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,

- 5 ( 220301)

2011

2

2011/2012 ..

: .. ;

.. ;

..

.

5 20.01.2011. .

: .., ..-..,

3

............................................................................................................... 4

1. ................................. 6 2. WiMax LTE TD/FDD................................... 8 2.1. ...................................................................................... 8 2.2. .......................................................................... 9 2.3. ................................................................ 9 2.4. ......................................................................... 11

2.5. ............................ 11 2.6. ......................................... 12 2.7. ......... 13

2.8. .................................................. 14 2.9. MIMO............................................................................................... 15 2.10. ............................................................................. 18 2.11. ......................................................................................... 22

3. LTE HSPA+........................................................... 24 3.1. ................................................................................................... 24 3.2. ................................................................................................. 27 3.3. VoIP................................................... 29 ......................................................................................................... 31

...................................................................... 43 ............................................................................................ 44

4

.

, ,

, ,

- .

,

, ,

.

, ,

OFDM-MIMO IP, 4- , ITU, IMT-

advanced (. 1).

.1

CCDDMMAA

TTDDMMAA

CDMA 1X

4G IMT-

Advanced

GERAN Evolution

WiMAX 16d WiMAX 16e

TD-SCDMA

W-CDMA / HSPA

LTE R8/R9 FDD/TDD

HSPA+

EVDO Rev A/B

GSM/EDGE

LTE R10

UMB

TD-SCDMA evolution

WiMAX 16m

5

LTE,

3GPP. , WiMax - -,

IMT-2000, : LTE IEEE 802.16m.

,

,

LTE, WiMax HSPA+, .

6

1. ()

,

,

() . ,

, .

(. 2) : (WPAN Wireless Personal Area

Networks) ( - Bluetooth); (WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks)

( Wi-Fi); (WMAN Wireless Metropolitan

Area Networks) ( WiMAX). :

-;

-.

:

() , ;

,

.

(. 3).

7

. 2.

. 3.

8

2. WiMax LTE TD/FDD 2.1. WiMax LTE

MIMO-OFDM. TD-LTE 8

, 2 (2,3 2,6 ) WiMax. , 10 3GPP 3,5 , WiMax. ,

, TD-LTE

.

. 1 TD-LTE 3GPP

,

33 1900 - 1920 TDD 2.1 UMTS TDD

34 2010 - 2025 TDD 2.1 TDD / UMTS TDD

35 1850 - 1910 36 1930 - 1990

37 1910 - 1930 FDD- PCS

38 2570 - 2620 FDD- IMT Extension

WiMAX 2.5 . . FDD

39 1880 - 1920 TDD 40 2300 2400 / WiMAX 2.3

41 3400-3600 Rel 10. FDD 20 (3410-3500 / 3510-3600)

9

2.2. LTE WiMax

OFDMA

(OFDM). LTE OFDM,

-

. -

, , , .

SC-FDMA . SC-FDMA -, ,

.

2.3.

MIMO WiMax , OFDM; PUSC (Partial Usage of Subcarriers). (. .4), : 1 = 24 + 4 - ( - 14,2 %); 1 = 16 + 8 - ( - 33,3 %).

. 4. WiMax

LTE 12

1 , . . 5. 1 = 12 x 14

1 2 3

10

OFDM = 168 . , , 180 , , -

. MIMO 2x2 16 168 ( 9,5 %). 168 . 36 ( 21,4%). , - LTE 1,5 , WiMax.

. 5. LTE

t

f

OFDM

1

15

RB

-

(RB) - , LTE 12 x 14 OFDM = =180 x 1

- - -

(10)

180

11

2.4. WiMax

frequency diversity scheduling, , , .

-

.

LTE -

: - frequency

selective scheduling. UE (User Equipment) CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), . .6. , CQI, , , /.

.

. 6. - LTE 2.5. HARQ

(Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest), . . 7. LTE ( WiMax, , , LTE ) 10 , 30 WiMax.

12

34

56

78

9

UE 1

UE 2UE 3 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CQI

RB

UE 1UE 2UE 3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

RB

CQI

12

,

: Chase combining - WiMax Incremental redundancy - LTE. Chase combining - ,

Incremental redundancy ,

-.

.

. 7. HARQ 2.6.

MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme). QPSK/16QAM/64QAM .

LTE 29 MCS, ,

.

UE

Chase combining

H-ARQ ACK

H-ARQ Re-Tx

H-ARQ NACK

ACK

Incremental redundancy

H-ARQ ACK

H-ARQ Re-Tx

H-ARQ NACK

UE

WiMax:

LTE:

13

/ 1-2 . - , 1. WiMax

MCS ,

2-3 .

2.7.

.

,

/,

. WiMax.

LTE

FPC (Fractional Power Control). /

: UE ,

/ . , UE /, MCS, , . , , UE

, 1.

, LTE

.

OI (Overload Indicator), , .

OI .

14

OI: - ,

UE,

, . . 8.

. 8

2.8. WiMax 3

.

3 , . . 9. 3.

LTE

1, .. .

,

- , ,

. . 9, , .

( ).

( ). , .

UE, ,

UE ( ).

OI

X2: OI

15

. 9 WiMax LTE

2.9. MIMO MIMO

,

,

,

.

LTE, MIMO CL-MIMO (Close Loop MIMO). ,

PMI (Precoding Matrix

WiMax: 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

15

5 5 5

F1 F2 F3

15

5 MHz

5 M 5

LTE: 1

16

Indicator) . MIMO WiMa .

,

MIMO. WiMa , LTE . ,

,

.

MIMO.

,

MIMO: MIMO ,

/ .

SIC (Successive Interference Cancellation). , WiMax, .

. 10. MIMO WiMax LTE

.

LTE: MIMO , ,

V MIMO

H H H

RI HVUH =

UH #

PMI CQI

-

WiMax: MIMO ,

H H

Rx

-

17

. 2 Wimax 16e LTE Rel.8 LTE WiMax

-

OFDMA DL,

SC-FDMA UL

OFDMA DL

UL

SC-FDMA: -, ,

-

-

/

-

HARQ Incremental redundancy

Chase combining

Incremental redundancy

10 30 LTE

(1-2 )

- (2-3)

- -

-

-

-

- 1

- 3

,

MIMO

CL-MIMO, - -

MIMO , - -

, MIMO c , SIC

18

2.10.

, .11:

, .

. 3.

. 11

. 3

LTE WiMax

3GPP Release 8 IEEE 802.16e TDD TDD 2.3 2.3 TDD, DL/UL 1:1 3:2 15 15 1 3 BTS 3 3 15 5 MIMO 2x2 2x2 MIMO BTS 25 25 UE 1.5 1.5

19

, MAPL (Maximum Allowable Path Loss). LTE, WiMax, - UE BS ~ 20 ,

MAPL .

UE

. . 4.

.4. (UR) LTE WiMax

, 144 / 144 /

/

3

5 PUSC

HARQ: 1,5 LTE; 2

WiMax 540 1313

QPSK 0.61 QPSK 0.5

MCS

/ 2.3 4.0

2.5 2.5

-

-111.9 -106.3

-

/ 18.0 18.0 0.5 0.5

95% 95%

8.0 8.0

20

8.7 8.7 3.6 3.6

17 17

: DU 20 ; UR 17 ; SU -

14 ; RU 8 3.0 3.0 UE 23.0 23.0

MAPL 127.4 121.8

-

(UR) 0.56 0.39

COST231-HATA MAPL TD-LTE 5,6

WiMax, TD-LTE .

7.6 . ATOLL A9955. . 12.

. 12

21

LTE,

.

22 7.5 7.6 . ., . . 13.

. 13 LTE 22 WiMax

: 77%, . . 14.

. 14 WiMax

22

:

TD-LTE 7.49 98.5 %

WiMax 5.85 77 %

2.11.

:

1. -

/ / .

2. -

/

, .

3.

/ .

,

, NGMN 1: 500 , 10 , 20 ,

19 3- , 6 , . . 15.

23

. 15 .5

LTE/ 3GPP Rel.8 WiMAX/ IEEE 802.16e

15 , . . 1, 15 , TDD 1:1,

MIMO 2x2

15 , . . 3, 5 , TDD 3:2,

MIMO 2x2

11.8 / ( 60 /)

5 / ( 13.5 /)

4.8 / ( 20 /)

1.5 / ( 5 /)

LTE ,

WiMAX.

24

3. LTE HSPA+ HSPA+ LTE

. HSPA,+ UMTS/HSPA,

(CDMA), LTE (OFDMA).

: ,

(MIMO) .., . . 6.

HSPA HSPA+ LTE 3GPP Release Release 5/6 Release 7 Release 8

CDMA CDMA OFDMA

CDMA CDMA SC-FDMA

5 5 1,4 20

QPSK/ 16QAM QPSK/

16QAM/ 64QAM

QPSK/ 16QAM/ 64QAM

QPSK QPSK/ 16QAM QPSK/ 16QAM

2x2 2x2 - 4x4

3.1. LTE

(OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). , ,

,

: OFDM

- .

25

,

, OFDM , , , .

OFDM : 1,4 , 3 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 - 15 .

OFDMA - .

, (CQI Channel Quality Indicator). CQI,

,

.

/

, LTE

MIMO 44: 2,

MIMO, - ,

. , LTE

(MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme). QPSK/16QAM/64QAM .

29 MCS ,

26

. -

, 1.

HSPA+, . Release 7 HSDPA 64QAM MIMO 22, : MIMO - 16QAM, 64QAM SISO (Single-Input-Single-Output). 64QAM MIMO 22 HSPA+, Release 8.

,

CDMA, HSPA+

HSDPA 64QAM MIMO. .

- . 7.

. 7.

,

- - - -, /

-, /

-, //

HSDPA Release 5

5 14 400 3 600 0,72 1x2

HSPA+ Release 7

5 20 480 3 710 0,742 64QAM 1x2

HSPA+ Release 7

5 28 000 4 200 0,84 16QAM 2x2

LTE Release 8 5 18 300 5 400 1,08 1x2 LTE Release 8 10 36 700 11 000 1,1 1x2 LTE Release 8 20 75 400 22 000 1,1 1x2

27

LTE Release 8 5 36 700 6 000 1,2 2x2 LTE Release 8 10 73 400 12 000 1,2 2x2 LTE Release 8 20 150 800 24 000 1,2 2x2 LTE Release 8 5 36 700 6 385 1,277 4x2 LTE Release 8 10 73 400 12 800 1,28 4x2 LTE Release 8 20 150 800 25 800 1,29 4x2

3.2. , ,

.

, OFDM

.

. LTE

OFDM SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access), 180 ( 12 OFDM). SC-FDMA - , ,

.

SC-FDMA, OFDMA , .

, LTE HSPA

.

HSPA ,

.

SC-FDMA - ,

28

- .

- (SRS Sounding Reference Signal).

LTE

MIMO (MU-MIMO Multi User MIMO). MU-MIMO -

, .

(SDMA Space Division Multiple Access). , HSPA+

Release 6, HSUPA, , 16QAM. -. -

,

. - -

.

HSUPA, HSPA+ LTE.

29

. 8. ,

- , /

- -, /

- -, //

HSUPA Release 6

5 5 760 1 200 0,24 1x2, TTI=10

HSUPA Release 6

5 7 680 1 260 0,252 1x2, TTI=2

HSPA+ Release 7

5 10 000 1 300 0,26 1x2, TTI=2 , QPSK

HSPA+ Release 7

5 11 200 1 340 0,268 1x2, TTI=2 , 16QAM

LTE Release 8 5 8 500 2 970 0,594 1x2 LTE Release 8 10 20 600 6 020 0,602 1x2 LTE Release 8 20 40 600 12 300 0,615 1x2 LTE Release 8 5 8 500 4 160 0,832 1x4 LTE Release 8 10 20 600 8 430 0,843 1x4 LTE Release 8 20 40 600 17 200 0,86 1x4

3.3. VoIP

,

. LTE HSPA+ IP (VoIP). , VoIP

, :

, .. ,

VoIP

(, ..).

,

,

5,9 12,2 /.

30

LTE

(HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest). / HARQ

,

.

.

VoIP LTE HSPA+ RoHC (Robust Header Compression) VoIP.

, . . 9. , UMTS 55 . . 9. VoIP 12,2 /

, HSPA+ Release 7 5 86 64QAM 1x2, TTI 2

LTE Release 8 5 162 1x2 LTE Release 8 10 324 1x2 LTE Release 8 20 648 1x2

31

4. LTE 4.1. , LTE -

.

, ,

.

, LTE

1, ..

. , OFDM ( ), - 180 1 . ,

,

,

.

, . .16.

.16.

32

. 16, 1 , 2 ,

, 2,

1. , 2

, ,

1, 2.

1

2 .

2 ,

1, ,

,

.

,

LTE :

- , ,

,

, .

,

.

-

,

. ,

. ,

.

,

.

1 LTE , .

33

LTE

(FSS - Frequency Selective Scheduling) (ICIC - Inter Cell Interference Control).

4.2.

( ) :

(); .

W :

)1(log0

21 NLPWB uu += ,

W - ; uP - ; uL -

; 0N -

.

:

)1(log0

22 +

+=

iii

uu

LPNLPWB ,

i - ; iP - i -

; iL - i -

.

:

34

121

0

0221

111

1log

1

1log

++

+=

+

+

+

==

qh

hW

LP

LP

LPN

NLP

WBBB

uu

iii

uu

uu

,

0NLPh uu = - - (SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio),

=

iii

uu

LPLP

q - - (SIR Signal-to-Interference Ratio).

. 17

( B , %) SIR SNR.

.17. SIR ,

, .. 0q .

0=q 8=h

, 70 % (. .17).

35

4.3. (. . 16)

.

,

.

LTE

, , .

.

: -,

(HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest); -, - 1 ,

.

2 ( ).

(RNTP Relative Narrowband Tx Power). RNTP - , ,

( ). RNTP ,

(10 ) ( ). , RNTP ,

36

.

:

- (OI Overload Indicator)

.

: , .

- (High Interference Indicator) ,

,

. HII - ,

.

OI HII

20 ( ). 4.4. ICIC ,

.

: (VFR Virtual Frequency Reuse), (FFR Fractional Frequency Reuse) (SFFR Soft Fractional Frequency Reuse).

37

. 18.

. 19.

, , 3 , . 18: F1, F2 F3.

.

3.

, ,

.

38

,

.

.

,

,

, - F0 .19 ). F1, F2 F3.

1, 3. 1 3.

. 19 ) : ,

( ).

F0, ,

. ,

F1, F0, F2 F3, F2 F3,

. ,

: (Inverted Reuse), . . 20, (Trash Heap) , . 21.

7 . ,

, ..

. , ,

,

39

F2, .. ,

.

F1.

.

,

,

, .21.

.

P

PINT

. 20.

. 21.

40

4.5. ICIC

, , ..

SINR ( -+). ,

(. 21),

.

, FSS . FSS

(VoIP). , ,

.

ICIC.

Bell Labs .

.

7, . 21, FSS

40%. , , FSS, ICIC .

, . 20, FSS 18% 35%. , FSS, ICIC .

41

4.6. LTE

:

- .

.

-

1 .

.

LTE

(SON Self Organizing Network). SON : -,

, , , -, ,

. , ,

.

,

, .

42

,

,

LTE, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth.

, .

WMAN

LTE

:

- . ,

LTE WiMax,

HSPA+. - .

, WiMax.

- LTE FDD

TDD

FDD

, TD-LTE.

LTE

3GPP

.

43

1.

?

2.

.

3. , WiMax.

4. ,

LTE.

5. .

6. ? 7. ,

LTE WiMax.

8. HSPA+ LTE. 9. LTE

.

10. () LTE WiMax.

11. ?

12. ?

13. ? 14. MIMO LTE

WiMax?

15. ?

44

1. . TD-LTE WiMax// . 2010.

http://www.mforum.ru/news/article/093817.htm 2. . LTE// .

2010. - 2. - . 30-33. 3. , . LTE:

// . - 2010. - N 2. - . 34-37.

4. ., ., . WiMAX.

4G. .: , 209. 465 . 5. .., .., .., ...

. .:

, 2005, 592 . 6. .., .., ..

LTE: . .: -, 2010. 284 . 7. ... . .:

, 2006, 288 . 8. Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker. LTE The UMTS Long Term

Evolution. From Theory to Practice. - John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009 611 . 9. Jeffrey G.A. Fundamentals of WiMax: Understanding Broadband Wireless

Networking. Pearson Education, Inc., 2007. - 449 . 10. Harri Holma and Antti Toskala. WCDMA for UMTS HSPA Evolution and

LTE. - John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2007 574 . 11. .. . .: -

, 2008 - 136 . 12. ..

. .: , 2009, 272 .

45

13. .., .. OFDM, -. // , 10, , 2005.

14. .., .., ..

MIMO HSDPA . // , 10, , 2006, c. 12-16.

15. .., .., .., ..

. / . .. - .: - . 2008, 344 .

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