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. (1987- 2002 ) Landsat. TM,ETM+)) . ERDAS Imagine V. 8.5 Arc GIS V.9.2. . 1987 2002 .:

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: ERDAS Imagine V. 8.5 Arc GIS V.9.2 : Raw Data ( ) (1987 2002 ) Landsat.TM,ETM+)) Path (167) / Row (48).

Picture Elements Pixel Pixel (DN) digital Number Landsat.TM)) 3030 . ERDAS Imagine V. 8.5 Import/Export LAYERSTACK Conditional (8).

(8)

Geometric Correction Projection Type UTM WGS 84 Zone 38. 15 ( Ground Control Points ) GPS .

(AOI) Areas of Interest Subset Image . Enhancement Spectral Indices Select Function (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) ( NDVI ) :NDVI = ( band 4 band 3 ) / ( band 4 + band 3 ) = ( 4 3) / ( 4 + 3 )

Red 0.69-0.63 . Infrared 0.90-0.76 . (9) ( ) (1987 2002 ).

(9)

((Change Detection (1987 2002 ) ( 10).

( Raster to Vector) Arc GIS V.9.2 ( 11).

(11) ( Raster to Vector)

43,8 42 17 16,5 (1).

: (1/ 7,000,000) 2001. ( 13,500) 13 29 4000 . (35) .

1425 (1186139) ( 4) (993675) (192464) (5,2%) (6%) (2,2) (3,6%) ( 176966 ) (4,4%) ( 1425).

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240 3200 2000 1200 (70%) 1422 (421784 ) ( ). :

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(12) 1987 2002 1987 (1080.3872 ) 2002 (586.7412 ) (493.6462) ( 1).

(1) 1987 2002 1987 ( 8% ) (4.3%) 2000 2002 ( 13).

: (1987 2002 ) ( 2).

2 / 2 1987/ 2 2002/ 2 1987-2002/ 21965720378681855113499717814731871152807211888148331365413926531173186324281993794215276841881450431 (2) 1987 2002 (1342) : (862) (722) (372) (332) (312) (272) (92) (22) (622) (1987 2002) ( 2).

(2) ( ) ( 9-12) : 1992 (851378) 2005 (1186139 ) (3.1%) 2010 (1,400,000 ) ( ) (3).

(3)

(1987 2002 ) (1992 2005 ) 2002 2005 . 1992 (1269 ) 2005 (495 ) 2005 1992 ( 2).

1992 2005 ()8513781186139 (2)1080587 (2)1269495 ( ) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) (NDVI) (-1 +1) NDVI 1987 (0.6) 2002 (0.3) 1987 (17).

(15) NDVI (1987-2002)

( ) NDVI (1987-2002) ( ) (1987-2002) NDVI 2002 NDVI 1987 ( 16).

(16) NDVI (1987-2002)

(17) NDVI (1987-2002)

(16) (17) NDVI 1987 2002 NDVI .

:

: . ( ) (1987-2002). 2002 (586.7412) 1987 (1080.3872).

1987 (8%) (4.3%) 2002 . (1987-2002) (493.642). (1342) (862) (722) (372). 1992 (12692) (4952) 2005. NDVI 1987 (0.633) 2002 (0.362). : .

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