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AdministratorTypewriterAUTHORITY AND POWERNOBILITY OF MORAVIAN SERBIANFROM 1365 TO 1402

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AdministratorTypewriterTHEMATIC PROCEEDINGS

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AdministratorTypewriterEDITHprof PhD Sinia Mii

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.......................................................................................7 (1389-1402) ..................................................................21 ................................................................39 .......................................................................................................51 O .............................75 .....................................................95 , ......................................................................................113 1355. 1402. .....................................................................................................137 ..................................................... 149 ........................................................ 163 , ................................................................................ 171 ...................................................................... 183

(1597) ......................................... 207 ........................................................................................................225 (1365-1369) ............................................. 245 (1365-1402) .............................................................................................. 257 14. ..................................................... 269 O 1385. : ............................................................................................... 287 XIV ....................................................... 305 , , ........................................................................................ 319 ..................................................... 343 ...................................................................................................... 363

CONTENTS Sinia Mii FROM PROVINCIAL PRINCE TO THE PRINCE OF THE SERBS RISE OF THE ROYAL POWER ......................................................................................................7 Marko uica THE RISE OF THE NOBLE POTENTATES(1389-1402) .........................................................21 Christo Matanov FACTS AND LEGENDS ABOUT TZAR IVAN SHISHMAN .................................................39 Vladimir Aleksi DISTRIBUTION OF POWER IN THE SERBIAN EMPIRE AND RISE OF PRINCE LAZAR ...................................................................................................51 Milo Ivanovi THE STRUCTURE OF NOBILITY IN THE STATE OF PRINCE LAZAR ......................................................................................... 75 Marija Koprivica THE RISE AND POWER OF THE NOBLE FAMILY MUSI ............................................... 95 Dejan Radievi, Dejan Buli CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESEARCH OF THE FUNERAL OF NOBILITY IN MORAVIAN SERBIA .................................................................................113 Milo Antonovi SERBIAN CHURCH AND THE TRANSITION OF POWER FROM 1355 TO 1402 ............................................................................................ 137 Plamen Pavlov FROM PARORIA AND TARNOVO TO PE AND RAVANICA ...................................... 149 Marija Vukovi NOBILITY OF PRINCE LAZAR IN EPIC POETRY .............................................................. 163 Aleksandra Fostikov, Vladeta Petrovi JEVGENIJA ABBESS-PRINCESS .............................................................................................. 171 Dejan Jemenica POSSESSIONS OF THE ATHONITE MONASTERY OF SAINT PANTELEIMON IN MORAVIAN SERBIA ........................................................ 183

Alexandar Nikolov SERBS AND BULGARIANSIN THE TREATISE ONTHE ORIGINS OF THE TURKISH TYRANTS OF JOHN VODNIANUS CAMPANUS (1597) ....................................................................... 207 Boris Stojkovski PRINCE LAZAR AND HUNGARY .......................................................................................... 225 Angel Nikolov THE FRANCISCAN MISSION IN VIDIN (13651369) ....................................................... 245 Katarina Mitrovi RELATION OF PRINCE LAZAR AND HIS SUCCESSORS WITH THE BALI FAMILY (1365-1402) ............................................................................. 257 Marko Aleksi NEW TYPES OF WEAPONS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT IN THE MORAVIAN SERBIA DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY ....................................................................................... 269 Boban Petrovski OTTOMAN MILITARY CAMPAIGN IN 1385: ITINERARY AND GOALS ......................................................................................................... 287 Aleksandar Uzelac SKETCHES FOR THE HISTORY OF BRANIEVO DURING THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY ............................................................................ 305 Duan Rakovi, Marko Grkovi ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCHESOF THE SITE GRAD IN UPANJEVAC, IN LEVA ................................................................................. 319 Vladan Zdravkovi FORTIFIED NOBLES LODGING IN UPANJEVAC .......................................................... 343 Neboja Djoki SOME OPINION ABOUT FEW FIGURES ON FRESCOS IN MONASTERY VELUA ........................................................................... 363

, , simisic@f.bg.ac.rs

*

: . . 1379. .

: , , , , , , , , , , 1340. .1 , 1329. , 1350. , , , . , , , 1360. 1365. . 1363. .2

* , (. . 177010). 1 , 1862, 47. : , 1989. 2 2 ,2003, 143 166 (. ) ; , 2007, 7. . , 1976, 5 21, .

8

, . , , .3 , , . . , . , .4 . . . , , , . . 1363. . . (1363) . 1365. , , . , . . . , . , . , 1365. 1371. . 1365. ,

3 , 1997. 4 , 2007, 10.

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. , , .5 , . . , . , .6 , . , : , , .7 , 1365. , . , .8 ( 1368) . . . , . , , . , , .9 . . , ,

5 , 2007, 8. 6 , 2004, 293 318. . , 2001, 90, 1196. . , ! 7 , 2004, 311. 8 , 1975, 7. 9 , 1989, 43.

10

1369. . , , .10 . , . , . 1371. . , . 1370. .11 , 1371. , , 1369. 1371. . 26. 1371. . , . . . . , . . , .12 . .13 , 1371. . , . , , , . 1371. , 1372. .

10 , 1968, 50. 11 , 1989, 46, 47. 12 , 2007, 11, 13. 13 , 1912, 451.

011

, . . . , . , . . , , . .14 , . 20. 1387. .15 , 1371. , , , . . , , 1375. , 45 , .16 1373. , . , . . , . 1373. . . , . , 1373. , , . . , . ,

14 , 1902, 59. 15 , 2006, 137 139. 16 , 2011, 225 245.

12

.17 , , 1375. . , .18 , .19 , , . , , (). . , , , , . .20 , . , .21 , . , , . , .22 . , , /, . 1379. , .

17 , 1989, 47 61. 18 , 1986, 167. 19 , 2008, 27, 28. 20 , 2003, 180. 21 , 1986, 88. 22 , 1868, 274.

013

. , 1377. . (1378) . , . , . . .23 1378. . 1380/81. .24 , 1379. . , , (, , , , , , , ). , , ( ) . , .25 . , , . 1371 1379. 1375/76. , .26 , . , 1379/80. , . , , .27 1375. 1379.

23 , 2007, 15, 16. 24 , 2003, 158, 160. 25 , 1975, 14, 15 ; , 1975, 45 62. 26 , 2003, 18, 19. 27 , 131.

14

XIX

015

. , , . .28 , , . . , .29 1378. , , 1380/81. . , , , .30 .31 ( 1380) , .32 , 1378/9. . . 1380. , . , , . ? . 1378. 1379. . , , .33 , .

28 , 1975, 49 ; , 1975, 15. 29 , 2003, 149, 165 ; , 1975, 24 26. 30 , 2003, 165. 31 , 165. 32 , 141. 33 , 2008, 28.

16

.34 . (1392/1398) ,35 . .36 .37 1384. 1387, 1385. , , , .38 , , . , , , , 1387. . .39 .40 II , .41 1421. . . . , . .42

34 , 1989, 58. 35 , 1867. 36 , 1975, 52. 37 , 1975, 65 75. 38 , 69, 75. , 2012, 333 354. 39 , 2003, 192. 40 , 2004, 315 333. 41 , 2004, 330. . , 1975, 58. 42 , 1912, 459.

017

.43 1388. , .44 1386. .45 , , . , , . . , .46 () . , . 1365. , . 1378/9. : . . , . 1379. . , , , . 1379. . . , 1377. . ! . , , . .

43 , 1902, 55 (. 170). 44 , 2003, 203, 204. 45 , 1975, 60. 46 , 2004, 311.

18

, 1986 , , . , 11, 1986.

, 1868 , . , (1868).

, 1968 , , . , 1968.

, 1986 , , XIV , . . , 1986.

, 2003 . , , 2003.

, 1912 . , , 1912.

, 1862 . , II, 1862. 2, 2003 . ,

, 2 (2003) 143 167.

, 2006 . , I 1, 2006 ().

, 1902 . , - I, 1902.

, 1975 . , ,

, 1975, 65 79. , 1975 . , ,

, 1975, 45 62. , 2008 . ,

, CDX, 14 (2008) 1 40.

, 2007 . , , , , , 2007, 5 18.

019

, 2004 . , , 41 (2004) 293 318.

, 2004 . , , 2004.

, 1997 . , - , 1997.

, 1989 . , -, , 1989, 47 61.

, 2001 . , , 2001.

, 1989 . , , , , , 1989.

, 1976 . , , 24 (1976) 5 21. , 1975 . ,

, , 1975, 1 11. , 1975 . ,

, , 1975, 13 42.

, 2012 . , , 49 (2012) 333 354.

, 2011 . , - , - , 2011, 225 245.

20

Sinia Mii

FROM PROVINCIAL PRINCE TO THE PRINCE OF THE SERBS RISE OF THE ROYAL POWER

Lazar Hrebeljanovi entered the historical stage as a nobleman who

obtained the service, as well as the title of stavilac (literally placer, equal to the Byzantine domestikos), at the court of emperor Uro. In this period (from 1350 to 1365) he used his family and other ties in order to strengthen his position. He became related with the Nemanji dynasty via his, as well as his sisters marriage. Material background of his political ambitions lied in his patrimony (batina), concentrated around Novo Brdo (Novomonte). When, in 1365, Vukain and Ugljea Mrnjavevi gained the upper hand in the struggle for influence over the incompetent emperor, Lazar left the court; back then, he was provincial (zemaljski) and great prince. He received an administration over Rasina, Toplica and Ibar districts, where also lied the possessions of his cousins elnik (head) Musa and Altoman Ivanievi. Before the demise of brothers Mrnjavevi, Lazar had to take into account the interests of king Vukain who held Novo Brdo and therefore presented a potential threat to his patrimony. After the battle of Marica (1371), Lazar united his administrative and hereditary lands, thus profiting most from the passing of brothers Mrnjavevi. At the same time, he also occupied territories in Kosovo. From that point, his struggle for supreme power begun; it lasted until he managed to take over Metohia (together with Vuk Brankovi) and Branievo, in 1379. This is the moment when Lazar started to act as a ruler of the Serbs and autokrator (samodrac). In that, he enjoyed the support of Serbian Orthodox Church and particularly patriarch Spiridon.

eywords: court, stavilac (placer), provincial prince, Serbs, vlastela, power, Lazar, local rulers

, , , 18 20, msuica@f.bg.ac.rs

(1389-1402)1

pstract: The paper deals with the changes that have affected the nobility

and central governance during the last decade of the 14th century, in the region ruled by Lazarevic dynasty. The distinctive phenomenon is set as a comparative historical model, with the exploratory focus on one of its components. The disruption of medieval state hierarchy and violation of vassal oath are observed within the framework of foreign setting and internal political events and processes that led to the strengthening or weakening of certain noblemen in considered political scope and timeframe.

Key words: The State of Lazarevic dynasty, Prince Stephen Lazarevic, duke, Vuk Brankovi, nobility, vassalage, Ottomans , , , . 1372. , , , 14. , , , . , , , . 1 , : ( .. 177025)

22 , , , , .2 , 14. , , .3 , . , 14. , , . 14. . (1402.) , , . 15. , , .4 , , , .5

, , , . 14. , , - - .6 1389. , .7 .

2 2004, 28. 3 M 2001, 19-20; , 2005, 156, 171-177. 4 1997, 290-295; 2006, 235-238, 243-244. 5 1972, 143,153; 2000, 149-161. 6 2007, 43-48. 7 2004, 10-12.

(1389-1402) 23 , , , . , , , , . , , 1389. .

, , , . , . , , - , :

) / ) ) / /

) - ,

, . , .8 1389. 1402. , . .

. , , 14. .

8 . , .

24 , , 1398. . 1398. 1402. , . , . , , , , , , , .

***

, . - , . , , .9 , 1392. .10 , .11 , .

14. . , :

,

9 2004, 357; 2007, 41-42. 10 2000, 133, 135-136. 11 1986, 16-17; , 2006, 233-234.

(1389-1402) 25 , . , , : , , , , , , .12 1389. , . 1389. .13 , , , .14 , , , . , , , .15 , , , . . . , .16 , . ,

12 2000, 89-119; 2004, 10, . 7. 13 2009, 28-30. 14 1936, 61; 2007, 42-43. 15 2004, 111-114; 2007, 155-163; 163-175. 16 1997, 7-22.

26 .17 , , , .18 , , , , , .

, , - .19 . . , . , , , , . , , 14. .20 . .21

17 2007, 164, 170; , 1402. . 2004, 365, . 34. 18 2005, 22-23. 19 - . . 1976, 99-106; 2000, 110-113, 164-165. . 20 2004, 107-116. 21 2007, 295-296.

(1389-1402) 27

. , , , , .22 , , , . , , , . , , . , , 1388. .23 , . , 14. , , . , 1398. , , , .24 - , .25 , , , . , , . , , - ,

22 2004, 23. 23 2003, 201-215. 24 1986, 16-17; , 2000, 112-113. 25 1975, 234, 236-240; 2007, 40-47; 2009, 28-41

28 .26 , , . , , 1402. . , , , , . ( ), , . , . . , , .27

, , . , ( 1389),28 , .29 , , , , , I.30 . 1390/1,31 1395. 32

26 . 27 2000, 133-137. 28 1976, 120-121. 29 1962, 37. 30 1936, 61-62; 1979, 16, 31. 31 2012, 388-395. 32 1936, 67-68; 1979, 38.

(1389-1402) 29 I.

***

14. . . ,

30 ( 1397.).33 . , , . , , .34 , , .35 , , , , , , .36 . , . , ,37 1398. , .38 , . . , , , , . , . ,

33 1978, 162-163 34 1959, 100-116; 1995,16, 19- 20 . 35 2000, 103-106. 36 - 2009,46. 37 1997, 513; - 2009, 56. 38 2003, 567.

(1389-1402) 31 . I .

. , , , , .39 1396. 1397. ,40 .41 , , , , . .42 , , 1397. , , , , .43 1397. , , .44 , .45 , 1398. , , .46

, . 39 , 2009, 114-116. 40 2002, 128. 41 1936, 64-66; 1979, 46-47, 50-54. 42 2011, 123-125. 43 2011, 37-39, 45. 44 2011, 123-125. 45 2007, 23-25. 46 1936, 68; 1979, 46.

32 , , . . .47 , . , 14. . , I, . 14. . , .

***

1398. 1402. . . , , , , , . , , , , . , . , . ,

47 1912, 517-520; 2007, 293-347. .

(1389-1402) 33 , . : , , . .48 , , .49 , , , , , , , .

. , 1398. , , , , , .50 , , , , , .51 , , .52

1389. , , , , , , , . 14.

48 1936, 66. 49 2001/2002, 228-229. 50 2004, 16-18. 51 1923, 21, . 6107; 1979, 21. 52 1936, 68.

34 , . , , , . , , , , , I. , , . . , , . , , , 1402. , . , .

, , .

(1389-1402) 35

1972 - . , , : (.) , , , , 143-157. 1997 - . , , 1997. 2001/2002 - . , - , 39 (2001/2002), 225-235. 2004 . , , , , 355-391. 2005- . , , 71-72 2005,7-29. 2009 . , , 79-80 , 7-42. 1975 ., , : , -, (.) , 1975, 223-240. 2006, . , , , 2006. 1978 . , , , 1978, 148-177. 2003 - . , , , 455-669. 1997 - . , . , , , , 1997, 513-531. 1936 - XV XVII , . . , 1936 1986 - . , , 33 (1986) 5-37. 1976 . , . , 1-2 (1976) 99-105. 2001 . , , I, 2001. 2003 . , , 2003. 2007 . , , 2007. 1912 . , , 1912.

36 2009 . , . , - , LVII (2009) 43-62. 1976 - . , , 1976. 1979 . , , 1979. 1962 . , -, 1962. 2002 . , . , . , . , , 2002. 1923 - . , IV, . 6107, 1923. 1959 . , - 1402, 1-2 (1959) 93-121. 1995 . , , 1-2 (1995) 13-23. 2005 . , . , , 2005. 1997 - . , 1398. , 1-2 (1997) 7-25. 2000 . , , 2000. 2004 . , (1389-1402), XI 1 (2004) 7-31. 2004 . , , 3 (2004) 107-123. 2007 . , XIV - - , : (.) , , , , 2007, 35-51. 2009 . , , 58 (2009) 109-125. 2010 . , 1387. , 9 (2010) 217-232. 2011 : - (1389-1402), 2 XVIII (2011) 29-51. 2011 . , , 10 (2011) 123-128. 2012 . , 1390, II , . 42/2, 2012, 385-396.

(1389-1402) 37

Marko uica

THE RISE OF THE NOBLE POTENTATES (1389-1402)

During the nineties of the 14th century, after the death of prince Lazar, the Serbian aristocracy of Lazarevic principality, experienced the accelerated transition of power and influence, including the transformation of state hierarchy structure. Analyzing one specific feature of the constructed comparative model of the Serbian nobility structure, within the outlined chronological and political framework, led to conclusion that the last decade of the century was extremely turbulent and burdened with different breakups of vassal relationships between the powerful noblemen and central governance in the Lazarevic principality. At first stage, which followed nearly after the Kosovo battle in 1389, the feudal property and counties of aristocracy that perished in the battle became the prey of dignitaries who survived the battle and started local skirmishes disrespecting the central state authority. Within the short period of time they extended the properties at the expense of other nobles, or monasteries. When Prince Stephen Lazarevic reached the maturity, he tried to consolidate the state and suppress disintegrative processes concerning the status and behavior of vassal noblemen. The concentration of power in this period was highlighted by a military aristocracy - the dukes. That was obvious between 1396 and 1398, when Stephenss empowered warlords made complot against Serbian prince in order to replace the subordination to him with the direct subordination to Ottoman sovereign. The strengthening of dignitaries during this decade was in proportion to the degree of exterior vulnerability of state, because they were to the large extent engaged in defense of border regions. Taking prompt and fierce action against rebellious lords, Prince Stephen Lazarevic took the risk and set the foundation for the future reform that supported those noble subjects who showed unconditional loyalty to prince necessary to maintain the inner stability of the country. As a consequence, the evolution of Lazarevic nobility entered the last stage before Stephen gained the title of despot after the battle of Ankara (1402). In this period some high ranked noblemen took monastic vow in order to avoid hard vassal conditions and responsibilities to the Ottoman overlord. The role of the reorganized nobility within the new state framework including the administrative and military structure, in the first half of 15th century, proved to be the most important factor in the states stability and despot Stephen's power. Key words: The State of Lazarevic dynasty, Prince Stephen Lazarevic, duke, Vuk Brankovi, nobility, vassalage, Ottomans

38

1915.

- . chrmatanov@yahoo.de

Abstract: This paper deals with some controversial fact on the political biography of Tzar Ivan Shishman (1371-1395), the last ruler of Medieval Bulgaria or more correctly of the so called Tarnovo Tzardom. These are: his resistance against the Ottoman Turks in 1371-1378, the edition of the so called Rila Chart (1378), the date of his death (June 3rd,1395 or Oct. 29th, 1395). Some comments are made on the problem of the legends about him concentrated along the Valley of Iskar River and parts of today North-Central Bulgaria.

: , , , , , , I, , , , 14 . , . , . , , . . -, . , ..., , 1. , - - . 14 . , , 1 Zakythinos 1971, 8.

40 .. .2 14 . , . , (1371-1395 .) . , : . . . - , -. , , , , , . , , . : . - .3 , 14 . . , , , . , , .4 . 1350 . . - . 1354-1355 . . . . 5

2 1982, 334-379. 3 2000, 31 . 4 1985, 44; 1994, 159-163.

41

- . , .. . , . , , .5 17 . 1371 . . , (1359-1360 .) . , , . , . . 17 1371 . . .6 , , . , (1366-1376 .), , . : , , .7 , 1378 ., , . - . , , ? , . , ,

5 1985, 44, 224. 6 1965, 142-143. 7 Cox 1967, 204-239.

42 . , , , , : . . . , . . 70- 14 .8 . 1376 . ( ), . , . , . , .. , 70- 14 . . , -, . , . , , .. 1378 . , .. . , . , . .9 , . , . : (, ), . , . .

8 / 1988, . 65-66. 9 1970, 597-600

43

.10 , . 70- 14 .11 . 1378 . , , . , 70- 80- 14 . , . . . , , IV, - , .12 70- 14 . , . , .13 , - 80- . : . , . , . , . , -

10 1995, 69. 11 - , 12 Matanov/ Zaimova 1985, 45-48. 13 Chalc. 1922, 53; 1927, 200-213.

44 , . , .14 , , 1388 . , , , - . , . , , . . - 1388 . , 17 1393 . , . , , 80- 90- 14 .15 . , , . , I - 1395 . , , , 17 1395 .16 . . , .17 , 1417 . 3 1395 .18 ,

14 , 1928, 66-68. 15 1944, 162-164. 16 1981, 127 . 17 1985, 228. 18 1944, 268-271.

45

, 1395.19 ( 91 ), - 29 1395 .20 . 3 1395 ., . - , 1395 . - 29 1395 . . , - , , . , . 30- . 15 . . , , . , , , 29 1395 . . , : .21 .22 , : , . , , . , , . , . , , . , , , .

19 1971, 34. 20 Schreiner 1975, 623. 21 1985, 53, 241-242. 22 1985, 165-178; 1983, 21 .

46 23 . , , , . . , . . - , - 19 . , . . . -. . , , , . , 70- 14 ., : . , , , , , , - . , , . , , , , , . , . , . , . , . , , . 1388 . , , (. )

23 Mihalji 1989, 117 sq.

47

. , , . . , . , , , , . , , . , : , , , , , .

1944 , ., ,

2, , 1944. 1970 , ., -

, , 1970. 1927 . . .

jh, , 1927.

1971 , ., . . , , , 1971.

Chalc. 1922 Laonici Chalcocandylae historiarum demonstra-ciones. Ed. E. Darko, Budapestini, 1922.

Schreiner 1975 Schreiner, P., Die Byzantinischen Kleinchro-niken. 1 Teil. Einleitung und Text, Wien, 1975.

48

1985 , ., - .- In: , , 1985.

1985 , ., (1186-1460). , , 1985.

1981 -. I, . . . -, , 1981.

2000 , ., (1300-1481), , 2000.

1982 . . III. , , 1982.

1994 . - . , ., , ., , ., , 1994.

1995 , , XIV ., , 1995.

/ 1988 , ., , , . , , , 1988.

1983 , ., , - . , 5, 1983.

1928 , ., . , 7-8, 1928.

1965 , ., - , , 1965.

Cox 1967 Cox, E.L., The Green Count of Savoy. Amedeus VI and Transalpine Savoy in the 14th C. , Princeton, 1967.

Matanov/Zaimova 1985 Matanov, Hr., Zaimova, Raya, West and Post-byzantine Source Evidence about Kralji Marko (King Marko). Etudes Balkaniques, 2, 1985.

49

Mihalji 1989 Mihalji, R., Lazar Hrebeljanovi. Istorija kult predanje, Beograd 1989.

Zakythinos 1971 Zakythinos, D., Etats-Societes-Cultures. En guise dintroduction. In: Art et Societe a Byzance sous les Paleologue, Venice, 1971.

Christo Matanov

FACTS AND LEGENDS ABOUT TZAR IVAN SHISHMAN

The facts on the life and career of the Bulgarian Tzar Ivan Shishman (1371-1395) are established as far as the scarcity of historical sources allow. He is the first son of the second marriage of Tzar Ivan Alexander (1331-1371) and was proclaimed young Tzar before 1355. His attitude towards the Ottoman Turks and his resistance against them is an object of discussion among the Bulgarian historians. The author argues that in 1371-1377/78 both sources and legends (the latter are concentrated along the Iskar valley) speak in favor of everyday resistance without a major battle. There are little known sources revealing that in the 1380-ies the Tzar together with Kralj Marko took part in Byzantine power strife in which the Bulgarian ruler had the ambition to defend the rule of his relative Andronicus IV. The author puts forth the view that the death of Tzar Ivan Shishman came months after the fall of Nicopolis under the Ottomans on Oct. the 29, 1395. The exact date is given by the Byzantine short chronicle No. 91. The general conclusion of the author is that Tzar Ivan Shishman offered a resistance and was one of the most disobedient Ottoman vassals on the Balkans.

Keywords: Tarnovo Bulgaria, Tsar Ivan Shishman, Iskar River, Sofia field, vassalage, Nikopol, Sultan Bayasid I, Tsar Ivan Sracimir, Vidin Tsardom, Ottoman conquest

50

1911.

, , vladimir.aleksic@filfak.ni.ac.rs.

*

: . . , , , . .

: , , , ,

,

. , , . , . , , .

. , , . ,

* , (. . 177010).

52 .1 , , , .2 XIII . .3 , . , .4

. , 14 .5 , , 1333. .6 , , . VI 1354. . .7 . , . , ?

. XIV . . , , . , (1276-1314), (1282-1316), (1307-1316) 1331. . 1 2004, 1-19. 2 2011, 19-25. 3 . 1996, 48-54. 4 , 395, . 1118 (). : 1951, 79-86. 5 2008, 15-17. 6 2010, 43-46; 20012, 211 . 32. 7 1995, 178-179; 2011, 37-59, 50, 52-54; 1995, 171-172.

53 , .8 .9 , . . . , .10 , : [...] .11 1355. . , - , .12

, , , . .13 . , .14 , (). , ,

8 2004, 155-173; 20012, 42-43. 9 1994, 149-164, . . 1973, 103-154. 10 2004, 166; 1995, 172. 11 1956-1957, 208. 12 . 1983, 60-67; 1995, 178 . 10. . 1970, 256-257. . 1966, 95-118. . . 2004, 257-269. 13 1981, 159 . 88; 1997, 41-43; 20012, 69 . 33; 2009, 15. : 2001-2002, 225-236. 14 . . 1994, 76, 89-93; Kora 1989, 185-216.

54 . 1365. . , .15 .

.16 , . , , .17

, 1342. . , , . , , , , , . . 1333. . . . , . . , , .18 1352. . , , . , .19 , , .20

( )

15 20012, 212-213, 228, 237-239; 1994, 73, 74. 16 2000, 71-83; 2010, 73-85. 17 2010, 73-85. 18 , 411 . 162 (); 20012, 41, . 21, 46-47, 48, 52-53; 2004, 42-44. 19 , 66, 70; , 70. 20 .

55

1897. . 1357. . , . , . .21 . 1360. . . 1373. . .22 , .23

, , , . 1342.

21 2010, 75-77. 22 2012, 41, 48; , 49. 23 20012, 53.

56 , . 1346-1347. .24 , , . 1374. . . . 1377. . , . - 1346-1347. . . .25 . 1379. . , .26 , , .27 , , , , , , .28 , , .29

, . . , .30 , ,

24 1999-2000, 373-384 25 , 80-81. . 1994, 4, 22, 29, 55, 60,78, 89, 93, 151-152, 272. 26 , 454. 27 1998, 37, 133, 142. 28 . 24 . - - 19912, 69-71; 1997, 101-105. 29 . . 30 , 81. . . 1981, 127.

57 . . .31

, , 1365. ., . , . , 1319. . () .32 III [...] .

: ( . .) , .33 . , , . .34 III [...] , , [...] . , . [...] , , , . [...]. , : , , .35 III , . .

XV . .

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58

.36

36 1967, 171-174; 19992, 375-376, 654, 461.

59 .37 . 1365. . . . .38 .39 .

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. , , . . 1359. . ,

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61 , . , , .51 .52 , , , . [...] [...].53

. , , .54 XV . , , plemena po c Nikoli~ina, po materi `e Rastislala. , . Junac de Manolo 1323. . .55 , .56 , , , .

, , , . , , ,

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, , . , . , 1363. ., .59 . , , . , .60 , , . , , , , .

, . II , . , . .

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, , . , . .66 . .67 1402. . , , 1400. . .

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64 . .68

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, , .77 . : [...] , .78 , , : [...] [...] .79

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, 2002, 342-350. 2006: , . (XII-XV

), , 2006, 11-18.

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: . , , , 19752.

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, . , . 336, 8, 1960.

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, . -, 29. 30. 2007. , 2007, 35-51.

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74

1371. . . , . , , . . , . , . , . . . XIV . .

Keywords: state, land, terminology of kinship, nobility, Prince Lazar, state administration

-, , misaveritatem@gmail.com

O

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94

Milo Ivanovi

THE STRUCTURE OF NOBILITY IN THE STATE OF PRINCE LAZAR Research of the structure of the noble class in the state of Prince Lazar was

an unrewarding task for us, due to the scarcity of the sources at our disposal. Hence, all results in the field are presented cautiously, without desire to proclaim them final. Our primary objective was to determine the origin of the nobility in the princes domains. For a number of prominent noblemen we have either reliable data, or at least well-founded indications that their status and power was due to their distinguished ancestors. For Nikola Zoji and Novak Belocrkvi, the fact that they are recorded with family names is the indicator by itself. Dorotheus, founder of Drena monastery, might have had a title of despot in his secular life. Princes nephew Ivani was the grandson of the namesake despot. Father of Crep Vukoslavi received wasteland of Petrus from the emperor Stephen Duan, while Obrad Dragoslali gave the possessions held by his grandfather to his foundation. A certain exception is the case of Musa, the princes brother-in-law, whose origin remain mysterious to us, but still, he can hardly be regarded as an upstart. Insufficiently well-known are the personalities of Ugljea Desislali and Deto, whose possessions were situated in the borderlands of prince Lazars state. Given that they endowed the temples previously built, it is possible that they inherited influence from their parents. Much less information is available with respect to nobility tied to prince Lazar by their service. Among them, only logothete Nenada, as far as it is known, was of a very reputable origin. That's why we put forward the assumption that their rise was a consequence of their close ties with the ruler, as their ancestors did not stand high in the hierarchy. The least known to us is the lower class of princes nobility, small landowners and pronoiars, in whose ranks were accepted even those with a modest background. One might expect that due to the Ottoman threat at the time, the number of pronoias increased, but this is only a speculation. Eventually, prince Lazar's son, despot Stephen, managed to break the power of the old prominent nobility, while at the same time he elevated to the higher status the people of lower origin.

Keywords: nobility, Prince Lazar, patrimony, founder, origin, relative, court

, marijakoprivica81@gmail.com

*

: . , 14. . . .

: , , , , ,

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*

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112

Marija Koprivica

THE RISE AND POWER OF THE NOBLE FAMILY MUSI

The noble family Musi began its rise with the founder of the family elnik Musa, during the rule of Tsar Duan, from whom he obtained the rulership over the town of Zvean. In the year 1363. a property changeover was carried out so that Musa got the town of Brvenik with its zhupa, while he gave Zvean to a much more powerfull count Voislav Voinovi. After the fall of the Serbian Empire, the Musies managed to bring the mines in Kopaonik basin under their control. The property of this family was located in the valley of Lab river. It is known that the founder Musa was married to Dragana, prince Lazars sister. The relationship of the two noble families, at the time of concluding this marriage, was more useful to Lazars family and had an aim of bringing Lazar up in the hierarchy of Serbian nobility. Musies aknowledged prince Lazar for their senior only after 1371.

Brothers Musi got killed in the Kosovo Battle, together with their uncle. The brothers were burried in their faundation the monastery of Nova Pavlica. The only heir of this family, underage Stefan, most probably the son of Lazar, was deprived of his authority after 1392.

Keywords: Musi family, nobility, elnik Musa, Stephen Musi, prince Lazar, Nova Pavlica

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