*

. , .

18 . .

8 .

..

. 40-66

6 . . 1.

. 40-66.

. Duhm . 56-66

,

2.

.

, * . 1 . . O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, bingen 31964, . 408. 2 B. Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, Gttingen 21902.

1

.

3.

. (,

, ),

,

,

.

:

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.

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3 . P. Hffken, Jesaja. Der Stand der theologischen Diskussion, Darmstadt 2004, . 19-81.

2

.

760 ..

(783-742

..) 4

(742-735 ..), (735-715 ..) (715-687 ..)5.

, 6

, .

, 2

3

,

(. 6:1-3). -

,

4 . 7:3, 22:15, 37:2. 5 W.F.Albright, The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel, BASOR 100 (1945), .16-22.

3

,

.

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, 6, -

- -

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.

(735 ..)

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9 . 7:14. 10 . 7:3.

5

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(715-687

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. (705-

681..) 701 .. ,

,

.

,

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,

(699-644 ..)14.

,

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11 . 16:10. 12 B. 18:4. 13 . 19:35 . 37:36. 14 :2. 120.5. . 11:37 ....

6

,

. ,

.

. ,

. -

15.

16,

,

.

.

.

.

,

. . 12 ..

15 - (. 30:1-5. 31:1-4) - . , , , . . ., , 2005, . 153-171. 16 . , (.. 48:22), ( .), ( ), ( , ).

7

Ibn Ezra

8 . .17.

-

. J.Eichhorn (1783)

J.Dderlein (1789) , . 1-39

40-66,

. E.

Rosenmller (1768-1835) . 13 14

,

18.

19 . ,

B. Duhm19,

. 40-55 56-66.

(.1-39), , -

8 ...

. (. 40-55)

,

, ,

17 Ibn Ezra (Abraham ben Meir), Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah, New York 1966. Rachel Margalioth, The Indivisible Isaiah, New York 1964, .11-13, Ibn Ezra . , , Samuel Ibn Gekatilla. . . R. B. Dillard and T. Longmann, An Introduction to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids 1994, . 268-69. 18 . O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, bingen 31964, . 408. 19 B. Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, Gttingen 21902.

8

20.

.

(. 56-66)

21.

,

(6 . ..) ,

, 4 . . 22.

,

.

, . . 5-35,

, -

, 4

. ..23 -

20 (538 ..), - 550 538 .. . . , , 1990, . 18-20. 21 . B. Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, .., . 19, . 56-66 . 40-55, , , . C. C. Torrey, The Second Isaiah: ew Interpretation, New York 1928, . 21, Duhm 40-55 56-66 , . . Achtemeier, The Community and Message of Isaiah 56-66: A Theological Commentary, Minneapolis: Augsburg 1982, . 10-16, . 56-66 , - . 22 C. Westermann, Das Buch Jesaja Kapitel 40-66, Gttingen 1966, . 237-245, , . , (.60-62), 537 520 .., . . . , , 1991, . 155. 23 R. E. Clements, Isaiah: ook without an Ending?, JSOT 97 (2002), . 123. W.L.Holladay, Isaiah: Scroll of a Prophetic Heritage, Grand Rapids 1978, ( ).

9

24,

.

.

25,

(1-39, 40-55, 56-

66)26.

27.

24 F. C. Cook, Holy Bible. . V, London 1875, .18. 25 , . . . .S.Childs, Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture, Philadelphia Fortress 1979, . 325-334. , Isaiah, Louisville, Kentucky 2001 [OTL]. P.Ackroyd, Isaiah 36-39: Structure and Function, Von Kanaan Bis Kerala: Festschrift Fr Prof Dr J. P. M. Van Der Ploeg, Neukirchen 1982 . 3-21 [AOA 211]. R.Rendtorff, ur Komposition des Buches Jesaja, VT 34 (1984), . 295-320. R.E.Clements, Beyond Tradition History: Deutero-Isaianic Development of First Isaiahs Themes, JSOT 31 (1985), .95-113. J.D.W.Watts, Isaiah, 2 vols, Waco 1985-87 [WBC]. C. R. Seitz, Zion's Final Destiny: The Development of the Book of Isaiah, Minneapolis 1991. O. H. Steck, Studien zu Tritojesaja, Berlin 1991 [BZAW 203]. J.R. Clifford, The Unity of the Book of Isaiah and its Cosmogenic Language, CBQ 55 (1993), . 1-17. P.D. Miscall, Isaiah, JSOT (1993), . 224-1077. R.J. Coggins, Do We Still Need Deutero-Isaiah?, JSOT 81 (1998), . 77-92. J.A.Motyer, Isaiah: An Introduction and Commentary, Downers Grove 1999 [TOTC]. Y.Gitay, Prophetic Criticism- What are they doing?: The Case of Isaiah-A Methodological Assessment, JS 96 (2001), . 101-127. J.N. Oswalt, Isaiah, Grand Rapids 2003 [NIVAC]. D. Janthial, L oracle de Nathan et l unite du livre d Isaie, Berlin/New York 2004 [BZAW 342]. . . Merrill, Everlasting Dominion: heology of the Old Testament, Nashville 2006 .. 26 , , , - , . O. H. Steck, Studien, . 3: . 27 R. Melugin : , . , , , , . R. F. Melugin and M. A. Sweeney, New Visions of Isaiah, Sheffield 1996, . 11 [JSOT Sup. 214].

10

: ) ,

,

8 . .. 3 .

.. (Childs, Clements, Rendtorff, Seitz, Steck).

,

-

) 5 4 .

..,

,

(Miscall, Watts) )

8 . ..,

28 (Oswalt, Motyer).

29 ,

, 56-66

.

Mowickel,

, .

,

30,

28 Duhm, (Kaminka [1935] Margalioth [1964]) (Allis [1950] Young [1958] Payne [1963]), 8 . .. 29 S. Mowinckel, Prophecy and Tradition, Oslo 1946, .67. D. R. Jones, The Tradition of the Oracles of Isaiah of Jerusalem, ZW 67 (1955), . 226-246. . . . K, , 2006, . 838. 30 R. . Clements, The Prophecies of Isaiah and the Fall of Jerusalem, VT 30 (1980), . 421-436. W. R. Watters, Formula Criticism and the Poetry of the Old Testament, Berlin 1976, . 67

11

,

.

, -

31: ,

(. 8:16, ),

32:

... (.

8:18).

,

, Duhm

,

.

Duhm

33 -

- Qumran

1QIsaa (H

)34. 2 . .. -

9 . ..,

. [BZAW 138]. . , .. , .13-14. . J. Barton, Isaiah 1-39, London/New York 2004, .23. 31 J.N.Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 1-39, Grand Rapids, ichigan 1988, . 19. 32 . R. E. Clements, The Unity of the Book of Isaiah, Int. 36, (1982), . 119. 33 H. M. Wolf, Interpreting Isaiah: The Suffering and the Glory of the Messiah, Grand Rapids 1985, . 37. 34 1QIsaa M. Burrows, J. C. Trever, W. Brownlee, he Dead Sea Scrolls of St. Marks Monastery. Bd.I: The Isaiah Manuscript and the Habakuk Commentary, ew Haven 1950.

12

,

. Duhm -

)

,

,

39 5535 (

) )

Duhm36,

70 .., 2 . ..

. 1Qsaa , ,

2 . .,

Qumran37.

.

35 1QIsaa 54 , , . . 39 ( ) , 40 , . . 55 ( XLVI, . 10). . 33 ( XXVII), ( LIV). 36 B.Duhm, Das Buch Jesaja, .., . 21. Duhm . 24-27 ( ) (135-104 ..). , . 4:17 (. 5). R. H. Kennett, The Servant of the Lord, London 1911, . Qumran , . 37 M. Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls, New York 1955, . 109, Qumran.

13

1.

,

,

.

,

38,

:

) ,

. ,

. . 40-66

, , .

Y. Radday39 .

, Radday

,

38 , , : S. R. Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament, London 1913. O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, Tbingen 31964. J. Schreiner, Das Buch Jesajanischer Schule, Wort und Botschaft, . J. Schreiner, Wrzburg 1967, . 143-162. J. L. Mckenzie, Second Isaiah, New York 1968. G. Fohrer, Das Alte Testament. Band 40-66, Berlin 1972. . , , 1985. . , -, 1990. 39 Y.T. Radday, The Unity of Isaiah in the Light of Statistical Linguistics, Hildesheim: Gerstenberg 1973.

14

.

. , . 40-48

, Radday, -

,

, . 40-55

. , Radday -

. 13-35 (8 .

..)40,

539

.41.

-

Radday,

42.

) , ,

43 )

Radday

,

.

44.

(1-39, 40-55, 56-66) .

, 40 Y.T. Radday, .. . 274. 41 O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, . 319-323. 42 Radday. . R. Posner, he Use and Abuse of Stylistic Statistics, Archivum Linguisticum 15 (1963), . 111-139. 43 L.L. Adams and A.C. Rincher, The Popular Critical View of the Isaiah Problem in the Light of Statistical Style Analysis, Computer Studies 4 (1973), . 149-157. 44 Y.Radday, Genesis, Wellhausen and the Computer, ZAW 94 (1982), . 467-481.

15

, ,

.

,

45. J. N. Oswalt46

,

. ,

,

,

47.

,

48.

, Oswalt

, ,

45 . . . , , 1975, . 386. , (. 1:1). J. N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah. Chapters 1-39, Grand Rapids, ichigan 1988, . 3, , . , , . . 46 J.N. Oswalt, , . 25. 47 . P. Ackroyd, Isaiah I-XII: Presentation of a Prophet, SVT 29 (1978), . 16-48 Isaiah 36-39: Structure and Function, Von Kanaan Bis Kerala: Festschrift fr Prof Dr J. P. M. Van Der Ploeg, Neukirchen 1982, . 3-21 [A 211]. R. Melugin, he Formation of Isaiah 40-55, Berlin/New York 1976. A , . . 48 R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, Grand Rapids 1969, . 777, 780.

16

, ,

49.

,

50.

,

, : -

, .

, ,

.

,

.

(40-66), ,

(1-39). ,

.

.

...

(1:27) ,

49 (Baba Bathra 15a, The Babylonian Talmud, . I. Epstein, London 21961), . . 50 J.N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, .., . 26, 44-45.

17

(4:2-4).

-

51 (4:4).

-

, ,

52.

:

. .

53. . 1-39,

. 40-55, . 56-66

. 54.

.

.

55.

51 . . 8:23-10:4. 11-14. 26:20. 30:26. 52 . R. Margalioth, The Indivisible Isaiah, New York 1964. E. J. Young, Who wrote Isaiah?, Grand Rapids 1958. 53 . J. J .M. Roberts, Isaiah in Old Testament Theology, Int 36 (1982), . 130-143. R.L. Cate, We Need to be Saved (Isaiah 1:1-2. 5:1-2. 6:1-13), Review & Expositor 88 (1991), . 139, 146. 54 . 1:4. 5:19,24. 10:20. 12:6. 17:7. 29:19. 30:11,12,15. 31:1. 37:23. 41:14,16,20. 43:3,14. 45:11. 47:4. 48:17. 49:7. 54:5. 55:5. 60:9,14. . 55 . 1:20. 40:5. 58:14.

18

. - (

)

, 56.

. . 1-39

. 40-66.

. :

, , 57.

. /

: . 1-39,

. 40-6658.

.

, 59.

. ,

60.

.

61.

.

, 62,

56 . 30:25. 44:4. 57 . 6:5. 8:21. 24:23. 32:1. 33:17, 22. 41:21. 43:15. 52:7. 58 . 1:27. 2:3. 4:5. 8:18. 12:6. 14:32. 18:7. 24:23. 28:16. 31:4. 35:10. 40:9. 46:13. 51:3, 16. 52:1, 7. 59:20. 60:14. 61:3. 62:1, 11. 59 . 6:10. 42:18-20. 43:8. 63:17. 60 . 11:6-9. 65:25. 61 . 6:3. 35:2. 40:5. 59:19. 60:1. 66:18. 62 . 2:7-8. 6:3. 8:9. 21:11. 24:16,23. 29:1. 40:1. 43:11,25. 48:15. 51:12. 57:19. 62:10. J. Schreiner, Das Buch Jesajanischer Schule, Wort und Botschaft, . J. Schreiner, Wrzburg 1967, . 146, .

19

-63, -64, -

65.

. 66.

. (),

67 68, .

.

,

69.

.

, 70.

71.

) .

,

. , ,

72,

.

63 . 26:5. 29:4. 34:7. 47:1. 64 . 5:24. 10:17. 43:2. 65 . 1:3. 40:14, 21. 43:10 (). 66 . 5:13. 8:23. 9:1-7. 10:28-31. 23:1,14. 41:25. 45:13. 53:1-12. 67 H. 11:16. 68 . 35:8. 40:3. 43:19. 49:11. 57:14. 62:10. 69 . 13:8. 21:3. 26:17, 18. 42:14. 54:1. 66:7. 70 . 7:4. 10:24. 37:6. 40:9 41:10,13. 43:1, 5. 44:2. 54:4. 71 . E. W. Conrad, The Royal Narratives and the Structure of the ook of Isaiah, JSOT 41 (1988), . 67-81. 72 . 44:28. 45:1.

20

8 .. ,

. ,

73.

,

,

74.

-

. , ,

-

, -

. - -

- ,

,

,

(. 10 37)75.

,

,

73 G. Fohrer, Das Alte Testament, Band 40-66, Berlin 1972, . 66. 74 . , , 1984, . 266. 66 . . , , 1975, . 25. , (. . 32 ).

21

,

(, ,

..), .

,

.

,

. -

, -

: - , - ,

. ,

, . , -

,

,

;

, ,

, ,

.

,

44 45

,

8 .

22

,

.

,

76. (vaticinium ex eventu)

( , )

,

. E, ,

.

,

,

8 . . .

.

.

. ,

, 77.

(. 34), -

76 , , . , ( . 43,3-4), 69 (1986), . 299. 77 . , , 3, (1936-7), . 154. . , , .

23

,

.

8 ..

, ,

78.

. . 13:2

-

.

( . 23:15 .).

,

, .

,

,

79. -

.

,

.

...

80. -

78. 18:22. 79 . 46:10,11. . . 41:21-24. 42:8-9. 44:7-8. 45:1-4. 45:11. 45:21. 48:3-6. 80 . 30:8. 42:23.

24

. -

,

81. -

(. 37-38),

(. 7-11), (. 8-13)

.

, -

,

(. 6:11 .) (. 7:8),

(. 10:20-23)82,

(. 13:17,19-20. 14:4,22-23. 21:9),

(. 23), -

(. 37:33-35),

(. 39:5-7).

83. , ,

,

,

Duhm ,

81 . , , .., . 135. . 82 ( = ). 83 . O. Kaiser, Isaiah 1-12:A Commentary, London 1972, . 23. [OTL].

25

84.

)

,

,

. .

.

,

43, 44 45.

8 .

.

. -

(1:2-9) ,

: 7 , -

,

(.1:7).

85, -

84 Duhm. . R. E. Clements, Isaiah: ook without an Ending?, JSOT 97 (2002), . 116. 85 . . 3:8 : , . 5:13 : . : 11 , 12

26

8 . ..

86

, .

.

, .

550 400 .87.

, -

88.

40-55 ,

89.

(. 11:11-12). 86. 3:8. 4:3. 8:23-10:4. . 11-14 .. 87 Blank, Bonnard, Feldmann, Fohrer, Kittel, Tournay Weiser , Bunsen, Ewald, Hlscher Marti , Seinecke Mowinckel , Duhm , von Gall Baltzer . . . , , 1990, . 18-20. K. Baltzer, Deutero-Isaiah: A Commentary on Isaiah 40-55, Minneapolis 2001, . 23-32. 88 B. S. Childs, Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture, Philadelphia 1979, . 325-327, , , , . 40-66 8 . .. , . 89 A. Motyer, The Prophecy of Isaiah, Leicester 1993, . 27.

27

,

.

,

90. .. ,

, ,

. . 40-

66 - -

, . 1-39

. . Young

. 40-66

91.

. . 40-55 ,

,

. , -

(. 2:15)

(. 47:8).

( 1:15), . 52:7.

,

. 51:15 ( , ), . 31:35. -

(. 30:10, 90 . 41:19. 44:14. 91 E. J. Young, n Introduction to the Old Testament, Michigan 1964, . 209. R. J. Coggins, Do We Still Need Deutero-Isaiah?, JSOT 81 (1998), . 77-92, 40-55 , . , .

28

46:27)

(41:8-9. 42:1,19. 44:1-2,21. 45:4. 48:20. 52:13. 53:11).

)

.

,

.

, , ,

.

, . -

, , ,

,

, -

, -

. ,

. , -

(42:1.

49:6),

92. -

(9:1). (9:5),

(9:6). ,

92 . . K, , 2006, . 836.

29

,

(11:1-10).

93

. -

:

, -

, ,

,

, , ,

,

.94

) . 56-66 ,

, , -

.

,

. 40-55 56-66

.

, , ) . 56-66 () -

93 , . 28. 94 . . . K, .. . 842-860. , . , , / 9, (2004), . 43-97. , (. 43). O R. E. Clements, The Unity of the Book of Isaiah, Int. 36, (1982), . 128, , . ( ).

30

95

(40-55) ) . 56:9 59:15

, .

-

...

96.

. 59

97,

.

, , -

,

. , , -

,

.

95 R. Rendtorff, Zur Komposition des Buches Jesaja, VT 34 (1984), . 319-320, . 56-66 (1-39 40-55), ... . 96 . 57:3-5. 97 . 59:3-7 3 4 5 6 7 . , , , . . . G. L. Archer, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, . 2, Bad Liebenzell 1987/1989, . 229-232.

31

2.

,

,

:

)

.

,

,

98

8 . .99.

,

. . 1-39 .

, .

(1-39, 40-55, 56-66),

,

,

98 J. A. Alexander, Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah, Grand Rapids 1953, . 66, . 99 O. Eissfeldt, Einleitung in das Alte Testament, bingen 31964, . 388, .

32

,

,

.

. . 40100.

(. 1-39), (.

40-66). Oswalt101,

,

.

)

. -

. 40-66

, . 2 .

.., . 48:22-25 : 22

23

24

25

.

. . . 40 100 R. E. Clements, The Unity of the Book of Isaiah, Int. 36 (1982), . 127. 101 J. N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, . 19.

33

.

)

102.

)

: , ,

, .

)

.

103.

. . 40-66

,

.

102 ... , . , , . . , (, , :3-6). 103 . 3:3 (. 40:3), 4:14 (. 8:23), 8:17 (. 53:4), 12:17 (. 42:1), 13:14 (. 6:9-10), 15:7 (. 29:13), . 1:2 (. 40:3), 7:6 (. 29:13), . 3:4 (. 40:3), 4:17-19 (. 61:1-2), .1:23 (. 40:3), 12:38 (. 53:1), 12:39 (. 6:9-10), 12:41 (. 53:1,6:9-10), . 8:28 (. 53:7-8), 8:30 (. 53:7-8), 28:25 (. 6:9-10), . 9:27 (. 10:22-23), 9:29 (. 1:9), 10:16 (. 53:1), 10:20 (. 65:1), 15:12 (. 11:10).

34

)

: M. B,

, , ,

, . , K ,

, 104. , -

8 . .. .

.

8

.

SUMMARY

THE COMPOSITION OF THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

Thirty years ago a few Greek and foreign scholars defended the

unity of Isaiahs book and this was due to the fact that B. Duhms

theory on the books three-author division had predominated.

According to this theory the first part (chapters 1-39), that was named 104 M. B, , PG 30, . 117-667. , , PG 24, . 89-528. , , PG 93, 1369-86. , , PG 81, . 215-494. , , PG 18, 1307-78. . , , PG 56, . 11-94. K , , PG 70, . 9-1450. , - , PG 87, . 1817-2717. , , PG 13, . 219-254.

35

Proto-Isaiah, was written by the prophet Isaiah in the 8th century BC

and refers to his activities during the period when Assyria was the

dominant force in the Near East. In the second part (chapters 40-55) the

message of another great prophet of the era of captivity is recorded,

who was conventionally named Deutero-Isaiah. The books third part

(chapters 56-66) has been attributed to a disciple or disciples of

Deutero-Isaiah and was named Trito-Isaiah. A direct consequence

of the aforesaid position was the treatment of each of the three sections

as a different book, which should be interpreted independently of the

other two books.

Nowadays this practice has gradually started to change.

Contemporary commentaries and independent studies treat Isaiahs

book as a single work with specific theological aims, but one notice

major differences among scholars with regard to the mode of

comprehending its unity.

In this study, it is attempted to reexamine the theory of the three

authors by researching internal and external criteria as well as by

utilizing the results of contemporary researches. By examining the

aforementioned criteria we deem that it becomes apparent that the

theory of the books two-author or, according to others, three-author

division causes much more problems than those it attempts to solve. We

infer from our treatment of this issue that the book in its whole was

written by the prophet Isaiah in the 8th century BC, who was transferred

in the Spirit to the era of the Babylonian captivity and prophesied the

events of this era.

36

AOAT Alter Orient Und Altes Testament

ATD Das Alte Testament Deutsch

BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental

Research

BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fr die alttestamentliche

Wissenschaft

CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly

37

-

/ -

.

Int Interpretation

JBL Journal for Biblical Literature

JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

M

NIVAC New International Version Application Commentary

OTL Old Testament Library

PG Patrologia Graeca

Rev&Exp Review and Expositor

TOTC The Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries

VT Vetus Testamentum

VT Suppl Supplements to Vetus Testamentum

ZAW Zeitschrift fr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

1. . - .

LIA HEBRAICA STUTTGARTENSIA, .. Elliger - W. Rudolph,

Stuttgart4 1967-1977.

KOEHLER L. - BAUMGARTNER W., Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti

Libros, . E. J. Brill, Leiden 1958.

LIDDELL G. H. - SCOTT R., , .

SEPTUAGINTA, . . Rahlfs, Stuttgart 1979.

38

2. .

M. B, , PG 30, . 117-

667.

, , PG 24, . 89-528.

, , PG 93,

. 1369-86.

, ,

PG 81, . 215-494.

, , PG 18, .

1307-78.

. , , PG 56, .

11-94.

K ,

, PG 70, . 9-1450.

,

, PG 87, . 1817-2717.

, , PG 13, . 219-254.

3.

Achtemeier ., The Community and Message of Isaiah 56-66:A Thelogical

Commentary, Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1982.

Ackroyd P., Isaiah I-XII: Presentation of a Prophet, SVT 29 (1978),

. 16-48.

- Isaiah 36-39: Structure and Function, Von Kanaan Bis

Kerala: Festschrift fr Prof Dr J. P. M. Van Der Ploeg, Neu-

kirchen 1982, . 3-21 [A 211].

39

Adams L. L. and Rincher A. C., The Popular Critical View of the Isaiah

Problem in the Light of Statistical Style Analysis, Computer

Studies 4 (1973), . 149-157.

Albright W. F., The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel,

BASOR 100 (1945), . 16-22.

Allis T. O., The Unity of Isaiah, London 1950.

Archer G. L., Einleitung in das Alte Testament, . 2, Bad Liebenzell

1987/1989.

Baltzer K., Deutero-Isaiah: A Commentary on Isaiah 40-55, Minneapolis

2001.

Barton J., Isaiah 1-39, London/New York 2004.

., ,

E 3, (1936-7), . 150-160.

- ,

. , 1968.

Burrows M., Trever J. C., Brownlee W., he Dead Sea Scrolls of St. Marks

Monastery Bd. I: The Isaiah Manuscript and the Habakuk

Commentary, ew Haven 1950.

Burrows M., The Dead Sea Scrolls, New York 1955.

Cate R. L., We Need to be Saved (Isaiah 1:1-2. 5:1-2. 6:1-13),

Rev&Exp 88 (1991), . 137-151.

Childs B. S., Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture, Philadelphia

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