2

J15 J

W WW

1K K 2K K WW

1K KK 2K K 3K KK 4K KK 5K K 6K 7K

K 8K K 9K K

10K 11K

K 12K K 13K K 14K K

15K K 16K K

W8K

J16 J

W 1 cm38 cm3

KKW

{W

( kg )

K W

W 1 cm3

K

W

W

W

J17 J

W

Z

W

F2-1EK

mWkg K VWm3K Wkg / m3K

kg / m3W

kg/m3 kg/m3 1.2 920

1.98 2700 1000 8890

1025 7860 790 19300 1260 10500 13600 500 - 1000

F2-1E

Vm

=

J18 J

F2-1EW 0.5 m31350 kgK

W

3m / kg 2700 = 5 . 0

1350 =

Vm

=

W K

F2-1EK

F2-1E

J19 J

W 1 J K 2 J K 3 J K

W

KKKKKKKKKKKKKK

K( N )K

W K

J20 J

FWE

W

WKW

W Z

W

F2-2EKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

WW( N )K gWZ9.8 m/s2 K mW( kg )K

K

FEK

WK

gm =W

J21 J

F2-2EW 50 kg K

W

N 490 = 8.9 50 =W g m =W s / m 8 . 9 = g

kg 50 = m2

W

K ( 2-2)

K

( 2-2) W

1W 1WK 2W 2WW

J22 J

W 1 J W W

K 2 J W

WK 3 J W

WK

W

KWK

( 2-2)L1LFK

( 2-3)FLK

( 2-3)

WK

J23 J

W F1E FE

FEW

F2E FE

F E K

W

W Z

( 2-3 )

FWNK kWN / mK

LWmK

W K

Lk = F

J24 J

( 2-3)W 9.8 N

980 N/mK W

m 01 . 0 = 980

8 . 9 = L

mF

= L m/ N 980 =k , N 8 . 9 = F

( 2-4 )W 400 g0.3 cmK

W

m / N 66 . 1306 = 003 . 092 . 3

=k

L F

=k

N 92 . 3 = 8 . 9 4 . 0 = F g m = F

kg 4 . 0 = 1000400

= g 400 = m

m 003 . 0 = 100

3 . 0 = cm 3 . 0 = L

J25 J

W

K FEFEFE

FEW

W

K( 2-4 )

K

FKE

F2 J4E

( 2-4 )

K

J26 J

FE

K

FE( 2-4 )K

W 1 JFE0c

100c K 2 JF32F212K

W .. ( 2-4 )

Tc WFcE

TFWFFE K 3 J

SIKKW273 K373 K WFKE

W (2-5 )

TW( K )K TcWFcKE

( ) ( ) 40 + T 5 = 40 + T 9 Fc

273 + T = T c

J27 J

W

. ( 2-6 ) F2 J5EW

30cK

( ) ( )( ) ( )

F86 = 5

200 - 630 = T

630 = 200 + T 540 + 30 9 = 40 + T 540 + T 9 = 40 + T 5

c30 = T

F

F

F

cF

c

( 2-6 )W 61F

( ) ( )( ) ( )

c11 . 16 = 9

360 - 505 = T

505 = 360 + T940 + 61 5 = 40 + T 940 + T 5 = 40 + T 9

F61 = T

c

c

c

Fc

F

100273 - T

= 180

32 - TF

J28 J

( 2-7 )W 25c K

W

K298 = T273 + 25 = T273 + T = T

c25 = T

c

c

W

K K

( 2-5 )

W 1 J L1K 2 J K 3 J K

F2 J5E ( 2-5 )

J29 J

W

1 J W KKKK

2 J W KKKK

3 JW KKKK

W

( 2-2 )W

1c K

J30 J

( 1/c )

( 1/c ) ( 1/c )

10-5C1.7 10-5C5.1 10-5C2.4 10-5C7.2

10-5C2.9 10-5C8.7 10-5C1.2 10-5C3.6 10-5C1.1 10-5C3.3 10-5C1.4 10-5C4.2 10-5C1.9 10-5C5.7 10-6C8.9 10-6C26.7

10-6C9 10-6C27 10-6C3.2 10-6C9.6

( 2-2 )K

L1T1c

T2cL2L1 L2W

( )12112 T - T L = L - L L1 L2T2-T1WLT

W . ( 2-7 )

T L = L 1

J31 J

( 2-8 )W

20 m25c100c 10-5 /c C 1.7K

W

( )m0255 . 0 = L

25 - 100 10 7 . 1 20 = L T L = L

c / 10 7 . 1 = c25 = T

c100 = T

5-1

5-

1

2

W

V1T1cT2c V2 - V1V2

W

.. ( 2-8 )

V V1 V2K ( 1/c ) K ( 2-9 )W

1500 cm325c85c c10-5 /C7.2 K

W

T V = V 1

J32 J

( )3

5-1

5-

2

1

31

cm48 . 6 = V25 - 85 10 2 . 7 1500 = V

T V = Vc / 10 2 . 7 =

c85 = T

c25 = T

cm 1500 = V

W

KW

1 J K

2 J K

3 J K

4 J K

5 J F E

FEK

J33 J

F1EW 1 J W JK JK JK 2 J W JK JK JK 3 J W

JK JK JK

F2EFEFEW 1 J K 2 J ZK 3 J K 4 J K

F3E210 g0.6 g/cm3W 1 J NK 2 J K

F4E0.177 m3g/cm3 1400 kgK

F5E750 g9.8 m/s2 1.6 m/s2 W JK JK JK JK

JK

J34 J

F6E0.009 N 3 cm

W JK J0.08 NK

F7EK c10-5/ C1.7K

F8EFEW JK JK J

K F9EW

FEW 1 JK 2 JK 3 JK

F2EW JK JK JK

F3E32FW JK JK JK

F10E95F

K

J35 J

F11E42c

K F12E10 m100 cm3W

JK JK 20c120cW c10-5 /C1.2 = c10-5 /C3.6 =

F13E250 m40c 10c c10-5 /C1.7 =K