30
사회와 철학 연구회 논문집 사회와 철학 162008. 10 상징적 폭력과 전근대적 학벌사회 김 석 수*[논문개요] 오늘의 우리 사회는 경제 자본과 문화 자본이 결합하여 경제계급을 넘어 문화 계 급을 창출하고 있다. 이런 문화계급은 실재에 대한 기호의 폭력을 양산하고 있 으며, 우리의 학벌사회의 문제를 확대 재생산하고 있다. 이와 같은 현상은 우리 사회에서 전개되고 있는 공공 영역의 위기와 맞물려 있으며, 이는 계층 간의 이동 을 더욱 더 어렵게 만드는 문화계급의 영속화로 이어지고 있다. 이러한 문화계급 의 형성 과정은 교육 활동 전반에 확산되고 있으며, 전근대적인 가족주의와 근대 적인 학력주의로 결합된 학벌공동체를 지속시킴으로써 공동체의 갈등을 심화시키 고 있다. 나아가 이런 현상은 서울공화국=학벌공화국이라는 등식을 통해 중심주 의 신화를 창출하고 있으며, 지방의 몰락을 재촉하고 있다. 따라서 우리 사회의 학벌이 가하는 상징적 폭력의 극복 없이는 그 어떤 인간적 삶도 불가능하다. 경제 개혁이나 정치개혁보다 더 근원적인 것은 자율성과 연대성 원리에 입각한 교육개 혁이다. 주제어: 상징, 학벌, 공공영역, 문화계급, 기호, 교육 * 경북대학교 철학과 교수

김석수, '상징적 폭력과 전근대적 학벌사회

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

김석수, '상징적 폭력과 전근대적 학벌사회'

Citation preview

  • 16 2008. 10

    *1)

    []

    .

    , .

    ,

    .

    ,

    . =

    , .

    .

    .

    : , , , , ,

    *

  • 16132

    1.

    . . , . . , . , .

    . (mimesis) (noesis) . (cogito) . .

    , (poiesis) . , . . . , .

  • () 133

    . .

    . , . (vita contemplativa) , . .1) . . .

    , . , , , , . , . , .2) , . .

    1) , , 77.2) .

  • 16134

    (P. Bourdieu) 3)

    . .

    . . . , . , .

    . , . , . .

    . , . ,

    3) , , , ( , , 31-37 ). (* )

  • () 135

    . , . . .

    2. ()

    , (bourgeois) (agora) . . (oikos) , .4) , , . (burgus) . (burgensis) .5) .6)

    4) , , 293~294 . 5) , , 294~295 .6) , , 295.

  • 16136

    (System der Bedrfnisse)7) , .8)

    (politikon) (societas) .9) . , , , .10)

    , . . , , .

    7) G. W. F. Hegel, Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts(1821), Hegel Werke Band 7, 188.

    8) J. Habermas, Strukturwandel der ffentlichkeit, 193~210. , , , 268~285. (* SO ). , (SO, 13~14, 173, 183. , 62~64, 246, 257).

    9) O. BrunnerW. ConzeR. Koselleck, Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe 1, 676~678. H. Arendt, The Human Condition, 39, 70.

    10) H. Arendt, The Origin of Totalitarianism, 138.

  • () 137

    . .

    , (moral hazard) . (SO, 173, , 246). , , . . . , . , . .

    . . , , -- . () . . . , , .

    = . . .

  • 16138

    . , . .

    . . , . , . , . .11) , .12) (F. Hayek) .13) , .14)

    .

    11) W. , , 33.12) , 38.13) , 39.14) , 68.

  • () 139

    .15) .16) , .17) , .18) , . . CEO . .19)

    . . .20) . . . , .

    15) , 70.16) Geoff Whity, Education, Economy and National Culture, 22.17) Basil Bernstein, The Structuring of Pedagogic Discourse: Class,

    Codes and Control, Vol. 4, 63. 18) , , 49, 66, 71.

    .( , 82).19) , 83-105 .20) .( , 81)

  • 16140

    . .

    3.

    . (, 9). . , . .21)

    . .22) , , . (paideia, cultura animi) 23) .

    21) , : , 82.22) , : , 280.23) P. Edwards(ed.), The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 273. J. G.

    Herder, Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit, 413.

  • () 141

    .24) , .25) . .26)

    , . , , . , 2 .27) , . . , .

    . () . . .

    24) , , 37. , , 290~292, 297~298. , 83.

    25) C. A. , , 132, 136, 147.26) , , 186. 27) A. Gehlen, Urmensch und Sptkultur Philosophische und Aussagen,

    80. A. Gehlen, Der Mensch: Sein Natur und seine Stellung in der Welt, 38, 80.

  • 16142

    , . , . , . , .

    (Jean Baudrillard) .28) , . (labor) , (working) .29) . , (simulacre) . .30) (SS. 12~13). , . , .

    28) , , 50~51.29) H. Arendt, The Human Condition, 88~98, 136~137, 144. 30) , Simulacres et Simulation, 9~10. (* SS

    )

  • () 143

    (SS. 13- 18). , (SS. 19). .

    . .31) . . . . . .32) . , (simulation) .(SS. 58) .(SS. 58) , . , , .

    . (distinction) .

    31) , , 163.32) , , 68~70.

  • 16144

    . . , .33) . . .34)

    . .35) .36)

    33) , , - , 230.

    34) , (, : , 36, 2002, 223).

    35) ( , , 81~82). , , 91 . , : , 246 ).

    36) , ( , , 82)

  • () 145

    , .37) . , . . . , , 38) .

    . . . (hyperralit) . (, 13~15. LD. 74/, 124).39)

    37) .(, - , 307). , (, : , 229, 234).

    38) Pierre Bourdieu, La Distinction - critique sociale du judgement, 112~113. , : , 176. (* LD/ ),

    39) .

  • 16146

    (habitus) . , . . . .

    . . .40) .41) , (RP. 41~42). .(RP. 43) . (ordination) .(RP. 44)42) (RP. 44~45).43) (RP. 54). ()

    . (, , 94)40) , - Raisons Pratiques-sur

    la thorie de l'action, 41. (* RP ). , - , 115

    41) , , 26~32.42) , , 107 .43) , , 108-109.

  • () 147

    (RP. 155). , (RP. 222).44) .45)

    , , , , .46) .47) . .(, 72) , (, 77). .

    . .

    .

    (, 80).

    44) , , 107, 112~113. , , 136. , , 123, 142, 143.

    45) W. , , 53. 46) , , 24-25.47) , , , ,

    191~193, 200. , , , ( , , 20, 34-36, 49). (* )

  • 16148

    , . . (, 81). , .48) , (, 96). , .49)

    4.

    . . . , .50) , , . . , , ,

    48) , : , 419.49) , : , 380,

    383.50) , , 400~401.

  • () 149

    . (),51) ,52) .

    , , , . . , . . . , . KTX 3 .

    == . . , . . . , .

    51) , , 7. , , 195. 52) , [1972], 517.

    (, , 74).

  • 16150

    . , . , . .53)

    , . . .54) . .

    . () () () . .55) , .56) .57)

    (ergon) (parergon)

    53) (, , 21~24, 57).

    54) , , 125.55) , , 77.56) , , , 2003.06.20, 57) , - , 73.

  • () 151

    ,58) . , . , . , .59)

    . . . . .

    5.

    . . . .

    58) I. Kant, Kritik der Urteilskraft, 306. Jacques Derrida, The Truth in Painting, 60~61.

    59) , , 179~180 .

  • 16152

    .

    , , . . . .60) . . .61)

    . . , . ,62) . 63) . . , . . ,

    60) , , 77.61) , , 72, 85.62) , , 7563) , , 148.

  • () 153

    .64) . , .

    , , () .65) , .66) , , () . , ,67) . (bourgeois) (citoyen) .68)

    . 3 ,

    64) , ?, 310.65) () (), ()

    () ( ?, 58, 95, 98. , 112).

    66) J. Habermas, Faktizitt und Geltung, 443. , , , 440.

    67) , 21 -, , , - .

    68) J. Habermas, Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Band 2, 473. SO, 195. , 269.

  • 16154

    . , . , , . . . , . , () . . , .

    , . . , , , . , , , . , .

    , . , , . ,

  • () 155

    . . , , , . 4 , = . .

    , , , 74, 2007 .

    , ?, , , , 2006.

    , : , , 2004., 21 -, , ,

    -, , 14 2007. 10.

    , , , 6, , 2003.

    , , , 2008., , , 2004., ?, ,

    74, 2007 .

  • 16156

    , : , , 1997 , .

    W. , , , , 2004.

    , [1972], , 6, , 1998.

    , , THEBOOK, 2003. , : , ,

    , 1995. , , , , 1997. , ,

    , 2005., , , 2004. , , (1942 1 26-28),

    1942. , , , 4283(1950). , , , , 2000. , , , , 2001., , ,

    - , , 1998., : ,

    15 2, 2007. , , , , 1992. , , , , 2001. , , , , 2002. , , Simulacres et Simulation, ,

    , 2004., :

    , 36, 2002.

  • () 157

    , , , , , 2002.

    , , , , , 2002.

    , - , , - , , 1998.

    , : , , , , 2002.

    , - , , 9, 2003.

    , , , , , 2005.

    , , , 2000., , , ,

    1998. , - , , ,

    2005. , , -

    , , , 2000, , , , , 2002. , : , 12 1

    , 2005., , , 2003.06.20,, , , 1995.Arendt, H., The Human Condition, Chicago & London: The

    University of Chicago Press, 1973.Arendt, H., The Origin of Totalitarianism, New York: Harcourt

    Brace Yovanovih 1951.

  • 16158

    Basil Bernstein, The Structuring of Pedagogic Discourse: Class, Codes and Control, Vol. 4, New York: Routledge, 1990.

    Brunner, O.Conze, W.Koselleck, R., Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe 1, 2, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1992.

    C. A. , , , , 1994.Derrida, Jacques, The Truth in Painting, Geoff Bennington and Ian

    McLeod(ed.), Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1987.

    Edwards, P.(ed.), The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, New York: The Macmillian Company & The Free Press, 1978.

    Gehlen, A., Der Mensch: Sein Natur und seine Stellung in der Welt, Frankfurt a. M.: Athnum, 1971.

    Gehlen, A., Urmensch und Sptkultur Philosophische und Aussagen, Frankfurt a. M.: Athnum, 1962.

    Geoff Whity, Education, Economy and National Culture, in Robert Bocock, Kenneth Thompsom, eds., Social and Cultural Forms of Modernity, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992.

    Habermas, J., Faktizitt und Geltung, Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1992.

    Habermas, J., Strukturwandel der ffentlichkeit, Neuwied und Berlin: Hermann Lutherhand Verlag GmbH, 1971

    Habermas, J., Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns, Band 2, Zur Kritik der funktionalistischen Vernunft, Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1981.

    Hegel, G. W. F., Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts(1821), Hegel Werke, Band 7, Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp, 1970.

    Herder, J. G., Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit, Darmstadt: Melzer, 1966.

  • () 159

    Kant, I., Kritik der Urteilskraft, Kant Werke, Band 8, Wihelm Weischedel(Hrsg.) Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesell -schaft, 1981.

    Pierre Bourdieu, La Distinction - critique sociale du judgement, Paris: Les ditiones de Minuit, 1979.

  • 16160

    Symbolic Violence and Pre-modern Academic Clique Society

    Kim, Suk-soo

    [Abstract]

    Culture class is being made by the combination of economic capital

    and cultural capital in our society. This culture class is delivering an

    attack against reality, and it is reproducing the conflicts and oppositions

    which our academic clique society causes. This present situation is

    continuous with the crisis of public sphere, and is making the everlasting

    culture class which prevents us moving from one class to another class.

    This aspect appears in every education field. The academic clique society

    which combines pre-modern paternalism with modern diplomaism is more

    fortified owing to this culture class, and the conflict of community is

    also increasing more and more. And now, the Seoul Republic is

    equated with the Academic Clique Republic, and this is creating the

    myth of Seoul-centrism and breaking down the provinces. Therefore we

    cannot live humanly without overcoming the symbolic violence which

    the academic clique commits. Hence the education reform is more

    fundamental than the economic reform and political reform.

    Key Words: symbol, academic clique, public sphere, simulacre, education

    : 2008 7 24 : 2008 9 5 : 2008 9 27

    []1. 2. () 3. 4. 5. [Abstract]