTH^ eCKH nOMTH BCeMH HX paHOHHbIMH ieHTpaMH; BocTOMHO-npHrpaHHHHwe paHOHw, rê ieHTpoM HBjiHeTCH HpKyTCK (H3-3a npHMOH BOSAyniHOH CB5I3H C KHTaeM).

Mecro 3aKynKH TOBapa - m6o MepHttH phhok, jih6o komhcchohhhc Mara3HHH. Tê AenieBjie.

Tê peajiH30Barb TOBap?Haê^cHee Bcero b komhcchohhhx Mara3HHax. Bw oTAaAHTe Mara3HHy

7- 10% ot Brne# ieHh TOBapa (y3HaHTe to^ho CKOJibKO - b p a 3 H b ix Ma- ra3HHax n0-pa3H0My), ho 3to He 6yfleT nycTOH Tparoif AeHer. Mara3HH HMeeT psiA npeHMymecTB nepeA phhkom.

Bo-nepBwx, Mara3HHH pa6oTaioT, KaK npaBHjio, 6 ahch b HeAeîo, a pbIHOK TOJIbKO no BHXOAHHM.

Bo-btophx , b Mara3HHe noxynaTejiH npHo6peTaK)T TOBap 6o;iee oxot- ho, 3 H a m o 3Aecb hx, b otjihmhc o t puHKa, He o6MaHyT.

B-TpeTbwx, y Bac 6yAeT cbo6oahoc BpeMa j y ih A pyrn x Ae;i., TaK KaK pea;iH3aiHeH TOBapa 3aHHMaeTca Mara3HH.

B-MeTBepTwx, 6yAeT MeHbine koh(J);ihktob c KOHTpojmpyiomHMH opraHaMH, KOTopwe Ha pbiHKe 6yAyT MernaTb BaM pa6oTaTb ao Tex nop, noKa Ka^ KAHH H3 hhx He yeAHTca, mto Barna AesrrejibHOCTb 3aperncTpHpoBaHa h 3aKOHHa.

B-nsrrwx, Bh He noABeprHeTecb TeM onacHocraM, KOTopwe MoryT Bac noACTepe^b Ha pwHKe (BCTpe^H c KHAajiaMH, paKerapaMn, KapMaHHHKaMH h t .n.).

IIojie3Hbie coBeTw:CAaBaHTe Tosap b ieHTpajibHbie Mara3HHbi, KyAa 3axoAHT MHoro noTeH-

inajibHbix noKynaTejiew;pa36eiiTe napTHio oahopoahopo TOBapa Ha HecKOJibKO mcjikhx napraii

h CAaHTe hx b pa3Hwe MarasHHti;ecjiH Bw CAaeTe pa3HHH Tosap b oahh h to t >Ke Mara3HH (HanpwMep,

MarHHTO(J)OH h Macw), nonpocHTe, mto6w npweMmHK ocjxypMmi pa3Hbie KBHTaHUHH Ha KaÂbiH bha TOBapa;

OTAaBanTe npeAnoMTeHwe Mara3HHaM, tac BbinjiaTa AeHer nocrce npoAa c^H TOBapa nponcxoAHT b Han6ojiee KopoTKwe cpokh;

Ha nepBbix nopax CAaBaiiTe TOBap no ueHaM HeMHoro HHace cjkhkhb-IIIHXC5L

3 to coBeTbi noMoryT BaM 6wcrpee c6biTb TOBap h OTnpaBHTbca 3a ero hoboh napTHen.

13

IIoACHMTaHTe pacxoAbi w a o x o a m ;B n H in H T e b c b o h pacxoA W CTOHMOCTb n p o e 3 A a k M ecT y 3aK ym cH TOBapa

h c>6paTHO, a TaK^ce cyTO H H w e. ZonycTHM, 3T a cyMMa c o c t 3 b h t 3000 p y 6 . 3 a ic y iiH B TOBapa Ha 30000 p y 6 . , B w a o j ix c h h n p oA aT b e r o TaK , m t o 6 h Ha o a h h Bjio^ceHHHH p y 6 j ib n o jiy ^ H T b 5 0 KoneeK n p n w iH ( s t o s a p n a m , k o - T o p o r o yAaeTca AOCTHMb a aace npw HefxjiaronpHHTHO cicjiaA M B aioiiH xcsi 06- CTOHTeJIbCTBax). CpeA H H H e p O K , 3 a KOTOpHH M02KH0 c6bIT b TOBap -npHMepHO Ae HeAejra. T.e. Mepe3 3to BpeMH y Bac 6yAeT Ha pyicax 45000 py6 . IlpoBeAHTe AajibHeHume noACMeTH caMH h npincHHbTe, c to h t jih BaM3aHHM3TbC5I 3THM ACJIOM.

T A e B3Tb ACHbrw Ha nepBbiw o6opot?Bce HaniH peKOMeHAaiHH h Baurn Ao6pwe HaMepeHHH He 6yAyT HHqero

CTOHTb, eCJIH He H3HTH OTBCTa Ha TJiaBHHH BOIIpOC. fljIH HaMajia BnOJIHe XB3THT TpeX-AeCHTH THC5IH. HX B35ITb?

BapwaHT 1-H. H CaMHH JierKHH. ECJIH eCTb B03M0>KH0CTb, TO 3aHMHTe Ha HexoTopoe BpeM5i y poactbchhhkob h Apy3ew. MoaceT 6biTb sto He CJIHllIKOM npHHTHO, HO...

BapHaHT 2-h. ripoAaHTe MTo-Hw6yAi>, ecjm ecTb mto.B apn aH T 3 -w. 3aHMHTe y rocyAapcTBa. 3 to He TaK TpyAHO, KaK BaM,

bo3mo>kho, KaaceTCH. FIomth Bce 6aHKOBCKHe yMpeacAeHHH BWAaiOT ceiiMac KpaTKOBpeMeHHwe ccyam rpa>KAaHaM Ha pa3JiHMHbie HyacAW b cyMMe 5 Tw c.py6 . noA 10- 1 6 % roAOBwx. JXjisi nojiyMeHHsi ccyAH Tpe6yeTca 06bmH0 cnpaBKa o tom, mto Bm nocToaHHo pa6oTaere h nojiyMaeTe 3apiuiaTy, ko- TOpOH XB3THT, HTo6bI BbinjiaTHTb CCyAy 3a TOT epOK, Ha KOTOpHH OHa B3H- Ta. T a K mto, ecjiH Bbi peiuHTecb noMeHHTb pa6oTy, to CAejiaHre 3to nocrae Toro, KaK B03bMeTe ccyzy. KpoM e 3Toro, noTpe6yeTC oahh hjih ABa Me- jioBeKa, KOTopwe craH yT BauiHMH rapaHTaMH nepeA 6aHKOM. Hmh M oryT 6bITb KaK pOACTBeHHKH, TaK H APy3b5l.

BapwaHT 4 -h. SaHMHTe y 6aHKa hjih y KOMMepMeacoro npeAnpHATHH noA 3ajior CBoero HMymecTBa (aBTOMo6HJi5i, npwBaTH3Hp0 BaHH0H KBapTHpH H Ap.) *

Eue HecKOJibKO nojie3Hbix cob ctob :1) E o ih B h 6owTecb HaâTb H3-3a Toro, mto BaM HerAe ocraHO-

BHTbcsi b ropoA e, KyAa HyacHO exaTb 3a TOBapoM, to He nepeacHBairre; KaK noKa3HBaeT npaKTHKa, Ha 3aKynKy TOBapa yxoAHT He 6o;iee Tpex-ê- Tbipex MacoB, nocjie êro moecho B03BpamaTbc aomoh.

2) rionpodyMTe noAHCKaTb ce6e KOMnaHbOHa. X o t j i (JjopMajibHo Bw h 6yAeTe pa6oTaTb KaacAbiw caM Ha ce6a, ho 6wctpo nowyBCTByeTe, mto ApyacecKaa noMomb b topix)bom Ae;ie MHoro 3Ha*mT.

3 ) IloMHHTe o tom, mto ;iio6oh TOBap iipoxoaht Ha pbiHKe Mepe3 TpH CTaAHH: HaMajibHyio, KorAa a3hhhm bha TOBapa tojimco noaBâeTCH Ha pbiHKe, cpeAHioio, KorAa ero y^ e AOCTaTOMHo, h nocjieAHioio, Koiâ phhok yê nepeHacbimeH AaHHbiM TOBapoM. CaMaa BbiroAHafl ({)a3a npoAaacH -

14

HanajibHafl, Ha noaieAHen ace TOBap mo;kho npofl3Tb m/ibKo no CHwxceH- hoh ieHe. BoBpeMsi opHeHTHpyirrecb b sthx ctsahhx, h Bce 6yaeT HOpMaJIbHO.

MajieHbKHH npwMep.Pobho o^Hy KoneHKy ctohji b HioHe 1992 r. b OTêjie yieHeHHwx to-

BapoB IeHTpajibHoro yHHBepMara Tjomchh nnoHepcKHH 3HawoK. H He no- A03peBajiH TioMeHiH, hto 3to - 30^ 0T35i ;KHjia. Beab Ha ctojihmhom Ap6aTe Te 7KQ CaMMe 3H3MKH ctohjih MepBOHei HITyKa!

3HaMHT, TK: 6epeTe y ce6a b Tiomchh THCJmy nnoHepcKHx 3HaMKOB, iuiaTHTe RecsiTh py6Jien h... miajeTe b KapM3H aecHTb Twcsm (npn6buib ao 100 000%!).

1.1.2. IIocpedHUHecmeo ( poKep na m ejie(poke)

Hflei a6co;iK)THO npocTa, oflHaico rjisi ee peajiH3au,HH noTpe6yeTCfl onpeAejieHHaa oneparaBHOCTb. CyTb ee 3aioiioHaeTCH b cjie^yiomeM. J\o-BOJIbHO H3CTO npHXOflHTCH BCTpe43Tb B pa3JIHMHMX peKJI3MHMX H3A3HH51Xo6i5iBjieHH$i, KaK 6h B33HMHO Aono;iH5iiomHe APyr Apyra. HanpHMep, npoAaio HMnopTHHH yHHTa3", aBTOxe BpeMH hmchho /amiasi Benib npocTO Heo6xoAHMa ApyroMy rocnoAHHy, o MeM oh h coouaeT b cbocm o6b5iBjieHHH. IIoweMy 6u b stom cjiywae He noaBHTbCH nocpeAHHKy, ko- Topbiii CBeji 6h 3aHHTepecoBaHHbie ctopohw, nojiyMHB 3a 3to c KaamoH H3 hhx onpeAejieHHbie komhcchohhwc? Ht3k ,. nopsmoK t3kob: npeacAe Bcero Hy^ CHO KaK M02KH0 6bICTpee H3yVIHTb ra3eTH C o6b5IBJieHH5IMH, cpa3y ace nocjie hx BbixoAa b cbct, otmcthb npn 3tom CHMMeTpHHHwe noacejiaHHH ("npoflaeM K03yM - noKynaeM K03y). 3aTeM cjie^yiOT 3bohkh no Bbi6paHHbiM BapnaHTaM, b pe3yjibTaTe uero h nojiyâeTca o6mafl KapraHa cnpoca h npeAJioaceHHH. Ilocjie 3Toro He npeflCTaB/rfleT Tpyâ cbccth ace- jiaionHe ctopohh APyr c ApyroM. Ecjih kto-to xoweT, AonycraM, 3KCKa- BaTOp, TO noepeAHHK CHHCXOAHTeJIbHbIM TOHOM C006maeT eMy, MTO 3HaeT oflHoro (hjih HecKOjibKHx) cy6i>eKTa, npoAsiomerooTjiHMHbra, noaieAHen MOAejiH, 3KCKaBaTop. IlocpeAHHK ix)tob 3a HeKOTOpHH roHopap cnoco6cr- BOBaTb coBepineHHio cac^kh. TaKoe ace 33M3hmhboc npeAJioaceHHe cjie^y- eT h npoA3Bii,3M - nocpeflHHK 3HaeT oahoik) rocnoAHHa, KOToporo M0acH0 yroBopHTb KynHTb 3Ty ropy pacaBoro acejie3a, npnqeM 3a Bect TpyA 6yêT AOCT3TOMHO K3KHX-HH6yflb 6%. B KOHIe KOHIOB, K B33HMHOMy yflOBJieT- BopeHHio Bcex ctopoh CAejiKa ocymecTBjiieTC ,^

1.1.3 . OpzaHusanusi euicmopuH.

ZaHTe b ra3eTe o&bHBjieHHe npHMepHO tskofo coAepac3HHfl:

BnepBbie b H3ineM ropote! n P U 3 10 000 py6ên

15

n p H H S B m e M y y^acrae b b h k t o p h h c YraAaHKa h o t b c t h b i i i c m y npaBMjibHo Ha Bce Hanm Bonpocn.

BHKTOpHHa COCTOHT H3 flByX TypOB.Bonpocn nepBoro Typa:1 . Abtop khhfh Cyab6 a MejioBeKa".2. H a3BaHne ocrpoBa IIIpH-JIamcH ao 1972 r.3 . H c n o j iH H T e j ib rjiaB H O H p o jiH b ( m jib M e O raH iH O H H b iH

CMOTpHTCJIb .(KojiH^ecTBO h xaMecTBO BonpocoB noACKaaceT BaM Bama (J)aHTa3HH).

O tb c th Ha Bonpocbi 1 -ro Typa npncbuiaHTe no a^pecy (ejiaTejibHO HMeTb a6oHeHTCKMH amnK Ha noMTe, mto6 h nwcbMa He num Ha Bam jOMamHHH a^pec). B imcbMO He 3a6 yAbTe bjioxhtb KOHBepT c BamHM aApecoM.

O t b c t h 1 - r o T y p a p a c c M a T p H B a iO T C s i b T e ^ e H H e a s y x n e ^ e j ib c o a h si o n y d n H K O B a H H a b r a 3 e T e . Ecjih B h O T B e r a T e n p a B H j ib H o H a B o n p o c n 1 - r o T y p a , m h BaM b h i h j i c m n n c b M O H a j io a c e H H H M iu ia T e a c o M c n s iT b io B o n p o c a M H 2 - r o T y p a b h k t o p h h h c r o H M o c T b io 7 p y 6 .

Ilocjie to ix ) , K aK B h a a f lH T e o 6 b 5 iB jieH H e (Bonpocn 1-ro T y p a H e r o j it k - H H 6bIT b T pyA H H M H , M T o 6 h K B a M npH D U IO K aK MO)KHO 6 o J I b n ie OTBeTOB) ,Hajio^ceHHHM iuiaTeacoM b 7 py6 . BHCHjiaHTe Bonpocn 2-ro Typa h amHTe AeHer. Bonpocn 2-ro Typa, KaK Bh noHsum, a o j i x h h 6 h t b 6ojieeTpyflHHM H.

E c j ih 3 T y B H K TopH H y n p o B e c T H , H a n p H M e p , b C m o j i c h c k c , h b h c h 6 y z eT y ^ acT B O B aT b x o t sl 6 h 5 T H c .M e ji., t o B h no jiy M H T e 3 5 T H C .p y 6 .

1.1.4. Hacmnoe u3damejibCKoe dejio.

3 t o oflHH H3 pacnpocTpaHeHHbix b h a o b 6 H3Heca. B 3aBHCHMOCTH o t Ba-HIHX B03M0 H 0 CTeH OH M03KCT npHHCCTH npnbUIb OT AeCflTKOB THCflM py6jien a o HecKOjibKMX m h ju ih o h o b .

AjITOpHTM 6H3HeCa AOCTaTOMHO HCCJIOXCHHH.B H a M ajie B h onpeAejiiieTecb c p y K o n n c s iM H , KOTopne x o t h t c H3AaBaTb.

O t o M oaceT 6 n T b c o jiH flH a n K H H ra H3 2 0 0 - 3 0 0 c rp a H H u ; h j i h 6 p o m i o p a b 5 - 1 0 C TpaH H L). F Ip ocM H T H B aeT e n o T p e 6 H T e jib C K y io cTOHMOCTb T O B ap a h p a c x o A H H a H 3flaH H e. 3 a T e M A ^ J ia e r e p e ic j ia M y b r a 3 e T e h a c ^ e T e n o c r y n - jieH H fl f le H e r H a Bain p a c ^ e r a H i i c ^ e T .

T e M aT H K a k h h t a j m H3AHH&, n o jib 3 y io m H x c 5 i c n p o c o M y H a c e jie H H si, AOBOJIbHO o 6 u iH p H a . FIpH B eA eM A Jia n p H M e p a pflA TCM, 3aHM CTBOBaHHHX H3 p e m ia M H H x p y 6 p H K r a 3 e T n o A 3arojiO B K O M B H n u ie M :

I lp a K T H q e c K o e n o c o 6 n e n o n p H M eH eH H io n ra p o K O p a c n p o c T p a H e H H H x JieK apC T B eH H H X paCTCHHH B KOCMCTHKe, HapOAH Oii H HayM HOH MeAHUMHC, n p n r o ro B j ie H H H pa3JiH M H H x b h a o b *iasi ( r . B a p H a y j i )

* * *

16

HajioxeHHbiM iuiaTeacoM (36 py6.) KHHry c onncaHneM 3KOjiorHMecKH hhcthx cnoco6oB 6opb6bi OocTynHwx Ka^gOMy caAOBOAy h oropoAHHKy) C TJieii, KOJIOpaACKHM 2CyK0M, AOJirOHOCHKOM, MeABeAKOH, npOBOJIOMHHKOM, KJieiIaMH, KaJIH(JX)pHHHCKOH H ApyiHMH BHAaMH IlHTO- BOK, ryCCHHIliaMH, MyMHHCTOH POCOH, pxaBMHHOH H APyrHMH BpeAHxe^HMH h 6o;ie3HsiMH, a TaK^ce MbiuiaMH h KpucaMH (170 peienTOB) (r. ^HenponeTpoBCK)

* * *

H a jio x e H H B iM ru iaT eaco M n o 3 A paB H T ejibH bie c t h x h H a C B a A b 6 u h k > 6 h -

jien. LeHa 20 c t p o k 30 py6. Ilncam* r. H c ^ 5 i6 h h c k .* * *

KHHry u3 bc3ah h cyAb6w , 390 crp., 55 py6. Eio HHTepecyiOTCfl m h ji- JIHOHbl M H TaTejieH (KocTpoMa)

* * *

Hajio^c. ruiaTe>KOM (50py6.) 10 BbiKpoeK actckoh oac^ aw (pa3Mep24-34): iuiaTbfl, capac{)aH, koctiommhk, n0jiyK0M6HHe30H, nnxaMa (KypraHCKaa o6ji.)

* * *

CTapHHHHH th6ctckhh peienT mqjioaocth Hajiox. njiaT. (25 py6.). 3a- 5ibkh h kohbcpt no aApecy: r. BjiaAHMHp

* * *

HajioxeHHHM njiaTeacoM kophh 3jieyTep0K0Kica, peuenT npHroTOBJieHHH h npneMa (ITphmopckhh xpan)

* * *

J e m e B y io h H e cjio a cH y io T e x H O jio r n io H3 r0 T0 BjieH H 5i T y n iH AJifl p e cH H i

(^ epHOH H IBeTHOH) B AOMaiHHHX yCJIOBH5IX. Tyinb C nOJie3HHMH AC)6aB- xaMH, npeKpacHO yAJiHHJieT pecmmH. rincaTh: PoBeHCKaa o 6 ji. B KaxAoe nncbMo BjioacHTe KOHBepT c BauiHM aApecoM h KBHTaHu,Hcif o nepeBOAe 20 py6.

* * *

3 a 1 0 p y 6 . p e i e n T o t jiio 6 o h 6 o j i c 3 h h , r j i s l OMOJiaacHBaHHfl, n o x y A e H H fl

(CTaBponojibCKHH Kpan)

17

* * *MeTOflimecicoe noco6ne 3(J)ct)eKTHBHoro jieneHHsi ajiKoro;iH3Ma h no-

xMejibHoro CHHApoMa Ha ochobc HapoAHon MCjHiHHH. Bcero 25 py6. h b BanieM aoMe HaBcerâ nocejiHTca mhp h corjiacne. IIomtobuh nepeBOA HanpaBjiATb: flpocjiaBCKaa o6ji., r. raBpmioB-5lM, CeôBa, 4.

B rpa(f)e Jlnsi iracbMeHHoro coo6meHH5i pa3(5opHHBo yKaacHTe o6paTHbiH a^pec.

* + *

Hajio^ceHHHM iuiaTeacoM (40 py6.) ^ epTeacn HOBeiimeH AwaroHajibHOH ara^cepKH ynpomeHHon KOHcrpyKUHH (r. 3anopobe)

* * *

Hajio)KeHHHM iuiaTe^coM (28 py6.) peienTw crapHHHoft Hapo^HOH Me- AHU.HHH npn jieMeHHH 0HK0Ji0nmecKHx h npeApaxoBbix 3a6o;ieBaHHH. B nHCbMO BJIO^KHTe KOHBepT C o6paTHHM aApeCOM H KBHTaHUHIO o nepeBOZe (r. OpeH6ypr)

* * *

MHcJopMau.HFO o 75 h3ashh5ix, npeAJiaraiomHx cboh crpaHHiH (b tom MHCJie 6eciuiaTHo) ajih pa3MemeHH5i o&bflBêHHH h pemiaMbi mbcthux jihii; h opraHH3aiHH. HajioaceHHHM ruiaTeacoM 50 py6. (r. Ope^)

* * *

HajioaceHHHM iuiaTeacoM AOKyMeHTaiHio HecjioacHoro npn6opa ajieKTpomoK or xyjraraHOB 37 py6. (r. Khcjioboack)

* + *

HajioxeHHHM iuiaTeacoM 100 npoBepeHHwx peieirroB rjisi MHKpOBOJIHOBOH IieMH H3 AOCTynHHX IipOAyKTOB, BKJIIOWafl TOpTH,Bapema. IeHa 100 py6 (r. riepMb)

* + *

HajioxceHHWM ruiaTeatOM pacreHHH ao 70 bhaob. B nnchMo Bjioaorrb KOHBepT c o6paTHMM aApecoM (r. TauiKeHT)

* * *

18

X ejna io m H e 3aHHTbC5i HHTepecHHM h o^eHb aoxoahhm acjiom - pa3BeAeHweM xohophkob - b h h u iio noApo6 Hyio HHcrpyKiHio (o6 m ne cse- AeHHH, yc/iOBHfl coAepacaHHa, cjiym ca, BupauHBaHHe MOJiOAHflica, KOpMJieHHe, 3a6 oH, CHHTHe IHKypKH, BHACJIKa, ()OJie3HH) . IIpHMepHHH AO- XOA OT OAHOH CaMKH 3a C30H - 5 0 THC.py6 . PaCXOA KOpMOB Ha nHTb CSMOK c npniuioAOM aHajiorHMeH OTKopMy oahoh cbhhbh. 3 BepeK OMeHb HenpHXOTJIHB B COAepacaHHH. PiHCTpyKUMH BblCWJiaeTCH HaJIO^eHHWMiuiaTe^coM. L eH a oahoix) 3X3. - 2 0 0 p y 6 .3 as iB K H c KBHTaHiHeii nepeB O A a npH C buiaT b n o a A p ec y : r . HCJIH6HHCK

* * *

CTapHHue HapoAHHe m c t o a h , c noMoubio k o t o p h x Bac nojuo6T h j ih 6yA yT Jiio6H T bC H jibH ee;M eT O A H K yraA aH H 5iH aK apT ax ( 1 2 p y 6 .) ( r . Pobho)

* * * *

MyjKMHHaM KajieHAapb a jih 3aMaTM5i pe6eH K a (MajibHHica h jih acbom kh ) (r. Khpob, iuiaTexcoM 43 py6)

* * *

A A peca HHOCTpaHHbix C I1IA , KaHaAH, A hiv ih h , ABcrpajiH H , ko-TOpbie 3aHHMaiOTC5I TpyAOyCTpOHCTBOM COBeTCKHX rpa>KAaH, 1 0 0 - % rapaHTHa. IIoMTOBbiH nepeBOA 1 5 p y 6 . + k o h bc pt c BauiHM aApecoM b h c h - jiaiiT e: r . YpreHM

* * *

H /n KOMiuieKTH BHKpoeK jiio6hx pa3MepoB jiio6oh jierxoH oaokaw (3 moacjih) - 15 py6., jiio6oh BepxHeii oAeacAH (2 moacjih) - 2 0 py6. c omica- HHAMH. MHHHMyM 3aTpaT, h Bainn Aera 6yAyT BHrjiHAeTb npeKpacHo, ecjih Bh nepenibere CTapue Bemn no HauiHM BHKpoHKaM. 3aica3H no aApecy: r. Hhxhhh HoBropoA

* + *

H ajioaceH H biM ruiaTe>KOM MeTOAHKy B5i3aHH5i m o a h h x n y jio B e p o B , a - K e T O B -2 5 0 p y 6 .,2 0 B H A O B , 1 1 0 o 6 p a 3 u o B B H 3 K H -1 2 0 p y 6 . (M H H C K aao6 ji.)

* * *

A A p eca 4 3 0 yHHBepcHTeTOB HaywHHM p a 6 o raH K aM h npenoA aB aT ejisiM , ^cejiaiom H M c a m o c t o h tc jibHo H a i n u p a f x n y 3a rp a H H u e ii (B h t c 6 ck ) . B jio - >KHTb KOHBepT c o6paTH H M aA pecoM

19

* * *

Cnoco6 nojiyêHHfl a6jio^ hopo yiccyca, npMMeHeHHa ero h Mesa b HapoAHOH MeAHiHHe. 25 py6. + KOHBepT (r. XepcoH)

* * *

HajioaceHHHM iuiaTeÔM cpomho TexHajiormo noBHineHHsi ypoacasi Kaprocfrejifl b 2 pa3a h 6ojiee nyTeM npocToro bo3achctbh5i Ha pacTeHHe nocjie noca^KH ao iBeTeHHsi - 28 py6.(r. CaMapa). IIpHimiHTe KOHBepr c ajpecoM.

* * +

TexAOKyMeHTau,Hio rjisi h3idtob jichhh b AOMauranx ycjiOBHix npo- CTOH, 3(J)4)eKTHBHOH 3JieKTpOHHOH yAOMKH (M0CK0BCKafl 0(5jl.).

* * *

YHHKajibHwe HcnwTaHHije Tn6eTCKHe peienrn mojioaocth - 75 py6., or HMnoTeHu,HH - 50 py6., 3ojioTyxH - 50 py6., BecHymeK - 30 py6. IlHCfaMO + KOHBepT + KBHTaHiHio o nepeBOAe (r. XapbKOB.).

* * *

HajioaceHHbiM ruiaTeacoM (70 py6.) c6ophhk 3aroBopoB (r. IO;KHO-Ca- XaJIHHCK).

* * *

Bcero 3a 25 py6. peienT npnroTOBeHHH TyuiH rjisi pecHHi (r. JlnnoBiH IIpHMopcKoro Kpaa).

* * *

Cnoco6n H3ixyroBjieHH5i H3 TpaB npenapaTOB c noMoubio kotophx 3a 3-4 HeaejiH Bh H36aBHTecb ot: HMnoTenuHH - 100 py6., BeHepHêcKHx 3a6ojieBaHHH, paKOBnx, cepAeMHo-cocyAwcTHx 3a6ojieBaHHH - 150 py6., racTpHTa, h3bh acejiyAKa - 80 py6. B nncbMO-3aflBKy BjioacHTe AeHbra hjih KBHTaHiHio o nepeBOAe h hhcthh kohbcpt c o6paTHHM aApecoM (r. Kpa- MaTopcK).

* * *

PaflHOJiK)6HTejiHM no 3aKa3y jiione MHKpocxeMH cepHii: 142, 155, 176/555, 565, 573, 580, 780, TpaH3HCTopn, paAHOJiaMnn b jiio6om kojih-

20

wecTBe. ^Keâiomne nojiy^HTb KaTajior nepe*mcjiHTe 5 p y6 . (r. B o jiro r- paA).

* * *

HajioxeHHHM iwaTeacoM aiciHH n rpu (JwpMhi 3 j i h K , ieHa 65 py6 ., BHHrpHni 1.376.900 py6. (r. CTaxaHOB).

* * *

HajiOKeHHHM iuiaTeacoM 300 p y 6 . y cras MacTHoro npeAnpHATHfl (3a- JIOXeHH BCeBHAH AeaTJIbHOCTH) . y lOpHCTa CTOHT 2000 p y 6 . (r. XOMyTOBO OpjIOBCKOH o6jiaCTH).

* * +

CTapH H H H ii peu,enT. C ero noMonbio b h CMOêTe nonpaBHTbcsi ao 3 K r b Heêjiio h jih oêHb 6w ctpo yBejiHMHTb oTAejibHbie ynacTKH Tejia He3a- bhchmo o t Barnero Beca h 6e3 ym ep6a An* 3AopoBb5i. KoH Bepr c BauiHM ajpecoM h KBHTaHu,HK) 06 oiuiaTe 25 p y 6 . (r. PBaHOBo).

* * *

P e u ,e n T H M a3H o t re M o p p o a , rp n K O B bix h k o x h u x 3a 6o ^ e sa H H H , 6poHX HTa. 1 p e ie n T - 50 p y 6 . IloHTOBbiM nepeBOAOM KBHTaHiHio h 3asiBKy B bicjiaTb n o aA p ec y : K p tiM , r . 5 jr ra .

* * *

MeroAHKy jieMeHHa ypHHOTepanweH 3a6o;ieBaHHH AwxaTejibHwx ny- Te, ejiyAKa, neêHn, KMineMHHKa ajuiepran ko;kh, 3JiOKaMecTBeHHHx onyxojiei (30) c hco6xoahm oh a h c to h (50), KOHcyjibTauHen o npHMeHe- h h h (10). KjBHTaHUHH h KOHBepT (r. TaraHpor).

* * *

H ajioxeH H biM iuiaTeacoM MeTOAHicy ycTaHOBKH h cxeM y ycrpoHCTBa npoAJieHHH cpoKa cjiy^c6bi KHHecKonoB b 3-4 pa3a, oco6eHHO MOAejieii 3 yCU,T - 100 p y 6 . (r. IleTponaBJiOBCK-KaMMaTCKHH).

* * *

IIpocTOH h 3(J)(J)eKTHBHbiH peienT êMeHHH reMoppoa. B o;ie3Hb n poxo- A h t b TeweHHe hcac/ih. 20 py6 . h KOHBepr c o6paTHWM aApecoM oTnpaB- jiflHTe: r. IlIaAPHHCK.

21

* *

IloMTOBHe MapKH paa/iHMHHx CTpaH HajioaceHHHM iuiaTeacoM no pa3- hhm TeMaM Ha cyMMy He MeHee 70 py6. Ilpn 3aica3e nnuiHTe HyacHwe tcm h h cyMMy. BbinojiHeHHe 33Ka3a b TeêHHe Ayx HeAe^b ( r . Khpob) .

* * *

TpaBOjieêHHe ajuiepnmecKoro AwaTe3a. 15 py6. + KOHBepT. (r. IlepMb).

* * *

P e u e n T roju iaH A C K oro c w p a h c w p a c 3e jieH b io . P e u ,en T w n p o c T t i h a o- CTynHW JJJLSI npHPOTOBJieHHfl B AOMaiUHHX yCKOBHflX. 3 a flB K y , KBHT3HU,HK) (moxho K o n n io ) 06 o iu ia T e 2 0 p y 6 . noHTOBMM nepeBOAOM oT npaB H Tb n o aA p ecy : r . E p eB aH .

* * *

MeTOAHKy co3A3HH5i npeAnpHHTHit 6e3 HSJioroo&ioxceHHfl no 33KOHy. FIomtobwh nepeBOA 100 py6.(r. H0B0Ky3HeiK).

+ * *

K H H ra no B b im eH H o ro c n p o c s , ieH bi A oroB opH bie ( r . 3 a n o p o a c b e ) .

* * *

P e i e i r n * jieMeHHH paH h h3b. IIoMTOBbiH nepeBOA 2 0 p y 6 . Ha aApec: r .BjiaAHBOCTOK.

* * *

HHTeHCHBHoe BwpamHB3HHe KapTo4>ejw 800-1200 Kr c cotkh eaceroAHO- 40 py6., np0H3B0ACTB0 6woryMyca 3a 30 AHeft c Hcn0Jib30B3HHeM MecT- HHX H3B03HMX HepBeH, n03B0JIHK)nee nOAHflTb ypoacaHHOCTb AO 60% , npoAyKTHBHOCTb CKOTa h nTHiw ao 30% , mo;kho 3apa6oTaTb py6jIH H Ba- jiiOTy. H 3 1 t HaB03a ao 700 Kr 6noryMyca, pacxoA 25-40 Kr Ha coTKy - 50 py6. HajioaceHHMM iuiaTeacoM Ha 20% Aopoace. 3asiBKH H3 pecny6jiHK (KpoMe P C O C P ) BbinojiHfliOTCfl m n b K O no npeAonâTe ( r . KpacHO-y(J)HMCK).

* * *

22

H a A e x H U H , npoB epeH H H H npaKTHKOH, n p o c r o i i , A O crynH H H xaxcAOMy c n o c o 6 co3AaHH5i H aw ajibH oro K an H T ajia . I I o u t o b h h nepeBO A 4 5 p y 6 .(H a - jio ^ eH H H M iu iaT eacoM H a 7 5 % A o p o ace ). KBH TaHiHio h m h c t h h k o h b c p t HanpaB jisiH T e n o a f lp e c y : r . K H poB O -H eneiK .

* * *

C 6 o p h h k A f lp e c a (J)h p m , n p e f lj ia ra io m H x p a 6 o T y npeACTaBHTejiHM , He T pe6yK >m yio c n e u jia j ib H H x HaBHKOB . 3 a ic a 3 h k o iih io KBHTamHH H a 3 0 p y 6 . B H cw jiaH T e n o a a p e c y : 3 4 1 0 5 0 , r . M a p n y n o j ib , a / a 2 4 3 8 , flm y H H H IO .M .

* * *C xeM y 3jieK T p03B yK 0B 0ik npHM aHKH jy i* j io b jih p w 6 . I l p o c r a b c 6 o p -

Ke, 3(J)

BaTb Ha ero crpaTeraio h Taxraxy? B h CTaHeTe 3aji0^cHHK0M pemeHHH, HeBMH npHHHTHX.

Bo-btophx, bck) hjih noMTH bcio npnbuib o t aesrrejibHOCTH Bamero npeflnpHflTHff HyacHO BKjiaflHBaTb b o6opot. Hco6xoahmo iiocto5ihho pac- mHp5ITbC5I, HCKaTb HOBHe B03M0H0CTH. MepHKaHlH FOBOpAT: KtO TpaTHT Ha cboh Hy^KflH Bce 3apa6oTaHHHe AeHbra, to t AejiaeT hhii^hmh cbohx AeTen". flejiaa AeHbrn jih6o Ha Toprosjie, jih6o Ha ApyroM bhtoahom Aejie, He crpeMHTecb hx TpaTHTb cpa3y Ha cboh 6nTOBHe n0Tpe6H0CTH. IIoTepnHTe. Co3Aas cboh xanHTaji b pa3Mepe 200-300 THC.py6., B h cmo- TK&Tt orpHBaTb He6ojn>mHe cyMMH Ha cboh 6 h t, He Bpeflfl 6ojibmoMy K a - nHTajiy. O h 6yfleT yace pacra, KaK CHextHHH kom, xaTonHHCsi c ropn. BpeMfl o t BpeMeHH o t 3Toro xoMa mo^cho oTjiaMHBaTb KycKH, to ecTb cpeA- CTBa Ha Banm HyjK#H. HeM 6ojibme kom, tcm 6ojibiue KycKH. A noxa san-MHTeCb M6JIKHM 6H3HeCOM, C03AaBaHTe nepBHTOHH KanHTajI.

B-TpeTbHx, BKjiaflHBaiiTe fleHbra b to, hto, KaK npaBHjio, He o6ecue- HHBaeTC5i. 3 to npe*ê Bcero 3eMjiii h HeABH;xHMOCTb. OpraHH3yHTe cj)ep- mh, nepeaejiHBaHTe AOMa iioa rocTHHHiH h xacj)e. CjieAyeT OTMeTHTb, vito cnexyjisiTHBHHH (nocpeAHHMecKHH) HaBap y Macra o6mecrBa - hcaoji- roBeêH. BeAb bo BceM Mupe c3mhmh 6oraTHMH jiioa&mh hbjmk)tc npo- H3BOAHTejiH. y Hac ace noxa caMHe 6oraTHe - npoAaBUhi.

Ho nepeTarHBaHHe xaHaTa b CTopoHy np0H3B0ACTBa y Hac HaMHeTcsi, h OMeHb cxopo. n o Mepe ycraHOBjieHHH nojiHTHMecxoii h axoHOMHwecxoH CTa6mibHOCTH BKjiaAHBaTb AeHbrn b ToproBjiio craHeT HeBHroAHO. TorAa npHAercfl BxjiaAHBaTb hx b iipoh3boactbo.

Eue Taxoii momcht: Ha 3a pe xoonepaTHBHoro ABHaceHHJi np0H3B0AHTe- jihm noMTH HeB03M0^H0 6hjio Ao6HTb Cbipbe. Oho TorAa p acn p eA ejia jio cb MaTepwajibHO-TexHHMecxHM CHa6aceHHeM. Cenâc 3Toro npensiTCTBH5i HeT, ho Hy^KHH AeHbrn. H 6o ecjiH ecrb AeHbrn, xynHTb yace He npojieMa. n 03T0My h TeHAeHUHA x 6aprepy iiomth 3axoHMHjiacb.

1 . 2 . H a n p a e j ie H H f l p a 3BHTH*i cBoero a e j ia ( n p H p a m e m ie xanHTajia)

B h nponuiH nepnoA nepBOHa*iajibHoro HaxoiuieHHH xanHTajia, ycBOH- jra onpeAejieHHne HaBHKH 6n3Heca, mctxo onpeAejinjiH xaxHM acjiom B h 6yAeTe 3aHHMaTbCH. rioAyMaHTe, MoaceT BaMHeHaAO jiOMaTbrojioBy, mto AejiaTb Aajibnie, a ctoht pa3BHBaTb to acjio, xoTopoe y Bac y e yAaMHo nojiyrajiocb Ha nepBOM 3Tane. HanpHMep, B h Haâ/ra c mcjixoh ToproBjiH OBOnaMH Ha yjmiax, 3aTeM npHo6pejiH xhocx, Mara3HH. flajiee B h mo- eTe xynHTb rpy30B0H aBTOMonjib AJiflA0CTaBXH0B0meHc6a3H, 3aTeM nocrpoHTb cocTBeHHHe xpaHHjiHiia, a b xoHie xohuob 0praHH30BaTb co6cTBeHHyio cfrepMy h t.a.

Hjih, HawaB c ToproBjiH b po3HHiy paAHOTOBapaMH, KOMnbiOTepaMH h ApyroH TexHHxoii, B h motkqtq C03AaTb xpynHyio ToproByio xoMnaHHio, cneuHajiH3Hpy5icb Ha stom bhac TOBapoB.

24

Hjih, Haâs c pa3pa6oTKH HecKOjibKHx nporpaMM Ha 3BM no AoroBopy c npeanpHHTHHMH, Bw MOJKeTe co3AaTb cojiHAHyio 4>HpMy, cneunajiH3H- pyiomyioca Ha nporpaMMHpoBaHHH.

HaâB c pocroBmHMecKoro K anH Tajia, Bh MoaceTe co speMeHeM o t - KpblTb CBOH 6aHK.

HaMaB c m cjik o h nocpeAHHêcKOH AeflTe^bHocra, Bbi M oacere co3AaTb cbok) 6poK epcK yio KOHTopy, KynHTb h jih B35iTb b apeH Ay MecTO Ha 6 n p e * , h TaK A ajiee.

Ho, MoaceT 6wTb, Bh 6pocH Te t o , mcm 3aHHMajiHCb paH ee, h Ha^HeTe peajiH30BbiBaTb HOByio Hêio.

TaKHM 06pa30M , ecjin y Bac ecTb nepBOHaâjibHHH KanHTaji, ecTb H e- 6ojibina5i npaKTHKa pa6oTH Ha pwHKe, ecTb cepbe3Hasi H/ea npeAnpHHH- MaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocrH - 3HaMHT BaM oieAyeT HanHHaTb cepbe3Hoe co6cTBeH Hoe a c j io .

2. K A K H A H A T b C O E C T B E H H O E A EJIO

Ha nepBOM 3Tane npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeaTejibHocTH - STane nep- BOHaMajibHoro HaKoiuieHHH Kannrajia - HHorAa hct hco6xoahmocth yq- p eam aT b CBoe n p eA n p H sm ie . flocraTOMHO , fiojiyMHTb naTeHT Ha HHAHBHAyaJIbHO-TpyAOByiO ACflTeJIbHOCTb HJIH nOJiyMHTb perHCTpaiJ,HK) Ha npaBo npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocra 6e3 c6pa30BaHH5i lopHAHqe- C K orojm ia . M 0^ cH 0T aK eH cn0jib30B aT buK pbim y AeiiCTByiom Hx n p eA -npHHTHH H (J)HpM HJIH 3aHHMaTbC5I npeAnpHHHMaTCJIbCKOH AeflfejibHOCTbK), Boo6me HHrAe He peracTpHpyjicb. T aK , AencTByiomee 3 a - KOHOAaTejibCTBO He npeAycMaTpHBaeT rocyAapcTBeHHon pefticrpauHH rpaam aH , C A aiom nx BHaeM crpoeHHH, K B apnipbi b apeH A y, rap aacn , 3 b t o - m o 6h jih h A P yroe HMymecTBO, a T a ie r e p a 6 o ra io m H x n o AoroBopaM noA - p5iAa, n o jiy w a io m H x a o x o a h o t b h a o b A eflT ejibH ocra, a o x o a h o t k o t o p h x He odâraiO T ca HajioroM , HanpHM ep, a o x o a h o t noACo6Horo xo3HHCTBa).

To ecTb, Ha nepBOM 3Tane npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocrH (a M Horae j i io a h ocTaiorca h m c h h o Ha 3 to m ypoB H e npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AenTejibHocTH) He o6ii3aT ejibH o y^H Tbca b uiKOJiax 6 n 3 H eca , 3aKaHWHBaTb HHCTHTyTH H yHHBepCHTCTH.

ZOCTaTOMHO HMeTb K3KHC-TO Cn0C06H0CTH, ACJIOByiO XB3TKy, 3JieMCH- T apH bie 3HaHH5I B apH(J)MeTHKe.

Hto K a ca erca npeAnpHHHMaTejieii, nepeerynaiomHx nepBHH 3Tan H a- KonjieHHfl HaMajibHoro KanHTajia h crpeMflmHxca k yBejiHêHHio (npnpa- uHBaHHio) CBoero KanHTajia, to perHCTpau,H5i CBoero npeAnpHHTHsi c npaBOM lopHAHnecKoro jrnia aji hhx Heo6xoAHMa. TaK ace, KaK Heo6xo- Ahmo w ix hhx rjiy6oKoe H3y*ieHHe 33kohob pwHKa, skohomhkh npeAnpn- hthh, MeHeA>KMeHTa, MapKeTHHra h t.a.

* Cm. k h. BejiHJioea A.3. n p a u o s b ie h 3KouoMH4ecKne o c i io b u 6hp> kcboh ToproejiH h 6p0KepCK0H AesrrejibiiocTH, M .: MBU, AMTOJIAH, 1992. - 210 c.

25

KaK 6hjio 0TMeMeH0 BHiue, 6H3Hec HanimaeTCH c HAeii, noA KOTopne 3aTeBaeTCH Ae;io. Ho, npeacAe êM HaâTb ero, nepeiiTM ot HaMepeHHH k hciio/ ihchmio, HyacHo npoaHajiH3HpoBaTb, npoBepHTb BOo6pa^:aeMoe cooTBeTCTBHe Hflew peajibHOMy norpe6HTejibCKOMy cnpocy. KoHKpera3a- UHfl h aHajiH3 HAeii npeflnojiaraiOT paccMOTpeHHe ajibTepHaTHB, KaK cno- co6cTByiomHx, TaK h 3aTpyflHHioiuHx HanpaBjieHHe 3aTeBaeMoro ejia, Ha kotopom cocpeflOTaMHBaiOTC5i 3aTeM ycHjiHH h HaMHHaeTC5i TmaTejibHaa nozroroBKa. flejiaeTca pacêT npn6HjiH, KOTopyio cyjiHT hach, c{)aHTa3HH, npoeKTH, co6cTBeHHHH onbiT, npeo6pa3yK)HHHC5 nocreneHHO b zejiOByio CTpaTerHIO. HOACMHTHBaiOTCff B03M02KHHe H HeH36e^CHbie H3Aep^CKH. P a c c M a T p H B a iO T c a H en peA B H A eH H H e o S a ro s iT e jib C T B a , K o x o p n e B c e r ^ a

BCIUIHBaiOT.

HeM mnpe oxBaT nary6HHx 06cT05rrejibcrB, tcm ycneiHHee BHeApenne Ha pwHOK, TeM HaAeacHee Aejio, tcm cnoKOHHee h paAOcraee Bama AejiOBaa h ceMenHa y^rnub.

ConpaeTCH HH(})opMaiHtt o noTpenTejie Bauinx T0Bap0B, ycjiyr, o KOHKypeHTax, o ieHax, o coiHajibHo-nojiHTHHecKon CHTyau,HH. IlapajuiejibHO Bh ao jix h u 3aHHMaTbCH perHCTpaiHen CBoero n peA npH H TH fl.

CorjiacHO CTaTbe 34 3aKOHa PCOCP uO npeAnpHsrniHx h npejnpHHH- MaTejIbCKOH fleHTejIbHOCTH B PC O C P HOIOJIKOM COBeTa HapOAHHX AC- nyTaTOB AOJiaceH npoH3BecTH perHCTpau,Hio npeAnpHHTHsi b MCCimHHH cpoK c MOMeHTa noAaMH 3asiBjieHH5i c npHjioêHHeM yqpeAHTejibHbix AOKyMeHTOB. IIpH noAaê AOKyMeHTOB Ha perHcrpaiHio b komhcchio Hcnoji- KOMa Ha btopom 3K3eMn^Hpe 3aBjieHHH BaM aojijkhh CAe;iaTb noMeTKy oTOM, MTO A O K yM eH TH IipHH5UIH TaKOIX)-TO MHCJia, HOCTaBHTb nOAIIHCb H

n iT a M n .

HanoMHHaeM, mto rjix perHCTpaiiHH HHAMBHAyajibHoro (ceMeimoro) MacTHoro npeAnpHHTHH b hoio;ikom hco6xoahmo npeACTaBHTb:

A B a 3 K3 e M iu ia p a 3 asiBjieH H fl o p e n iC T p a iH H ;oahh 3 K3 e M n ji5ip pemeHHH y^peAHTe^bHoro co 6 p a H H ( n p n peracrpa-

iHH ce M e iiH o r o n p eA n p H H T H fl);

nH Tb 3 K3 e M n jia p o B y c T a B a ;

A O K yM eH TH , n o A T B e p x A a io iiH e M eci'OH axo>KAeH H e n p eA n pH H T H n ;

KBHTaHUHio 0 6 onjiate perHcrpaiHOHHoro c6opa (ecjiH TaKOBOH yera-HOBJieH HCnOJIKOMOM).

B pÂe cjiyw aeB hoiojikomh, onpeAettflfl nopsiAOK pemcTpaiHH, M oryT ycTBHaBjiHBaTb h APyrwe Tpe6oBaHHH HanpHMep, HajiHMHe rapaHTHHHoro nHCbMa, nopy^HTejibCTBa nacTHoro mixa o6 HcnojiHeHHH b3othx Ha ce6 o65i3aTejibCTB. Il03T 0M y a o CAa^H AOKyMeHTOB Ha p erH crp a itfiio H e o 6 x o - Ahmo yTowHHTb AaHHHH nopsiAOK b komhcchh HcnojiKOMa a o perHcrpaiHH.

B TeMeHHe Mecaia hokvikom MecTHoro CoBeTa HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB o6fl3aH 3aperHCTpnpoBaTb npeAnpHHTHe ;ih6o AaTb M0THBHp0BaHHHH ot- Ka3 b ero peracTpaiHH. IIpH 3tom otk33 no MOTHBy Heueêcoo6pa3Hoc b ero co3AaHHH He AonycKaeTca.

26

B perH crpaiH H MoaceT 6htb OTKa3aHO jnnib b c j iy ^ a e Hapym eHHsi y c - TaHOBjieHHoro 3aKOHOAaTejibCTBOM nop^AKa e r o co3AaHHH. H anpH M ep, npH HeCo6^K>ACHHH Tpe6oBaHHH K CXj)OpMJieHHK) yiipeAHTeJIbHHX AOKy- MeHTOB JIh6o HX HeCOOTBeTCTBHH 3aKOHOAaTejIbCTBy.

B pflfle cjiy^aeB, no Bainen HHHinaTHBe, mojkho npeAOcraBHTb b hc- nojiKOM TexHHK0-3K0H0MHHecK0e oocHosaHHe pa6oTH Bamero 6yAyme- ro npeflnpHiTM h p5iA Apyrnx AOKyMeHTOB. OflHaKO, Tpe6oBaHHe o npeAOCTaBjieHHH sthx AonojiHHTejibHHx AOKyMeHTOB c/ieAyeT paccMax- pHBaTb KaK He3aK0HH0e aaace b Tex cjiyMaax, KorAa oho o4>Hu,HajibHo oopMjieHHH AOKyMeHTOB npeAnpHsiTHH b 3tom ace HC- nojiKOMe MoacHO OA-HOBpeMeHHO 3aBepHTb h KonHH. MoacHO TaKace ocfcop- MHTb KOnHH B HOTapnajIbHOH KOHTOpe.

27

Ilocjie nojiyueH HH penieHM o perHcrpaiHH y cra B a npeAnpHHTHH Bac Heo6xoflHMo:

a) o6paTHTtC5i b 6aHx c npocb6ow OTxpbiTb pacêm un cmct. B cootbct- ctbhh c 3aKOHOM PCOCP 0 npeAnpHsiTHiix h npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKOH fle- jrrejibHOCTH b PCOCP Bh sn p a B e Bbrpaxb 6aHK no CBoeMy ycMOTpcHHio AJifl ocynecTBjieHHfl xpeAHTHo-pac*ieTHoro o6aiy*HBaHH;

6) BcraTb Ha yweT b Haji0r0B0H HHcnexiHH (npn Heo6xoAHMC>cra h b OTflejie He^KHjiwx noMeneHHH) paHHcnojixoMa;

b) n o 4>aKTy nojiyM eH iw cêT a b 6 a H x e HanpaBHTb HaMajibHHxy (J)HHaH- coboix) ynpaBjieHHH paifH cnojixoM a sasiBjieHHe o npHATHH npe#npHOTH5i Ha y^ eT (b pÂe cjiy^ aeB H cnojixoM hi caMocTOHTejibHO ocym ecrB jiH ioT n o - craHOBKy Ha y ^ e T );

r) o6paTHTbCJi b panoHHoe OTêjieHne ynpaBjieHHH BHyTpeHHHx jeji c 3aBJieHHeM o pa3pemeHHH na M3roxoBJieHHe xpyrjioM newaTH h nrraMnoB.

OnwT noKa3biBaeT, mto co3#aHHe jno6oro KOMMepwecxoro npeAnpna- TH5I ZOJDKHO nOAXpenjMTbCa CCpbC3HblMH nOArOTOBHTeJIbHbIMH MeponpH- o t h h m h , oieHxon nepcnexraB Ae^TejibHocTH h maHCOB Ha ycnex. H , xoth fla*e b 3to m cjiyâe h h k to He 3acrpaxoBaH ot HeyâM, ocyuecTBjieHHe nOJrOTOBHTeJIbHHX MepOnpHTHH nOSBOJISlCT yMeHblUHTb BepOHTHOCTb co3AaHM5i He>KH3Hecnoco6Horo ripeAnpwsiTMsi. Pe3y;ibTaThi Taxon npeflBa- pHTe^bHoii pa6ora 00pMJi5ii0TC5i b BHje 6H3HeCnjiaHa hjih , HHaê pobo- psi, nporpaMMw npeAnpHHHMaTejibcxoH AeflTejibHOcra.

3 t o t iuiaH C0CTaBji5ieTC5i na ochobc npeAJio^ceHHii npeAnpHHHMaTejien QTHOCHTejibHo 6yAymero 6M3Heca h noMoraeT KCHKpeTH3HpoBaTb o 6 m n e npeAcraBjieHHfl no ero opraHH3au,HW. 06wmho 6H3Hec-iuiaH BXjnoMaeT b ce6fl cjieAyioiiuie ocHOBHwe pa3#ejibi: (J)HHaHcoBHe AaHHbie, MapxeTHHro- Ba s l HH(Jx)pMau,H5i, aHajiH3 napaMeTpoB npoAyxiHH hjih ycjiyr, npeAnojia- raeMas i cncreMa ynpaBjieHHsi, 06cyacAeHHe 6H3Hec-iuiaHa 3aBepmaerc5i paccMOTpeHHeM 0praHH3auH0HH0H CTpyxTypu 6yAymero npeAnpHOTHsi, a Taxate BonpocoB Hajioroo6jioaceHH5i h 6yxrajiTepcxoro yêTa.

CocraBjieHHe 3Toro miaua He B iâeTCH Heo6xoAHMHM ycjioBHeM co3ga- HHfl co6cTBeHHoro A^Jia, OAHaxo MHorae tcm He MeHee npireraiOT x sto h npoieAype. 3xo ofeacHaeTCi tcm, hto Bonpocw, B03HHxai0iiHe b xoAe pa3pa6oTKH 6H3Hec-n;iaHa, HeH36exH0 BCTaHyT nepeA jho6hm HaMHHaio- nHM npeAnpHHHMaTejieM, noaroMy hx u,ejiecoo6pa3HO pemarb 3apaHee, no xpaiuieif Mepe ao toix>, xax 6yAyT CAejiaHbi xpynHwe BJioaceHHJi xann- Tajia. Pa3pa6orxa 6H3Hec-njraHa npwopeTaeT ocoGbin cmhcji b Tex cjiy- Hax, xorAa npeAnojiaraexca Hcn0Jib30BaHHe 6aHxoBCKoro xpeAHTa, nocxojibxy jiio6oh 6aHK noTpe6yeT o t npeAnpHHHMaTejia npeAocraBjieHHsi onpeAejieHHoii HH(J)opMauHH.

Uejiec006pa3H0Tb cocTaBjieHH 6n3Hec-njiaHa a-kh oTeMecTBeHHwx npeAnpHHHMaTejien o6ycjiOBjieHa h tcm epe npeAnpn- HHMaTejibcxoH AeaTejibHocTH. Il0Tpe6H0CTb ace b p a 3 p a 6 o T x e T a x o ro a o - xyMeHTa nocraBHT nepeA He06x0AHM0CTbK) 6ojiee cepbe3H0 noAOHTH x

28

B o n p o cy 06 3KOHOMHMeCKOH H npaKTHUeCKOH B03M0aCH0CTH OCymeCTBJie- HH5i 3ajyM aHHoro A ^ a .

BcflKoe rcjio AOJiacHo 6biTb 0praHH30BaH0, xaic xexHOJiorHMecKH, TaK h couH ajibH O -ncH X O jionm ecK H . T e x H a n o r n a cn eiH ajiH 3 H p o B aH a r j i s i K aac- Aoro KOHKperHoro ACJia, coiiHajibHO-ncHxojiorHMecKafl ace ero opraHH3a- iH5i npHHu,nnHajibHO OAHHaKOsa b o Bcex c(})epax 6H3Heca. E e 3(i)4)eKTHBHOCTb 3aBHCHT OT TOID, KaK TCi6kO 6yAyT COêTaTbCfl, COOTBeT- CTBOBaTb Apyr Apyry TexHOJiorHH h HHAHBHAyajibHbie oco6eHHocrH pa6oT- h h k , npH B O A flnm x r c j io b A B H acem ie.

O op M a co3A aB aeM oro npeA npH flTH , pa3M ep (kojihucctbo p a 6 o T a io - n n x ) h crp yK T yp a (h x paccraHOBKa) onpeAeâiOTC n o o i e noATBepacAe- hhji acH3Hecnoco6HC)CTH HAeii, h x cootbctctbhsi peajibHOMy n0Tpe6HTe^bCK0M y c n p o c y . OopMHpOBaHHe cou .n ajib H o-n cH xojiorH ^ e- ckoh opraHH3au,HH npeAnpHHTHfl HaMHHaeTca c H a6opa jnoA eit, KOTOpbie craH yT nepcoH ajiO M , ko juickthbo m , AaiouHM acH3Hb AC^y- H a 6 n p a ko- MaHAy, B h 0C03H3HH0 hjih He0C03HaHH0 TBOpHTe, co3A aeT e o6 jihk CBoeii opram i3auH H . E e npHBjieKaTe;ibHocTb h y c n e x 3aBHC5iT ot M opajibH wx h ACjio b h x KaêcTB jiioach , npHHHBniHx yaiOBHH h npaBH jia B arn en nrpb i, ueHHocTH h A yx B arnero A ejia.

3 . K A K O P r A H H S O B A T b 3 0 x D E K T H B H b I H

B H 3 H E C

B oB ce He npeT eH A ya Ha n o ;m o T y oxBaTa MHoroMHCJieHHHx 4)aKTopoB y c n e x a b 6 n 3 H ece , xoT ejiocb 6h noAejiHTbca n o 3TOMy noBOAy HeKOTopwMH c o o 6 paaceHHAMH. H o npeacA e o caMOM h o h h t h h Ae;iOBoro y c n e x a .

C TOMKH 3peHH5I B aineH (J)HpMW, 3TO MOryT 6 bITb BblCOKHe nOKa3aTej!H, h x 6;iaron p H 5iTHaa h ycTOH^HBaa AHHaMHKa. H o yAOBjieTBopeHHe TeM, m to AOCTHrHyTO b npoiujiOM , TaHT b c e 6e onacH ocT b - B w MoaceTe 3a 6bm> o K orocypeH Tax, ypoBeH b h KaêerBO npoAyKiHH h y c n y r k o t o p h x n o c r o - a h h o p a cry T . Fl03T0M y APyruM KpHTepneM y c n e x a 6 yAeT npH&raaceHHe k ;iH A epy b AaHHoif c(fcepe AeaTejibHOCTH. Y c n e x MoacHo oueH H Baxb h c TOMKH3peHH5I3aBOeBaHH5IAOJIHpMHKa (B TOM MHCJie M HpoBoro) h yB e^H -MeHHH e e bo BpeMeHH.

Y c n e x MoacHo o iem iT b He T0jibK0 b p h h o h h h x K aT eropnsix, h o h KaK pe3y;n>TaT 3(J)4)eKTHBHOH peopraHH3aiHH 4 )h p m h , co3AaHH5i TaKoro k j ih - MaTa h MOTHBauMOHHOH cpeA H , KOTOpbie AeâiOT p a 6oT y b H en T B opê- c k o h h 6o j ie e npHBjieKaTejibHOH.

IlpeAnpHHHM aTe^b MoaceT He H M eib c o 6c t b c h h o h BbmaioineHCfl hacm , h o o h AOjiacen h 3h t h e e , a nnaBHoe - peajiH30BaTb. X o p o m a a HAea HyacAa- eTCfl He n p o c r o b n p o p a S o r c e , h o b npaKrawecKOM Boim om eH H H - s c e o c -HOBHbie CJIOaCHOCTH H n p o 6êM H 06HMH0 B03HHK3I0T HMCHHO 3AeCb. BaacHbiM cpeACTBOM h x MHHHMH3auHH c caM oro Hawajna HBjiaeTCfl p a 3 p a - 6oTKa 6H 3H ec-ruiaH a, t o e cr b B03M0acH0 6o ; ie e n o jra o ro BHAeHHH T oro, m to h KaK HaAO AfcnaTb, KaKHe npecjieAOBaTb ie jin , k 3 k h m h cpeACTBaMH h b KaKHe cpoKH h x A ocraraT b.

29

B 6H3Hece, KaK h b noBcejHeBHOH xh3hh, cymecrByer co6jia3H npo- c th x pemeHHif. MeacAy tcm pa3BA3Ka npo&ieMbi AajieKo He Bcertfa npocra hjih 6biCTpo npnxoAHT na yM. Ectb h flpyraa onacHocrt - iiohck naHaien hjih Mpe3MepHoe yBjieweHHe nponaraHAOH Hexoropiix iioaxoaob h mcto- AOB. 3 to Macro npHBOAHT k HeonpaBAaHHbiM oacHAaHHAM, nopocAaeT CTpeM/ieHHe coxpaHHTb o6pa3 h cthjib noBeAeHHA BHe 3aBHCHMOCTH o t ho- BHX yCJIOBHH, B XIOFOHe 3a MOAOH IIHTaTbCfl BHCApHTb B CBOIO OpraHH3aiHK> to , mto jih6o npoTHBopeMHT ee npnpoAe, jih6o He cootbeTCTByeT craAHHpa3BHTH5l, ypOBHK) 3HaHHH H KBaJIH(|)HKail,HH, 0C06eHH0CTflM npOH3BOACT-BeHHoro npoiecca h t.a.

H h OAHa yBaxaionax ce6si mKOjia 6n3Heca He o6xoaht o6y*jeHHfl ocho- BaM MapKeTHHra. BeAb oaho h3 rjiaBHbix npaBHji b 6w3Hece - AyMaTb o noTpe6HTejie. OAHaxo jyix OTAejibHoro npeAnpHHHMaTejra oco6yio Baac-HOCTb HMeeT He PUHOK H nOTpe6HCXTTH B006lle, a KOHKpeTHbie pbIHKH H noTpefiHTejiH. Bhxoa Ha hhx Tpe6yeT b KawecTBe npeABapHTejibHoro yc- JIOBH5I CneU,HaJIbHblX pbIHOMHblX HCCJieAOBaHHH - nOJiyMeHHH AOCTOBep- HblX H MaKCHMBJIbHO nOJIHHX AHHblX O nOTeHIHaJIbHOM cnpoce, bo3mo2khoct5ix ero c|)opMHpoBaHHfl, MOTHBax noBeAeHHfl noKynaTejisi, OT- 3MBVIHBOCTH nOTpe6HTejIfl Ha KOHKpeTHbie MeTOAbI CTHMyjIHpOBaHH5I cnpoca (peicjiaMy, ieHbi, opraHH3aiHio ToproBjiH h t .a .) .

IIpeacAe ^eM npHCTymiTb k o6cyacAeHHio xapaKTepa TOBapoB, npneM- jieMHx AJifl np0H3B0ACTBa b paMKax Majioro 6n3Heca, xoTejiocb 6w eue ynoMHHyTb 06 oahom MOMeme, a HMeHHO, o tcchoh b3Hhmocb5I3h MeacAy TOBapaMH h ycjiyraMH, c oahoh cropoHu, h noKynaTejisiMH - c Apyron. PaccMaTpHBaTb oaho b oTpbiBe o t APyroro 6eccMwcjieHHO, TaK KaK TOJibKO BMecTe ohh (J)opMHpyK)T OTHOineHHfl cnpoca h npeAJioaceHHfl.

B 6ojibiiiHHCTBe cjiy waeB TOBap (hjih ycjiyra), kotopwh np0H3B0AHT hjih co6npaeTCfl np0H3B0AHTb npeAnpHHHMaTejib, bxoaht b KaTeropnio pa3yMHbix. A nocKOJibKy Bu6op TOBapa wjih ycjiyra Bceuejio 3aBHCHT o t caMoro npeAnpHHHMaTejifl, 3Ta o6jiacrb ero AeflTejibHOCTH 3acjiyHBaeT caMoro npHCTaji'bHoro bhhm3hh 5i.

ITepBbiM maroM b cJjopMHpoBaHHH (kuibinnHCTBa Majiwx npeAnpHATHH ABHjiCfl b h 6op TOBapa (HAea Hamiymnero cnoco6a ero npon3BOACTBa hjih peajm3aiHH).

Bo3bMeM aji npHMepa OAHy (J)HpMy A 3. ToBap, ko tophh Bbi6pajia (mpMa A3 juisi np0H3B0ACTBa, xapaKTepH30Bajicfl cjieAyionHM:

1. Oh Heo6xOAHM AJI H3rOTOBJieHH5I APyrHX H3AejIHH.2. 3 th APyrne H3AejiHfl np0H3B0AflTCfl b ochobhom KpynHbiMH h cnjib-

HblMH npOH3BOACTBeHHbIMH KOHLepHaMH.3. 3aAaMa hpmh - KOHCTpynpoBaHHe h MexaHHHecKaa o6pa6oTKa

KpynHwx KycKOB pa3JiHMHbix MaTepnajios, b ochobhom MeTajuios. Kom- naHHfl o6ecneMHBaeT KOHcrpyHpoBaHHe h o6pa6oTKy, a noKynaTejib - Ma- Tepnajibi.

4. T OBap Tpe6yeT TexHHnecKoro o6cjiyacHBaHHfl, hto rapaHTHpyeT npo- AOjiaceHHe (noBTop) pa6oT.

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5 . O&beM pa6oT, 3aKa3biBaeMHM xaxtAbiM KpynHbiM noTpe6HTejieM He- AOCTaTOMeH jjjis i Toro, uto6h caM noTpe6HTejib 3aHHMajicsi ero Bbmojme- HHeM*

6 .06pa6oTKa MaTepnajioB BbmojiHHerca Bbic0K0KBajiH(J)HulHp0BaHHbi- mh cneinajiHCTaMH.

3 t o noMTH H/eajibHHH B u 6 o p TOBapa j j j ix np0H3B0ACTBa b paM Kax Majio ro npeA npH TH . JaBaHTe AeTajnHO paccMOTpHM K axtAyio xapaK T epw - CTHKy TOBapa.

1. T osap Heo6xoflHM. 3 to xopomee Haâjio. HeMajio 6buio cjiyâeB 6aH- KpoTCTBa Majiwx npeAnpHHTHH, npnwHHOH kotopwx BHjiocb npeHe6pe-aceHHe 3TOH MHCJIbK).

C o e e m n e p e u u : b KaêcTBe sainero TOBapa BbrnpaHTe TaKOH TOBap hjih ycjiyry, b kotopom noTpe6HTejib HcnuTHB act n0Tpe6H0CTb.

2. TOBap BKjnoMeH b TexH0Ji0FH*iecKHH npouecc TBepAO CToamHx Ha ho- rax K pyn H w x npeflnpHHTHH (KOHiepHOB, accoinaiHH, oh>eflHHeHHH). 3T0 nOJIO^CeHHe OTHOCHTCJI B OCHOBHOM K MajIbIM npOH3BOACTBeHHb!M (J)HpM3M H He HMeeT CTOJIb npftMOIX) OTHOQ16HHA K npeAnpHHTH5IM o6cJiy- 7LHBaHHfl. fljlfl MaJIOH npOH3BOACTBeHHOH (|)HpMM 3TO 03Ha*iaeT, MTO nO- hck noTpe6HTejifl kohcmhoh npOAyKiHH (b OTjnmne o t noncxa noTpe6HTejiH npo^yKUHH caMoii KOMnaHHH) o6ecneMHBaeTC5iKpynHHMH, xoporno 0praHH30BaHHfalMH H xopomo (J)HH3HCHpyeMbIMH npeflnpHHTHSI- MH.

C o e e m e m o p o u : ajih Majion 4)hpmh iejiec006pa3H0 np0H3B0jHTb TOBa- pbi h y c j iy r n , H cnojib3yeM bie b AajibH enm eM np0H3B0ACTBe.

3 . 3 aAaMa (JmpMbi - KOHCTpynpoBaHHe h o6pa6oTKa MaTepnajioB, no- craBjweMbix KpynHWMH npeAnpHHTHsiMH.

0 6 hmho o t 3koh yâê h MewaTb hc npnxoAHTC. B npaKTHKe TaKHe cjiywaH BCTpeMaiOTCsi icpairae peAKo. Hane Bcero Kpyimoe np0H3B0ACT- seHHoe npeAnpHrae (KOHiepH) BbiHyageH noKynaTb Cbipbe h komiuick- Tyiomwe H3AejiHH, o6pa6aTbiBaTb hx h 3aTeM npoAaBaTb.

Rorâ BjiaAejieu; Majioro npeAnpHHTHii paccKa3HBaeT BaM o cbocm to- Bapoo6opoTe, cnpocHTe ero, KaKyio MacTb TOBapoo6opoTa cocraBjraeT ero Co6CTBeHHbIH TOBap. PeajIbHWH nOKa3aTeJIb npH6bUIbHOCTH (J)HpMbI - 3TO AOxoA ot BbinojiHeHHOH en pa6oTbi, a He npoAaxHaa ieHa kohcmhoh npo- AyKU H H .

C o e e m m p e m u u : Barna Ae^TejibHOCTb n o n p 0H3B0ACTBy TOBapa hjih 06- p a 6oTK e M a T ep n a jia HM eeT ie jib io co3AaHHe TOjibKO A onojiH H TejibH on cto- hmocth TOBapa hjih M a T ep n a jia . I lp n Bbi6o p e TOBapa hjih ycjiyrn n o cT ap a T ecb h3hth T a x o e n p 0 H3B0 ACTB0 , b kotopom n p H o6 peTeHHe Hyac- hhx M aTepnajiO B Tpe6oB ajio 6 bi M H H H M ajibH ux 3aTp a T c Bainew ctopohh.

4 . ToBap Tpe6yeT TmaTejibHoro o6cjiyacHBaHHH h noBTopeHHa yace b h - nojiHeHHbix pa6oT. 3 th ABa CBOHCTBa TOBapa oco6chho npnBjieKaTejibHbi AJifl Majioro 6H3Heca. Bo3MO^ KHOCTb o6cjiy>KHBaHH5i npoH3BeAeHHbix H3Ae- jihh 5iBjiaeTC5i a^ ih BjiaAejibia Majioro npeAnpHHTHH oahhm h3 caMbix cnjib-HblX CTHMyjIOB K OTKpUTHK) COCTBeHHOrO ACJia.

31

Coeem Hemeepmbiu: Majiu Macurra6 Barnero npeAnpHHTHfl n03B0jiHT BaM yêjiHTb mhofo bhhm3hhh o6cjiyacHBaHHio npoH3BejCHHbix BaMH to - B apoB . C T apaM T ecb HaHTH TOBapw, o d ^ a ^ a io m n e sthm K aM ecraoM (H eo6- xoAHM oeTb o 6c jiyacH B aH H x), noTOM y, mto oho o 6ecneH H B aeT T ecH yio CBsi3b c n o T p e 6nT ejieM h ra p a H T n p y e T B0306H 0BjieH H e p a 6oT .

5 .06beM pa6oT, 3aKa 3HBa eMuii KaacAHM noTpe6HTejieM, He HacTOJibKO BejiHK, mto6h eMy caMOMy 6buio BbircAHO 3aHHMaTbCH ero BbinojmeHHeM. IIoTpeSHTejiio AenieBjie KynHTb TOBapw, MeM hx npoH3BecTH.

J I jisl MajiOH (J)HpMBi BcerAa c y m e c rB y e T y rp o 3 a noTepsiTb n o T p e 6 HTeji , eCJIH y T o ro nOflBHTCJI B03M0aCH0CTb C3K0H0MHTb AeHbTH HJIH flO&ITbCH JIIO- 6o h A p y ro H xcejiaeMoft ie jm , 3aH&BinHCb caM o cro flTe jibH H M B H n ojiH eH H - eM npeAHa3HaM eHHw x r j i x MajiOH KOM naHHH p a 6oT . H k TaKO M y o o p o T y A ejia Haô 6biTb ro ro B H M .

Coeem nsimbiu: npeHM ym ecTBOM Majioro npeAnpHftTH H HBjisieTCfl t o , m to B H nycK aeM w e hm n a p r a n TOBapoB M oryT 6HTb AOCTaTOMHO H e6o j ib - iiiH M H , b t o ace BpeMA o h h 6yAyT o6ecneM HBaTb n p w 6b u ib , T o r^ a KaK x p y n - H oe npeA npH H T H e AOJiacHO np0H 3B 0A tfTb co jiH A H ue n a p r a n TOBapOB, m to 6h ao6hti>C5i peH T a6ejibHOCTH. C T ap aH T ecb B u 6p aT b TOBap hjih y c j iy - r y , ojiaAaiom M e 3thm KaMecTBOM (oahhm H3 H eM H ornx , HenocpeACTBeH - h o o6ycjiO B jieH H H x M ajiH M M acu iTa 6oM B a rn e ro npeAripHHTHsi) .

6. Bwcokhh ypoBeHb Hoy-xay (TexHOjiorHH). 3to KaMecTBO coBepmeH- ho Heo6xoAHMO, ecjiH Bh acejiaeTe, mto6h Bam TOBap ytbepAHJic 3 Ha mhorne roAbi, hmchho oho OTjiHnaeT HacrosmHH TOBap ot noAAejioic. Pa3yMHoe Hcn0Jib30BaHwe bhcokoh TexHOjiorHH HaHJiymiiHM 06pa30M 3a- crpaxyeT Bac ot HecTa6HjibHoerH TOBapa.

C o e e m lu e c m o u : M acm Ta6 B a rn ero npeAnpHHTHH orpaHHM HBaeT M ac- m T a 6 B a rn e ro n p o n 3BOACTBa. H o b t o ace BpeM 5i o h HH^yTb He o rp a m iM H - sa e T B03M0acH0CTb BHeApeHHsi Hoy-xay. Y a ce OAHa 3Ta B03M0acH0cn> cocTaB jiH er BaacHbiH a cn eK T HCKjiioMHTejibHOCTH B a rn e ro TOBapa h jih y c - j iy r n .

Coeem cedbMou: MajibiH M acm T a6 B a rn e ro npeAnpnsiTHsi orpaHHMHBa- eT B a u r a BjioaceHHH b ofiopyAOBaHHe n p 0H3B0ACTBa TOBapoB. E c j ih y B a c eCTb B03M0CH0CTb BKJiaAHBaTb AeHbrH B npOH3BOACTBO OCHaCTKH 060- pyAOBaHHfl, TeM CaMHM Ao6HTbCfl HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH HCKJHOMHTejIbHO- c t h , H e6o jib m o H M acm T a6 B a r n e r o npeA npH siTH Ji He 6yAeT a j ih B a c nOMeXOH B AOCTHaceHHH BblCOKOIX) ypOBHSI K0H K ypeH T0Cn0C06H0CTH. B npoTHBHOM c jiy w a e B3aHM00TH0meHHH c KOHKypeHTaMH M oryT cjioacH T bca He b B a m y nojn>3y .

B c e 3 th coBe A JîeKO He HCMepnbiBaiOT Bce CHTyaiHH, KOTopwe mo- ryT 3K3aMeHOBaTb MajiHH 6n3Hec. XoTejiocb 6u CAejiaTb jiHiiib oaho o6mee 3aMeMaHHe: npeAOcrepeMb 0TH0CHTejibH0 TpaTH AeHer. Xoth cyTb 6n3Heca h coctoht b pacxoAOBaHHH AeHer, HeKOTopwe jiioah cjihiiikom yBjieKaK>TC5i h TepjiiOT cb 5i 3 b c peajibHOCTbK) b Ty ace MHHyTy, Kona y hhx OKa3HBaeTC5i b pyxax peajibHbie AeHbra Ha pacxoAbi. JI,HCUHiuiHHa, KOTopyio acmohct- pnpyer uejiOBeK npn pacxoAOBaHHH AeHer, HBjiaeTCfl jiyMmHM tcctom npn oqeHKe ero xapaKTepa.

32

Ene jiyione, ecjiH c b o h norpe& iTejib He npocro onpeAejieH, h o h b o b - jieêH KaKHM-TO 06pa30M b npoiecc co3AaHHH TOBapa, b KoonepaiHio c npOH3BOAHTeJieM. 3 t 0 BHOCHT B pHHOK 3JieMeHTH 0praHH30BaHH0CTH, npeACKa3yeMOCTH, AOBepHH, t o m h o ct h BW5iBjieHH5i noTpe6HocreH h nyTen h x yAOBjiexBopeHHi.

B pa6oTe Ha pbiHKe ecTb o#Ha saxHasi 3anoBeAb: b h x o a i c h o b h m t o - BapoM, He crpeMHTecb cpa3y npoAaTb mhoix), 3aBoeBMBaHTe pbiHOK nocre- neHHO, nocjieAOBaTe^bHHMH He6ojibmHMH maraMH, nojiyâsi Bce BpeMJi OTBeTHWe CHIUaJIbl.

HincaKasi AejiOBas CTpaTerna He o6x o a h t c h 6e3 CBoero poAa pa3BeAKH hjih aHajiH3a ACOTejibHocTH KOHKypeHTOB. 3 to He npocTo nojiyMeHHe CBe- AeHHH O CHJIbHHX H CJia6bIX CTOpOHaX APyrHX (J)HpM, HO H H3yêHHe co6- CTBeHHoii opraHH3au,HH, B03M02KH0creH yKpeiuieHH ee noTeHinajia. 3 xa c(J)epa HenoepeAeTBeHHO CMHKaeTCfl c MapxeTHHroM, OHa aHajra3HpyeTpbiHOK KaK 6m C AByX CTOpOH. C OAHOH - MTO eile MOaceT 6bITb npeAJIOXCeHO, KaKne ecTb Apyrne BapnaHTH yAOBjieTBopeHHH AaHHbix noTpe6HocreH, xa- KHe pbiHOMHbie hhuih yxce 3aH5iTH h kcm h t.a-; c APyroii - KaK HaH6ojiee onTHMajibHo AOJiacHa OTpearnpoBaTb Ha 3to Barna 4>npMa.

H3yâA KOHKypeHTOB, Heo6xOAHMO HMeTb B BHAy He TOJIbKO Tex, KTO conepHHMaeT c BaMH ceroAHH, ho h Tex, k to m o^ct BCKope hjih noTeHu,H- ajibHO CTaTb BaniHM KOHKypeHTOM Ha pwHKe. XejiaTejibHO HMeTb o HeM MaKCHMajibHo nojiHyio HHcfropMauHio: o ero pecypcax, HaBbixax h cnoco6- hocthx, (J)opMe co6cTBeHHocTH h opraHH3aiHH, npHopHTeTax, iejrax H crpaTeraH, nocraBuHKax, napTHepax h noTpe6HTejiax. Bce 3to - Ma- Tepnaji rjm aHajiH3a h pa3pa6oTKH 6yAymnx cieHapneB Barnero 3koho- MHMecKoro noBeAeHHH.

B 6H3Hece, KaK, BnpoêM, h b noBceAHeBHoit xh3hh, npn HeyAaâx ot- MewaeTC^ crpeMjieHHe HaHTH hx npHTOHy b pa3jiHwx He6jiaronpHsiT- hbix BHeniHHx (fraKTopax h o6croTejibCTBax, h ropa3AO peaee nponcxoAHT HenpeAB3HTHH CaMOaHajIH3. OAHaKO OH Heo6xOAHM - H He TOJIbKO B TpyA-Hbie BpeMeHa, ho h Boome ajia o6ecneMeHHH 34x})eKTHBHbix pe3yjibTaTOB.

JXjisl pyKOBOAHTejieH mcjikhx cJjhpm, b Hacroflmee BpeMa o6o3HaMHjincb o6jiacTH, yêT kotophx nosBonsieT b nepcneKTHBe ycnjiHTb opraHH3aiH- OHHbiif noTeHinaji 4>hpmh. Bot ohh:

Keo6xoAHMO BHAeHHe 6yAym ero (Jj h p m h h m c t k o h crpaTeniH ero a o c t h - 3kchh5;

Heo6xoAHMa oco6a& CTpaxerH^ b o6jiacTH MejiOBeMecKHx pecypcos, aACKBaTHan BaiimM o6nHM ycraHOBKaM, iejraM h npHHinnaM;

HaAO AaTb coTpyAHHKaM noeroaHHyio B03M0>KH0CTb ofiyâTbCfl b achctbhh, noBumaib ypoBeHb ncHHMamiH csoero ACJia h 6n3Heca b iejiOM, jsjisi Mero HeooxoAHMa nejieHanpaBjieHHas pa6oTa no BHyTpHcjwpMeHHOH noAroroBKe h nepenoAroTOBKe KaAPOB, BbisrajieHHe hobhx B03M02KH0CTeH jijisi noBbimeHH KBajiH(})HKau,HH;

ynpasjwiomHe o6fl3aHH KyjibTHBHpoBaTb o6pa3ibi noBeAeHHa coTpyA- hhkob (noomp^Tb rpynnoByio pa6crry, MeaaJtyHKUHOHajibHbie BsaHMO- AeHCTBHSI, o6mCH MH({?OpMaiX,HeH H T.A.) ;

33

ACudkho CTHMyjiHpoBaTbCfl jno6oe HOBaxopcKoe noBeêHne;Heo6xoflHMo 3a6oTHTbC5i 06 yjiymueHHH 0praHH3aiH0HH0H KyjibTypw

(J)HpMH H TBOpMeCKOM KJ1HM3TC B Heft;HyaCHO 3a6oTHTbC5I H O IipeOflOJieHHH COnpOTHBJieHM H3MeHeHH5IM, o

HapanpiBaHHH noTemnajia nepeMeH;HaKOHeu, He06x0AHM0 BOBpeMa h Tpe3Bo oieHHBaTb BHennme yrpo3u

h aêRBarao Ha hhx pearnpoBaTb. KaK noKa3ajia npaKTHKa, 6h3hcc - aejio oneHb pncKOBaHHoe. IloaTOMy,

ecjiH Bm xoTHTe Ao6wThC5i ycnexa, - HajiaacHBairre OTHomeHHH c jiioflbMH. floBepne - 3to t3koh ace KanHTaji, KaK AeHbra, TexHOjiorn, a Macro Aaace 6ojibme. Bce sto noATBepayaeT OAHy npocryio HCTHHy - ycnexa zo6nBa- K)TC5i jiioah. Ho jiioah ace e^jiaiOT h ouih6kh. Ohh ckjiohhh yBjieKaTbca, nepeoii;eHHBaTb pe3yjnTaTH, 3aKpuBaTb r;ia3a Ha HeAOcraTKH. Ho ycnex He BeneH. Oh TcuibKO Torza peajieH, Korâ nozwepacHBaexca h pa3BHBaeT- csi, Korâ 6n3Hec AewcTBHTejibHO CTpeMHTC k coBepmeHCTBy h npeBoc-XOflCTBy.

4 . K A K H 3 E E > K A T b I I P E A I I P H H H M A T E J I I O B O J I b lD H X H A J I O r O B *

Heo6xoflHMocTb 6wcrporo HaKOiuieHH5i HaKoiuieHHa KamiTajiOB b ycjiobhax ycmiHBaiomerocH HajioroBoro npecca co ctopohh Pocchhckoix) ro- cyAapcrBa h rocyAapcTB C H r TOjiKaeT npeAnpHHHMaTejieH Ha noHCK h Hcn0Jib30BaHwe jiio6mx B03M0acH0creH a-hh HeyiuiaTbi Hajioros. TeM 60- jiee, wto y 98 % HacejieHHa HeT MHHHMajibHoro KanHTajia ajm BcryiuieHHfl b 6n3Hec. CeMb AecHTHjieTHH ypaBHHjioBKH ocTaBHjiH noAaBjisnomyio Macre rpaacAaH C H r npaKTHMecKH 6e3 c6epeaceHHH. n o AaHHUM onpoca, npoBeAeHHoro BLHOM b KOHie 1992 r., ;mmb 2 % onpomeHHHx hmcjih c6epeaceHH Ha cyMMy, npeBwmaioiutyK) 10 th c. py6., (J)opMajibHbiM mh- HHMyM AJifl perMcrpauHH co6cTBeHHoro npeAnpH^TH. B ycjiOBHHx OTcyT- CTBH51 KanHTajIOB 6bICTpoe CTaHOBJieHHe MaCTHHX (J)OpM npeAnpHHHMaTejibCTBa Tpe6yeT H&cjiioMHTejibHO 6jiaronpHTHoro peacn- Ma Hajioroo6jioaceHHfl, KaK b othouichhh npnbuieif BHOBb co3AaBaeMi>ix npeAnpHHTHH, 0C06eHH0 b Macra peHHB ecTHiHH, Tax h b 0TH0nieHHH jihm-HblXAOXOAOB.

OcHOBy CHCTeMbi Hajioroo6jioaceHH5i b Pocchhckoh OeAepaiHH o6pasy- io t cjieAyion^He Hajiorn:

1. Hajior Ha Ao6asjieHHyio croHMocTb b pa3Mepe 28 %, 3aMeHHBuiHH c 1992 r. BBeAeHHHH ix)aom paHee 5 % Hajior c npoAaac h no nopaAKy hcmhc- jieHHfl OTjiHMaionHHC ô t Hero ronbKO yMeHbineHHeM nepeMHH jibrox.

* n o A p o 6 iie e cm. k h .: K w nepM aii T.H., Bejiajioe A.3. H an o ro o S jio w eH M e n pe#npH H - t h h h rpaM AaH P o c c h h c k o h O e ^ e p a u H H . - M.: MBU, AMTOJIAH, 1 9 92 . - 2 1 0 c.; Bejisuios A.3. KaK H36e>KaTb n p e ^ n p h h th h m 6 ojibuiHX p o c c h h c k h x iiajioros. - M .: MBU, AMTOJIAH, 1 9 9 2 . - 5 0 c.; Bejiajiou A.3. K aK H36em aTb rpa>KânaM 6 o jib iiih x H a jio ro s- M. MBU, AHTOJIAH, 19 9 2 . - 6 0 c.

34

2. Hajior c npn6fcum, Jibrora no KoropoMy b 1992 r. no cpaBHeHino c npeflHAymHM toaom 3HaMHxejibHO ype3aHH. TaK, ecjm paHbine Majine npe^npHiiTHa b nepBHH toa ze5iTejibHocTH njiaTHjm 25% o t npHMHTaio- necH cyMMH, a BTopoii roA cootb ctctbeHho - 50%, to Tenepb 3Ta jibixyra OTMCHCHa. CTaBKa Hajiora cocraBjiaeT b Hacroamee BpeMsi 32%. K npn- 6hjih o6jiaraeMOH HajioroM, Ao6aBjiiieTCJi Taicace Macrb 3apa6oTHon iuiath , npeBwmaiomasi b pacêTe Ha oahopo paoTatonero 4 MHHHMajibHwx oicjiafla.

3. IIjiaTeacH b 6iOAaceT Ha rocyftapcTBeHHoe counajibHoe crpaxoBaHHe h b neHCHOHHHH 4>oha b pa3Mepe ao 37 % ot HaMHCJiemioH 3apa6oTHo iuiaTH* IIpnêM, ecran b 1991 r. 3th iuiaTeacn HaMHCJisuiHCb TO^ bKO Ha bh- imaTH paoTaionHM no TpyAOBHM AoroBopaM, to c 1992 r. ohh HaHHOia- lOTca Taicace h Ha BunjiaTbi no rpaacAaHCKO-npaBOBHM AoroBopaM c (J)H3HuecKHMH jiHiaMH (AoroBop noAPAa h AoroBop nopyueHH5i) h Aaace no cyMMaM aBTopcKoro B03HarpaacAeHHH.

4. Hajiora Ha aoxoah (J)h3hmcckhx ;mi no nporpeccHBHOH micajie.TaKHM 06pa30M, HaMHHaionHH 6w3HecMeH 0Ka3HBaeTCH noA TiiacejiHM

HajioroBhiM 6peMeHeM. IIojioaceHHe ycyry6ji5ieTCH eiie h tcm, mto bccm npeAnpHHTHAM 3anpeneHH npaxTHMecKH jnone BwiuiaTM HajumHHMH, He CBii3aHHbie c oiuiaTon TpyAa pa6orHHicoB, a 6aHKaM BMeHeHO b o63aH- HOCTb KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb npeAnpHflTHH B ViaCTH HCn0JIb30BaHHH HaJIH^ HblX CpeACTB.

IIpeAnpHHHMaTe^flM m h MoaceM nocoBeroBaTb HecKOjibKO bwxoaob h3 nojioaceHHii.

H ajior Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio CTOHMOCTb MoacHo yMeHbinHTb Hcnojib3y5i cjieAyionHe cnoco6bi:

AoroBapHBanTecb CKjiweHTaMH o nopAKe pacneTOB 3a Tosap.JonycTHM, Bama npoAyiciHfl ctoht 1 mjih py6. IIoKynaTejiio oh 6yAeT

croHTb yace 1 mjih 280 THC.py6., a ecjin noKynaTe^b nocpeAHHK, to oh BHHyacAeH 6yAer noAHHMaTb ieHy Aajibnie. BwroAHee AoroBopHTbCJi c no- KynaTeêM, mto6m oh 3aiuiamji 500 rac. py6. 3a TOBap, a 500 thc. py6. nepeBeji b Bani 4>oha pa3BHTH. Hajior Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio ctohmoctb HaAO iuiaraTb y ace m/ibico c nepBbix 500 thc. py6.

C;i^6oe Mecro 3Aecb 3aKjnoMaeTCH b tom, mto cpeACTBa (b HameM npn- Mepe 500 thc. py6.) , nocrynHBinHe b (J)oha pa3BHTira, Bce paBHO o6jiara- lOTCfl HajioroM - Ha npnbuib. Ho mia 3Toro cynecTByiOT cnoco6n coKpaueHHfl Hajiora Ha npn6n^b (cm. HHace).

K ax MoacHo nojiHee wcnojib3yHTe jibroTM no Hajiory.O t Hajiora Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio CTOHMOCTb ocBo6oHCAaK>TC5i:TOBapn (pa6oTH, ycjiyni), 3KcnoprapyeMHe 3a npeAejiH rocyAapcTB -

MjieHOB 3 K0H0MH*iecK0r0 coo6mecTBa, a Taicace ycjiyra no TpaHcnopra- poBKe, norpy3xe, pa3rpy3Ke, neperpy3ice 3KcnoprnpyeMHx tobbpob h npn TpaH3HTe HHOCTpaHHHX rpy30B Mepe3 TeppHTopHio PCOCP;

TOBapn h ycjiyra, npeAHa3HaweHHHe una o(J)HitfiajibHoro n0Jib30BaHH5i HHOCTpaHHHX AHiuibMaTHMecKHx h npupaBHeHHHx k hhm npeACTaBH-

35

TeJlbCTB, a TaKXCe JJJM JIHMH0IK) n0JIb30BaHH5I MJieHOB AHIUIOMaTHMeCKOrO H aflMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeXHHTCCKOrO IiepCOHaJia 3THX IipeflCTaBMTejIbCTB, BKjiioMaH mjichob hx ceMeii, npoxHBaionHx BMecre c hmmh;

ycjiyrH ropoffCKoro naccaacHpcxoro TpaHcnopra (kpomc Taxcn), a Taier e ycjiyra no nepeB03KaM naccaxHpoB b npnropoAHOM cooneHHH Mop- CKHM, peMHHM, >Kejie3HOAOpOCHMM H aBT0M06ltftbHbIM TpaHCnopTOM;

KBapTHpHaji ruiaTa;ctohmoctb BbncynaeMoro b nopsmice npHBaTH3aiiHH HMynecrBa rocy-

japcTBCHHLix npeanpuflTHH, a Taxate apeHAHaa iuiaTa no apeHAHHM npefl- npusiTHHM, 06pa30BaHHbiM Ha 6a3e rocyAapcTBeHHbix npeAnpHATHH;

onepauHH no CTpaxoBaHmo h nepecrpaxoBaHHK), BbmaMa h nepeâwa ceyA, a Taxate onepauHH, coBepniaeMwe no achc^chum BKjiaAaM, pacêT- HbiM, TeKynHM h APyrM cueraM;

onepauHH, CB5i3aHHwe c opaneHneM bbjiiotm, ACHer, 6aHKHOT, jibjisi- lonHxca 3aKOHHHMH cpcACTBaMH iuiaTeaca (KpoMe Hcnojib3yeMHx b Hy- MH3MaraqecKHx iejiax), a Taxate ieHHbix 6yMar (axiHH, od/iHraiHH, cepTH(J)HKaTw, Beiccejifl h ap.) ;

npOAaaca nOMTOBHX MapOK (KpOMe XOJUieXIHOHHblX) , MapKHpOBaHHblX OTKpbiTOK, KOHBepTOB, jioTepeHHwx 6hjictob; .

AencTBH5i, BbinojiHseMbie cneiHajibHO ynojiHOMOMeHHWMH Ha to opra- H3MH, 3a OKa3aHHe kotophx B3HMaeTC5i rocyAapcTBeHHaH nonuiMHa, a Taxate ycnym, oxa3WBaeMbie HJieHaMH xojuiemH aABOxaros h nepeBOA- MHK3MH HHOCTpaHHHX 5I3HKOB;

060p0TH K33HHO, HrpOBHX aBTOM3TOB, BHHrpHIHH HO CTaBKaM Ha Hn- noApoMax;

ycjiyrn b ccjepe HapoAHoro 06pa30BaHH5i, CB5K3aHHue c yMe6Ho-npow3- BOACTBeHHBiM npoieccoM, njiaTa 3a o6yêHHe ac tch h noApocTKOB b xpyatxax, cexiHsix, cryAHax, ciiopthbhhx coopyateHHax, a Taxate ycjiyra no coAepacaHHio AeTew b AomxojibHwx ywpeatAeHHsix h no yxoAy 3a 6ojib- HbiMH h npecTapejibiMH;

BbmaMa, ycrynxa h nojiyMeHHe naTeHTOB, aBTopcKHx npas, jimeH3HH;PHTyajibHwe ycjiyrn noxopoHHbix 6iopo, Kjiajs&nm h xpeMaTopneB,

npoBeAenne o6p*iaob h iepeMOHHH pejmrH03HHMH opraHH3auH5iMH;ycjiyrH y^peacAerniH xyjibTypu h HCKyccTBa, TeaTpajibHo-3pejiHnHbie,

cnopTHBHbie, KyjibTypH0-np0CBeTHTejibCKHe, pa3BJiexaTe;ibHbie Mepon- PH5ITH5I, BKJIIOMafl BHAeonoxas;

riayMHO-HCCiieAOBaTejibCKHe h 0nbiTH0-K0HCTpyKT0pcKHe pa6oTH, bh- nojiHHeMwe 3a chzt roc6ioAêTa, h xo3AoroBopHbie, BwnoAHsieMbie o6pa- 30BaTejibHbiMH yMpeacAeHHAMH.

BpeMA Hajiora Ha npH6ujib MoatHo ofoeniHTb c/ieAyiomHMH cnoco6a- mh:

1. yMeHbuienue cyMM najioea 3a cnem onmuMU3au,uu cmpyKmypu ce- deemouMoemu npou36odcmQa u pecuiu3au,uu npodyKiuu.

Heo6xOAHMO yBejIHHHTb CyMMy aM0pTM3aUH0HHbIX OTHMCJieHHH Ha nOJIHOe BOCCTaHOBJieHHe OCHOBHUX IipOM3BOACTBeHHbIX ())OHAOB.

36

MOpTH3aUHOHHHe OTWHCJieHHfl 3ailHMaiOT 3HaHHTeJIbHyiO flOJIK) B crpyKType ce6ecTOHMOCTH npoAyKiiiH. Hx yBejimeHHe no3Bo;iHeT: bo- nepBbix, noBbiCHTb ce6ecroHMocTb npoAyKiHH h xeM caMbiM yMeHbiiiHTb npM6huib npeflnpHHTHH, a 3HaMMT coorBercTBeHHO HecKOJibKO yMeHbimiTb a6cojnoTHyio cyMMy HajioroB c npHSbum; bo-btophx, aMopTH3aunoHHbie OTMHCJieHHfl HanpaBjiHioTCfl b haob (o6t>cktm 3flpaB00xpaHeHH5i, KyjibTypm, cnopra, AeTcaAM h Ap.) ocymecrBjmeTCsi 3a CMeT npnbuiH npeanpHflTHH. Oxcioâ BbrreKaeT HHTepec k yBejinqe- HHIO AOJ1H OCHOBHblX npOH3BOACTBeHHWX (J)OHAOB 3a CMCT paiHOHaJIbHOIX) npeo6pa30BaHHH (nepenpojHuiHpoBaHHa) Henp0H3B0ACTBeHHHx ohaob b np0H3B0ACTBeHHwe. HanpHMep, OTAejibHO CToamne o&beKTb! KyjibTyp- HO-cnopTHBHbix komiuickcob npeo6pa30BaTb (peKOHCTpywpoBaTb) b iiiBeimbie iexa, np0H3B0ACTBeHHbie MacTepcKHe h T.n.

K o h c w h o , 3 t h M eponpH H TH fl c jie A y e T A e ^ a T b b p a 3y M H H x n p e A e ^ a x . H e j ib 3fl Bce H e n p 0 H3B0 ACTBeHHwe côhah n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B aT b b n p 0 H3B0 ACT- B eH H bie. H t o - t o H yacH o ocT aB H T b h H a c o iH a jib H O -K y jib T y p H b ie H y a c a h npeAnpHHTHH (oco6eHHo a c TcaAM, (x v ib H H ib i). Ho, TeM He MeHee, b h h - HeiUHHX dOaCHHX 3K0H0MHMeCKHX yCJIOBHHX COKpaiIjeHHe 3aTpaT Ha co- UHajibHo-KyjibTypHbie pacxoAw Hew36e>KHO.

/oBeAMTe pacxoAM Ha oruiaTy TpyAa ao HopMaTHBHoro ypOBH. B 1992 r. HopMHpyeMaa BejiHMHH6a pacxoAOB Ha oiuiaTy TpyAa onpe-

Aeâercji, hcxoa H3 cj)aKTHMecKOH cpeAHeMecanHOH o iu iara TpyAa pa6oT-HHKOB, 3aH5ITUX B OCHOBHOM A^^Te^bHOCTH, B HaCTH, OTHOCHMOH Ha ce6ecroHMocTb npoAyKiHH ( h o He Bbirne MenjpexKpaTHoro pa3Mepa m h - HHMcUibHOH o n jia T w T p y A a , ycraH O BjieH H O H h H H A eK cnpyeM O H b 3aKOHO- A ^TejibH O M n o p s iA K e ) , h (J)aKTHM ecKOH cpeA H ecnncoM H O H M H aieH H O cra 3T0 H KaTeropHH pa60THHK0B*

n p H 3TOM B CpeAHeCnHCOMHyiO MHC/ieHHOCTb, KaK OTMeMajIOCb, bkjiio- MaiOTCH TaKace paoraiomne no AorosopaM noAPÂa, ApyrHM AoroBopaM rpaacA aH C K 0 - n p a B 0 B0 r 0 x a p a K T e p a h coB M ecT H T ejibC T B y.

IloAHHMHTe 3aTpaTbi Ha pa6oTbi w ycjiym , BbinojiHeHHbie AonepHHMH npeA npH flTH A M H .

B COOTBeTCTBHH C CyiIeCTByiOmHM 33KOHOAaTeJIbCTBOM npeAnpH5ITHfl HMeioT npaBO co3AaBaTb AOviepHHe (b jo m MHCJie h Majiwe) npeAnpHTH5i c npaBOM iopHHMecKoro jiHia. HeK0T0pwe BHOBb co3AaBaeMwe Majiwe npeAnpMTHsi h m c io t iirapoKHe HajioroBbie jibrora. TaK, b nepBwe ABa ro- Aa paSoTu (c w raa co aha perHCTpaiHH) ocBo6oacAeHbi o t ynjiaTH Hajiora Ha npnbuib Majiue npeAnpHHTHH no npon3BOACTBy TOBapoB HapoAnoro

37

noTpe6;ieHH5i, np0H3B0flCTBy h nepepa6oTKe cejibCK0X03iHCTBeHH0H npo- flyKUiHH, CTpOHTejIbHHe H peMOHTHO-CTpOHTeJIbHbie.

TaK bot, nepejaB, hm nacTb pa6o T h y c j iy r np0H3B0ACTBeHH0ro x a p a K - T ep a , npeflnpH O TH e 6yA eT BKjiiOM3Tb hx y c j iy r a b cboh 3aTpaTbi, b p e 3 y ;ib - T aTe êro ce6ecTOHMOcrb np oA yK iH H itobhchtcsi, a o jia ra e M a a npn6buih CHH3HTCH.

3thm caMHM Bh H36eraeTe HajioroB Ha BHnojiHeHHe s th x pa6oT h ycjiyr, h n p n 3tom npeAOcraBjiHeTe B03M0;>KH0CTb yKpenHTbCH b (J)hh3hcobom OTHOineHHH AoêpHHM npeAnpHflTHAM.

MHorne (mpMH Hcnojib3yioT npHMepHO tskhm opasoM AO e^pHHe npeAnpnsiTHsi wisi nepexa^KH 6e3HajiHMHhix jeHer b HajiHMHwe.

BxjiaAbiBaMTe ACHbra b pau,H0HajiH33T0pcTB0 h H3o6peTaTejibCTBo.3 t0 BHFOAHO B CB5I3H C TeM, MTO paCXOAU, CBH3aHHHe C H3o6peTafeJIb-

ctbom h pau,H0HajiH3aT0pcTB0M, BKjiioMa pacxoAH Ha npOBeAeHHe OHHT- HO-3KcnepHMeHTajibHHx pa6oT, H3r0T0BjieHHe h HcnHTaHHe Moêjien h o6pa3u.oB no H3o6peTeHHHM h paiH0H3JiH33T0pcKHM npeA/xoaceHHjiM, no OpraHH3aiHH BbICTaBOK H CMOTpOB, KOHKypCOB H ApyrHX MeponpHHTHH no H3o6peTaTejibCTBy h pau,H0HajiH3aT0pcTBy, BHiuiaTH aBTopcKHx B03Har- paacAeHHH h Apyrne pacxoAH BKjiioMaiOTca b ce6ecTOHMOcrb npoAyKUHH.

H eK O Topbie (Jm pMH n o A bhbcckok bhctsbok h CM0Tp 0B-K 0H K yp a)B n o H3o6peTaTe;ibCTBy npoBOAflT KOMMepnecKHe bhct3bkh h M eponpm iTH si h CnHCHBaiOT 33T p 3 T H Ha Ce6eCTOHMOCTb npO A yK U H H n o 3T0H CTaTbe, y M eH b inan tcm csmhm p a sM ep o6meii n p n b m H , a 3H3^ k t h pa3Mep hsjio- roB.

2. yMeHbiuenue cyMM ncuioza 3a cnem CHiixceniiH eejiunuHbi o6jiazae- m ou npudbuiu.

Pea jiH3y MTe aKu.nn, o6jinraLHH w HHbie ieHHbie 6yMarn npeAnpu h th h.KU,HOHepHbie (J)OpMbI npeAnpHHHMaTe^bCMTBa - 3T0 OAHH H3 CaMHX

3(J)(|)eKTHBHHX CIIOCOSOB npHBJieMCHHSI CpeACTB Ha npOH3BOACTBeHHOe H cou,HanbHoe p33BHrae. KpoMe Toro, 6ajiaHC0Baa npH6buib yMeHbuiaeTca Ha cyMMy ahbha&haob, nojiyêHHHx no aKupuiM, o6jiht3u,hsim h hhhm ieHHHM 6yMaraM, npHH3AJie>K3iiHM npeAnpHflTHio.

3 r a AOXOAH (AHBHAeHAH, npOIeH TH) BHMHTaiOTCfl H3 63JI3HCOBOH npn6buiH no pa3HHM coo6p3aceHH5iM:

) ecKH aoxoah (npouenru) nojiyêHH no rocyAapcrBeHHHM ieHHHM 6yMaraM (cepTH(J)HKaTaM BaHKa Pocchh, K33H3*ieHCKHM o6H3aTe;ibCT- BaM, od/mrauHsiM), to ohh HajioroM He o6 a^raK)TC5i;

) ecjiH aoxoah (AHBHAeHAH) nojiyweHH no npHHSAJieacsmHM npeAnpHHTHio aKinaM aKiHOHepHHx o6mecTB, KOMMepwecKHx 6aHKOB h T.n., to ohh o&iaraK)TC5i HajioroM, ho no hhoh craBKe - 15%. KpoMe Toro, no ycraHOBjieHHOMy nopaAKy 3th Hajionn B3HM3iOTC5i y hctomhhks aoxo- Aa. 3 to 3H3HHT, mto, ecjiH, HanpHMep, npeAnpHHTHK) npHH3A^ iexc3T aK- Uhh AO KAM A3 h no HTor3M 1991 r. H3 hhx HaMHG/ieHH ahahachaw b p33Mepe 20 thc. py6., to 3KunoHepHoe o6mecrBo csmo yAepHB3eT H3Jior b p33Mepe 15%*, to ecTb 3 thc. py6., h npeAnpHHTHe-Aep câTe^b (co6ct- BeHHHK) 3KUHH no^yuser 17 THC. py6. Ec/IH C 3T0H CyMMH B3HCK3Tb Ha-

38

j io r , t o 3 t o npM B efleT k a b o h h o m y H a jio ro o fijio a ceH H io , c o a h o h m t o h a ce cyM M w H a jio r 6 y e T B3b icx a H aB aatA b i. B T axoM a ce n o p s iA x e ( t o ecrb, y HCTOMHHKa) B3M M aerci H a jio r h c f lo x o f la o t a o j ic b o ix ) y ^ a c T H b a e a T e j ib - HOCTH flpyTHX npeAnpHSITHH.

npoflBHTe HHHiHTHBy b OTHOiueHHHx c MecTHbiMH opraHaMM rocy- AapCTBeHHOH BjiacTH no yTBepxaetiHio HOpMaTHBOB saTpaT Ha co- AepataHwe ochobhhx HenpOH3BOACTBeHHbix (J)ohaob

C jie A y e T o 6 paTH Tb BH H M aH ne H a t o , m to HopM aTH BH 3aT paT H a c o - A ep acaH H e H a x o A fln n x c s i H a 6 a j ia H c e npeA npH iT H Ji o& bexTO B 3flpaBO O XpaHeHH H , flOMOB HHBaJIHAOB, fleTCKHX AOHIXOJIbHHXyqpeacAeHHH, nnoHepcKHx jiarepew, o6beKTOB xyjibTypb* m cnopra, yqpeacAeHHii HapoAHoro 06pa30BaHHa, a Taicace O&bexTOB acHjmmHoro (x>HAa, a cooTBeTcrBeHHo h a6cojiK>THafl cyMMa CHHaceHHs ofwiaraeMoro Aoxofla yTBepacAaeTca mccthhmh opraHaMH rocyAapcTBeHHOH BjiacTH. B 3aKOHe He ycraHOBjieHO, xaxHMH MoryT 6wTb HopMaTHB w: CpeAHeOTpaCJieBblMH (rpynnOBHMH) HJIH HHAHBHAyaJIbHbIMH* IIOCKOJIb- Ky SaKOH He HcxjnoMaer HHAHBHAyajibHux HOpMaTHBOB, npeAnpHHTHsiM CjieAyeT b 6jmacaHiuee BpeMH caMHM npeAcraBHTb b MecTHHe opraHH ro- CyAapCTBeHHOH BJiaCTH CBOH npoeKTbl HHAHBHAyaJIbHUX HOpMaTHBOB Ha coAepacaHHe yxa3aHHbix O&bexTOB.

BxjiaAbiBaHTe cpeACTBa b TexHHnecxoe nepeBOOpyaceHHe h peKOHCTpyKUHIO npeAnpHATHM.

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