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<<On"[asreHue KHHr, Kro Hx cJroxHJr> Cn.iilnecrpa MeaneaesaHaM KaXyTcq yHHKaJtbHbtM14, TO HeJIb3fl yTBepxAaTb, r{ToB nnrepecyrcurnli Hac rrepHoA He cyulecrBoBaJro Apyr.HXTpyAoB aHarorHqHOrO XapaKTepa, Koropbre Ao Hac He coxpa-HHJfHcb. floerouy Haur.l BbrBoAbr o pa3Bnruu 6n6nuo.pu$"_qecKoro oIIucaHHf He Moryr npeTeHAOBaTb Ha HcqepnbrBan_uyro noJrHory n a6conrorHyro ror.rHocrb.

Cnncxn (r{crnnHHx> rr (Jloxnbrx) KHHr

Iepnurrau yKa3areJrrMH Jrrrreparypbr, Koropbre rroflBHJrHcbHa yycn, obrJIH c[HcKH <<trcrtlHHbtx> lI <<JIoxHbIX)> KHHr, CosAa-HHe raKr.rx cnucKoB cBfl3aHo c luHpoKHM pacnpocrpaHeHHeMe 4perueli Pycr auoxpnrpoa, r. e.'npon3BeAeri"f penlliroi_uoro coAepxaHHs, He rroJryquBurHx rrpl.rgHaHHa oQuuua.ntHofiuepKBr.r. Co BpeMeHeM anoxpr.rsu craJrH HcnoJrbgoBarbclt

cropoHHHKaMH pa3nuqnblx <epeceft>. I-[epxonl nena 6opr6yc anoxpnQnr{ecroft nHreparypofi , HagHsaq KHHrI{, coAepxaB-rune arioxirnQsr, <.noxnulun> ( N.n x <<orpeqeHHblMl't>, <6oroot-MerHbIMn> lr t. n.) B orJtHqne or KHHr <ltcrnHHblx>, T. e. KaHo-

HHqecKHx, o4o6peuHux LlepKoBbIo. CocrasrexHe cnlrcKoB<HCTHHHb|X> H <JIOXHbIX> KHHT HMETO UCJIbIO HC TOJIbKO

orAeJrHrb Apyr or Apyra 3rH ABa BnAa KHHr, HO I'l oAHoBpe-

MeHHO HaJIOXHTb 3anpeT Ha qTeHI're KHHr <JIOXHbIX>' KOTOpbIX

npaBocJIaBHbIM XpHCTI{aHaM <He AOCTOHT AepxarH> I'I <He IIo-

Ao6aer qecrfl> (unraru). floaAsee K qncny (JloxHblx> KHI'rr

noMHMo anoxpnQoe craJln ornocurb raKxe u HeKoropHe

Apyrue npou3BeAeHHs, He HoctulHe penHrfio3HOrO XapaKTepa,HanpHMep ManHqecKHe, acTpoJIorHqecKHe I{ raAaTeJIbHbIe

xn"i". flpn arom, KaK orl\{eqaer A. H. flunun, I'IHorAa

<B rlr.tcJro KHnr orHocHl,tu 6ut.llll fi He KHI{rn, a npocro HapoAHble

cyeBepHfl u nPeApaccyAKH, B KOTOpbIX qeH3opbI BHAeJIH

cronbKo xe onacHoro, KaK H B JIOXHbIX' 3anpeuleHHblx qep-

KOBbro KHHrax, H KOTOpble oHH noSTOMy' He CTeCHgqCb'

rrocraBHJIH B ror xe PasPa4>.1Ilepaue cnncKl{ (ncrnHHblx> ll <JloxHblx> KHHr npnunll

x HaM r{s Bltgaurnn u 6unn nepeBeAeubl c rpeqecKoro. C reqe-HHeM BpeMeHH B nepeqHH <JIOXHbIX> KHHI cTaIH BKJlnqaTb

cseAeH;s u o6 opirrl{HaJlbHblx pyccKux KHHrax. <<Crarsq

o JIo)KHbIx KHI'Irax 6u.na raxntl o6pasoru y)Ke r{Hcro pyccKuM

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KHHI H HapoAHbtx cyeeePnfi>.206 l,tcrioJlrsoBaHHl'I s arNx cnncKax 6r'r6.nuorpaQuqecKux

onucannft MoxHo roBo.pl'trb nilIxb ycnoBno: H3 6n6lnorpaQn-qecKnx cseAeHrfi n sux o6uquo npHBoAI'tJII'tcb HMeHa aBropoB

u 3ArJlaBn KHHr, HepeAKO Xe yKa3HBanocb ToJIbKO I',lMfl

aBTopa HJIH 3aruIaBue. 9ro o6lqcusnocb Ha3HaqeHHeM cnuc-

KOB: peKoMeHAOBaJIHCb I'lnH 3anpeqaJll'lcb BCe npoH3BeAeHHfl

TOrO HJIH HHOrO aBTOpa HJIH I',r3BeCTHble IIoA ynoMflHyrblM

B clncKe 3anJIaBHeM. B psae cnyqaeB <<aBTopoM> cquTaJlcfl

JrereHAapHbIfi unu HcropnqecKufi nepcouax, KoropoMy npu-flr,lcbrBaJlocb flpol'{3BeAenue. HHorAa npIlBoAHMoe B cnucKe

iln,tq 6uro He LIMeHeM aBTopa, a 3arJIaBHeM: Hanp-H-Mep'

<<l,Ios> - Ha3BaHr.te KHfirH, coAepxaBuefi nctopNto l4osa.

I fl u n n g A. H. ,ll,rq o6lqcHeHHq crarbn o JloxHblx KHHtax' -.n"tont.o."n"infr Apxeorp. xoMncctltl ea 1861. Cn6', 1862' sHn' I' c' 4-5'

2 Tau xe.

l0

Hau-6onee Apeaunft cnncoK (HcrHHHbIx> H <Jto)KHbtx> KHfir,roropufi Aorxen Ao Hac. - <boroc.lloebua or cJroBec>.Og 6sr.n qacrbn gHaMeHHToro <He6opHuxa CasrocJraBa>>,cocraBJreHuoro B X ". An" 6onnapcxono qapfl Crueoua uflepenncaHnono s 1073 r. AJIR qepHuroBcKoro KHfl3q Cesro-craBa (cranurero B_cKope Belnrnu KHq3eM Kneacxuru ) .g

_Ilepnan qacrl <<EorocJroBbua or cJroBec> npeAcraBnqerco6ofi_nepeqeHb <r.rcruHHbrx> KHHr, npltflHcHsaeMsrft lpnno-purc DorocnoBy H coAepxaurufi xnuiu Berxoro u Hoaoro3aBera, Bropan - Tpn cnHcKa, npHnHcbrBaeuue Hcr.r4opy.t' nepBoM H3 3Tr.tX CnHCKOB nepeqncneHbr KHUrr{ <HcTfiHHbre>,BO BTOpOM

- KHl,lnH, He OTHOCflUIHeCS K <HCTHHHbIM>,

B TperbeM - KHHrH <coKpoBeHHbte>, T. e. anoxpnQHqecKue,HJIH <JIO)KHbIC>.

^ Hava.no flepeqHs <HcrHHHbtx> KHHf a nepnoft qacrlt

< borocJroBbua > Bbrr.lqAr.tr cJreAyroulHrrl o6pasou : a

. . . .npb-Boe Poaucrso [r. e. nepaan KH]tra - Esrrnel; rave[sareul Hcxo.u, ll Jleyurnion [Jleairrl ; raue gnc.na; noio* xeBroprn saKon; raqe Hlrcyc n Cy,inq; py$; nx xe [r. e. <ncrrn""*"xHurl AeuaruR.xe H recf,rbrfl xxnrn ,flennnn uaprira; n llaparuno_MeHbr; nocJtexAexe [noc,le urxl xrrlautH Esapyj Hacrrurunua [c.le-ayro'r{Hel )Ke nsre?br, Hx r(e e nptasrft Hoe, r;oroM xe ,Ilaeua; ia,terpofl conoMoHa, Ct6opuHlrx, flecur xe u flpnrtla. . .

Moxuo o6parnrb BHHMaHHe Ha r{cnoJrb3oBaHHbre B cnHcKenpHeMbt, KOTOpbre B Haue BpeMs Iut poKo npHMeHflroTcsa 6n6nuorpaQNvecxou onucaHHH.

l. Buecro noBTopeHns 3arJraBnfl AByx KHrlr <.Il,eaHaauapbcKa> nHueTct: <Hx xe AeBflTbrg H AecgTbrs>: gro xar 6H3apoAbrrx cBoAHoro onficaHHs MHoforoMnbrx lisAanafi, KorAa3a,rraBne npHBoAurcfl oAHH pa3

- s o6uefi qacru, a cBeAeHHflo6 or4entHbrx roMax Aalorcff a cnequOnxaunu.

.^^^3 l4s6opHHK BeJtuKoro xHssg^Csqrocrasa fpocrasn,ra. 1073. f16.,1880, c. 253-254. (B r.lsaanne t884 n. - c rapanJlenbHHMH rper{ecKgMH HJIaTilHcKHMH TeKcraMH - <bofocroBbua or cJroBec) He noure.l). Texcr <Boro_cJloBbua> noMeuleH a yxasaHHofi Bbt[re crarbe A. H. I-turnuua, ls xoropofi r,,rsls 3aHMcrByeM npnaoAnuuft aanee npHMep.{ flpr nepeAa,le reKcra npnMepoB 3Aecb H a 4a;lrrefiueu co6ltoAaorcgcteayroulHe. npaB_Hn-a: npaBonHcaHHe r{cToqHHKa COXpaHneTcr, 3a HcKJrIoqe-Hneu 6yxe i, O, A, rP, [, u,.<o, bt Koropble 3aMeHrrcrcr coorBercrBypulHMt_i6yxnauu coBpeMeHHoro areasrra; co,reraHHe (oy) flepeAaercn iax oyrr.byrea , npeAuecrByloqHe nepeqHo

KHHr, Koropble npnnncblBanHcb Co.nouoHy' no3BoJ'ltllor

He noBTopRTb Aaflee HMfl aBropa; TaK' B HaIUe BpeMfl He no'BTopfercfl B onHcaHHn Qarr,tu.nna aBTopa' ecJIH oHa ynoMq'

Hyra B 3auIaBHH yKa3arenfl t.tJII'I B Ha3BaHH]l.. py6pnxu'-' npr""AeM na'{Lno nepBoro cnucKa nropofi qactn <<Boro-

cJtoBbua oT CJIOBeC>.

L Poaucreo. hcxoa. Jleynrtlr' I{ncaa' 5' Bropufi saxou'

6. Hncyc. i. Cyt ^ u,-PyQ. 8. I-laqscxsrn npbBbtn' 9' llapsc-r-un'

rb.--ijjp**"".' i i' IIa'pic*o'"' l2'- I-lapairnnouena' l3' 14oe'

i+. iliuntnp".15. IIpuriva.16. Cr6opuHnx' l7' flecHn necHeu'

18. Esqpa...

Aanuufr cflucoK Bo MHoroM rloBTopfler Ha3BaHHr' npuBe-

AeHHble B nepBoft qacTn' TaK, n HeM ynoMl'tHalorcfl <uapb-'

cKbrf > KHHrl.t (r. e. Knrnn qapcrn) ' 3anHcaHHble B nepBoI'I

qacrll noA Ha3BaHI'IeM <<,[lenunn qapbcKa>, oAHaKO ecJlH

e nepnofr qacrr.t Hx 6Hao Ase, ro renepb yKa3aHbI qerblpe'

Bo nropofi qacru Ha3BaHHfl KHHI orAernlorcfl Apyr oJ ApyraHe cJloBaMI,l <<Taqe>>, <<noToM xe> n T. n., KaK O nepaofi r{acTH'

u u"6pu"" (xax aro AeJlaercfl s 6orutullHcree 6n6rl'rorpaSn-qecKHX yKa3areJIeI'I B HaCTOflUIee nper"rn) ' -

JIHUTI nepeA

BToDbtM, Tperbl'lM H '{erBeprblM Ha3BaHI'tflMH qHQpH noqeMy-To

otcvtct"vtor. HageaHI'le KHHrI{ <<l{aplcxan> noBTOpqercfl

s cn"cxe-uerblpe pa3a. Taxnu o6paaou, 3Aecb He Hcnorb3y-

ercfl npr{eM O6leAuseHufl KHHr C OAHHM 3arflaBHeM' BCTpe'

uuloI.rr;la" e nepaofi qacrn. 3aro Aa'nee, no nropoft qacrn

<Eorocnosbua or cJIoBec> Bcrpeqalorcq cJIoBa <ToroxAe>

(ero xe) H <<raKolKAe> (raxoe xe),-sarueunnulu€ I'lMq aBropa

H 3anJIaBI{e, HanpnMep: <. . .47' flaynoeo noc'bJlaHre'

48. x purvr. Ipnr'r"nnnarur] roroxAe -K KopHQaHeM lKopHHQfl'

uaul. 49. roioxae noc'bJlaHHe. 50. ronoxAe x raJlaroM'

Si. io.o*ae x eSecnorra. 52. roroxAe K coJlyHflHeu' 53' ro-rox.u.e raKoxAe: 54. roroxAe x Tnn,ro0ey' 55' roroxAeTaKolKAe. . .>. Cnoao <<TaKoxAe> cxoAHo lo SHaqeHHIo c yno-

rpe6naeruuu ceroAHfl s o6.'beAI'lHeHHoM onHcaHHH o6o3Haqe-

HHeM <<TO )Ke>, a CJIOBO <TOrOxAe> - c o6o3HaqeHneM

<<dro xe>, BcrpeqatouuMcf HHorAa B coBpeMeHHblx KHHrax

B noAcrpot{Hblx npHMeqaHHflX I{ cnHcKax nHTepaTypbl'

floc.rle <boroc.rlosbua or cJIoBec> co3AaBaJII'tcb I'l Apy-

rue cnHcKH <<HcrNHHbtx> lt <JIoxHbIx> - {HHr .(6onrueBcero Hx noflBl'tJlocb s Poccnn n XVI-XVII ne')' Taxne

t2

crrHcKH BxoAHJIH, B qacrHocru, B cocraB Kopr'auux KHHr -c6opHtrxoa, BKJIIoqaBIITHx ycraBbr H nocraHoBreHldq BceJIeH-cKHx n MecrHbrx co6opoe H Apynne 3aKoHoAareJrbHbre Mare-pHaJrbr, cnyxaulHe pyKoBoAcrBoM npH ynpaBneHHr.t uepKoBbtoH B UepKOBHOM CyAe.

HHrepeceu nepeqeHb <JroxHbrx> KHHf B flonoAHHcxorraHoMoKaHoHe (XIV a.). 3Aecr Mbr BcrpeqaeM 3aqaroqHyroQopr'ry npnuevaunfi n.nn anuoraunfr. IIpHseAeM orpbrBoKH3 STOrO nepeVHR:5

Brnpool BapQoaonreonu x Eoropoauuu JroxHafl nHcaHHrr.EgaHre,rue or BapHaau. EeaHrerue or <Douut. Eperuqn cnHcaJrH.BsaeHne flasra anoctora. exe enHcrorbro HMeHyrorb.flapaannoueua Hepeuenua o nJreHeHHH vro op.lla crarH s BasH-JroH c rpaMororo x Hepeuen.

t' AaHHoM OrpbrBKe ponb npHMeqaHHH Hrparor cnoBa<IO}KHag nHCaHHfl>, <epeTLIUH CnHCaJII{>, <exe enHCTOJIbIOHMeHyroTb>, a cJIoBa <qTo opJla cJraJrH B BaBuroH c rpaMoTotoK HepeMeH> qBrflrorcq KaK 6br aHuoraur{eft, B Koropofr pac-KpbrBaeTcg coAep)KaHHe KHHTH.

Cnucxn <HcrHHHbrx> n <JloxHbrx> KHHr 6u.nn noueuteHurr.r B raK Ha3brBaeMofi I(upu.nnonoft KHure, Koropas HeoAHo-Kparuo nepenficbrBaJracb, a s 1664 r. 6una BrrepBbre Hane-qaraHa. B 1786 r. BbrutJto Bropoe ee H3AaHne (ero uHor4aHa3btBaIoT <<pacKoJIbHl.tr{bHM>>, TaK KaK oHo noflb3oBaJIocboco6oft nolynrpHocrbro cpeAn pacKoJrbHnKon). B cnucKax,noMeuleHHbrx B Heft, nocJle 3arraBHfl KHHrn HepeAKo AaeTcsee xapaKTepHcrHKa, HeqTo BpoAe aHHoTarIHH, HanpHMep;

flyruux KHHra B neftxe ecrr nncaHo o crpeqex xo6n [no.nxoaaune,raaaHHe no npr.rMeraM H ncrpeuau] BcflKHf, eperrqecxnq, H o qacexgo6putx l{ 3Jrbrx, exe ecrb 6orou orpeveHo, r.t o AHex JIyKaBblx,H qro B nepnufi aenb Jrynbl corBopeH 6ucrl AAau, To eperfiKfi Hartn-carr. A ue o nepaufi aeHb corBopH 6or Aaar',ra. flosexe conH(en nyHy H gsegAu He6ecHbln corBopn 60r B cpeAy, AAaua xe corBopH6or s nRrox.

Kax guAHo y)Ke r{3 caMHX npHBeAeHHblx HaMH rrpr.rMepoB,cBeAeHHrr o nHTepaType, noMer{aBHJHecfl B CnHcKaX <<HCTHH-

Hbrx>) H (<JroxHbrx> KHH[, He ffBJrrrJrHcb 6n6nuorpa$HqecKHMHOTIHCAHHSMH B NOAJIHHHOM CMbICJIC CJIOBA. BCC XC HA 3THX

5 fl u n n n A. H. Aln o6tRcHeHHfl crarbn o noxHbrx xuurax. c. 26.

l3

cnHcKax HeIb3g He ocTaHoBHTbCfl, nOCKOnbKy 6e3 HHX HeBO3-

MOX(HO AaTb npeACTaBJIeHHe O TOM, KaK BbIHIflAeJII{ nepBbleB Poccul,t yKa3areJlr.r KHLIr. HecMorps Ha npLrMI4rLrBHocrbcseAeHHfi o KHHrax B 3THx enncxax, yxe Ha caMoM paHHeM

srane pa3Burns 6u1nuorpaQtt s Poccnu cocraBLITeJIv rutvlnepenficr{HKH crlHcKoB <Ltcrt'tHHbtx> u <JIoxHbIx> KHnr o6uqgoHe MexaHfiqecKr.I 3aLIMCTBOBaJIII 3TH CBeAeHnq APYr y Apyra'HO nblTaJil{cb KaK-TO nO-CBOeMy peuaTb Bonpocbl oTpaxeHHRB crrHcKe rofi unn nHoft xsurx B 3aBHcIlMocrH or ee xapaKTepa.HHrepecHo raKxe orMeruTb, qro yxe r ApeauepyccrnfinepnoA HaqaJIH nupa6aruearbcfl t'l ncfloJlb3oBarbcfl orAeJIb-HbIe npneMbI, KoTopble notyqllnfi no3AHee IXHpOKOe npllMeHe-HHe s 6n6rHol'paQtuecxofi npaxrHxe, HanpI'IMep npu cocraB-JIeHHH cBoaHbtx MHororoMHblx usAaHNfi u o6leAnueHHblxonncaHnft, H Bo3HIIKJIH B 3aqaroqHoM BHAe np[MeqaHufl 'H

AHHOTAUHll.

Onncu KHlrr MonacrbtpcKxx 6tr6lnorer

B Poccltr, KaK n B crpailax 3anaAsofi Enponu, B crapnHycocraBJrtrJlticb onucn KHHn, HaxoAHBlIIltxcr s 6u6JtnorexaxorAeJrbHbrx uoHacrupefi. K coxaneHxIo, TaKHx onuceft,orHoctlqfixcr K nepHoAy Knencxoft Pycn, ne coxpaHHJlocb'xors oHr.r HecoMHeHHo cytuecrBoBanu yxe rorAa. Han6o.neecrapbre r{3 AolrreAuux Ao sac onnceft KHHr MoHacrblpcKax6s6rnorer Aarupylorcs XV-XVI BB. floao6no onrcf,M'cocraBrfleMHM s 3ana4xofi Enpone, oHll xapaKTepn3yK,rcfl'KaK npaBr{no, xpafiHeft npI{MHruBHocrsp' 3ro cBfl3aHo c reM'IITO ONfiCH HTPANN PONb HHBEHTAPHbIX CNHCKOB H KHITN B HHX

paccMaTpLrBaJII{Cb KaK qacTb MOHacTblpCKOro HMyuIecTBa'a coAepxanlle KHHr o6uqno He ItHTepecoBaJIo Hx cocraBHTe-;refi. Bo MHorr{x cnyqanx cBeAeHHfl o KHHrax npI'IBoAHJII'rcb

B OAHOM pflAy co cBeAeHHSMH O Apyrgx IIeHHblx npeLMerax.Tar, s co-crasreHHofi oro;lo 1429 r. orucll .Ilyuxoro Kpacuo-celrcxo-CnaccKoro MoHacrbtpfl SHaql'lrcfl: <. . . 4 HKoHbI

KoBaHbrH, a 3 rxoHut 3 BeHbuH; 2 rpnneHuqe 3oJlorblx, a l0 ce-

oe6ossux: KDecr ygAsl'IsarHHfi c KaMeHbeM; EgaHrenleiao"u"o", Anocrol, norost{Ha flponora, Octlor.nacHuK Becb,

VcraB, Knpn.n, Knrjra 3latoycr, Ilapeuu, MnHes' . .>>.6

6 Axru, orHoctulnecf, K Hcropull ganaanoft Poccl'ltl, co6panuuefi H3AaHHbte ApxeorpaSNuecKolo KoMnccuero. Cn6., 1846, r' l, c' 47'

l4

3Aecr KHHrH (EnaHrerne, Anocrol H Ap.) y[oMHHanrcqHAP'AY C HKOHAMI,I, ACHbTAMI,I, KPCCTOM.

B saqa.ne 1494 r. npu cAaqe HMyuecrBa apxnMaHApr{roMCnyuxoro Tpoluxoro MoHacrbrpr

-HocNQor,a, no.nyune.nu

caH enncKona Cuo.neHcxoro, 6ula cocraBJreHa olrucb, B Koro-poft noc.ne ynoMr.tHaHr.rq pa3rHqHbrx npeAMeroB galtHcaHo:<... a rHnn: IIpaeHJra BeJrHKHa, Vcran, Co6opHux nocrnulfi,Co6opHnx rogouufi, Co6opnux Xnrus cssiHx, 3uotoaa.florpe6xnxu ABa, C.rryxe6Hrrfi rpu, AopoQeft, eOieu,Huxog, Oeaop CryAur, Anorarunian, fpunopuir Cur,'aur',flca.nrupn B Aecrb, 9acoc.[ogeu), a AaJree flocJre AJrHHHoronepeqHs Apyrnx npeAMeroB (<4 cxareprn BeJtHKHx, a flflrasMaJIar...> n r. n.) cHoaa roBoprTcg o KHHrax: <A crapuxpeueft ueproBHbrx: Mnnefr ABaHaAqarb, Tpno4n Ase, EBaH-reJIHfl ABa rerpbr, flpenorn ABa, EsaHrerne roJIKoBoeqerbe, KHHxKa Jlecreaqa, Ceunog HosHri boroc.nos, Anocro;rT;.tp' a rpyrofi . onpaKoc, Vcras, Ilca;lrupa, flarepuxr rer{epcKHH._. .> (3aTeM cHOBa nepeqlcnqrorcs pa3HbtenpeAueru).7

flpneeAeuubre flpr.rMepbr noKa3HBanr, HacKonbKo cKyA_Hrt- 6unn cBeAeHHff o KHHrax, noMeluaBrrJr.tecff B onficqxXV s.: yKa3brBanncb roJtbKo 3arJraBHs HnH HMeHa aBropoB(nnurl B oAHoM cnyqae orMeqeH Qoprrlar); KHHrn, ,n,t'ero_ulxe o,u,HHaKoBHe 3ar.lraBHs, o6teAnus.nl.rcl (<florpe6-HHKH ABa>, <Clyxe6HuxN rpr{>, <MnHeft a"e"rauiru,n r. n.).

nosAnee craJrn cocraBJrtrb orAenbHHe onact,t oAHHx.nHttlb KHr.rr. KonH,recrBo KHr{r, nepeqHcnseMbtx B onl{cgx,6una;lo AoBoJrbHo BenHKo; Hanpuuep, onr{cb xHur Hoct69_BoroxolaucKoro MoHacrHpq coAepxur oxo.ro ii50 ;;;;;(ara onucr 6u.na cocraBJreHa s fSZg f., a B nocneAyorrrxeroAbl I]pHnHcbrBaJrHcb

^HoBbre KHHril; nocJleAHsfl npHnncxaorHocurcrf(.1593 r.). Onl,tcaHnq xsnn 6o.ilee noApo6xu, veuB onHcsx XV s.: noqrn BcerAa yKa3HBaerca eoprr,rar;

"'onn_caHr.rsx pyKonr{cHbrx KHrr B psAe cnyqaeB IIpHBOAHTCfl HMsnepenficqnxa, a ecra KHr,rra tBJrgercfl neqaruofi, 9To orMeqa_ercfl B o[[caHr.tH; qacro yfloMr{Haerc, aMR 6usr.[ero BJra_Aenbrla KHHrH (xepreoaare.nn); uHor4a npuBoAqrcq 3arra-Bl.rfl orAeJrbHbrx npon3BeAeuNfi, noMeueHHbtx B KHure. HJrr{ xeyKa3brBaercq Ko.IIflqecrBo rraB. B orAeJrbHbrx cJrvqaflx

7 Tar',r xe. c. 137.

l5

yKa3brBaercA LtMs nucua. B npueo4nMbrx Aaree [puMepaxMoxHo o6parHrs BHHMaHHe Ha yKa3aHHe, qro DH6nHq Hane-qATAHA H ABC TPHOAI,I H3AAHbI <KAXAA'IB AByX KHHTaX>.

llprnepu 13 onttcll xnur fiocrQo-Boaoxoaancxoro noHacrupn.s

EnaHre,nse neqarHoe rerpo B aecru Hurnru <DyHnroea.Esagrerne B Aecrb roJrKoBoe fieqarHoe, Aaqa 6HsuJero rryMeHa

VoacaQa JlyxoeHnroacxoro, a rnaa 77.EsaHrerHe neqarHoe Anparoc B Aecrb, AarHHe PoAuona

.IIHcuoea.6r.16lnn B Aecrb, neqarHar B aBa cronnqa, CnueoHa, en[cKona

Kpyruqxoro.KHnra 6H6rnq cJroBer, g Hefi xe Bce xHHrH Berxoro H Hosoro

saKoxa, nlrcbMo MoHacrbrpcKoro cnyrri Huxnrn <Deaopa JlanurrHa,B AeCTb.

KHrra s r{erBepTb, neqarr JlHtoscrar, a s Hefi nca.rlru AasH-roBbr, aa Egaure.nre rerp, Aa Anocro;r, aa Anoxalnncuc.

.[,ae rpuo4n fleqarHbrx B Aecrb, Kaxrag B .qByx KHfirax.

Cpean noAo6Hbtx onnceft Han6onblxnir uurepec nPeA:

craBJrfler onHcb KHHr Kr'rpu.n.no'beno3epcKoro MoHacrblps(xoneu XV n.). OnHct cocronr H3 AByx r{acrefi, HJIH pa3AeJIoB;

NOCJICAHHC JII4CTbI KAXAOfi qACTH YTPAqCHbI, TAK qTO HCJIb3fl

noJryqHTb nOJIHOTO [peAcraBneHHfl o BCeM ee o6leue. flep-Bafl r{acrb coAepxHr o6ilrnfi repeqeHb KHI4r (212 uazua'HHft) H cocraBJreHa no rHny HHBeHrapHbIx onHceft, Bo BTo-

pofi qacrn AaHa nocrarefiHan pocnilcb coAepxaHnn 24 c6op-H14KOB.

B nepaofi qacrtr onrcaHHq KHHr BKJIIoqalor 3arJIaBHe'

Qopuar, a HepeAKo u yKa3aHI{e Marepl'Iara, Ha KoropoM

KHHra HaIIncaHa firH HaneqaraHa: <Ha xapTHH> (nepraueHe)'<Ha 6yMa3e> (6yrrlare). HuorAa ynoMunaercq <<npo3BHrII.e>>

KHHrH (no nMeHH 6blBlllero ee BJIaAeJIbI(3_): <Kllnra XpncroQo-poBa>, <Co6opHttx OuroHnescxofi>, <HnxxQopoau KHI'IIH>>'

hpn onucauun c6opullxoB, HJIH KoHBoJIloroB, o6olvHo npuBo-

Ar.rrcf Ha3BaHHe nepBoro npoH3BeAeHHs: <ClepBa croBoJlapnoHoeo>>, <>. HsorAaoTMeqaeTcfl cocrogHue, B KaKOM HaXOAHTCfl KHHra: <<BeTXa>'

<<cTapa>>.

8 Onucu xnnn l4ocn6o-Bo;toxo,qaltcxoro MoHacrblps 1573 roaa' -grenuR n O-ae ncropnn u.{peeuocrefi poccnficxnx, 1847, xH.7' Orl" 4'Crr,recu, c. l.

l6

llprrepu rs neprof, {acr[ onrrclr xxnr Ktpxaro-Ee,norepcxoroiloHacTHpt

Asa ycraBa. E4uu B Aecrb. A apyrH B qerBeprb.

.II,sa anocroJa onpaKocbr B aecrb. Eanu ua 6yuaae, a apyroeHa xapruH.

Co6opnnx, C,toso s HaqaJIe Ko orqaqBueMycfl.Co6opnnr OHroHuencxofi. B gaqa.ne cJIoBo Ha B.naroseuteHHe.Ilcarrupn HaJrorrHaf, co 3.[aroM Ha xaprnH.Cggrqu KupHnoBbcKlre B ocMr.IHy Ha xapr[H..[a rnura Xpucro$opora B qerBeprb. C.roea cnepna or Hnxosa

IItlcaHbt.3epua.no lra xaprult, crapoe.

Ecnu nepeas qacrb no xapaxrepy onncaHurr He BbtAeJlff-eTcg cpeAH npotrHx onHcefi, To BTopaq 3aHHMaeT oco6oe MecToB LtCTOpHH OTeqeCTBeHHOTO KHHTOOnHCaHUfl. HruesHO 3Taqacrb no3BoJIHJIa H. K. Hnxo.ttscxouy, ony6rHKoBaBueMyoflr.rcb, xapaKTepH3oBaTb ee KaK <<3aMeqaTeJrbHbrfi 6H6nHo-rpaQHqecKHfi rpyA>, Koropbrfi <<HMeeT nepeA MHoTHMH H3 oA-HopoAHbIx pa6or npeHMyulecrBa c roqKH 3peHHrr 6u6nuo-rpaoHqecKofi rexsuxl.r >>.e

Kax npanHJro, npH onncaHuu c6opHHKoB yKa3brBarorcfl3ANJIABI,I'I BCCX CTATCft U TJIAB, A TAKXC HX HAqAJIbHb,IC CJIOBA,

orMeqaeTcfl KoJIHqecTBo JIHcToB, 3aHqrbtx cTaTbeti HJIH rnaBofi,H HX HyMepaur4fl. 3arraBvfl LI HaqaJrbHbre cJroBa cTarefi H

rJraB npHBoAqTcfl c HoBoft cTpoKr.r. 3arJIasHs crareri HanHcaHbrKI,IHOBAPbIO, qTO BbIAEJ'IflET HX H3 OCHOBHOTO TCKCTA. KUHO-Bapbn )Ke nHrxyTcfl Ha norltx cTpaHHII HoMepa fJIaB, TaM )Ke(uo ue KnHoBapbro, a npocrbrMu uepuu,nalru) flpocraB"rrflercflKOTHI]ECTBO JIIlCTOB. 3AHqTbIX CTATbEfi HJIH TJIABOft.

Turarenluo H3yqHB rexHHKy orrucaHnr no aropofi qacrtronucu, H. K. HnxoJrbcKHfi cAeraJr BbrBoA: <<Vnorpe6neHHnre3AeCb npHeMbr B cBoefi coBoKynHocTH npHMeHsJrHcb o6pa3-UoBbrMLr 6u6.nuorpaQaMr{, Hanp. JIau6euueu, MoHSoxoHorrl,fapArou, EauAasn, Marreu u .u.pyrHMH, AoceJre yAepxaBa-nTcs npH HayqHoM orrHcaHnr{ cTapr.rHHbrx pyxonuceft u noKa-3btBatoT, qTo Mbt HMeeM Aer'to He c o6btqHbrM KaTaJlort43aTopoMMOHaCTbtpCKUX 6n6nUOreK, a C Bbt nodl H HTeJIeM BbrAarouef OCq

AJrfl cBoero BpeMeHH 6u6;ruorpa$xqecKoro rpyAa)>.10

e Hr-rxoarcxHftH.MOHaCTblpq, cocTaBJIeHHOe B

KHHII{ HAMH 3AUMCTBOBAHbIro Talr xe, c. XX.

2 H. A. Hlxrrfopoocxaa

K. Onacanne pyxonucefi I(r.rpH,uro-be;ro3epcKoloxoHqe XV sexa. Cn6., 1897, c. XII. - Hs eroinpHBoaHMbre 3aecb npHMepbr.

ta

H. K. Hsrolscxnfi conocraBnJr coAepxaHHe n oco6eu-uocru oQopMJreHHfl 14 c6opnnxoe (rs rex, Koropbre 6unupacrrHcaHbr no nropoft uacrr.r) c nx onucaHnsMn H 3aKnroqur:<ApenHr.rft 6n6.rrnonpa$ AoBoJrbHo roqHo BocnpoH3BoAHnHaqarbHbre cJtoBa xaxAoft nJraBbI, co6.nroAas HepeAKo AaxeopQorpaQnro HX, Bepno noAcqnTbrBafl KoJrr{r{ecrBo JtHcroB,3aHrrbrx KaxAoro rJtaBoro, vt, coo6pasuo c HyMepauuenB pyKonr.rcqx, o6o3uauaJr nopgAoK Hx r.rraB. HHorAa npr.t 3ToMoH BeJI AsofiHofi cqer: noA Ne or.u,erlnofi r.[asH oH BHoCHJIqenyo rpynny cJloB tr noyueuuft Ha H3BecrHbrft Aest roAa>.ll

H. K. Hnxo.nlcxnfi orMerHJt raKxe, qro 3arJraBr,tfl, AaxeAJrHHHbre, HepeAKo Bocnpor.t3BoAHJracb <so Bceft [oJIHore>,Ho o6uqso oHH Bce xe coKpaqaJlncb, B HHx onycKaJtocb BceHecyxlecrBeHHoe. B To xe BpeMs, coKpaulaq 3arraBr.tg,cocraBHTeJrb onHcH <cpaBHHTenbHo peAKo norpeuan npoTHBgcHocrl.t>,l2

flpmrepn re eropof, qacrr onilctt xutr l(lpnaao-EoroaepcxoroiloHacTbrpt

B HeAeap Mrconycruyro. Hnno.nura H MyqeHHKa nanbr pnMbcKoto.O cxonuante uupa

flonexe y6o 6.naxenur npopour.t orqn

Oxra6pr 24. My.lexue ApeQu 1a Hxe c HHM.B .nero qecapr Hycrnaua Xpucrban6troroMar 12. flosecru HoauHa flpeaaurepa KocrqHrtlHa rpaAa o xn-

rnn'npeno4o6Horo EnrQanxs apxuenHcKona KnnpucxoroJlro6ruuul.r qrt y6o EnnQanuu

Mapra 17. Xarae qerogexa 6oxr.rs AlexceuaEe qerosex 6.raroaepeH B pHMcreM

B npunepax He aocnpousaodnrca 4uQpw, o6oanauatouquefloilep araau u KoJtuqecTSo SaEuilaeildx e,o .ltucTog,

Hecuorpa Ha ro, qro 14 B XVII B. cBeAeHHr o KHHrax,npHBoALtMbre B onHcrx MoHacTbrpcKl.rx 6u6lnoreK, flpoAon-xaJlr.r ocTaBaTbcfl AoBonbHo cKyAHbrMH, Bce xe Ha npaKTHKenocTeneHHo ycTaHoBHncq 6onee HJtr.r MeHee onpeAeneHHHfio6'beM gTr{x cBeAeHr.tfi: OopMar, 3ailraBt,te (s corpaqenHouBr.rAe), uMfl aBTopa, MaTepHaJr, Ha KoTopoM KHHra Ha[HcaHanJrH HaneqaTaHa. IdHorAa oTMeqalocb cocTosHHe KHHru, ee

rr Tau xe, c. XXV.12 Tau xe. c. XXV-XXVI.

l8

AeSeKTHocrb (<<eetxa>>, <<JrHcrbt noBHApaHH> n r. n.L oco6eH-HOCTT.I nHCbMa (<<CXOpOnUCHafl>, <<nilcbMo ne.nuxo>>). B orAenr-Hbtx cJtyrlaflx orMeqaJlocb I{l.lcJlo rJIaB, KOJIHTIeCTBO CTpOK Ha

crpaHnue (us ABaAuarb crpox>), yKa3btBaJlocb IlMnnepenncqlrKa Hilvt 6srsuJero BJIaAeJIbua KHHrI{ ()KeprBoBa-rera). flpu onHcaHHH c6opHnxoe HHorAa npHBoAHJIHcbgarJraBLrfl orAeJrbHbrx npor{geeAeHHfi (o6uuuo nepBoro ilnocJreAnero), nxo4nnurnx n c6opHvtr, ulrrl xe Ha3btBaJIHcbToJrbKo HMeHa aBTopoB. Bce aru cBeAeHHfl cnoco6crgosafltlnAeurnSuxaur.ru KHnr. OAgaxo Bce eure BcrpeqaJlucb H raKneKparKne onncaHns, Ha ocHoBaHHI.t Koropbrx rpyAuo 6unonoHgTb, KaKafl HMeHHO KHHIa HMe.[aCb B BHAy.

Hs onuceft KHrlr MoHacrbrpcKux 6n6;tnorex 3acnyx(IlBaeroco6ono ynoMr,rHaH.Hq <Onncr KHHraM, B creleHHbtx MoHa-crbrpflx HaxoAHBruHMcfl>, cocraBreHHaq no yKa3y IIarpHapxaHnxoua e 1653 r. c ueJlbto o6lerqurt AyxoBHbtM BracrqMsarpe6oaaHue H3 MoHacrupeft neo6xoAl-ttvtltx Arq HcnpaBre-Htlfl, e Mocrse 6oroc.nyxe6Hutx KHHr. OHa BKJIIoqaJIa2672 pyccxue KHHrH Ns 39 cteneHHbtx MoHacrupefi I't sBHJIacbno cyurecrBy nepBbrM cBoAHbIM KaraJlot'oM 6a6nnoter, co-craBJreHHbrM n Poccr.rr.r. Mgorue onucaHHfl s Heft AoBoJIbHonoApo6Hu. B t{acrHocrn, nopax(aer rlqareJlbHocrb xapaK-TepxcrHKH 6onaro oQopuleuubtx KHHr, no3BoJIHlotu,aq cyALITbo Hx qeHHocrH H orJrlrqHTb Hx or ApyrHx c reM xe 3arJIaBHeM(uanpuruep, <EaaHre.nue>). OAHaxo pflA onHcaHufi upee-Mepno KparoK, coAepxnr oAHo 3arflanue. Bcrpeuaercfl Aax(e3alrHcb: <<TpnArrarb rpr,t co6opHlrxa> (xaxne HMeHHo<co6opHllxa>, Her{gBecrno). Oruacrr.r raKoe pa3Jlr.rqne B onH-caHnsx o6tgcHqrocb r.rHAr.rBr.r,u,yaJrbHbrM [oAxoAoM cocraBn-releft r xapaKrepncruKe orAeJrbHbrx KHr.rf (Han6o.nee rleHHHeKHHn{ ottr.rcbrBarr,rcu noapo6Hee). B gHaqnte.nuuofi MepeorcyrcrBne noJrHoro eAHHcrBa n or6ope caeAeHufi, npHBoAH-MbIx B onucaHl,ru, 6nr.no pesyrbraroM Toro, qro KHHTLI flocry-naflH Lr3 pa3Hbrx rrrOHaCrUpefi (u n onucn KHHrH pacnoJloxeHblno MoHacrbrpnu), onucaHHs cocraBJrflJlHcb pagHbrMH JIIoAbMn,ue 6uln corJlacoBaHbr Me)KAy co6ofi.

<<Onucr KHI,IraM, B creneHHbtx MoHacrbtpflx HaxoAI.{B-

rrruMcs>> 6u.na ony6.nuKoBaHa B. M. Vnaorlcxntut.13 flo arofiny6.nnxauun I,r Aatorcr npHBoAHMbte HHx(e npuMepbl.

" Vnao.rrbcKrfi B. M. Onucl xnnrau, B crerleHnblx MoHacrblpsxHaxoaHB[rHMcq, cocraBJreHHas s XVII BeKe. - 9reHfiq s O'ne HcropnEn 4penHocrefi poccttficxttx, 1848, xs.6, ota.4. Cuecn, c. I-lV, l-44.

2r 19

flprnepu rg <Onncu KHrtraM, B crenennHx riloHacrHptxHaxo[||B[tfittcgD

fpueopun Eoeocaoaa nHcMeHafl ua Aaexcax4psficxoft 6olnuofi6yMare, 3acraBKH t,| npoIIHcHHe cr'toBa flHcafibr 3oJroroM, 3acTaBKHy cJroB TaQTa qepBqarafi, oKono KaMKH nHcaHo 3onoroM It KpacKaMH,c HaqaJra y KHrlfu o6pas xHeouaqaJrHbre Tponr{br, 4a o6paa fpmopnnDorocrona, B Jnruax, no o6pesy 3oJroqeHo, cepe4Heft nJraulb fi Ha-ytonHHKH lr 3acrexx[ cepe6pnuue pe3HHe, a ua Hcnoasefi qxeHayronbHHKH u nocepeab nnail{a MeAHbre, o6oroqeHbr 6apxarouqEDBqATbIM.'

KHnra Hurconcxoe npasur,o, B Aecrb, Ha 6yuare, ga,rn I{apar Be.ruxoro KHqgs HsaHa BacurtesHqa Bceg PycHH, Bo BJlaranHulxAepeBflHHOM, 3a 3aMKOM.

l\uura l(opnuer, B aecrb, Ha 6yr"rare A.rercaH1plrficxofr, a g ua-qane npaBln n noc,rasefi I I I raas, 3asraBuua nncaHa KpacKaMu,or 3aAHHe Acklt nncaHo c,roBo o epernqex, Aaqtr crapqa HoacaQaI(uponxoaa.

l(nnra gcrae, B Aecrb, Ha 6yMare, a B HeM 70 r,nas, Aa B HeM xer.naou Mapxa epoMoHaxa, rJras 83, or 3aaHue rrKlr Ha nocJreAueM nncrycrnx: pa1ocru npunrerruule. D,a\u Kenapfl crapqa Anpaunrfla.nuqusa.

Ksura JI ecrou4a, B nonAecrb, Ha 6y*rare, a v nelt IIerp!,ailacKuH,Aa Cuileot uoeotti Eoeocloa, 3acraBnqa nucaua 3onoroM, flporuB3acTaBHqH JIeCTBHqa nHCaHa.

KHHra s aecrb, Ha 6yuare, Mapeapur, a B HeM 3acraBr{ua flrcaHa3oJroroM, B HaqaJre nrcara 6eceda o Henocruscur4or't.

KHura s Aecrb, Ha 6yuare, 6eceda Haana Eozocaoaa, cr<o-ponlrcHar, noBoJroqeHa B 3arbrJroK. Mnrponoaura lloacaSa.

KHura s nonaecrb, Co6opnurc, B Heft l9 rJraB, BgaqaJre: ttcuruecBflrbrx Munodopot u Murpodopat u HunQodopw.

Kgrra s 6o.nuryn lecrb, Koarra llndunontoa, B JIHI{ax, AatBKnaay H3 oBoxrHoro pqry roproBblfi qeJosex @or{a.

lUecrr xnur Muaei ueceqrllx qerbux, Bo Becb roA, B Aecrb,B Koxax qepHbrx cstosyr Xa6apoacKue.

Ilarepu If ca.n.nat naaudoaw, oAHH Ha xaparbe.TpH4qaru rpn KHfiru Co6opnurcoe.Tpn rHurn lloaca$a Qapeauua.

B 1675 f. ro yKa3y narpnapxa hoarnua 6u.na cocraBJleHa<<Onncu I'pevecxnu, lpexo-JlaruHcKHM, flo;ttcxllltt u CnoBeH'cKHM neqarHbrM H rrHcbMeHHblM KHHraM, B3flTblM H3 I4BepCKOI'OnoABopbf H H3 BocKpeceHcKoro MoHacrblpfl a flarpnapurynpH3Hylo Ka3Hy>. 3ra onHcb raKxe 6u.ita ony6nHKoBaHaB. M. VsAo.nrcxHt',t.la Osa BKJtroqara 551 xHnry. OcHosHas

l{ Onncu KHHfaM, nocrynuB[IHM n flarpnapuryn pfi3Hyto Ka3Hy, cocraB-,'reHHar cnpaBurHKoM MoHaxoM EoQnr'rueru/ I4,ga.B. Ysao'nscxnft. M., 1847. -flpnno4uuue HaMn npnMepu onncasufi 3aHMcrBoBaHbI re ny6anxaqluB. M. VHao.nucxoro.

20

qacrb 6brfla noAroroBJleHa cnpaBUIHKOM fleqarHoro ABOpa

B MocKBe MoHaxoM EaQuunerra, nocneAoBare.neu EnuSaHnnC.nasfiHeuxoro, a ue6o.nlurofi no o6leuy nepeqeHb KHHr

He B ocxpeceHcKono MoH acrbl pr cocraBJIeH pnsHnu n nn. Ho.aKH H -

$orra. OnucaHHfl cocraBJleHbl Ha pyccKoM q3[,lxe. flo QoptrleoHH cxo,u,Hbt c oIIHcaHHtlMH, noMeureHHblMu s <Onuclt KHHraM,

B CTeneHHblx MoHacrblpflx HaxoAI4BlllHMCfl)>' HO, KaK npaBHJlo'

MeHee AeraJIbHbr. OAHornngue KHHrH o6leAnHsancb, o BTopoH

KHHre AeJ'laJIacb 3arlHcb <Apyraf raKoBa xe>. B nepeqHe

KHHI, B3srbtx ne BocxpeceHcKoro MoHacrbtpfl, B onHcaHHH

HepeAKo orMeqarcq cnoco6 nl4cbMa (<c.xoponucHag>, <<ycra-

eoiur>). Ec.nn KHHra ttBrfld'lacb rleqarHofi, ero TaK>xe yKa3H-

BAJIOCb B ONHCAHHH.

Ilpnuepu rs (Ortnctr fpetecxnx, fpero-JlarnHcxlm, IloJtlcxxu u

Caoneucxnm neqaruHi{ ll ttllcbileHnblm KHHtail. ' '>

a) ug ocHosHoft qacru

ApucroQan, fpeuecrufi, neqatHofi, B Aecrb' rpl-l KHHTH.

Apucroreaeew aBe KHI{rll, fpeuecrue, neqarHble' B noJlAecrb'B Koxe, 6eg aocox,

Apucroreteaot xe qerHpe xHIlru, fpero'Jlatnncxne' neqarHble'B aecrb, s 6eJoft xoxe.

Etppena Cupuna KHnra, xaparefiuan, fpevecKatl' B Aecrb,6eg Haqara n 6es aocor.

Hoaxnurca HepoMouaxa Kaprana, KHHra neqarHar, fpeuecxar,B qeTBepTb, flepeAHfis aocKH noJIOBI'lHb'l Her.

JIekcurcon' lpero-JlarnHcxnfi, B Aecrb' neuarHuft, ApyfasTaKOBa Xe.

6) us nropoft ,racrn

Ksura Anruaxa, nrcara noJlyycraBoM' B aecrb,Kuura usr,oilceHue oTqeril aa JInroput, cKOpOnHCMeHHas,

B non.[ecrb.Kuura Hoauua 3narogcroeo,6eceau, ttncMo crapuHgoe, B Aecrb'

Kpoue onncefi KHHr MoHacrblpcKux 6n6.nnorex ts cyule-CTBOBaJTH H OnHCH KHI4r, HaXOAHBtUHXCtI B TIpHXOACKHX

l5 Heaocratox Mecra He Aar't Bo3MoxHocrn ocraHoBnTbct Ha onHcaHHtx,npoBoauMblx s ony6.nuxonaHHblx B uaruefi neqaru MarepnaJlax H nocBq-

urenubtx onHcqM KHHr MoHacrblpcxux 6u6'nnorex. Tarue MarePI{aJIbI no Mo-

HacrbrpcKHM 6tt6.rnorexaN pyccKoro Cenepa uoxuo naiirn' B qacrHocrH'

B rDvnax M. B. KyxyruxltHoft, sHueauHx H3 neqarll cpaBHHTeJlbHo HeaaBHo

1cil.i KyKytuxnHa M. B. l) Onncn xnxr-XVI-XVII ss.6H6ruoreruAHroHHe'eo-Cnftcxoro uouacrblpt. - B xH.: Marepnarbr H coo6uleHuq no

2l

uepKBax (onu ncrpeqan?cq B TaK Ha3brBaeMbrx nucuoBbrxKHHrax H B cAaroqublx 3anr{cKax qepKoBHbrx crapocr).flo xaparrepy orrucaHnft oHN B pflAe c.dyvaen He ycrynaJrr.roflllcflM MouacrbrpcKux 6u6nworex. Ha 3TLlx onncaHHrrx MbtHe ocTaHaBJruBaeMcg, nocKoJlbKy H3yqeHHe apxHBHbIx MaTe-pHanoB He BxoAr.rJro B Harxy 3aAaqy.

HeAocrarox Mecra He no3BoJrHJr HaM paccMorperb onucr.rKHHr, nocryrrHBrur.rx s Iloconrcxnft npuxas,l0 onucu uapcKnx6n6.nuorex 17 u Hexoropbre Apyrne.

-Moxxo orMernTb, qro

onHcaHHs B Hr.tx qBJIflJIHCb elqe MeHee coBeprxeHHbrMH, qeMB onHcsx MoHacrbrpcKl.rx 6n6lnorex.

cVxaeeq) Apcenrn Bucororo

Or rosua XVI s. Ao Hac AorrreJr gHAaroutnfic s 6u6nuo-rpaQavecxut_r.pya - <Vxasequ (r. e. yxaaarelt), cocraB-resHuft s 1584 r. KHr.tfoxpaHrreJreM Bbnoro4cxoio Cnaco-flpn.nyuxoro MoHacrbrps MoHaxoM ApceHnerrr Bucoxnu.9ror rpya npeAcraBnfler oco6uft uHrbpec B orHorueHunnpuMeHeHHoft__s Hen MeToAHKH 6a6.nxorpae[qecKoro orrHca-uxs. Tercr <Vxasua> 6url ony6;rnxoBaH H. A. LlI.nsnKHHbtM,rrpeAnocnaBuHM H3AaHHTO npeAficnoBHe, B KoTOpOM paCcMaT-pHBarorcfl oco6eHsocrr{ rpyAa ApceHna Bucoxono, B qacrHo-cTLl, xapaKTepH3yIoTcs npHBeAeHHbte B HeM onucaHns.ls

CosAaeas <Vxa3eq>, ApceHnfi Bucornft nocraBnJr nepeAco6oft 3a,qaqy Aarb cBoA crareft, rJraB t,t orpbrBKoB, oro6pau-Hbrx AJIn ycraBubrx qrennft B MoHacrbrpe B TeqeHHe BceroroAa {no cJroBaM caMoro cocraBnTeJrs: <<rtro Ha xoropuft AeHuqrercq Bo Becb roA>). C erofi ueJrbro nu 6u.no pacnucaHooKoJto 40 <qertuxu (r. e. [peAua3HaqeHHbrx A.llf qreHufl,

EqHAlM- grAgrra .pyronncHor? n pe4xoft xsnru 6u6.lnorerr Axa4eunr{ HayKCCCP. M.; JI., 1966, c. 122-142;2) MoHacrupcrae 6u6ruorexn pyccxoioCeaepa. n., rc77\.

16 Onrct KHilf, nocrynHBruux n llocolrcrnfi nptxaa, a raKxe pfla apyrr.rxonncefi ony6.nnKoBaHbr n xu.: EenoKypoB C. A. O 6u6nnoiixaxMocroscxux rocyaapefi n XVI cro.lernt. M., 1898.

" Onucu KHUI uapcKnx 6u6luorer XVII s. ony6nnxoeauu n xH.:3 a 6 e.l n H H. E. ,Il,orrrauruufi 6ur pyccrux qapefi e XVi u XVII cr. 4-e ngA.c aon. M., 1918.tt Lllrcnxtrn H. A. Vxaseq KHunoxpaHHreJrx Cnaco-llpnJryqKoroMonacrbrpq Apcenux Bucoxoro 1584 roaa. [Cn6.], l9la.

22

B orJtflqle or 6orocnyxe6Hux) c6opHuxoe, a Becb Marepuanpacnonarancfl no MecflqaM H qI{CJIaM, B KOTOpble CJIeAoBaroquTarb ror uJlH aHoft rexcr.

3saqesxe rpyAa ApceHua Bucoxoro AJIfl HcropHH oreqe-crBeHHono KHHnoorlHcaHHfl q pe3Bbtqa ft no Be.IIHKo. <Apceunti,-rrucar H. B. 3Ao6nog, - BnepBbte cpeAu pyccxnx 6n6nno-npaQoa npHMeHHJI TaK Ha3btBaeMbtfi ,,aHarnruqecxuft" MeroAonxcaHHfl KHur>.19

OcHoaHHe npr.ruqnndr o[l{caHHR s <yKa3ue> TularenbHonpoAyMaHH H nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHO npoBeAeHbl .cocraBHTeJIeM.flocne Hrpalouero po.nl py6pnKH yKa3aHHq Mecsua t,t qHcJIa

(H,'ur uepxonHoro HaHMeHoBaHHr HeAeJIH, HalrpuMep: ) npHBoAHTcfl Ha3BaHfle rJIaBbl,craTblt HJlr.r oTpbrBKa, HepeAKo yKa3HBaeTCq LI HOMep rJIaBbl,xoropsrft nHuerce KHHoBapbto. !,a.nee Aatorcq cBeAeHHflo c6opulrxe, B KoropoM noMeureHa crarbr HJIH rJIaBa, npngrol{ o6uqHo orMeqaercfl ero Qopuar: <, , ; B pflAe cnyqaeB ynoMHHaercs xapaKTepc6opHnra: ; HHorAa c6opxltxHa3brBaeTcs no HMeHH JII{ua, KoropoMy npI.lnHcblBaeTcqaBTopcrBo HJtr.t nocBrrrleu c6opullx: , , , IIJIH xe <npo3BHure> c6opHura, HanpllMep: (<npoanuqe> c6opHnra:<<KHsxe,[,uttrnrpuercxnfi >) ; HepeAKo orMeqaercfl MarepHaJI'Ha KoropoM HanHcaH c6opHl'tx: <co6opnHx xaparefinufi>;xapaKrepr.I3yercfl sHeuHHft BHA c6opHnxa: <nepennereHB 3arburoK> (<sarunox> - KopeuoK), <<o6o.noueH Hpxolo>(<npxa> ilnH <HpreHb>,-MarepHaJI HanoAo6ue 3altrun),<o6oloqeu rpacHofi xoxeft c xyKH> (<xyxtt> - BHnyKJIbleyKpaueHfir Ha [epenrere) u r. n. Buecro yKa3aHI4r HoMeparJraBbr B pflAe cnyqaeB oTMeqaeTcfl MecToHaxoxAeHHe rJIaBbl(u.nn craru) n c6opnnKe: <<or 3aAHHq AbUKH> (<or saAuefrAocKH>, r. e. or gaAHefi KpbrIxKH nepenJlera; <AbuKa>), HJIH

<<AocKa>,- nepen.ner), <To eMy H HaqaJIo>), <<g oAHoft rrasecrosr> r4 T. n. Hacro B KoHIle olrficaHnfl npHBoAHTcff 3arJIaBHenepBoro npoH3BeAeHHq, BKJIIoqeHHoro n c6opttt'tx: >

u r. n. Bcrpeuaercfl Aaxe raKoe yKa3aHHe: <Ta ncaJlTblpb

re 3ao6Hoe H. B. Hcropua pyccxoi 6n6atonpaQua ao HaqaraXX s. 3-e uga. M., 1955, c. 31.

23

xnBer (r. e. Haxo4nrcn) n Kerbe y [rryMeHa Ceprun>. Bo uso-rux cryqasx ynoMnHaercr: <.Croso <ABoeKpanHsufi> H. A. IIInnninH o6tqcHqer: >.

flpuao4urraue B onHcaHHH cBeAeHHff AaBailu Bo3Mo)KHocrbnafiru HyxHurfi c6opnnx cpeAa flpoqHX KHHI H orbrcKarb B HeMTeKcr, npeAHa3Haqesuufi Arfl qreHr.rn B onpeAeJresHufi AeuuHeAe,'r H. llp a saa, coBpeM eH HoM y qurareJlo rrJtt 6u6.n uorp aQyonHcaHHfl g <Vrague>> Moryr noKa3arbcf AoBoJrbHo npHMHTHB-HbrMH, Ho, KaK orMeqaer H. B. 3ao6HoB, <<npHMHrHBHocrb(c coeper'reHHofi roqxH epenHn) raKnx 6n6,rnorpa$Hr{ecKHxyxasaHaft onpeAeJrrJracb JrnTeparypHbrM crHJreM Toro Bpe-MeHH, a raK)Ke n oco6eHuocrflMH pyKorrHcHbrx pyccxHXKHHr>.2o Kport,te roro, KaK Mbr ynoMHHaJrH, nepeA cocraBnTe-JleM CTOgJIa BnOJIHe KOHKpeTHag 3aAar{a - co3AaTb cBoeropona Kpyr qreHHs Ha MarepHaJre QoHAon uoHacrupcxofi6n6lsorexz, H 3Ty 3aAar{y oH BbrnoJrHHJr AocraroqHo rula-TeJIbHo n xna.nnQuqHpoBaHHo.

MoxHo yrroMflHyrb o roM, .rro ecru pqAoM s <yKa3ue>noMeulaJlHcb crarbH H3 oAHoro H Toro xe c6opHHxa, To co-cTaBHTeJrb B nepBoM onHcaHHH npHBOAHJt KaKHe-TO CBeAeHHflo AaHHoM c6opHHxe, a B nocJleAynutnx onncaHHtrx 3anHcbt-BaJI: >, <<n co6opHHKe B ToM )Ke>>,

<<n co6opHuxe B ToM )Ke AecroBoM>> (r. e. e Aecrl), <<n rofi xeKHHre>, >. 3Aecl HcnoJrb3oBaH npHeM,xoropsrfi unpoKo npnMeHflercfl B Harue BpeMfl, a HMeHHo -3AMCHA B AHAJIHTHqCCKOM ONHCAHI,IH HAHMEHOBAHHfl HCTOq-uuxa (npr noBTopHoM ero ynoMHHaHnn) cronaMr, <<raM )Ke>.

Ilpxnepn xe (yt(a3qa, Apceuxn Bucoxoro

Mecqqa anpLtJtr.ts n I AeHu. Xurue cssrux u npeno4o6uunMarepu nanrea Mapun Erunercrofi. B xnure n cxurcrofi nareparle,B AeCTb, OT 3aAHHf, AbqKH.

Mecqqa uafis n 2 Aeua. 06 y6ueulru cloao Eopucy u f;re6y.B co6opuuxe B rroJrAecrb, B HaqaJ're orono feoprur Crpacrorepnqa,6 ;rncr.

Mafiq e 3 ,u.ens. Xurue npenogo6noro orqa Haurero @eoaocllRIlevepcxoro. B narepxqe nevepcxofi, B noJrAecrb, ro eMy u HaqaJlo.

Mafiq Mecqua s 28 AeHs. Xart.le csqrua u npeno4o6sr,ra Or-aoQefi. B co6opuuxe, B noJrAecrb, B Koxrl B qepHon, B Haqare MyueuneCrpacrorepnqa f eoprua.

Maftq s 30 aeuu. Xnrue Hcaaxnq Aalrtrarcroro. B co6oDuuxeB ABOeKpaHHOM.

20 Tau xe, c. 32.

24

lTlr,as n 8 AeHr. Myuerue cBsroro BennxoMyrrenfira flpoxonnn.B co6opuure, B r,ecrb, B HatraJre Xrrtre HoaHua 3aaroycroro.

Hlors s l0 aeHr. Myvenue cBsrux 45 rrryuennxon. B co6opnnxeB TOM XE.

Cenrr6pn a 27 1esr. KasoHu H xnrne npeno.qo6Roro Casarlrq,coJtoBer{Koro qntrorBopqa. B co6opaaxe, B flonaecrb, rrepennerenB 3arbr.noK, Xurug coJloBeqKnx qpAorBopqeB,

B noHeAerbHHK cBerJlbtr HeAeJln. r{reune s EaaHrerfiH ToJtKoBoM,rJraBa 31. Aa sa cBerJroe BocKpeceHne Xpucroeo c.rros 41. B co6opHuxenocrHoM, rrasa 24. Aa EsaHrenue Haqrerqa qecrn ronxogoe l,loauHaborocaosa. !,a na nacxe Bacuaua Belaxoro ABa cJoBa. B xHurefpnropHfi 6ece4onnuxa, B lonaecrb, tnasa 7..,

(OrnaBreuHe KHlrr, Kro lrx cJroxnJr) Cnarnecrpa Me4ne4eaa

B ncropnr.r Hauefi oreqecrBeHHoft 6N6.nuorpaQnfi coBep-rxeHHo oco6oe MecTo rrpHHaAJre)KHT TpyAy <<OrJraBJreHHe KHHr,Kro Hx cJroxHJr> (1665). Sror rpyA npHnficbrBaJrcfl pa3HbrMJIHUaM, HO B HaCTOgUIee BpeMfl TOCnOACTByeT TOrrKa 3peHHf,corJracHo Koropofi aBTopoM <ornasreHHfl> 6Hfl BbrAarorqHficflAeflreJrb pyccKoro npocBeuIeHHfl, coparHHK cuueoua flolou-Korot no3T, ny6nurrucr H neAaror Cnnreecrp MeAeeAes.

Crruoecrp (ao npunnrHfl MoHa[IecrBa - Cnnneos Ara-$onxHxoauu) Me4ee4ee (1641-1691) poluncn e Kypcre.Tar,r oH HaqaJr pa6ory clepBa B Ka'{ecrBe nHcua, noroM -noAbflr.rero. floeAHee MeAseAee nepeexaJr B MocKBy, rAeB reqeHHe pflAa .ner cJry)KHJr n flpnxaae raftHbrx AeJr. B 1665 r.oH nocrynHn B [rKony, co3AaHHyo cnueoHoru llo,noqxnu,nAe yqnJrcfl JrarbrHH H rpaMMarnKe. Mexqy MeAeeAeeH[a H

flo.nouruu ycraHoBHJracb recHas Apyx6a, ltpoAonxaBurascqAo cMepru flo.nouxoro (a 1680 r.). OcraanB B 1672 r. npr-Ka3Hyro AeqrerbHocrb, MeAseAes rrpHHflJr MoHauecrBo.B 1678 n. oH 3aHqr AoJrxHocrb cnpaBurHKa fleqarHoroABopa, 2t 6y1yun B To )Ke BpeMs Hacroqrereu 3auxosocnac-cKoro MoHacrbrpfl, npH KoropoM ocHoBaJr cBoro r.uKony. floc.necBepxeHHfl Co$u MeAseAee 6u.n npuuerreH K cyAy rro AeJrylllaxrosnroro KaK yqacrHl.rK 3aroBopa npornB flerpa, aaro-ueu n Tpor.rqe-CeprueBofi .nanpe, a B 169l r. Ka3HeH.

OAHH lrs san6o.nee o6pasoeauubrx H HaqnraHHbrx JrtoAeftcBoero nperuenn, MeAeeAen 6un gHaroxoM KHilrH, BJraAe.rrbrleM

2l B o6qsanHocru cflpaBuu{Ka BxoanJro peaaKrnpoBaHue pyxonucefir.r '{reHne KoppeKryp. .[,onxuocrs cnpaBquKa 3aHHManH cauue o6pasonan-HbIC JIIOAH.

25

6orruroft 6n6ruorexn, n cocraB xoropofi nocJle cMeprHCurueosa flo.noqxoro BoruJra u eno 6n6lNoreKa. flpn cocran-JTeHHH <Or.nasreHHs> MeAeeAeB rxnpoKo norb3oBaJrcR csoeft6u6rHorexoft, xotx BKJIroqar B Hero u raKne KHHrr{, Koropbreu uefi orcyrcrBoBaJru.

Texcr <Or.nasreHuq> 6bt.lt ony6.nnxonaH B. M. VHAolr-crr.rM co Bcry[HTenbHofi crarreft <Cnnunecrp Me4ne4ea, oreqpyccxoft 6n6ruorpaQnn>. B grofi crarre 6u;ro nogpo6nopaccMorpeHo H <OrrasreHxe>.22

<OrnasneHue KHr{r, KTo ux cJIoxHJt> flpeAcraBnger co6ofi6n6.nnorpaQuqecxnft yKa3arenb scefi ussecrnoft MeAeeAegynr{reparypbt. OHo coAepxnr cBeAeHHs o npoH3BeAeHHrx(xHnrax n craruax) oKoJro 200 arropoB, a raKxe o6 anosnu-Hbrx KHHrax. flpucrynan K cocraBJreHHro <OrlaaJleuuR>,MeAseAes HaMepeBancfl pacnonox(Hrb Marepr.ta.n n alQaanr-HOM nOpsAKe IIO HMeHaM aBTOpOB, HO 3aTeM OTKaSaJlCq OTTaKOnO pacnonoxeHvf, fl cTaJI BK[roqaTb KHLrnH, He npHAep-xlrBascb a.nQaarra. ,[,.nn roro qro6u o6lerqnrt qr{TareJrK)HaxoxAeuxe Hyxnbtx KHHr, oH rroMecrnJt B Haqane <Onrasne-Hr.rR> yKa3areJrb lrMeH H npe,u,Meros (c ttouepaMn, orcbrJrap-UIHMH K coorBercrBytotrrnM HoMepaM B TeKcre <Orrasre-Hun>).

MeroAuxa 6n6ruorpaQHqecKoro onxcaHHfl, npuMeHeHHatMeAseAesHM, 3acryxusaer oco6oro paccMorpeHnr. Ilo,u,as-JrtK,ulee dorrurHHcrso KHHn MeAse.u.ee onl.rcaJr de visu.B onHcaHuH yKa3HBarorcq HMf, n 3BaHfie aBTopa, HanpnMep:<Arpaaunfi enllcKon EQeccxnfi>, <Hnxos narpnapx Mocxos-cKnft>, <AQaHacnfi MoHax Hepyca;rnnncxnft> n r. n. 3rncBeAeHHf qacTo noMeularncb Ha orAeJrbHoft crpore, Hrpagponb He roJtbKo aBropcKoro 3anoJroBKa, Ho a py6pnKn, noAxoropofi 6sr.nl.r co6paHbr Bce npoH3BeAeHHf, AaHHoro aBropa(Hepe4xo HMg r.t 38aHHe conpoBoxAanncb croBaMH (Hanl{ca>,(cnnca cHil croBeca> H T. n.). B prAe cnyqaee MeAee.u,esKpoMe HMeHn H 3BaHHs aBTOpa AaBaJl H KpaTKyo cnpaBKyo HeM: y[oMHHan o roM, qro <Dpasuncx CxopllHa 6ul <cyu[.nrng flo.norcxa yqeHHM Myx(eM B neKapcrBe>, uro lidoa:aiuxufrtFarqroncxHfi - <pexrop H HryMeu 6parcrna Kueocxoro>>,qro 3uHosnft rrloHax -

(yqeHHK Mancuua lpexa> H T. n.

" MeaBereB C. OrrasreHle KHHr, Kro nx c.noxu.r/ Hsa. B. M. Vn-.q,oarcxufi. - Vreuns r O-ae ucropr[ H ApeBHocrefi poccnficxux, 1846, xs. 3,orA. 4. Cuecr, c. I-XXX, l-90.26

floc.ne cseAenxfi o6 asropcrBe npLIBoAHJIocb 3arJlaBnenpoH3BeAeHus. E ng nepeBoaHblx KHilr orMeqafl I'Icb cBeAeHHq

o q3brKe nepeBoAa lInH opHruHaila, a HHorAa I{ Toro, H Apytoro,HepeAKo yKa3bIBanHCb raK)Ke HMf, H 3BaHHe nepeBOAt{HKa:

<flr(e c CnageHcxa Ha Pyccxnfi AHaneKT flpenox(eHbl>, <rxenpeBeAe or Ellnncxa B q3HK C.noseHcrllfr Enu$anuil, uepo'nbuax Manus Pocculr> H r. n.; B nepeqHe rpyAoB Enr.rQaHnaC.rrannseqroro ynoMHHaerct, qro oH (flpeno)Ku cJIoBacz. fpueopun Eoeocnola or E.nlnscxa c KHHTLT fi3AaHHbIqe flapnce; .nera MDCXXX. naqa 7164, coeeprtru xe 7165Vyn.o.

B onucaHsg neqarHbtx KHHI HepeAKo BKJttoqanncb BbIxoA-HbIe AaHHbre: Mecro H noA H3AaHHf,, A B OTAeJIbHbIX CnyqaflXTaKxe H3Aarerb HILI rHnorpaSna. HHorAa [pHBoAHnI.{cb HMs

H 3BaHue rHUa, <BereHHeM) HJlI,t <TulaHHeM> Koroporo KHHraHaneqaraHa: <Be.neuneu Ml{TpononHTa Kuescxa II erpaMoeunot, Haneqarana> ilJtw (TulaHI{eM IIerpa Moeunon.

B paae cnyqaeB B onLIcaHHH AaBanacb H KoJII{qecrBeHHaflxapariepncrnxa (vnclo JIHcroB xHnru): <HMarb nncros 447>.Hepearo orMeqaJlocb trllcro rJIaB HJIU qacteft: <uMarb lraB26>, <nmarr qacreft 4>, <nmyurnft rras 109> u.lls xe npocro -<rJIaB 94>. HuorAa yKa3btBaJlcn Qopnaar: , . flpn onncaHnn pyKorlltcHbtx npolr3BeAeuufi, a raKxeorAe.,IbHbrx ruraB H crateft (rax a pyKonflcHbtx, TaK H B neqar-Hbrx KHr.rfax) Meaaeaen, KaK npaBHro, npHBoAHr H HaqarbHblecroBa reKcra. flpu srou o6uquo oH yKa3brBaJI JIHcrbt, Ha Ko-

Topbrx noMeuleHa n c6opttnxe crarbs.O6pauraa BHxMaHr{e Ha BaxHocrb npt.tBeAeHufl HaqaJIbHbIX

cJroB npon3eeAeunft npn onr{caHnn crapnHHbrx KHHr, VgAo.nr-cxnft aupaxaJl coxaneHne, qro STor npneM, TaK IItHpoKoHcnoJrbgoBasul.tficg MeAgeAeguu, He 6u.n 3aHMcrBoBaHApyruMr.r 6x6.nnonpaQaur H nogroMy B Hx rpyAax HeJIerKoycranoBarb uAeHrnqHocrb fipoagBeAeunfi, ony6.nuxonaHHuxnoA oAr{HaKoBbIMr.I 3arraBugMlI. Onucauug )Ke, noMerreHHbreg <OrraBreHHH>>, nogBoJIgJILt 9To cAeJIarb Bo Bcex cnyqaqxcoBepueHHo 6esoun6o,{Ho: <<Bu xoruTe onncarb HJIfi npocrorr3 .irro6onHrctsa crHqltrb raxoe-Hu6yAs HaneqaraHHoerBopeHne, xorb, Hanp., EQpena Cupuna. EcrecreeHHo, BaMHyxHo 3Harb, To JIH HarleqaraHo, qTo HaxoAI,ITcf B ealueftpyKollr.rcr, fi ecJlr.r To caMoe, To BCe JILI LI B TOM )fie .nU nOpA4re?Pacxpuaaere 6u6rnorpaQn,lecxne coqHHeHHfl H B HHx Haxo-AHre oAr,rn roA H Mecro H3AaHHq; B Apyrnx, 6o.nee noApo6nux,cqer Jtr.rcToB H T. A., HapyxHble [pHMeTbl, BblnHcKy H3 nocJle-

27

cJIoBHfl H3AareJreft, a o coAep)KaHHH poBHo HHr{efo. 3Havrar,Bbr He Mo)Kere peuHTb: cxoAHa JIH Batua pyKonilcb c [eqarHbrMH3AaHHeM. Ho 6yal 3To H3.[,aHHe onHcaHo raK, KaK srocAeraHo y Me4ne4eaa (Ne 80) , H3 JrHcra B Jrncr, c Haqa"raMH,TorAa HaM He HyxHo 6u nuerl H cauoft KHHT.H>>.23

MeAaeAee y.u,ennJr HcKJIror{HTeJrtHo 6o.nruoe BHHMaHHepacKpbrTHr,o coAepxaHHrr oTAeJIbHbrx KHHr: nocJre onHcaHHrrKHHrH B qeJIoM oH qacro noMeuaJr noApo6nsrfi neper{eHb rflaBlr.nu crar_eft, coAepxar.unxcR n ueri, orMeqaJr HaJrHr{He npeAn-cronufi. 3rn cneAeunfl rro3BoJrsJrH r{HTareJrr,o noryrrnTb npeA-CTABJ'IEHHC O COAEP)KAHAN, A TAKXC T.ABAilH BO3MOXHOCTbu4euruQnunpoBarb npoH3BeAeHHs, Aax(e He BHAR caMHxKHHT.

B Haqare <OrrasreHHfl> KpoMe <Vxasarerfl HMeH H

npeAMeroB> 6u"no noueuleHo raKxe <O6tqcHeHHe coKparqe-Huft>, rAe npHBeAeHbt coKpau(eHHbre onHcaHna c6opHl.rxoe,crarbu H3 Koropbtx BKrtor{eHbt B ocHoBHyto .lactl <<Orflasre-HHq>> noA HMeHaMH ux aBTopoB, a raK)Ke c6opuuxoa, orncaH-Hbrx B reKcre noApo6Ho (c pacxpurHeM HX coAepxaHHfl).Kax46vy c6opnuxy s <O6rflcHeHHH coKpar{essft> coorBer-crBoBaJro ycJIoBHoe o6oauaveHne, a B ocuoeHofi qacru<<OrnasreHlrg> nocJle 3arJlaBHfl BMecro cseAengfi o c6opHNxenpocraBJrrJrocb ycJroBHoe o6o3HaqeHHe, lroA KoropbrM oH 3Ha-rlurcfl s <O6'becHeHHH coKpaueHuft>. Hanpnuep, e <O6'brc-HeHHr.r coxpauleunft>> noA o6ognaqesuem <(D> 3HaqHJrcflc6opHux <Croseca cs. HoaHHa 3raroycraro, co6paHas orero cnncaHnfi CrunosoM uapeM... Hx xe r{HcJroM 136, uHape'{eHHafl 3narocrpgd, pyKonr{cHaq>>, B ocHoBHofi xe qacrH<<OrnaereHHff> B r{HcJre npoH3BeAeHui't Voasna 3naroycranoMeu{eH pnA crarefi H3 sroro c6opunxa: <O yuepurnx tD

r.n. l0 Cnercn retto dgweeno>, <<O.nxe Su.noco$ex, flraroHeO rn. 98 Tarco nodo1aer> u rp. B AaHsoM cd'ryqae,,<D, - yc-JroBHoe o6ogHa,{euue c6opuHra, <O yuepu_rHx>) rz <<O nxe $H-.noco$ex, I-lnarone>> - Ha3BaHHr nJraB, a <Cnercn rertodgweeuo> u <Tarco nodo6aer>

-HaqaJrbHbre croBa gTHx

r"'l a B.

Taxofi cnoco6 onilcaHHrr crareri us c6opultxoe (:aueuacseAeHr.rri o c6opuHxe ycJroBHbrM o6oeHaveuHen,t) AaBaIl6olturyrc gKoHoMHro Mecra fi o6;rerqan npocMorp <Orraere-H 14 a> rruTareleu. 3ror c noco6, HcnoJlb3oB a n HH fi MeAeeAeBbr M

23 Tau xe, c. XVII-XVlll.

28

6onee rpex crurerHft ToMy Ha3aA, Jtntub B HauH AHH no"'lyqaerpaclpocrpaHeHHe. flpasaa, BMecro ycnoBHoro o60gHaqeHHqcefoAHs o6uquo ucnorb3yercr lruQpa (Houep, noA KoropblMonHcaHHe c6opnlrxa gHaqHTcfl B cltncKe Hcrouullxoe), Ho

npHHuHn ocraeTcf ToT xe.Kax npanuno, B ocHoBHoft ,{acru <<Orras.neuun>> c6opullx

onucbrBaJrcfl 6o.nee noApo6Ho H roqHo, a s <<O6'bscHeHHH

coxpaureuufi> npHBoAHJIHcb HHorAa rHub cBe,tteHHtt o6aBrope (<HuxoH MoHax ropu 9epustfl>, <Ca. EQperra CnpuH>).OAHaxo B orAeJlbHbtx cnyqaffx onucaHne s <<O6bflcHeHHH

coxpauleHuft> coAepx(aro cBeAeHHR, orcyrcrByloulhe B onu-caHHH. noMe[leHHoM B OCHOBHOfi qaCrn. Tax, g onHcaHHHKHHrr{ <<Pafi untc.neHHstfi> g <O6tqcHeHHn coxpaureHHft>>yKa3aHo KoJIHqecrBo JtHcroB (<nrrlaru JIHcroB 107>), Qopuar(<s nonAecru) n Rsltx (<cnaaeucxn>), rol'Aa KaK B onHcaHHH

rofi xe KHHrr{ s ocHoeHoft qacrn 3TH cBeAeHHfl orcyrcrBoBaJIH.B qe.nsx 3KoHoMHH Mecra MeAeeAen orKa3arctt or IIoBTo-

peHHfl B cronurnx prAoM onucaHHttx coBnaAaloulltx cseAeHHfi,3aMeHHB HX CJIOBaMH <<TOrO xe>, <O TOM )Ke>, <O TeX )Ke>>,

<Ha ro xe> il r. n. flo cBoeMy Ha3HaqeHHIo grH croBa cxoAHblc HcnoJIb3yeMbrMH ceroAHr o 6u6nnorpaSuuecxoft npaxrHKeo6ogHa,{eHl.rgrrtH <To xe>>, <TaM xe>, <ero xe>>. C.nosa<Ha ro xe> HHorAa 3aMeHflJIH Ha3BaHHfl OTAeJIbHbIX npoH3Be-

AeHnfi (<c.nonec>), HanpnMep:

Ycnenne cs. Boropoagqu. loacrnu u aceeda.to xe. Eturo aac 6oeopod.

Ilpuaedeaot flaqanbHbrc craoaa, qro nogloJrner pa3ruqurbnpousae1enun, uilaoulue o1uuaxoawe gazraaun.

flpHueHan MeAseAes u o6reAuueHHoe on[caHHe: K onn-caHHro nepBoro r4g/.,aH!/.fl (<neuarauna>) npoH3BeAeHHRoH npHcoeAHHsJr cBeAeHHf o ApyroM eno H3AaHHH.

Kax ncrnsHufi 6n6lnorpa$ MeaeeAeB He roJrbKo orMeqaJIHaJrHqHe B KHHre npeAHCJrOBHfl, HO B OTAerbHblX CryqaRX,

YKA3bIBA' AATY HANI{CAHHfl KHHTH HJIH APYTHC AAHHbIC, HA-npuMep cBeAeHHr o nepeBoAqHKe, nficaJr: <<fxo npeAcJroBuesBJrfler> (<Kax BHAHo H3 npeAncnonna>). Toqso raK )KeB Ha[re BpeMfl 6u6nuorpaQbl ccbtrarorcfl Ha HcrotIHHK, orKyAatttrt u 6ul.ll l.r 3a HM cTBoBa Hbl Ka KHe-To,u,onoJIH HTeJIbHble cBeAe-unn. B oAHoM H3 onllcaHHfi ronopu.nocr: <l4oaHu AauacxuttcHs cJroBeca HanHca, Ha Htxe Ha[Hca Anapefi Kypncxnfi

4. Ha5. Ha

29

npeAcJroBHe fl HcnpaBH ro>. B onHcaHHH orMeqanocb: <Efl xe[rHurn] cnucare.rrb HMeHH cBoefo He sBn> (cero4Hn nrurercfl:<Aerop B KHr.rre He yKa3aH)>). B onucasun 6n.nu HasBaHblr.rMeHa corpyAHrlKoe Maxclrl'4a lpera B nepeBoAe H HcnpaBJIe-Hau <flcarrupn>: <<CrpyAl{uaxecfl eMy B AeJIe B.[ac H MHrqToJIMaqr{, Mnxau.n MeAoaapues N Cl.{rgaH HHoK, nl{capn>.

B <OrraeneHnn> MeAseAes noKa3aJI ce6a npexpacHblM3HaroKoM KHHTH. Ou no-paaHoMy noAxoAun K onucaHntopa3nHqHbrx KHr.rr: B 3aBLICHMOCTH OT SHaqeHHt KHH|H OnHCbl-

BaJrilcb c pasuofi crerreHbn noApo6Hocrn. B psAe cnyqaeBMeaseAee coqerar onilcaHI{e co cBeAeHHqMH, orHocflui(l,MI'lcflK HCTOpHH KHHTH, HanpHMep:

IIOAHH rrronax HATDAHAHJI co6pa o rafisax [epKoBHbrxr Han[ca Knnny, toxe uapeue Cxputtcatu dgxoauote, cllro rtpHcnaIlaucufr narpuapx Hepycaauucxnfi, aera 716l Hwcong narpsapxyMocroacrong, ero xe BeJreHI{eM flpenoxg Ha Croaexcr[fi rsuxApcenurt uonax lpex, npu6unurui n Mocxay nera... or q3HKa

rpeqecKa npocroro, rt3Aanxbtfl n... Haneqaract xe nepuoe s MocKBereTa, . .

Mnozoroqun danw Vxdotocvur4, aepoarno, a con3u c reil,qro darw I pgKonucu 6wau xepas6op.ruab,, SosileJrc+o,nocrpadaau or Bpeiletu.

Kuurn Ha HHocrpaHHbIx s3blKax onncblBaJlncs MeAseAe'BHM Ha pyCCKOM s3HKe (f,3blK, Ha KOTOpOM KH[ra HanHcaHa,orMeqaJrcff n onucaHNn). Hcx.npqenueu flBJIfleTCf, JIt'llIIbo.u.Ha noJrbcKafl KHLIfa, OnncaHHafl Ha g3blKe H3AaHHfl.

O rou, qro 6onluuHcrBo npofi3BeAeHnfi 6u.nn onHcaHuMeAseAesHu de visu, cBHAereJlbcrBytor ycnoBHble o6osuaqe'HHs, npocraBJIeHHbIe HM B pflAe onHcaHLtfi _(nounuo ynoM.HHaB'runxci HaMH o6osHaqeHuli c6opHuxon). Cuucn grux o6ogHa-qeunft pacKpbrBaJtcs s <<O6'bqcHeHHH coKpaqeHxft>. Taxuxo6oesaqenufi uerupe: <pyKonncHoe>, <<qreHo>, <pyKonucHoeqreHb>> H <<r{TeHo H 3HaMeHoBaso>. VuAonscruft o6lqcHser[ocJIeAHee o6o3gaqeHue KaK <qHTaHo H pa3MelueHo ltoAHMeHaMH aBrOpoM>.

3aueqarelrnufi rpya MeAeeAesa coxpaHl'ul cBoe 3nar{e-Hue H ceroAHs, clycrfl 6o.nee rpex croJleruft noc.ile ero co3Aa'Hr.rfl. I{ro xe Kacaercfl MeroAHK}t 6n6nNorpaQuqecKoroonHcaHHg, IlcnoJlb3oBaHHOfi B <<orraBreHHn>, TO HeJIb3ff

He BOCXHUIaTbCfl TeM, HaCKOJIbKO MeASeAeS CyMeJI OnepeAHTb

cBoe BpeMfl. OH npnno,u.r4Jl cBeAeHHff o npoH3BeAeHHsx c PeA-

30

Kofi Ann roro BpeMeHH TularerbHocrbro n ror{Hocrbto, Hcnorb-SOBaJr pa3nHqHHe npHeMbt, noMorapulHe nonyqnTb HaH6oJIeenoJIHOe npeAcTaBneH[e o coAep)KaHHH KHHr, OTMeqaJI Har{aflb-Hbre cTpoKH uIaB H CTaTeft, qTO IIO3BOJIRJ!O HAeHTr.roHrIHpOBaTborAe,JrbnHe npon3BeAeHaa (raxofi [pHeM cran renepb rpaAH-uueft npn _ottl,tcaHnl,l crapr{Hnrilx KHHr HJrr.t apxr.tBuux Mare-pnaroa). Kpoue roro, ocyulecrBJrss rpe6oeaune norHorbr H

ToqHocrn onucaHufi, MeAaeAeg B To xe BpeMg HeyKnoHHocTpeMr.ucq K 9KoHOMHH MeCTa, npnMeHnn 3aMeHy coBnaAarc-ulllx caeAeunft B oflficaHHf,x o6ogHaqeHHsMH (Tono xe),(o roM )Ke> H Ap. r{ BMecro cseAeHNfi o c6opuuxe, B KoropoMnoMeuleHa crarbg, HepeAKo npHBoAHn ycJtoBuoe o6osHaqegHec6opHllxa, ncnoJrb3oBa.n o6teAnueHHHe onHcaHr{r.

fiprxepu rs roraaracnnr xtlrr, xro nx cJroxrJtt

a) uecxoarxo nporgseaexrfi oaHono aBTopa

Cs. BACI|IHf, apxrenncxon l(ecapuu Kannadorudcxun cnilcacltfl cJtoBeca, txe Haneqaraua B rpaae Ocrpose rulaHneMxttagg KoncraflTuva cu,Ha Koucraxrnxosa Octposcrcoeo, B Jrscr.

. Jlera unpa 7102. PoxaecrBa xe Xprcroea 1594 Mapra 3.l. flpercaoaun fiaqaJro. Bca eostoxxa ot 6oea.2. flpeacaonne K qnTareJrp. Ila xwcto Ne or flenpocaeulelvux,l. flpeg,caosne [ocrunqecKfiM ero cJloBeceu. Mxoao* cgt4u.u.2. Boo6paxenne nocru[rtecrsa. focnodg Haweilg H. Xpucrg

noaeL3. Ilpe,qcaosue. 6oea 6taeoeo 6aazodaruto.4. O nepe. Eoea 6taeoeo 6aaeocruto sanoaed.5. ftraa 80 or EganreJrna tr Anocro,na Orrole uaua Hucgc,Toroxe cs. Bacur,un K nocrnuqecrggtot4a.* c;roaec 30.flpe.qcaoane. Erce o Xpucre.l. O norrrucaex, Hacrorre.rrcrBe ll sKo He 3Jro reJto. H nepaue 96o.2. Koaaxnuu o6pasu nyKaBtrtt noMHcnH B.[yu[ cocraBrrtorcq.Ilonene u docneewe. [. . .]

Toro xe xaxo no4o6aer yKparxarlcr nuorcy. !,ocrour uvoKgnpeN.

O oreepxeHnn xsrns o cBepuenlrn AyxoBHeM L a. 176 IIpu-udure xo n+e 6ce rpClc. 1.,.l

 - gctoanoe o6osxaqenue c6opnuxa <Topxecreennux>.Mxoeoroquanu gaileneubl ongt4eflHbre flanu Ha36aHun npoug-aedeaud.

6) xxnra, HMepulaa HecKoJrbKo qacrefi r rrasAnOKPtlCllC, aa6o ornoneAb Ha KHrrxKH o co6ope Eepecrei-

cKoM HMeHeM ,no.quft crapoxnrnoft peatnnn fpe,recxoft, uepes Xpa-croQopa @utatera a pHxne BHAaHa, trx xe HeKro Bo BpeMq co6opa6eguuesso [3aaae o Vsex c xocreaou Puucxnr't urrponoanra Kuee-

3l

cKoro tr Borotruuupcxoro, Jly[xono, floaoqxoro, BnaAblKtt Xoaucxoro,6usuero o Depecrro, ApyKoBaFa s Burne craporo xaaex4apa 1597.Oxros. l. Hr'rart qacrufr 4.

Ilpearirbea Ao qrrerbnnKa. Ilod cefrnon.9acrr I. O nocrynry cHHoAaJrbHoM a Depecrn peaeu fpe[xofi.Toeo wro u npoq.

l. Mu qepxau. 5. Haa6urt 6w cn,2. Muxaun. 6. Oanailngeno.3. Ilpaeo o Koropot*. 7. Bcrceca awwe.4. Cgd notnewxurt. B. Eanut npopor. l. . .l

Ilo0o6nor.trt we o6pason pacKpbasaercn codepcrcanue 2, 3 u4-il qacrert.

s) o6re,qrHeHHoe onncaHne

3AXAPI'ffi Konucrencrcurt apxnMau,[plrr l(nenonevepcxufiCa. na norpe6exue Eaucen rosxe "'taBpbr apxuuangpura llrcre-

HeqKozo, B HepoMoHacex EaQunua, cKouqaBruact Jrera 1624Oxrog. 22. fleqarauo s rofixe.Ilaape: 7130 XpHcra xe 1625 Orr. 17.I4ua. 8. Pyccxnrvr fl3brKoM. IIa,r. Eaucefi pas6oneca.

Bropoe neq. Jrera 7133. na rorox. ly' 6wcro asaxon a Llcpauau.

r) nonnoe onncanae c6opnuxa (o ocrorHofi uacrtl)

PA9l nwcaexuurt, B aer xe pa3rsr{Hblf, ueeru npeno4o6HutlCreQaxon Cantoeopqex co6paHu, o cssrofi A$oncrefi rope, noqropaan cBrroro 3ogercr, u o Hnepcrou Moxacrbrpn s tofi xe cearofirope, u o flopraHrcroft rroHe. flpuconoKyuneHno xe n o MoHacrbtpttI4aepcxou cBflroe3epcKoM H o SBJTeHHH x npeHecesflu Moqeftcs. Ilarcoea Bopoauqrcoeo B MoHacrbtpb Haepcxufi. B rou xe uosa-crbrpn n3Aact aera 7167. Oxroepua 28 AHs.

. l. flpeAcronne K qnTarern nat. ,Qon npecanrbtn npequcrun.2. O rope casrofr Haqa,l. [Iodo6eu aosap6texne.3. O o6nrean Haepcxofi lr Hxoue flopranrcxofi. B nera 6naeo-

qecruaedwe?o4. O gaaHntl MoHacrbrpn Hnupcxoro cB. e3epcKono. Beauxaa

or aeuleil.5. Croso noxBaJrHo o rlpAecex cn. 6oropo4nqH B cB. topax

a o6HrerH Harpcxoft or HKoHbr er, H B MoHacrHpe cB. e3epcKoM.IIpuu1en dneco oepnuu.

6. O qerreHnu npnHeceHs[ )Ke n qpaecex cs. Haxoga. Ilpecrcdeoet flenocTufic.

a) coxpautenHoe onncaHHe roro xe c6opHnxa (s <O6racuennncoxpaulennft>)

Ksnra: Pail nwcaennurt, o cs. rope AQoHcre r a Hei HnepcromMonacrbrpn, r.r o MoHacrbrpr.r Haepcxou CnnroesepcKou s PoccHHgeanxofi, H o cB. Haxose Boponucxou. fleqarana B MonacrbrpeI4nepcxor'r, tera 7167, oxr. 28. B norAecrr Craaexcxu, firtratrlHcroa 107.

32

e) ortficaute ttonbcroft xnnrx (cocraBneHo Ha pyccxoM r3brxe)

Ilgro 0o Hepgcatutta Huxoaan'PAAHBnnA, uanncaHufiJlarnxcxu, KceHA3oM @ouon Tperepon, crpaxeM Bapruencxnu;Andpeet xe KceHA3oM Bapeo4xun npeJroxeHa Ha 4na.lexi floacxsfiu n l(paxoae Haneqarala 16ll. r,r.4.

B nepnori qacrn MoHorpa$nlt Mbr KparKo paccMorpeJrn3BOJIloUHro 6n6.nnorpaQHqecKoro onHcaHHfl Ha npoTrr)KeHHI600-.nerHero nepHoAa. OAsaxo, crporo roBopfl; Hax6oneepaHHHe r{3 AOueAuHx Ao Hac o6pa3uoB cneAyer orHecrHcKopee K npeAbtcropqH, qeM K HcropHH 6n6.nnorpaSHqecKoroONHCAHHfl B POCCHH. KAX UU BI{ACJIH I{3 NPIBEACHHbIX NPI,IMC-poB, cnHcKH <14cTHHHbtX> H <<JtOXHbrX> KHHn COAepXaJTH3ar{aroqHyro Qopr'ry onncaHHs, a He 6ra6.nnorpaQHr{ecKoeonncaHue B coBpeMeHHoM CMbrCJre CJrOBa, HaCTOnbKO CKyAHbrH OTpbrBOqHbr 6burH [pHBoAHMbre B Hr.rx cBe.4eHHrr o KHHr.ax.Becsu_a KpaTKHMH 6sr.nl{ gru cBeAeHHr H B orrncflx MoHacrbrp-cxnx 6u6nHoreK. JIH[rb nocrerreHHo onncaHHf craHoBHJrHcb6olee AeraJrbHbrMH u e4nHoo6pa3HbrMH.

B reqeuue pflAa croJreruir Ha Pycn cyutecrBoBaJrH JIHrrIbpyKonHcHbre KHHTH, B KOTOpbtx orcyTcTBoBaJrH HeKoTOpbtecBeAeHHfl, BKJrrOqaeMbre o6brqHo s 6H6rr.ronpaQnvecxoeonncaHle (nuxo4Hue AaHHbre, a 3aqacryro H HMeH; a'aropoe).3ro H a.nox nJro orneq aroK Ha xa p a Krep- 6u6.n Horp a 6 raveixoioonHcaHHr. A"[q HAeHTH$nxaunH KHHr yKa3brBarcq MarepHaJr,Ha KoropoM KHHr.a HanHcaHa, orMeqarHcb oco6eugocrunepenJrera, HMfl nepenHcqHKa HJru 6srsuero BJraAenbua KHHfH,qHcJIo rJraB, npHBoAHJtHcb HaqarbHbre croBa nponseeAeHHftH T. II.

OAuaxo yxe B ApeBHepyccxxfi nepno4 Hcno./rb3oBaJrncboTAeJrbHbre cnoco6br H npHeMbr, KoTopbre HaxoAflT npHMeHeHHeH B Ha[re BpeMs] CBOAHOe OnHCaHHe MHOTOTOMHbTX H3AaHHfi,o6reAnsesuoe onficaHHe HecKoJrbKHX KHHr, pacKpbtrHe coAep-xa.HHH c6opHllxon. CpanHNre"trHo BbrcoKuM ypoBHeM onnca-Huft or.nnqaJtacb nocrareriuan..pocnncs coaepxiannn l4 c6op_HLIKOB, noMeuleHHaR aO aropofi rtacTH onHcH xttnr 6u6nsOrexuKnpu;uro-EeJro3epcKoro MoHacrbrpfl (XV e.), a s uVxasue,ApceHua Bucoxono (1594) Mbr BcrpeqaeM repBbre AoueAuHeAo Hac o6pasuu aHaJrHTxr{ecKoro orrHcaHns

-e poccnn. Onn-caHHfl B <yKa3(e> BnoJrHe orBeqaJrH 3aAaqe. nocrasregHoft3 H. A. HrxrQopoacxaa

33

cocraBilTeJleM: AaTb cBeAeHHtl o crarbflx H oTpHBKax H3 C6Op-

HHKOB AJrfl qTeHllfl B MOHaCTblpe Ha onpeAe,'leHHble AHH HeAerl',l.

Taxum o6paeou, yxe B XV-XVI ss. s PocclrH BeJII'tcb noHcKH

HOBbrx soprr,t onucaHHfl H o6bexrou onHcaHHtl cTaHoBHJIHCb

HC TOJIbKO KHI{TH B UCJIOM, HO H qACTH KHHT.

Peaxoft AeraJlbHocrbto H Toq Hocrblo orJIIlq aJI Hcb on Hca HHtl

B TpyAe Ca.nraecrpa MeAeeAena <OrrasreHne KHHI, Kro Hx

cJroxHJI>>. OHH Aaearu Bo3Mo)KHocrb noJlyqHTb BcecropoHHeenpeAcraBJIeHHe o KHHrax. Ilouuuo onncaHaft KHHn B <<Orras-JTeHHH>> nOMeUIaJILICb CBeAeHI.lfl O CTaTbsx. flporpeccnnHuuflBJrqrocb onncaHne npoH3BeAeHuft noA HMeHeM asropa. KarMbr [oAqepKVBailv!, B MeroAHKe 6u6.nnorpaSrrlecKoro onHca-HHs MeAseAeB cyMeJI Bo MHot'oM onepeAnrb cBoe BpeMr H

<OrnagreHHe)> flBHJIocb BblctilI'rM AocrHxeHHeM B lrcropullpa38HrHn 6u6rr-rorpa$HqecKoro onncaHHf, B nepHo4 AoXVIII 8., a B r{eM-ro Aaxe npeBocxoAl4no HeKoropble 6u6nuo-rpaSuvecxue rpyAbr XVIII H XIX es.

tlacrt II

6H6JI I,IOTPAOHTI ECKOE ON I,ICAH }IEB POCCHI,I B XVIII B.

flepsan qerB.eprb XVIII B. flBHracb e poccuu rrepuoAoMnerpoBcKHx peQopu, HanpaBJreHHbrx Ha npeo6paeoeaxnelll1l_"",, npeoAoneHhe ee. eexoeoft orcrdnocrn. peQoprvrsrllerpa I carrluru.cyuecrBeHHuu o6paaoM sarpoHyJrr H BcecropoHbr pyccxoli Kynbrypbr, npou3BeJrr{ s Hefi

- xopeHuoft

nepeJroM. I4ruesuo B sror nepnoA 6ul no"noxeH KoHeu Heorpa-HlrqeHHoMy rocnoAcrBy uepKBH s o6nacrH Ayxoeuori xH3HH.Orpouuoe BHHMaHHe 6u.no o6pauqeHo Ha pa3BHrHe flpocBeue_HTIA, NOATOTOBKY

.OTEqECTBCHHHX CIICIIHAJII,ICTOB, CO3AAHfiCcern cBercKax yve6usrx saeeAeHHft, u3MeHeHHe 6uira pyccxuxnoaefi.

Oco6oe 3HaqenHe npao6pe.no KHHroneqarauue. I4gAare,ru_cKoe AeJro 6nlo noAqnHeHo npaKrHqecKHM 3aAaqaM, crorB-tl*, nepeA rocyAapcrBoM. BHeApeuue npaxAaHcKofotupHera, co3AaHHe HoBbrx runorpa$nfi, uaxoAnaul,txcflB BeAeHHu cBercKnx n.nac-reft, nepeBoA H H3AaHr.re ny,{ruuxnpox3BeAeHaft sapy6exnofi .nnreparypbr, a raKxe noAroroBKau u3LaHile cauo6ursux pyccinx ipyaoa lto pasJrur{HbrM

"gli.-Tlr 3HaHr.rfl, cosaaun-e pyccxofi" nepuoaui" lraseisr<<DeAoMocrH>) - Bce 3To cbrfpano saxneftulyo poJlb B Aenenpeo6pasogaHHq Poccnr.r. B

-HaqaJre XVIIi ".'no"""nr"inepBas e Poccna fleqarHaq ngQoprraaqufl o BHoBb BblxoAflrrlxx

KHHrax: peecrpbt. 14. e. KonHescroro l.t <peecrp KHHTaMrpal(|3_H:xHr'r>

-(e npr.trrolKeHr.rH K ra3ere <BeAbruocru>).borbrrHM cO6Urnerrl B KynbTypHoft xugnl.r crpaHbr flBH_

Jlocb orKpbrrne s l7l4 r. nepBor.o pyccKoro rnrysea _ Kyncr-KaMepbr u nepaoft e pocg.rn 6H6nuorern 66utecree;HoronoJrb3oBagr.rr, noJ'ryr{HBuefi nosAHee Ha3BaHne 6a6,rnorexn

35

AxaAeu ut uayx. Kara.nor sroft 6 n6n uorexu, ony6Jt Hxoe-a H Hlt fiB HaqaJIe 4g-x 194o4 XVIII 8., flBHJIcfl nepBblM s Poccnl'lH3AaHIreM, r.rusopr',tupoBaBtuHM o HayuHoft JIHreparype.

KopeuHurra o6pasou H3MeHHJICT H cocraB qacrHblx KHHX(-

uux co6paHuft: renepl B HHx, KaK npaBHJIo, npeo6raAaJlacBercKatl KHI4ra n 6u.na uHpoKo npeAcraBJleHa HHocrpaHHaflJrr.rreparypa. OreqecraeHHafl 14 eapy6exuaa KHI{ra flonyqunl'llxHpoKoe pacnpocrpaHeHHe B CaMblx pa3Hblx cJloflx pyccKoroo6utectea.

Orpouuoe 3HaqeHHe B Hcropnll Pocctln I{MeJIa co3AaHHar

no yKa3y flerpa I n Haqasuafl cBolo AerrerbHocrb c KoHua

tliS r.-Poccuftcxas AxaAeunfl HayK. flpu AxaaeMHH HayK

6una cogAaua xpynueft[Iafl B crpaHe runorpaQna, ny6nnxo-BaBUIaf HaytlHyIo rHreparypy no BceM

-orpacJlfM 3HaHI'le'

r.r KHHxHafl JIaBKa. C orxpurneM KHH)KHOI JIaBKH AKaAeMI'tH

HayK B03HItKJIa pyccKafl KHHroroproBafl 6n6'nuorpaQnn,

cTaJrH fleqaTarbcq peecTpbl KHHr, I]MeBUI'iXCfl B npoAaxe'EnaroAaPfl AxaAeut'tll Hayx rer'rnu I'I3AareJlbcKofi Aesreno'HOCTIT H B nocJleneTpoBcKoe BpeMfl 3HaI{HTerbHo Bo3pocJlH'

Pyccxan HayKa H KyJIbrypa npoAoJIxaJlH cBoe pa38HrHe

B roM HanpaBJleHHu,-xoropoe 6uno uaueueHo peQopuauu

Ilerpa. C Axaaerunefi Hayx 6H.ila cssgaHa n AesreJlbHocrb

A. 6. Cel.nua, ocHoBotloJloxul{Ka orpaclenofi 6u6'nu-orpa-'$"i "-6no6n6nuorpaQun

e Poccuu' -Ero <KHlrxHuft xa-

TaJIor nncareJleu, xorbpue B cBoux KHI'trax neo6pa-xanr

noJIfiruqecKylo n uepxonHyn Hcropnlo Poccun> (173-6).'

;il6;;;;;;Huft na JIaTHHcKoM n3brKe, npeAcraBJr-sl t^?9:i6nb6ra6.nnorpaQnuecxnft cnoBapb JII'ru' nucaBrJHx o pyccKou

r.rcTopl.lH.Bropan [oJIoBI'rHa XVIII B. o3HaMeHoBaracb HoBblM

roAbeMoM pyccKou xy.nsrypur. B 1755 r' 6ul orxp-ur Mo-cKoB-

crlrfi yunnepcurer, cbeaaHHlrfi no ilHl'llrnarnse M' B' 'Ilouo-HocoBa u urpanrunfi HcKJIIoqureJIbHo BaxHylo p-oJlb B

111^";sefiureu pasnutr'ru npocBeureHHfl, HayKH H oourecrBeHHoI'l

MbrcJrH, a raKxe a pacirpocrpaHeHHH KHfirH' Cpe4u nepeAoBblx

.rrroaen' Poccutl 6b.truuiyro nonyrqpHocrl npno6pe'nn HAeH

Qpanuyscxllx npocBernre.nefi. IlpoAonxala HeyKJIoHHo

ficuruinrrcr HayqHaR AesreJIbHocrb, noflBllracb nJIeflAa

yueuuri H3 qt'Icra pyccKux .ltrcAefi. Bosunr'ilt't HoBble uenrpblirayxn H KyJlbrypbt, n rortl '{Hcre Borrnoe 3KoHoMHqecKoe

oOur."t"o, n uTpyaaxu Koroporo e 1789 r' 6un ony6'rlt'txosau

nepeufi s Poccltl'l yKa3areJlb nHreparypbl no ceJIbcKoMy

xosnficrny H crpoHTeJIbHoMy AeJIy'

36

flo.n_yunnu AanrHefiuree pa3BHrHe Jrareparypa fl HcKyc_crno. Hnrepec K Jrureparype H rearpy Bbt3BaJr noqBJreHxecnpaBoqHo-6a6nuorpaQHqecKux rpyAoB <Onur HcropHqe-cKoro cJroBapn o poccuftcrxx nficareJrnx>> H. H. HoeHxosa(1772) u <<[par'raruqecxuri cnoBapb> (llg7). CarrpnuecxnexypHaJrbr H. Vl. Hoeuroea u VI. A_ Kpunona noJroxnJrr.rH a r{ aro_ flporpecc n nu ofi pyccxori xypn aJr H cr r.r Ke.

B 1777 r. Hosnxoe HsAanar 6t6.iinorpaQaqecxnfi xypHaJr<<CaHxrnerep6yprcxve yqeHbre aeAouocrur, xoropuft ir"qnBHAHoe Mecro B r.rcropHu pyccxofi 6u6nuorpaeuu. flpo_Aor'rxaJrocb 6ucrpoe pa3BnTile KHlrofleqarautR, orxpuna_Jrr'rcb HOBbre rnnorpaQuu, B ToM r{HCre qacrHsre. orponaHoe3Har{eHHe HMeJIa o6ruapHan H3.u,areJIbcKafl AefreJlbHocrbHoeHxosa.

Pacuupll;tacl KHH)r(Hafl ToproBJrrr. HoeHe KHr.txHbreMat'a3HHbt H3AaBailH CBOH <<pocnhcl'i.> UnH (<peecTDbt)> nocTv-nHBrrHx B_npojraT.y xuu r. C lTT2 no l7g9 ni. ny6.nuxona.ndnxypHaJr I'. Jl. X. Eaxue_ficrepa <pyccxan 6a6nuorexa>,uerbro Koroporo 6u;ro-coAericraue p a cnpocrpa HeHHro pyccKnxKHHn 3a npauHqefi. K arouy nepHoay orHocrrrcfl flonbrrKr.rcosAaHxfl penepryapa pyccxofi KHHrH: KaproreKa H. H. bas_ruura-KaueHcKoro u <<BH6lnorexa poccr.tficxaa>,[lauacKHHa( n. .E. cer*leuoea - PyaHena ), ou,.{a iul aqcfl BbrcoKo ilr 6u6nuo-rpa(pHqecKoli xy.nrrypofi .

B 1778 r. eHueJ B cBer peKoMenAarentsufi yKa3areJrbJrureparypbr no BceM orpacJrnM 3HaHHfl H. H. Eauruura-Kaueucxoro, noroxHsuafi Haqano peKoMeHAarelrgori6n6.nuorpaQnx s PoccHrl.

_OAuaxo B KoHrIe g0-x rr. XVIII B. B cBs3r1 c HacrynJreHr.reMn Poccl.ll peaKrrau, glrgsaxHofi arpa*on uapcKoro npaBH-rer bcrBa repeA pacn_pôcrpa HeHHeM nAeli B enl xori Opai.r uya_cxofi peao;rnuHr. 1789 r., o6urecrseHHsrri noAteu B crpaHenpnocraHoBNrcfl, 6u;lr.r 3aKpbrrbr Bce qacrHbre runorpa6r.lu,orpaHHr{eHa KHI{nOTOproBJtg H r3AareJlbcKar,u,eqTenbHocTb,3arrpeueH BBO3 s PoccHIo BCex KHHr, ony6.nuronaHHnxBo <Dpauqnn c 1789 r., HaqaJrr.rcb x(ecroKue De[DeccHHB orHorreHnu A. H. paAuulega n H. Vl. Hoslrxosa. Cia"r*o3rr.r Mepbr cMor"JtH 3aAep)Karb pa3Bnrlre Kynbrypbr l_r o6ule_crseHHoft MbrcJil.t s PoccHr.r JtHUrb Ha cpaBHHTenbHo KoporKoeBpeMfl.

5t

Peecrpu rnnr 11. 0. Konnercroron <PeecrP KHtrraM rPax4aHcKIlM'

Vxe n Har{are XVIII s. e Pocctlu 6u.nn npeArpnHfrblnonbrrKn ocyluecrBl'lrb reKyxryn t'tHQopmaunn B ner{arH

oHoBblxKHHrax,I,I3AaBaeMbIxHapyccKoMfl3blKe:noEBHJlHCb<<peecrpbt> (r. e. cnncxu, nepevln) raKnx KHI'rr.' flo'pacnopflxeHnlo flerpa I H. O. Konnescxuft opraHll3o-

BaJr B Ar',tcreiaar'le nepeBoA Ha pyccxNfi fl3blK HHocrpaHHbtx

KHHr n [eqaraHHe arnx nepeno4on. Peecrpbl KHI'lr (xar yxeonv6Jtt{xoeaHubrx, TaK H roroBsulnxcfl K rIeqaru) cocraBrfl-;rHcr KonneBcKltM I't gBJIflJIHcb ero orqeroM uapo o npoAeJIaH-

uofi pa6ore. B ro xe BpeMfl (r'l aro Arq Hac oco6esHo eaxHo)oHH CJIy)KI,l.ttN t'tcto"Hl'rxortr llH$OpMaqHl'l o KHfirax u 6w',ttw

nepeurrr-r.r s Poccl.lfi neqarHblMl'l 6n6.nnorpaQnqecKHMI'ryrasare.nnuH, a TaKXe [epBHMIr yKa3aTenflMH, BKJIIOqa0-

iur.rrrrn nepeqHlr KHHr roJIbKo rpax(AaHcKoro c-o-AepxaHHq'

Peecrp n'a pyccKoM fl3blKe 6u.l HaneqaraH KonnegcxllmB rtpilJloxeHnt't K H3AaHHofi nru a AmcrepAaMe KHHre <Latinagrammatica> (1700), a Ha JIaTHHcKoM f,3blKe --B npnnoxe-fir, n xuane <PyxoBeAeHHe s fparuuarury' Bo cJloBeno-

poccnftcryo> (1706)' Bor xix sutrnnAnr Haqaro peecrpa V' O' Konilescroro:

PgAosoft qItH ttM x(e KHHnU HMenylorct nilcagbl I{ l{3aaHbl

aBropoM, Erua Oe4oposblu Kofluesc5nu. Hxe no yKa3y Be'luKorot*yi"pi n Aucrepoilaue nucaJl n B neqarb usAar' l' Bseaexfle

Bo BcsKyo HcroPblto.2. Pyxoee4eune- Bo aPHrMernKy' cnpeqb "i "t"roft cqoi. 3. floiepcranue rpyroB xe6ecnux c roJlKoBaHHeM' 4' o AeJe

BoHHcrBeHHoM. 5. Horrleguarop Ha pyccxoM, rarnHcKoM H HeMeqKoM

t."*i. O. Boxa6y.nu crsxaux JIaTHHcK[e H pyccK'Ie' 7' flpnrulEcconogu, Ha naruHcKou H pyccKoM t3HKe...

3ar.nasilfl He ToJrbKo npHBoAHnHCb B CLlJtbHo COKpaUIeHJIOM

BnAe, HO s 6orsull'tHcTBe cnyqaes 6buH r4cKaxeHbl' I aK'

Ha THTynbHoM JII"ICTe KHI',tf H' ganucauttoft B peecrpe noA

nepBblrvr HoMepoM, 3HaqHJtocb: <BseAeHHe KparKoe Bo BCflKyIO

r.rciopuro, no qHHy Hcrop[qHoMy or co3AaHnfl MHpa flcno H

coBepueHHo onHcaHoe>, a KHI{ra, rIoMeuIeHHaR IIOA-BTOpblM

HoMepoM, HMeJIa Ha THTyJIbHoM JIHcre 3ar'IIaBHe: <<Kparxoe

H noJre3Hoe pyKoBeAeHI'le Bo apbITMerl'rKy' I'IJII'I BO O6yUeHne n

no3HaHr,le BctlKoro cqeTy, B COqeraHI'tH BCflKHX BeUIeft>'

Bcxope nocJle ny-6.tlNxaunn -peecrpoB

Konnescxoros npnloketnu K J\b 12 ra3erbl <BeAouocru o B@HHbtx I'l

38

Apyrux Aerax> (31 uar l7l0 r..) 6u.n saleqarau <peecrpNHhraM rpaxAaHcKr.tM, Koropbte no yKa3y rlapcKoro eenuqe-crBa HaneqaraHbr Hoaonso6pereHHoro aMcrepAaMcKoroas6yxoro Ha nepBoe qncJro HyHs HbrHeuHero Ill0 roav,1<<Hoeouso6pereHHarr aMcrepAaMcKafl as6yKa> _ pvccriqrpaxAaHcKaa as6yra, BBeAeHHas e l70g r.). <peecrp'iHnrar,lrpa)r(AaHcKHM)> rrpoAoJrxuJr rpyA KonHescxoro. B ro xeBpeMfl gro 6Hr nepnufi

_ onbtr pyccxoli focyAapcrBessofi

yqerHo-perHcrp a rIHoHHo fr 6u6nuorp a$nn. OAu axo oH He HMeJrIIpoAoI)KeHHq, a _nocrosHHas rocyAapcrBeHHarr yqeTHo_perucrpaunoHHafl 6a6naorpaenr Bo3HHKJra s poccnH nr.ruscnycrfl 6onee 100 .ner (e 1837 r.).

OnHcaHHq n <<Peecrpe KHr.iraM rpax<AaHcKHM)), KaK uL peecrpax Konaeecxoro, 6brJu.r HenoJrHbrMH H HerorrHbrMH.flpan4a, n <Peecrpe> l7l0 r. Ha nepBoM Mecre B onHCaHHHnpuBoAH,tacl Sauulan aBropa (aroro He 6u;ro y Konnee-CKOIO), HO OHA AABAJIACb HE B HMCHfiTC,IIbHOM I{ AAXC HC B DO-AHreJrbHoM rraAex(e, a n Sopue lpxJrarareJrbHoro: ..pHrrluie_poBbr. . .>, <EpoyHonu. . .u, .:.E6pr3lopOosbr. . .>, ..6t;;-KHHbr. . .>, <<KyropHoBbr. . .>). (Bo ucex c",iyuanx rrpHJrarareJlb_HOC CTABHJIOCb BO MHO)KCCTBCHHOM tIHCJIC, NOCKOJIbKY COTJIACO-Barocb_c flonp a3yM eBa ro[IHMcs cJroBoM <<xH l.l.r.r> ) .fle B MeHb[Jefi crenenn, verra y KonneBcKoro, 6ur.nn coxoa_uleHbr H HcKa)KeHtr garilaBtr. H. B. 3ao6Hoa

"o,c*uiu,rtpeAnoJro)KeHr{e, r{ro n <peecrpe KHHTaM fpax(AaHcKHM>,xaK H B peecrpax Konneecxoro, <3arJraBHfl KHHr npHBeAeHbrTaK, KaK oHl.r o6osHaqaJrHcb B pa3roBopHori peu'arr., n;;nepBbrM HoMepoM s <<peecrpe, gHaqu"noci, unir"nr""."rilr,ru o6pasqbt, KaK n14carb nllcrrra K pa3HbIM oco6aM>>,

", "r_'TynbHoM xe Jracre KHHrH yxaaauo: <<rlpuxnaAu, KaKo nH-IXYTCfl KOMIIJICMCHTbI PA3HbIC HA HEMCUKOM 93bIKC, TO CCTbnucaHufl, oT noTeHTaToB K noTeHTaTaM, no3ApaBHTeJIHbte LIcoxaJreTeJrHbre, a HHbte TaKOXAe MexAy cpoAHHKOB x IIpHqTe-.nefi. I-lepeee4eHbr c Het\{eqKoro Ha poccuriirnfi

"ro,^, "in.uu-raHHbre noBeJreHHeM -6laroqecrtnefiuero rocyAapfl H Ber,rH_

:?fo Kp3fl flerpa Anexceesnqa Bce, BerrHKHn Li Maltbtfl uoerbrfl voccuu caMoAepxua. flpH 6;raropo4uefirueu rocvlaoerlapeBnqe H BeJTHKoM xusge A.nexcna flerponn.re. B uaoci"*ro_IueM BerHKoM rpaAe Mocxee. .Ilera focloaHq 170g.'Ano"Hr_

---- I3,u,o6Hon H. B. Vc"ropua pyccxoft 6n6nuorpaeuu Ao HaqanaXX nexa. M., l95b, c. 83.

39

Jna>. B KHHte, Ha3BaHHoft B <Peecrpe> <BpuHrnHH aprfin-.nepnficxne>, Ha rHTyJtbHoM JIHcre yKa3aHo: <OnucaHne

apinr.nepHn s Hefi xe coKpaureHHo HanHcacfl Bce' exexlsaqnuasnn aprt'InJlepsftcxoro BeAoMcrBa H ocHoBaHufl ee'

xorsureMy y cero Aeni 6uru, BeAarH noAo6aer' 3elo npn-

JrHqHo BCeM XOTflUITIM Or MJIa,U,blx JIeT nOT[laTHCg B CeH HayKe

cBoero ficKarH Cr{acrHs, H KaK llylxKapfM, 60u6apAnpau n

"ua tat" rroAMH HaqaJIHHKoM HcKycHblM 6urn' 9nsuo onn-

caHo H npncroftHsltr'tn JIHuaMH yKpaueHo BceM cHff HayKH

oiou"* "u nonty. t{pea Tnr'ao$ea Epnnxa aprun'nepnficxoro

AeJra KanHTaHa>. Pasyrueerca' 3TH 3anJIaBHq qpe3MepHo

AJrHHHbt, H B onucaHAH ux uenecoo6pagHo 6ltno coKparl'lrb'

Ho s <<Peecrpe>> oHI'l He npocro coKpaueHbl, a HcKaxeHbl'

npHToM HacroJlbKo, uro eaipyaHrJlacb uAeHruQnxauns KHHr

(iert,I 6o;ree, qro HepeAKo HcKaxaJIHcb n Qauu'nun aBropoB jB npHBeAeHHoM npHMepe Qauu.nHn Eputtx repeAaHa B onH'

caHHH - DPuHxuHur).Orcvrcrsue roAa H Mecra H3AaHHfl, BepoRTHo' o6lgcHR-

nocr rer,,|, t{To roA (l7lo} 6un o6ulsru AJIfl Bcex KHH[' BKJIIO-

qenHbtx n <Peecrp>, H ynoMHHarcfl B .ero 3arJIaBHH I'l Bce

KHr{rH 6Hna HsAaHoi " o^"o* ropoAe (CaHxr'flerep6ypre).

Ilpnrepu rc cPeecrpa tttrrnar rpaxAaxcxrilr l7l0 r''

l. Koun.neueHTbl, HJIH o6pasuut, KaK nHcarb nncMa K pa3ublM

oco6au.2. O caPanux aelex.3. feouerpntrecKue o npueMe qHpKynfl H JIIrHeRKI'I'

4. Apxnrexryp" uoe""'a" n.nn -ruiyp"rtaonblff HayKIt o6pasUul'

5. PnunaepoeH o crpoeHnll Kpefiocretl'6. BopsaopQoBu nBapHll3oHHble H HafioJlltble urypMoBHe'7. Ep6ynonu aPrruaePuficxne'8. EPuHruHu aPrulaePnftcrae.9. KvroPHoeH HHxeHePHble.ib.'ii.iopnu KsuHra'Kypuxa, o A'nexcan4pe BenHKoM uape

MaxeAoHcxou.li. Hctopta o B3flrHH rPaaa TPott'12. Tpuyu$a;lHblx Bpar onficaHue Ha l/lu roa'13. feoipaQna, tlJIH onlcaHl{e 3eMJIH coKpalrleHnoe'

14. Kalesaapu.15. Mann$ecru xopo,lefr, noncKoro n AarcKoro'

40

Knnroroprosas 6r6a xorpaQnn

BosHr.rxHoneHHe KHHroropnonofi '6n6lnorpaQNn s Poco.tH

ornocurce K KoHuy 20-x noAos XVIII 8., KorAa npn AxaAeunnHayK orKpbrJracb KHHxHas JraBKa, Ha3BaHHas Kunxsoftna.narofi, H B ra3ere <<CaHxrnerep6yprcxne BeAoMocrH>or 2l Aexa6pn 1728 r. (Nb 102) 6uno noueueHo nepBoeo6'bsBreHHe o KHHrax, npoAaroulHxcs n Heft. B eroM o6tqs-JTeHHH nepeqHcnfrHcb 'leTbrpe pa3Hbrx KaJreHAaps Ha1729 roa, Koropbre MoxHo 6u.no npno6pecru s KHHxHofinaJIaTe.

B onucasnsx grnx xaneHAapefi no,u,po6uo BocnpoH3BoAH-JrHcb 3arJraBHfl, yKa3brBaJrHcb Sopruar, HaJrHqHe nepenJreran ueHa (lnurl B onHcaHHH rperbero - Kauropuoro - KaJreH-

Aapfl He 6un yxasaH Soprrrar H orcyrcrBoBaJrn cBeAeHHflo nepennere). B onncaHHH qerBeproro KaJreHAaps orMeqa-Jlocb, qTo oH gBJIfleTcfl nepeBoAoM c HeMeuKoro, roBopHJlocbo HaJTHqHH HJlnrocrpaunfi u Aaxe npHBoAHnocb Hx coAep)Ka-Hae. Eu,nu orMeqeHbr raKxe npHrolxeHxfl K nepBoMy, BTopoMyil qerBeproMy H3 Ha3BaHHbrx KaJreHAaperi u AaBaJracb xapaK-TepHcrHKa 3THx npuJroxeunfi. BuxoAnue AaHHHe B onncaHHnorcyrcrBoBaJrH, Ho 3To o6rscHRyrocr cyry6o BpeMeHHbrMxapaKTepoM o6'bflBreHHs, a raKxe reM, qro uecro (CaHxr-flerep6ypr) n roa ( 1728) 6wnw 3aBeAoMo H3BecrHbt qHra-TCJIflM.

Onncanrs ralen4apefi, noMeuleHHHe B ra3€re cCanxrnerep6yprc[reBeaoltocr]|t

l) l4cropuvecrsfi s axouor,rtqecxnfi xa.neuAapb, Koroporo cqsc-,eHHe noanexau1lrx K olrouy AcrpouoMHqecKnx Aeficrn no sceM 3Har-seftruuu ropoAaM Poccnftcxoro rocyAapcrBa coqHHeHH, c AgoftHutrnpn6ar.renueu MHorflx noJre3Hbrx gKoHoMurrecKqx npaBxJr Ir Kypfio3-Horo onucaHut o 3eMJIe l(auuarxe B qerBeprb .nncra B npocrounepennere no 15 xoneex, a Koropbre c npoKnaAKoro 6yuarx no 2l xo-neex. 2) Vro4uufi xaloft xalesAapr c npn6awreuHeM, KaK rroqracrcAa npuxoAr-rr H orxoAHT, npoAonroBarbrfi s 12 aoJrro nncra, B npo-croM nepenJrere no 8 xoneex, a c npoKJraaKon 6yruaru no 12 roneex.3) Kaxropnuft KaneHAapb no 6 xoneex. 4) Ka;reH4apr sa Poccnftcxouq3HKe, npeBeaesuufi c 6o.nurono HeMeuxofo KaneHAaps c 4 npeuapa4-HbrMH rpbrAopoBaHHbtMn Qurypaun, Koropbre 4 apeueHn roAa 3Haqar;npH xoropoM eule uecRvHurfi urrarcxnfi KaJleHAapb scex eHarHeftruuxQaunalft n Snpone H nepeBo1 c otrrcaHur geMar Kau.tarKl rprlno-xeHbr B 8 ao;rn .,rHcra B npocroM nepennere no l0 xoneex, a c npo-KJraAKoro 6yuarn no 15 xoneex.

4l

B xaqecree orAeJlbHoro nplrJloxeHlrq K roMy xe N! 102<<Caurrnerep6yprcxr.rx eeAoraocreft> 6ltn ony6nnxoaaH<CynneueHr, (r. e. AonoJIHeHue), neunuruftca nepnofi pyccxoftKHnroroproeoft pocnncbo r.r coAepxaeurHfi nepeqeHb 9 xnnt,npoAaBaBunxcfl s Knr.txHofr naJlare. floa Ne I s groMnepeqHe gHaqHJIHcb <Kounaeuraprv ltntu Ltgr,atufl AxaAeuunHayK nuneparopcroli caHKrnerep6yprcxoii> (uacrr l).B onncaunn noApo6Ho pacKpbrBanocb coAepx(aHae Kax(AoroH3 rpex <<KJraccoB>> (orpac.rrefi suaHua), Ha Koropbre noApa3-AeJIflJIIicb <<Kotrtueurapvv>, vt nepeqncnaJlucb Bce HayqHbrepa6otsr, noMeuleHHble B Ka)KAoM <<KJIacce>>: yKa3bIBaJIHcbnua n $annnJrnfl aBropa (a poaurerlHoM rraAexe) u sar.naeue,orAeJrrrBrxeeca or QarunruH ganqrori.

B onncasnsx KHr{r, noMeureHHbtx B peecrpe 1728 r., npn-BoAr,rJrncb 3arJraBne, nua lr $auurfiq aBropa (e po4xre.nlHottnaAelKe, o6uquo c npeAJloroM <<or>, HanpuMep, <<or HoassaXpucraaHa Eyrc6ayua>>), Mecro ns!'a*vr n rnnorpaQnn(n ro r.r Apyroe B poAureJlbuotu naAexe), roA H3AaHLIR, QopuarH cBeAeHHfl o HaJrHqHn B KHr{re r{JlJlrocrpaquft. A.ns nepeBoA-Hbrx KHHI o6uqgo yKa3bIBaJIocb, qro KHl{ra flBJlsercfl nepeBo-AoM c raKoro-To q3brKa. IIpu ua"nnuuu MHororoMHux ugAanuftpacKpbrBanocb coAepxaur{e KaxAoro roMa n.nn qacrn. Or-AeJIbHbIe SJIeMeHTbI OnilCaHHfl He BCerAa pa3AerRJIHCb 3Ha-KaMlr npeIIHHaHHfl, I{TO 3arpyAHfJIO BOClpl.lfTHe OnHCaH{fB UCJIOM.

Ilpnrrrepu rl3 peecrpa 1728 r.

Tpar ne BecMa 3HaeMblx qacrb l. coAepxaulas oxo;lo KoH-craHTnHonorn n sa Boctoxe o6HcxaHHHq or Hoauua XpucrnaHa6yxc6ayua, Axaaeuun Hayx ureHa n Caurrnerep6ypre, n Tuno-rpa$nn Axaaeuuu Hayx 1728 B qerBeprb .nncra 6orturus pyKnc 65 rpu4oponaHHHMu Qurypaun.

Ero xe qacrb Bropaq g 4 rncta 6o,nnoft pyru c 50 rpbti[opo-BaHHbTMH Qurypaun.

Corpaulennn MareMartqecKofo, AJtt ynorpe6.neuur Ero Benn-uecrna Huneparopa Bcea Poccnu, 9acrr flepeafl, coAepxaqaqApnQrrreuxy, feouerpuo u Tprronouerpnro. B CaHxrnerep6ypre,neqaraHa n TunorpaQuu AxaAeunu Hayr< 1728 ro4y n 8 Aonlo Jlncrac 7 rpsraoponannunan $nrypauu ua poccnftcKoM r3blKe.

KomueHrapru tiltt v,al,aHtfl AxaAeunn uayx I'IuneparopcKl.tflCaHxrnerep6yprcKHq. flepnan qacrb Ha 1726 rot. B Caurrnerep-6ypre, n Tr.rnorpaQnr.r AxaAevuqecxofi 1728 roly HaneqaraHbl B qer-Beprb JrHcra 6o.nuuofi pyxu c l7 rpHAopoBaHHbltuu Qnrypaun.

Csn ae.ra 6orruras qacrb H3 cneAyounx apyrux HaneqaraHblTaKoxAe Ha 6yuare rpex pyK, a HMsHHo: Ha aneKcaHApuftcxofi nnuleft

42

6yuare Hex.neeHnofi, u ua 6yuare,[.Byx pyK, Ho oIHaKox Bce B oIHyMepy H qhcrory. Ouue Ae.na npHnHcaHbr ero HuneparopcKoMyBe.nnrecrny flerpy Bropor'ly, r.r Car*o4epxr1y Bcepocclrftcxoruy, nnporqas, H nporqaq, n nporrras. flocre xoroporo npHnncaHfig npean-cJroBHe cneayeT, B KoropoM o npoHcxox,u.eHHH H HaMepeHHH cero aenanpocrpaHHee H3aflcHeHo, caMHe oHHe B npuBarHbrx co6paunnx oHoftAxaaeuun npoqnranbr, KpoMe roro qro HHbre lto pagHbrM MarepHffMeule Ha Tpfi KJIacca pa3aeneHbr, Kax o ToM cneAypuaq pocnHcbnoKaxeT:

B x.tacce MareMarsqecxoM

Vaxosa fepuaua, o Mepe cHn B TeJrecax.feopra EepunapAa bynQuHnepa, o clrnax reny noAB[xeHHoMy

BAaHHbTX nO Mepe HX.

Urro.naa Eepuy;urxa, o ABr{r(eH[u reJec or yAapeHus.,(anuxla Sepxyaana, ucnbrraHre HaqaJtoB MexaHnKr{.Haxosa leprrraua, o npo6aeue rnu npernoxeHur.r l(en.nepu-

AHOBOM,Ero xe o uere [HTerpanHoM H [eJrHHcrBeHHoM. [...]

B gracce [cropflqecKoM

OeoQn.na 3trerppn.4a Eafiepa, o HaqarKe u.ruulax cxaSoa.

Ero xe, o MecronoJroxenng CKuOxH B JeraEro xe, o creHe KaBKa3cKofi. [...]

apeBHltx npe6HBa-

fepogoronu.

B rocneAyroqee BpeMr peecrpbr HIH pocnucn KHHr,fiMEIOIIIHXCS B KHIjXHOft JIABKE AXAACUNN HAYK (KHHX(HOftflan aTe ), ny6JI Il Ko Ba Jr Hc b ex(ero,u,Ho oTAeJr bHbt M tr r.t3,u,a H I.t f, M n(e nn4e caMocrosrerbHbrx Bbr[ycKoB). Ha nporaxeHur4 AecflT-KOB JIeT OnHCaHHt B HHX, KaK HH CTpaHHO, He ToJtbKo He coBep-IIeHCTBOBaJIL|Cb, HO, HanpoTHB, B pgAe clyqaeB oKa3btBaJIHcb3HaqHTeJrbHo 6oIee npr.tMHTHBHbrMH, rieM B peecTpe 1728 r.Qaunnnu aBTopoB (nuena unv nHn\nanbr o6brqHo He vKa3br-BaJrHcb) rpHBoAHJrHCb (B poAHreJtbHoM naAexe unr.r B

-QopMe

npHJraraTeJrbHoro) To B HaqaJre oflficaHHq, TO nOCJIe 3arJraBHr;3AFJIABHC AABAJIOCb B CHJIbHO COKPAIqEHHOM, A HCPCAKO I,IB I,ICKAXEHHOM BHAC; BbIXOAHbIE .U,AHHbIC OTCYTCTBOBAJIH;B OTAenbHbrx cnyqaflx_ onycKaJracb Aaxe oaMHrHq aBropa.Hanpnnaep, B peecTpe 1767 r,2 oAHo H3 onn;anufi BbrrrsA;rocneAynur.rM o6pa3oM: <<Onacaxne Kauqarxu B AByx roMaxco MHoFr.tMH rpHAHpoBaHHbrMr{ oHrypaMH>, a Ha Tr.tTyJtbHoMJrHCre KHHrH 3HaqHJrOCb: <onficaHHe 3eMJrr.r Karuqarxl.r coqu-HeHHe CrenaHa KparueunHHHKoBa>. Taxnnn o6pa3oM, B onHca-

2 Peecrp poccnficxlu KHHraM, Koropble npoAanrcg s CaHxrnereo6vor-cxofi araaeutqecxoft xageHnoft xnnxioft JraBKe B Mocxse. n,.'tltOZ.

43

HHH' nponyqeHbl HME H oaMl{nHfl aBropa H BTopoe cJloBo3arraBnq (xorn n yKa3aHo Haruqr.te B KHHre n.n.nncrpaunfi,qro 6u.no AJIfl onncaHnft, noueuaeMblx B peecrpax, AoBonbHopeAKr.rM nnneHneu). B apyrortr onHcaHHH npHBeAeHH cneAyro-ulue cBeAeHnR : < I-pa ru u arlrKa poccnft cxaR rocnoAuHa Jlor,,to-HocoBa>, a Ha rr.rryJlbHoM JIHcre KHHI'H crosJlo: <<PoccHftcxaqrpaMMarr.tKa Mnxaft.na Jlottlottocona>. B arou cryr{ae u3Me-HeH nopflAoK cJIoB B 3arJIaBHH, O[yUIeHO LIMfl aBTOpa, 3aroAo6asreHo JrHrlHee cJIoBo - <rocnoAltxa>. floAo6Hblx npHMe-poB Mo)KHo 6sr.no 6st npr{Becru MHox(ecrBo.

Jlnurr cnycrs 20 .iret onxcaHllfl KHHr B peecrpe aKaAeMI'l-qecxofr runxiHofi JIaBKI{ crarl{ 6onee coBepueHHbttrln: Qaun-Jrr.rs aBropa (e poanre.nrsom naAexe) yKa3blBaJIacb, KaK

npaBr.rJIO, fia nepBoM MecTe, HMf, aBTOpa npl'IBoAHnocb nocne

QauHnuu (e xpyrlux elo6Kax, HepeAKo B coKpaurenHoMiuae), 3arflaBHe Bocnpofl3BoAl'lJIocb 3HaqHreJtbHo 6o.nee

noJIHo H Tor{Ho, orMeqarncb roA H3AaHHfl n Qopuar, a HHorAa

H HaJlnqile HJlJllocrpaqnfi (<c Qurypaun>) ' (Mecro Il3AaHHfl

onycKaJlocb, tlocKoJlbKy Bce KHHTH, BKJIIOqeHHbIe B peecTp'

6srrn HgAaHH B oAHoM H ToM xe ropoAe - CaHxr-flerep-6ypre). Hanpnuep, B pocnucll 1787 n.3 onucaHuff KHHr

tv(. g. JloMoHbcosa BbtrflflAgr cJleAylolrlaM o6pasor',t:

JloMoHocosa (Mnx.) aperHqq PoccHficxan Hcropur or HaqaJIa

Poccuftcroro HapoAa ao KoHirHHbt Be.rlKoro xHxsa fpoc'nanaflepnoro, Hrtt-t ao 1054 roaa. 1766 r. s 4.

- Ero xe r. JloMonocosa rpaxoft Poccnfrcxofi Jleronuceq c poAo-

cJIoBHeM. 1760 r. s 8.

- Ero xe nepBble ocHoBaHHt Meta.n'nyprnn HnH pyAHblx aen' 1762 r's 8. c SurYPaun.

OnucaHfiq tuuororounstx t{sAaHnfr .IIHlltb B oqeHb peAKHx

clyqaqx BKJIIOqaJII,I CneqnouxaqHlo OTAeJIbHblx roMoB' B KO'

roioft pacKpbtBanocb coAepxa HI'le Kar(Aoro rol!'t a' flpu seAe rt,t

lpuMepbl onHcaunft MHol'oToMHblx sgAannft (nepnoe cJloBo

3arraBr.rq AaJIee 3aMeHeHo npoqepKoM, gngqaQfixallHfl TOMOB

AaHa JIHtxb Bo BToPoM orIHcaHHH).

3 Pocntct poccuficxtltl, JlarIlHcKHM, HeMelrKHM' HTa'tIHaHcKHM n QpaH-

uy3cKHM KHIrraM H naHAKapraM' TaKO)K- npocneKTaM' nJlaHaM u ApyfHMgcraMnaM, Koropbte s trun. AxaAeunn Hayx xnnxnoft naBKe npoaalorcq'c noKa3aHHeM qenu. Cn6., 1787. 55 c.

Hcropua Ar.nxHcxan, co'tHH. Panrlna ae Toapaca 1768 r.

- Aarcxas, coqnu. Ma.n.nera. Herupe qacr|, 1775-1786 r. a 8H3 KoHx -

tlacrr I co4epxur a ce6e nponcurecrBnr or HaqaJIaMoHapxnn Ao BcrynneHuq Ha npecron O.n4en6yprcroro aoMa. -Ilacru II or cMeprfl Baa4euapa no6eaouocsoro n l24l roayAo BocuecrBnr Ha npecron a 1448 ro4y Xpucruaua I, nepaoroxopoJrs ua Oa4eH6yprcKoro AoMa. -

tlacrt III, or nocuecranntla npecron Xpncrnaua I 4o cnepxeuua Xpt,tcrnaHa II. - 9acrs IV3ax.rrpqaer B ce6e Bce npoHcruecrBnt, 6unurue s AaHr.rH or cBep-xeHnn Xpncruana II .qo-lllrerrHHcKoro rllupa. Bce versrpe uacrnBMecre, 3 p. 50 xon.

- a nopo3nb KaxAar no I py6.

- Ero xe BBeAeHHe B Hcropuro !,arcxyro, B KoropoM paccyxaaercflo Bepe,3aKoHax, HpaBax n o6brKHoBenHfx apeBHHx.[larqaH.1785 r. s 8. Ase qacrr BMecre, 95 xon.

B H3AaHHbrx rro3AHee peecrpax vrtr pocnllcrx KHHI ,IlpoAaro[lHxcrr B KHHxHoft naBKe AXaAeunu, BpeMfl oT Bpe-MeHH Ha6nloAanOCb BO3BpaUleHHe K 6OJIee npl.tMHTr.rBHofi

Qoprue onHcaHHfl.Tax, s pocltt{cn 1794 r.a He yKa3brBaJrr.rcb HMeHa aBropoB,

Qar',tnrun xe B pqAe cJyr{aeB AaBaJrHcb B SopMe npfinara-Te.nbHoro, HanpHMep <Pa6eHeponu corlHHeHHfl>>, KaK 3TO6u.no eule B <Peecrpe KHHfaM rpa)KAaHcKHM...> l710 r.Orcyrcrsoaa.nn noApo6Hbre oilncaHufl (co cneuu$HKaunefiorAeJrbHbrx roMoB) MHororoMHbrx H3AaHHfi. Taxuu o6pa3oM,npouecc coBepIxeHcTBoBaHHfl onHcaHHfl Aaxe B npeAeJraxoAHOTO H TO|O )I(e n3AaHr.rn npoxoAHJr BecbMa HepoBHo, H_

KaKHe-TO AOCTH)KeHilfl, Ha6JrrOAaB[rHeCf B OrAeJrbHbrX Bbrny-cKax, AaJIeKo He BcerAa coxpaHflnHcb B BbtllycKax nocJle-AyloulHx.

flounuo peecrpoB r.rJrn pocnncefi KHHr, npoAaBaBulnxcflB KHHxHori JraBKe AxaAeuuu HayK, B XVIII B. ny6rilKoBaJrocbMHOXeCTBO peecrpoB HnH pocnHceft ApyrHx KHHxHbrx JraBoK,a raKxe rHnorpaoHfi. Bce oHn, KaK H fa3erHbre o6bsBJreHHflo KHHfax, oTJrr{qaJrr.rcb KpaftHeft npHMHTHBHOCTbTO OIIHCaHHfi,KOTOpbre HHOft pa3 COCTOSJTH H3 OAHOTO JrHltrb 3ar"JraBHrr.

<Becrua MHoroqHcJIeHHbIe B cBoe BpeMfl, H3AaBaBuIHecf3Haqr.rTeJIbHbrM THpaxoM, 3rr.l He6oJrb[rHe no o6beMy raKHa3blBaeMbte <.[eTy'.rHe> v3(aHnf IIor{TH He coxpaHHJIl.tcb, -

{ Pocnncu poccnficxurtt, JraruHCKHM, HeMeqKilM, HTaJlr{aHcKnM n QpaH-qy3cKlrM KHHTaM n naHAKapTaM, TaKox nopTpeTaM, npocneKTaM, TaKox! ApyrHM gcraMttaM, Koropbre s xnlxxofi .lanxe l4uneparopcxofi Ara4eunrHayx npo,qarorcfl, c roKa3aHHeM rIeHH. Cn6., 1794. 64 c.

46

nucaJra T. <D. AQanacbeBa. - OsN coBepueHHo He IreHHJtHcbcoBpeMeHHHKaMH B cHJIy roro, qro Kax(Abtfi nocle4ynutnftpeecrp rofi unu nHofi ragxN HnH rl{norpaQuu Ae.nan HeHyx-HbrM nocreAyrou{nft>.5 BosI'IoxHo, HMeHHo eroft HeAo.nnoBes-HOCTbTO peecrpoB, a raK)Ke crpeMneHueM Bna.u,eJlblleB JIaBoK

HJu{ rnnorpa$ufi xax MoxHo cKopee pacnpocrpaHnru nuQop-Marruro o nocrynuBuux B npoAaxy KHHrax o6lqcHsnaclHe6pexHocrb cocraBJIeHHt onucaHNft. TaK, o <<Peecrpe

Poccnftcxnu KHHraM, npoAalotrlnMcfl ... e xHI'lxHoli JIaBKe,

cocrosulefi y Hosoro Huxo.ltucxoro Mocra In Mocxse] >

a 1796 r. A. 14. Manenu cilpaBeAfl?tBo roBopIlJI, '{ro oH cocraB-JreH <c nopasnrenruofi KparKocrbto H npene6pexeHHeMK qnTarern. 3ar.nasns KHHI coKpaueHbt Ao Hey3HaBaeMocru,Hanp., Aaonr.ra; Ba.nrure; Becra.nxa; Aercxas xuHra;. . .> 6

B XVIII e. ny6;tNxoearucb raKxe KHHroroproBble pocnHcH

KHHr Ha l{HocrpaHnblx g3brKax. Onncasss lrHocrpaHHblx KHHr'

KaK npaBHJIO, TaKXe OTrHqaJIHcb KparKocrblo t',l HeToqHocrblo'Tax, 's pocnxcn 1787 r. onrcaHl{e oAHofi ns SpaHuy3cKHxKHHr BbtrJlflAHT cneAynunu o6paaou:

Observations de passage deVenus a Ponoi. 1769. par Mr Mallet.4.

Hs npnuepa BHAHo, qro Mecro Il3AaHHfl He npHBoAHJIocb'

He 6u.no eAnHbo6pasun B yKa3aHHH Qauu.nnn aBropa (s aaH-HOM CJryqae oHo noMe[IeHo flocre roAa H3AaHHH), HMfl X(e

aBTopa o6st,{Ho He yKagbtBaJlocb.Cpean KHnroroproBblx pocnncefi s;tn peecrpoB XVIII e.'

xapaKrepH3oBaBtrILrxcs, KaK npaBn.no, xpaftu,e_ Hn3KHM ypoB-uertr onncaunft, snrAersJtcs, KaK orMeqaer H. B' 3Ao6nos,JIHlrIb <KaraJlor KHuronpoAaBua Mn.n.nepa c roqnbrM o6ogna-r{eHHeM 3ar.nanufi, roaa LI3AaHHa u Qopuara KHHr. IIo c.llosaMbaxueficrepa, sror KaraJtor 6ul rorAa...B Poccl'tl'l .'.eANHcrseHHoft xHnrofi, npuroAuoft AJIS HaBeAeuun cnpanor>.7

5 AQ a H a cbesa T. O. <Peecrpu> xHnnXVIII s. Mocxoacxofi cHHo-

,qanbHofi rnnorpa$un. - B xH.: KHHra s Poccxu Ao cepeanHbr XIX aexa.

Jl., 1978, c. 170.6 Maaenn A. H. KnnxHue pocnucn XVIII sexa.-Tpy4u Hx-ra

KHnrH, aoKyMeura H nltcbMa, 1936, gun. 5, c. 44.7 3ao6Hos H. B. Hcropnn pyccxoft 6t6.luorpaQnn Ao Haqana

XX sexa, c. 95.

46

Oco6o cneAyer ocrauoBr.rrbcq Ha oAHoM nepHoAnqecKoM6u6.nnorpaQnqecKoM ilslarilu KHHroropnoBoro Ha3HaqeHHfl.3ro 6n6.nuorpaQuvecxuft xypHan <<Russische Bibliothek zurKenntnis des gegenwiirtigen Zustandes der Literaturin Russland> (<Pyccxas 6u6;rnoreKa AJIfl H3yqeHHs coBpe-MeHHoro cocroflHnr nnTeparypbr a Poccrn>), n3AaaaauraficR6n6;rnorpaQoM L yI{eHbIM-3KoHoMLrctou f. JI. X. Eaxr'reficre-poM (1730-1806). Xypna.n BbrxoAHrI s 1772-1789 rn.(acero BbmrJro I I romon) n 6u.tt npuypoqeH x nefinuurcxnuKHHX(HbIM gpMapKaM. Bce ero roMa, BMecre B3flTbIe, coAepxarI 123 onncaHnfl KHr.rn Ha pyccKoM r.r HHocrpaHHbrx n3blKax,ony6nnxonaHHbrx B Poccnu c 1770 r.

B <<Pyccxofi 6n6rnorexe>> baxueftcrepa onncaulrfl pyc-cKr.rx KHHr 6uru Aault B rpaHcJIHrepaIrHLt narnucxl.ttrru 6yr-nauu. TpaHcnnrepHpoBaHHuft pyccxufi TeKcr 3aKJIloqaJIcflB KaBbtqKH, BHAHMO, C IIeJIbIO BbIAeJIHTb Onl.lcaHHfl pyCCKHX

KHr.rr. (B <Pyccxyn 6n6nnorery> 6u.no BKJIrcqeHo HeMaJIous1a*uir, ony6.nnxoraHHblx B Pocctur Ha l,tHocrpaHHbtx g3bl-

xax). OnacaHHfl cocraBJIqrncb de visu c 6o.nluoti roqHocrbtoI.r BKJIrorIaJrr.r s ce6q Bce ocHoBHbte 3JIeMeHTbt. Bcel'Aa Aocra-TOqHO NOJIHO I,I TOI{HO NPHBOAHJIOCb 3ATJIABHC, YKA3bIBAJIHCb

Qaun.nnn aBropa (onucaunn AeJIaJIHcb noA 3arraBHeM),Mecro HgAaHHr, I{3AareJIb LIJIH runorpa$na, KoJIHT-recrBo

crpaHHll, Soprr,tar H ueHa. ,[lna nepenoAHblx KHIar orMer{arocb,c KaKoro fl3brKa oHH nepeBeAeurt. OnucaHHr conpoBoxAaJll,rcbnoApo6HuruH aHHorauHflMu uJtn peQeparaun.

Eyayuu npeAHa3HaqeH Ail:. xsuxsofi roproBJIH, rpyABaxueficrepa B ro >xe BpeMq BbrnoJrHrJr 3aAaqn rexyutefi6n6nraorpaQnqecxofi perucrpauun. <<,[,axe H renepb, cnycrflrrorrru rreJroe croJlerne, - nHcaJI M. V. Cyxolr,t.nnuon o <<Pyc-

cxofi 6u6nuorexe>> s 1889 r.,- yr{eHbte npu3Haor, t{To

HH oAHo Hg rrocJreAynxrHx r{gAaHr.rft e noAo6Horvt poAeHe TOJTbKO He npeB3Or.XJIO, HO He MO)Ker CpaBHHTbCS C npeBo-cxoAHbrM rpyAoM Earr'aeftcrepa>>.8 OAHnU Hg eaxHefiilJlrxAocror.rHcrB Hgrarvfl 6ula, B qacrHocru, TrrareJlbHo pa3pa-6oraHHaq MeroAnKa onHcaHHfl xuur, o6ecneqHBIuafl TotIHocrb,[oJrHory n eAuuoo6pa3ne ollncauuft. Oasaro to o6croqrerl-crBo, qro Bce onucaHnfl pyccKnx KHI{r AaBaJIHcr s rarnHcxoftTpaHcJrHrepauHr{, He MorJIo He 3aTpyAHHTb AJI' pyccKoroqHTareJrfl noJrb3oBaHne rpyAoM baxnaeficrepa.

t Cy*oMJrnHog M. I,l. HccJreaosaHus H crarbtt no pyccxofi uayrer npocBeu{eHnro. Cn6., 1889, r. 2, c.6.

47

Ilprnepu ng,,Russische Bibliothel

"Knigha soderzcaschtschaja w' sebje utschenie o rawnowjesiii dwizchenii tiel', sotschinenie Semena Koteljnikowa. W' Sankt-peterburghje pri morskom' schljachetnom' kadetskom' korpusje1774 ghoda".

166 Oktavseiten, mit 12 Kupferiafeln.,,Poterjann'rij raj, poema Joanna Miltona, perewedena

s' Aghlinskagho. W' Sanktpeterburghje pri Imperatorskoj AkademiiNauk' 1777 ghoda'l.

107 Oktavseiten.

<Canxrnerep6yprcKxe yqeHbte BeAomocrn> H. H. Hosrxosa

3naqurerruHfi HHTepec c rorrKlt 3peHHR MeroAr.rKH onuca-HHfl npeAcraBJrqeT xypHar <cauxrnerep6yprcKHe yqeHbreBeAoMocrH>, H3AaBaBuHftCq H. H. HOeHxoBHM. HecMorpflHa KpaTKOBpeMeHHOCTb CBOenO CyUIeCTBOBaHHg, )KypHaJI3ror 3aHqr BHAHOe Mecro B HcropHH pyccKofi 6u6rnorpaQnn.

3aMe,{areJrbHHft pyccxuft npocBernreJlb XVIII e. HHxoraftHgaHosnq Hosnxoa (1744-1818) poau.ncs B ceMbe cpeAHe-noMecTHoro ABopflHHHa, yqHrcfl B fHMHa3Hn npH MocKoBcKoMyHHBepcHrere, 3aTeM cnyxHJI B nBapAHH s HslvtafiroBcKoMnoJrKy, pa6oraJl s Koil,firccHH AJIq cocraBneHHfl HoBoro V.noxe-HHg. B TaJIbHefiueM B TeqeHHC NOqTH ABaAUATH JICT HOEHXOE

3aHnMarcq KHHroH3AareJrbcKorl, xypHarbHofi u nxreparyp-Hofi AeflTerbHocrbro. B carupauecKHx xypHaJtax" I{3AaBaB-ul,txcg Hoglrxosstttt, noMeluaJrHcb cTaTbH, B KoTopblx o6rHqa-Jrocb KpenocrHHqecTBo, 6HqeearHcu nopoKH ABopflHcKoro06ulecrBa, B brpax aJlocb coqyBcrBI.re yrHereHHbt M Kpecrbff Ha M.

HosHxos cMeJIo BeJI noJIeMHKy c xypHalou ExarepuHut II<BcRxag Bctr{HHa> H HaBreK Ha ce6R rHeB HMneparpnubr.IIo noseneHHn EKarepHHbt Hoarxos npeKparHr'I H3AaHHexypHafloB H neqaraHHe KHHr, a s 1793 r.6ut.n apecroBaH H

3aKJtroqeH e [IlrHccenr6yprcxyro Kpenocrb. Cnycra 4 roAa(nocne cMeprH ExarepnHu) HonHxoe 6un ocBo6oxAeHno yKa3y flasra, Ho yxe He Bo3o6HoBJIsJr cBoro H3AarenbcKyroH nHreparypHyn pa6ory.

AeqrenlHocrr H. H. HoeHxosa HMera orpoMHoe o6ue-cTBeHHOe 3HaqeHHe, a ero caTHpHqecKHe )KypHarbl HaBcerAaBoruJrH B HcropHto pyccxofi nHreparypbt. Hoeuxos 6ut.n sblAalo-rUHMcfl 6u6.ItnorpaQoM, o qeM, B qacrHocrl.l, cBHAereJlbcrByerero xypHan <Cauxrnerep6yprcKHe yqeHbte BeAoMocrH>,

48

EBHBIuHfics nepBblM B PoccHH KpHrHKo-6H6'iruorpaQnuecKuMNCPHOAHI{CCKH M H3AAHHCM.' <CaHxrnerep6yprcxue )4r{eHble BeAoMocrH> npeAnonara.-

Jrocb r.f3AaBarb exeHeAe.trsno c flHBapfl 1777 r', no nepaufi

HOMep xypHana noflBHJICq JIHIIIb B Haqare MapTa (,BblnycKn

l-8'aarnpoBaHbl flHBapeM u Qeapa.ner'a; BHAIIMo, Host{xospaccqHTblBaJl BblrlycTHrb B TeqeHHe foAa sce 52 HOrtlepa)'

buxoa xypHana npeKparnncfl Ha J''l! 22' AarupoBaHHoM2 urc,nn l7i7 r. IlpnuuHa npeKpaureHHs v3l..arvtfl HeH3BecrHa'

Ho Mo)KHo npeAnoJloxnTb, rlro orKa3 or ny6'nNxaunn <Casxr-

nerep6yprcxHx yqeHblx seAol{ocreft > 6sln sbl38a H HeAocr arot{-

HbrM KoJIHqecrBoM noAnHcqHKoB. flo-BHAHMoMy, xypHanoKa3aJtcg cJtHulKoM Cepbe3HblM B ycJIOBl'lflX' KOrAa Kpyf

JrroAefr, HHTepecoBaBurnics HayqHbtMH Bo[pocaMH' 6st'n eueBecbMa orpaHHqeH.v

B ea.uiuy <Casxrnerep6yprcxnx yqeHblx BeroMocreH)>

BxoAHJIo, KaK cKa3aHo B rlpeAHcJIoBHt't x Ng l, <BMelllarb

s ce6e yBeAoMneHHe> o BbluleAunx B PoccuH KHHrax H AaBarb<KpHTHr{ecKoe paccMorpeHn-e H3AaBaeMblx KHHr>' B cooreer-

crsuH c STHM B xypHaJle ny6nnxoaa'nHcb pelreH3uH Ha BblueA-

;;;;t neqarH s?occ'" pas"nnvuue H3AaHH'' Ha crpaHHuax

XVDHAJIA HHOTAA NOMEUIAJIHCb TAKXC CTHXOTBOPHbIC HAANHCH

*'ui"u"ot" uso6paxeuunu> (r. e.Jloprperau) eug'anur'uxca

Aesrelefi Poccnl'r roro BpeMenn. flpeanoJlaraJlocb neqararb

TaKxexH3HeoIIHcaHHfpyccKHXnncareneft,go6lt.ilno}|euleHJrutub oqepK, noaututerrg"fi xfisHll H Aeqr€rbHocrn Ce'trtuq

(I\b l0). -XypHa.n

BbIxoAHn B, BHAe roHKHx -1T!?1f1...1

6oJInuaq peueH3ntt ua <ApenHnn poccHficxylo .BHBJIHo(pHKy)>neqaraJlacb B HecKoJIbKHX HoMepax (c,-nsMerxofi <npoAon)Ke-

HHe cJleAyer>), n rpex HoMepax neqara'flocb onucasHe <Ha-

Ka3a>> EIiarePuHur II.Peues3nfl tr, noMeluenH bl wt s << Ca Hxtnerep6yp rcxHx yqeHblx

BeAoMocrgx>, npeA[IecrBoBaJIH 6n6nnorpaQHqecKHe onfica-

HI,rfl, orJIHqaloluHecfl peaxofi Aera-'IIbHocrblo H ToI{Hocrblo'

OHH coAepxaJIH Bce cBeAeHHs' geo6-xoAllt"tlte AJIR BcecropoH-

Heft xapixrept'rcr"x" H3AaHHr. Kax npaBHJto' onHcaHHe

HaqIrHaJtocb c 3arJIaBHs (.nnurl onncaHHfl KHHr, nepeBeAeHHbIX

c JIaTHHCKOTo, HaqHHaJIHCb c HMeHU aBTOpa B p-oAHTenbHoM

naaexe;. 3ar.nanne rlpnBoAHnocl 6es xaxnx-'llu6o coxpaue-

e Cnvcrq noqrn 100 ler <Cauxtnerep6yprcxueOur,,rn nep"entaanu A. H. Heycrpoeeuu (Cn6'' 1873)'

4 H, A. HnxrQopoocxan

yqeHble BeAoMocrlt>

49

HHi4 H c 6onrurori roqHocrbro. floc.ne 3arJraBr.rf, yra3brBanucbHMfr t4 Qamnnua aBTopa B ToM naAex(e, n xoropou ottn 6lrnnAaHbl Ha rurynbHoM JII'lcre, orMeqaJlHcb raKxe ero nol{erHbreH yqeHbre 3BaHHq. Mecro HsAaHufl o6uqno He yKa3brBaJlocb,oqeBHAHo, B cBq3il c reM, qro oHo 6suo auHeqeHo B KaqecrBepy6puxu (<<Cauxrnerep6ypr> H.nl.r <<Mocxna>),

"o ""a.iuo6osHaqarocb, npH KaKoM yrrpexAeHr.r1 uJtu y KaKoro rr{no_rpaQa KHHra HaneqaraHa. B xosue npxBoAHJIHcb roA r{gAa_HHfl, Sopnaar H qncJro crpaHHrl (s nocreAoBareJrbHocrny::^r.u!rl 3rr.tx rpex 3JreMeHroB ne 6uno eAnHoo6pasnq).L,cooo cneAyer orMerHrb, qro B Onr.rcaHHrx Her.r3MeHHoAa BaJracb KoJrr{qecrBeHHa r xap a Krepr.rcrfi Ka. Ho ca u a Sopu a,a xoropoli oHa npHBoAHJracb, eule ne 6ula eAnuooOpasHbn NHe coorBercrBoBaJra coBpeMeHHoft: nepe4 yxaaaHueru qficracrpaHHrl npocraBnrucq npeAror <Ha>>, CJIOBO <<crDaHHUaX>c:Ipf*rjarycb no-pa3Hovy^^ (Hanpnrraep, <Ha tti+ crp.>,<<Ha JUd crpaHr.luax)>, <Ha 120 crpau.>), a B oAHoM onHcaHHllyKa3aHo: <<coAep)KHr I 30 crpaHrl_q>. IIo-pasnouy yKa3brBancfl, .pfl

-r-.Iu"nn (Hanpnuep, <lT7T roAa> H <a'1770 roAe>).

nHorAa B OnHCaHHH OTMeqaJIOCb HaJll-tr{fie B KHHre ,u,onoJl-HI{TeJIbHblx npousne4eHuft, He ynoMsHyrbtx B 3arJraBr.rH(c'r. HH.xe_ npnMep <<l-ly6;lna Bxprunua Mapona i;t_rr.rK. . .r). Ann nepeBoAHbrx KHr.rr rtpr.tBoAHJrHcb HMfl n Oauil-JrHff nepeBoAr{r4Ka, a raKxe ero 3BaHHe. Hepeaxo yxaauna-Jlocb, KoMy <<[pflrrucaHa>, T. e. flocBfluleHa KHHfa (co sceM]rTrrryJraMu H 3BaHHtMr.r AaHHoro Jrr{ua)

B onucanun MHororoMHoro HgAaHHr AaBaJIacb cneuuOu-KAIIHfl OTACJIbHbIX TOMOB: qACTHOC 3ATJIABHC KAXAOTO TOMA(ecrn oHo- llirle.noct), roA l.r3AaHHfl H q|l,cilo crpaHHu.

Bo truornx onficaHxflx no4po6Ho pacKpbrBanocb coAep-xaHxe KHHrH: flepequcJlflJlacb Ha3BaHr,tfl rJIaB, crarefi - a

Apyrux MarepHaJroB, ony6"nuxonaHHbrx e Hefi. Oco6ofi .q,eraJrb_Hocrbto orJrHqaJracb xapaKrepHcrHKa coAepx(aHHfl <<Apeauelip3.^.-ll^.Io1 a n e.n H oQ u x n >. rI o4po6H o p a c Kp brro coAe p )K a H He<<rraKa3a> EKarepuHbr ll, xunr <<Aocyru nnn co6panre corln-Heunft H nepeBoAoe> MHxaHra flonona, uflepiue o."o"i,MerarlJryprHH H pyAHOfO Aera>, <<ontcasue pHr,rcxr.rq Barn_xaHCKHfl UepKBH> lr Ap. 3ro rroMoraJlo rtnrareJrlo noJIyqHTbgaN6onee noJIHoe npeAcraBJIeHHe o KHHre.

B <CaHxrnerep6yprcxr.lx yr{eHbrx BeAoMocrflx>> Hoer.rKoBrrpaMeHsJt r.r o6teAtHeHHoe onHcaHue. Tax, B oAHoM onr.rcaHHH(oueul 6olrurou no o6teuy, noaroMy ono 6tr.no no"aur""oB psAe HoMepoB xypuana) o6teAnsenu cBeAeHH, o Mnoro-

50

qncreHHbtx H3AaHHflx <<Haxaga> Exarepauu II, e roM qucre

r.r o Bcex nepeBoAax ero Ha I{Ho-crpaHHble fl3blKI'l (.naruucxufi'Heueqxnft u Spanuyscxnli). Cneayer flotlcHnrb 3Aecb, qro

cro.nr o6crosidnuno-e oIIHcaHHe ,<Haxa3a>> orHIoAb He 6u'no

nponBJIeHHeM <<BepHolroAAaHHuqecKHX>> r{yBcrB HoBIlxoea,xbropufi, KaK Mbt BI,tAeJII't, He 6_oqrcq Bcrynarb B noneMlKyc xypHanou Exarepnnu II. Herusq cr{Hrarb ero raKxeoAHr.rM Jlr.lub npoflBJIeHHeM rleAaHTH3Ma ycepAHoro 6vt6ttuo-

rpada. Kax o6tscttqer A. B. 3anaAos, <<Exarepl'lHa npHHflJIa

ilepst x rouy, vro6bt eK3eMnJIffpu Haxaaa 6u.nn cnpnranunoaaJlbue, H HoBoe HsAaHHe npeAHa3HaqaJlocb He Arfl Poccl'tl"t,

a A.nq 3anaAuoft Eeponu, B rJta3ax xoropoft oHa xoreJla noA-

Aepxarb penyrauulo cnpaBeAJll'tBoft t'louapxultll' Teu 6onl-luyro cMeJlocrb npoflBl.{.n HoeHroe' HanoMHHBuruft o6 arou,qo*y"""t" n o pi6ore KouHcct'tll, Iia 3aceaaHnax xoropoft,HecMorpR Ha Bce nperpaAbl, ropflqo o6cyxaanocb noroxeHneDvccKHx KDenocrHblx KPecrbflH>.''" no*" hoapo6uono onHcaHHfl <Haxasa> HsraHilA 1770 t'co BceMH nocreAylouHMH AOIOJIHeHI'ltlMH K HeMy AaH nepeqeHb

BCeX rJIaB, BXOASXIHX g <<HaKa3>, a AaJIee yKa3blBaercfl:

Onpu,rs cero 6u.nn eure H3aaHxg Ha pa3Hblx fl3blKax' Koropble

MH 3IECb ONHUICM:

l.) Coaepxauree e ce6e nepBble 20 raan; neqaraHo Ha oaHoM

Poccufrcrcox R3blKe, B 8 a' n., s Mocrcae' npu Cenare, 1767 roaa's Htore Mectue.

2.) Coaepxauree s ce6e nepBbre 20 rnas na Pocctlf,cxou Rsuxe'

c [pHcoBoKynn euueu Hene4xoeo'nepeBoAa; neT ' a Mocxne, npn Hune-

paiopcxou'Vausepcurere' s 1767 roae' B ceu HeueqxoM nepeBoae

b6p"iurot pa3Hocrb npornBy nepeBoaa Caurctnerep6ypzcroeo- v3l'.3BHfl.--

a.l CoAepxaqee s ce6e 22 rJraBbI, neq' Ha oAHoM Poccuficrcox

t3blKe, B 8 a. Jr., s C.n.6., npu Cenare, n 1768 roae'4.'1 Hete4xud Mocroecrcurt nepeB-oa' BHeceH Bo BTopoe-H3AaHxe

Hoaonpe.uenennua Poccuu nau' Xurun Exarepnuu II' lteq'

t JIefi'6quee.- 5.) 'Cauufi cefi xe nepeB-or HaneqaraH g Jlefi6uHre oco6o'

, Vgâteneu HoaonpeneveflHbtn Pocctllt'' - -^-6.) @pan4gscxud nepeso.4, -c-oAepxaurnft

s ce6e- 22 rtaau'neq. g 8 ir. r., e C.n.6-'' npu Huneparopcxofi Aralenuu nagrc'

s 1769 roae.

. Bceeo nepequcrrelo II usdanuir <Haxaeat Ha pgccKot u

ulocrparurux Sguvax' a ra'gce onucaHu' doxgnenrw:-grcqauu np,, <npucolovgnJteflflue> r nocnedueng usdanuto <Harasa>

e 1777 e.

r0 3 a n a ao s A. B. Hoesxos. M., 1968, c. ll8.

5l

B qeJroM <Casxrnerep6yprcxue yqeHHe BeAoMocrr.r>oTJrHqarilcb BbrcoKHM AJts CBoero BpeMeHH ypoBHeM onHcaHHr,a no csoefi noJluore H ror{Hocru He ycrynanr onncaHlrrM,cocraBJlfleMbtM B Halult AHH. Hx ueAocrarKoM flBJrgJtocb,noxanyft, orrHcaHHe <aBTopcKr.rx> nporgBeAeHHfi He noA$arrrnlnefi aBropa, a noA sanJranueu (ia HcKflroqeHueM KHHr,IICPCBCACHHbIX C JIATHHCKOI'O fl3bIKA, rAC, KAK YNOMI,IHAJIOCb,Ha [epBoM Mecre rrpnBoAHJrocb r{Mq aBTopa), a raxxe orcyr-crBne eAHHoo6pasun B yKa3aHnu BbrxoAHbrx AaHHbrx H KoJtH_qecrseHHoft xapaKTeprcrHKH.

ll prrrrepu ng < Caxxrnerep6yprcxxx yqexHx seAoilocref, ra) o4uorouHue u3aan[ff

nyEJll,lfl BVlPlVnII,fl MAPOHA fEOpfHK, uau o 3ente-detuu uerwpe Kflueu, c Jlarnscxono r3brKa nepeBeAelru Ha Botoede.vrsAaHbl B cBer c HcnpaBneH[eM Bo MHorHx Mecrax BacutoenI-pueopbesu4eil Pg6anon, r. Koa.nexcxllu Acceccopou u BoaonoeoPoccuticKo?o Co6panun npu Hnneparopcvo,rl Mocioacrcon Unueep-curere ttaeuo.u, c npncoBoKynnenueM flepBbrr BupeutueaoL Ercaoiu,Ha3brBaeMbrq Turup, u c npno6uleuneu flpuuevannri. fleqarasaHa xxAHBeHHH KHrlronpoaaBua_K. B. Muattepa, npt Aprutaepudcxoxu- Ll HtrceflepHotx Ka.dercrcon Kopngce, co4epxaielnun rtnbrpaQnuX. @. Kneenon n E. JL fehee, i g .q. .n.,'1777 rorc, Ha 104 irp.Ilpunucana

. Eno Cseilrocru CssueHHbrx pxrracxfl q lt"ir"fnn (nal',o

I pueopan A,oerccandpoauug II orenxuxg.rrepaue ocHoaaflun ile-Tan.ngpeuu, HnH pyAHbrx Aen, nepeBeaeHHaflc Heueqxoro sa Poccnftcxnfi-'ssux Kolaexcxulr Co"irn"*om n

IlpoQ-e-ccoponr Xuuut, Msxafilou Bacu.nleqeu .IloMonocosulr. fl€q.npu Uuneparopcxofi Axa4eunu Ha-y-r, B g A. a., e 1763 roli,lu 461 crpaH. _flpnnxcaHa Ee Hnrneparopcronry Be.nnqecriy,ncenpecBerneHruefr u tssruxoft^ Hnneparpuqe, Exareprue li.^- _Kqa1rcax Mu$oaoeua c Oeudueawnu' Ilfeapar4"nulrru, nepeae_O_eHa c QpaHqg3c$ozo nswxa_C. 6. IIe,r. e runoepaeuu MopcxoeoUnnxercrcoeo Kadercrcoao Kopnyca, 1766 eoda,'s'12 0. 'n.,

na128 crpanu4ax.

6) runorororuHbte n3AaHHtIlsaecrua Busanrudcrcux Hcropurcoe, o6,oacaanuque poccufr-

cxyto Hcropua dpeanux apeilefl u nocenelu, "apoaoai

ioapiiiwe,!^!!?"y!r"recKu.& nopnd.Koil pacnorrolcennwe, Haanon

.

lllrpur-repon. IIeq. e 6 d. tr. npu Ilnneparopcrcofi Arca1enuu Hagr: Vacro I.o_CaaonnaL a 1770 eode, na 135 crp.; Uacro ll. o foreai, Bandana,x,fenudax, Epgnax, Uunax u Aaapax, a l77l eode', na l4l crp.iVacro III. o Poccax u Bapneax, a 1774 eode, na226 crp.; rlacro iV.o B_oteapax, Bnqlgx, Xasapax,,^l(onanax, Uqax, Iletenieax, Benepaxu Tarapax, e 1775 eode, na 308 crpanu4ax.

,I[ocgeu, uau Co6panue Co.runenurt u llepeaodoe e. Muxafutaqo

Ilonoea;2 .!acru, ne'r. e 8 d. a. npu Hnneparopcrcort Axadenuu Hagr,e 1772 eode; Ilepaan ,tacrb fla 258, a eropan na 320 crpaHuqax.

Il attee npuaeden nodpo1nwfr. nepeqetb npoueaedeaufi, axodnuluxa xaxdga us ,aacrefi.

Penepryap pyccKoft KHHTH. <6n6anorexa poccuficKast- hduaixnHa (4. E. CeMenosa-Pyanena)

B XVIII B. npeAnpHHnMalorcs nonbtrKu co3AaHHs penep-ryapa pyccKoft KHHTH. Taxyro 3aAaqy nocraBHrl nepeA co6ofiA. H. DoraaHoB, pa6oraBrilHfi B bn6luorexe AraAeuuH Hayx.B npu.noxeHnn K cBoeMy 6o.nruroruy rpyAy <Kparxoe BBeAe-

HHEIS HCTOPHqECKOC I,I3bICKAHHE O HAqAJIE-H TIPOH3BCACHHI'I

Bcex soo6qe a36y,{Hblx cJIoB . . .> (1775) oH noMecrl'lJlrepeqeHb pyccKlrx KHHr, o3arnaereHHHft <Kparxoe co6paHHeneqarublx KHHr. . .u. Tpya 6orAaHosa He 6bIJI Hanel{araHH AO HaC He COXpaHHJlCfl, tlo3TOMy Mbl He MOXeM rloJlyqHTbnpeAcraBneHnfl o xapaKrepe onHcaHufi, noMe[reHHblx B HeM.

Peneptyap pyccxoft KHHrt{ ttblraJIcfl cocraBHrb raKxeapxeorpiQ r ncropnx H. H. Eauruur-Kaueucxnft-- (1737-lbl4),

- ynpaBnflnqnft MocxoBcKHM apxHBoM Ko.nnernn

I'tHocrpaHHblx AeJI, co6paournri n ony6.nnroeasuHfi MHo)Ke-

crBo MarepHaJIoB tro HcropHH PocctlH, aBrop pqAa c_o_tIHHeHHfr

n o6lacrn HcropHH cJIoBecHocrH n QN.nocoQuu. Vu 6ntnanoAroroBJteHa KaproreKa, coAepxau{afl oKoJIo 4000 raprovexc onHcaHHqMH neqarnblx KHHr c XVII s. ao 1805 r. BKJIIoI{H-

reJrbHo. Xorn rpyA EaHruura-KaMeHcKoro 3axBarblBaer H

HaqaJIo XIX e.,- iocrasnqrcq oH B ocHoBHoM e XVIII s.'B HeM npeo6nalaror H3AaHHfl XVII-XVIII as., nosroMyo HeM Uenecoo6pa3Hee roBopHTb B pa3AeJIe, nOCBtluleHHoM

XVIII e.H. H. Bauruur-Kauescxrfi ncno.nt3oBaJl BecbMa Heo6blq-

Hyro Qoprtly onncaHnfl: Ha Kaprot{Kax, KaxAafl H3 Koropblx6ur.na roquo raKoro xe $optuara, KaK I'l onucblBaeMar KHHra,KOnfi poBaJr Hcb rHTyJlbHble JIncrbl, rlpHqeM BocnpoH3BoAHr acbHe roJrbKo nocJleAoBareflbHocrb yKa3aHHfl 6n6.nnorpaQHue-cKHX cBeAeHnfi, Ho Aaxe pacnoJloxeHl'le Hx no crpol{KaM'BOCCO3AABAJIHCb PHCYHKH H YKPAlxCHHfl' HMCI'OIIIHEC'I HA TH-

TyJrbHoM JrHCre. Taxnu o6paaou, KaproreKa npeAcraBJltlerco6oft xax 6n co6paHue <<$ororpaQHfi>> rury.nlublx JIHcroBKHH[, Aa erqe BblnonHeHHblx .Taroe [peAenbHo roqHoe BocnpoH3BeAeHHe scex oco6eHHo-

53

crefi ooopMJreHHfl rHrynbHoro JrucTa, no Bcefi BepoFTHocTH,HMeJro uerbo o6rerqnrb 6esouru6ovuyro llAesrsQxxauun;rlo6oft Hg o[HcaHHbrx KHHr. Oanaxo onxcaHus bauruura-Kaueucroro AaJreKo He BcerAa coAepxanH AocraroqHonoJlnylo xapaKrepncruKy KHHTH. flounuo cseAeHr.{fi, noMeuleHHbrx Ha THTyJtbHoM JtHCTe, Ha KapTOqKe yKa3brBanocbJrHrub KoJrnqecrBo crpaHHu - no Soprue: <Crp. 120>. Apy-rr4e xe cBeAeHHf , oTcyTcTByrotqHe Ha T[TynbHoM JIHcTe,Ha Kapror-rKe He orMeqaJIHcb, Aaxe ecJIH oHr.I u 6amn geo6xo-AHMbr AJrs xapaKrepucruKn KHHTH. TaK, B oAHoM r.r3 npHBoAH-Mbrx HHxe npxMepoB He yKa3aHbr HMfl, H Qauu.rrua aBTopaKoMeAHH <DpnraAnp> n. n. QoHgnsr.rHa (n.nu <DoH-Br.r3HHaB HanilcaHHu roro opeueHN), xorfl oHH BpsA .lru 6uln seng-BecrHbr cocraBHreJIro KaproreKH. Hs cseAeunfi, orcytctselas-r.rrHx Ha THTynbHoM JrHcTe, KpoMe yKa3aHHg cTpaHHu, B BHAer.rcKJrroqeHHs cocTaBHTeJIb IIpHBOAHJT TOJTbKO CJIOBa <neqaTaHa6es ro4y>, ecJm B KHrlre orcyrcrBoBaJro yKa3aHHe Ha foAH3NAHHfl.

Ilpnrepu ll3 Kaprorerl H. H. Banrnura-Kaxencrorort

Anrona llonora/ ga6aaHue carupxuecxne/ u Hpanoyurrelrnue/uaLnscnf uauf enurpauuu/ g4n noassbr s yBece.rreHHn o6qecraa/ts4auHue/ BropHM ntcanueu/ neqaraHH o Canxrnerep6ypre/ r ru-uorpaQnx M. OsquxHxxoza./ 1786 ro4a./ Crp. 51.

Bacnt / HpaBoyqxreJbHue/ c Hetrcreunnun f rocnoanua 6aponalo.rr6epra/ Ilepenel/ Aexuc <DoH-BnaHn./ Tperre H3AaHHe c npn-6asneaneuf 42 6acet./ Mocxaa, n rnnorpaQan Kounaunn rnno-rpaQH.recrofi./ 1787./ Crp. 227.

Epuralup/ Koueaua/ s 5-rn 4eficrsnnx./ B C.-flerep6ypnereqaraHa 6ea roay./ Crp. 132.

6pyr./ Tpareana./ As couuuentft/ n. Bo;rrrepa./ Hx,qfisenleuH. Hosflxoaa u xonnatun.f B Mocxne/ B yxunepctrercxoft rnno-rpaQun/y H. Honxroaa. 1783 rorc./ Crp. 127.

HecparHeuHo 6oree yAaqHbrM Bo Bcex orHorrreHlrsx 6btJronbrr co3AaHHs pelepTyapa pyccKofi KHHTH, npeAnpHHqTbrfiBr.rAHbrM AesTeneM pyccKoft Kynbrypbr H npocBeueHHr erlHcKo-noM AaMacKHHbrM (A. f. CeMeHoabrr',r-PyAneeur'l).

Ir'rurpnft EQumonNu CeueHon-PyAnes, B MoHarrrecrBe

" Tpyo H. H. Eauruura-Kauencroro He 6ua 3aBepueH H ocraJrctreony6,rnxoaauxnu (o xaprorere). Jlsrus s 1894 r. B xypHare <Kusro-BeAeH[e] (Ns 3 H 4) 6u;ra HaneqaraHa He3HaqHTe.[b[afl ero qacrb.oTKyAa HaMH H 3aHMCTBOBaHbT npHMepH.

54

,IlauacxuH (1757-1795), oxouullr Moct<oscxyn Cnanxuo-rpeKo-narHHcKyro aKaAeMHIo, npenoAaBaJl pHTopHKy H rpe-q-ecxufi r3brK B KpyrNuxofi ceMHHapfiH e Mocxee, 3areMB TeqeHHe rrrecrlr Jrer cJIyrxaJI JreKuHH no Hcroplln, Qn.noco$ut'tr{ ApyrnM npeAMeraM s fertnHreHcKoM yHHBepcHrere;TorAa )r(e oH Har{aJI 3aHu}tarbcfl HayqHbIMH rpyAauu a o6-Jracrn pyccxofi ncropun. BepHyeurucs s Poccnlo, oH tloJIyqHJI3Banr.re npoQeccopa cJloBecHbrx HayK H qepxonHofi HcropHH,6Hn HasHaqen yqnTereM C.[asquo-rpeKo-Jlarnscxoft aKaAe-Mr{H, no3AHee npr{Hgn MoHatrlecrBo, cran peKTopou Axa4emuu,gareM noryr{Hn caH enr.IGKona Ceecroro, a BnocJleAcrBHHenr.rcKona HnxeropoAcKofo. AartlacxuH 6tt.n q"neuotrt Bo.ns-Hono poccuficxoro co6paHnq npil MocxogcxoM yHHBepcurereu Poccnftcroft axaaeunfi, corpyAHHrIaJI B <<ApeeHefi poccnfi-cxofi eHsruoQuxe> H.I,I. HosnroBa, [oAroroBHJI H ony6"nnxo-nan <<Co6paHt,te pyccKxx corluHeHnft> M. B. JloMottocoea(1778\.

Eu6;ruorpaSuqecxuft rpyA,[,auacrnHa 6u.tt 3aAyMaHKaK perepryap pyccxofi KHHTH, t{ro BHAHo y)Ke I'13 ero 3arra-sHfl: <<Elr6rHoreKa poccnftcxan H.nH CseAeHHtl o Bcex KHHrax,s Poccnr{ c HaqaJIa rlrnonpaQnn B cBer eblilJeAunx>>. OH

coAepxaJl nepeqeHb pyccKHx H cJlaBflHo-pygg1lx neqarHblxKHHr, fioflBltBruuxcfl n nepnoa c 1517 r. no 1785 t. BKJlloqu-TeJrbHo. Marepnal 6u.il pacnoJloxeH B xpoHoJIornqecKoMrropflAKe. Onucauus g 6orstul'tHcrBe clyr{aeB corlpoBoxAa-Jl.rcb yKa3auueu 6n6.nuoreK, B Koropblx HMerorcfl AaHHbleKHHrH; raKHM o6pasou, <<Bu6nuorexa poccuficxaf> tlBJIrJIacbs xaxofi-ro Mepe H cBoAHbtM KaraJloroM 6H6.nHorex.

Tpya,4,art,tacKuHa He 6u.n 3aBeplxeH H.ltpn xlt3Hn cocraBu-TeJrs He neqaraJlcfl. B 1848 r. B. M. VuAonlcxt'1ft HaneqaraJlHaqaJIo <<6n6.nnorexu poccuficxoft> (r'ratepna;r ao 1693 r.), ttoHa sroM pa6ora npeKparllJlacb, a Iz3AaHHe He BblllIJIo B cBer.B l85l r. VHAonlcxlttl gaHoso HaneqaraJl HaqaJIo rpyAa

.[,auacxuHa (xa eror pa3 MarepHal 6un AoBeAeH ao l7l3 r.) 'Ho pa6ora onnrb 6srna npepeala, v H3AaHI{e se 6u.no P?lny-r{eno s cner (coxpaHHJIHcb JIHtlIb r{Hcrble .nucrul). B l88l r.HaqaJto <<En6.nuorexn pocct'tftcxofi> 6ntno ony6.nnxoeaHo(no pyxonlrcu, npHHaAJlexaurefi K. C. Cep6uHon-r'ruy)-a cepllu<flar,asrHuxn apeanefi nrcbMeHHocrH)> (r. XI). B KHI'Iry

BoueJI Marepaar roJtbKo Ao 1699 r. r{epee l0 nel B npHJloxe-sl.rr.r x <tlrenuqM B O6ulecrse ucropnll I{ ApeBHocreft poccnfi-cKHx npn Mocxoscxorit yHHBepcnrere> (189 l,.rH. l) 6u.nu,HaKoHeq, ony6.nuronaHbl qt'rcrble JIHcrbI <<En6luorexn poc-

55

cuficxofi>, HaneqaraHHue VsAo.rrlcKHM B 1848 u l85l rr.B npe4uc.nonus x aroft ny6.nuxaqnu C. A. Ee.noxypoB nHcaJr,qro MarepnaJl, noAroroareHnHfi VsAontcxxu, He norepflJlcBoeno 3HaqeHHq H rrocJre ny6.nnxaqnn rpyAa ,[,amacxauas l88l r. He roJrbKo noroMy, qro H3AaHHe l85l r. BKJrroqaerKHr.rrH, ony6;ruxosaHHbre Ao l7l3 r., Ho H noroMy, qro sroH3AaHHe sBJrgeTCf <rOpa3AO 6O.nee nCnpaBHbrM>. K coxa.ne-Hulo, VHAo.nbcKHM 6lt.no ganeqaraHo .nnurr 395 JrHcroB H31484 rncros pyKonHcn Aauacxnua. Taxnu o6pasor'1, lor{rnsa 31 4 pyKo[Hcb Ao cnx nop He ony6"nnrosaua.12

<En6lnorexa poccnftcxafl> flBJrsJracb Anfl cBoero BpeMeHHrroAJrHHHo HayqHbrM 6n6luorpa$Hr{ecKuM rpyAoM. B Hefi.{,auacxnH noKa3a.[ ce6R HacroqqHM 6n6.nuorpaQoM H npe-KpacHbrM 3HaroKoM KHHTH. 06 3ToM cBHAereJIbcrByror,B qacTHocTH, cocTaBJreHHbte HM onHcaHHR H aHHOTaUHH.<OnucaHus KHHI B <Eu6nnorexe poccnftcxofi>,- orMeqaJrC. A. Peficep,- 6u.nn cAeJraHbr de visu H no noJrHore oxBaraH ToqHocrn He HMeJIH ce6e panuuX>,13 a H. B. 3ao6noB yKa3br-BaJr, r{To (B ueJroM no MeroAaM o6pa6orxa MarepHaJla Aauac-KHH onepeAun MHonHx nocneAyrournx 6u6luorpa$oB>.14B cesgH c reM, qro <Bn6nuoreKa poccnficxag> npeAcraBnnerco6oft BbtAatoqeecr sBJIeHHe B HcropHH pyccxoft 6n6nnorpa-$uw, a MeroAHKa onncaHlls ,[,auacxnua 6Hra Arq cBoefoBpeMeHH BecbMa nporpeccHBHofr, uu paccMorpnM noApo6Hopa3nHqHue rnnbr onucannit vt auHoraqHfi, BcrpeqanulHecflB rpyae Aauacxnsa

Msorue onncaHnrr s <6H6rHorexe poccuficrofi>> orluqa-nncl 6o;tuulofi Aera;rssocrblo H no3BoJrrJril noJryqHTb Bcecro-poHHee npeAcraBJIeHHe o6 oflHcbrBaeMofi xHHre. B ro xeBpeMq B psAe cJryqaeB AauacxuH noMexlaJr B cBoeM rpyAeH npeAenbHo KparKHe onHcaHHfl. Telr ue MeHee npH npocMorpe<Bn6.nsorexu poccnficxori> orsnAu He co3Aaercn Bner{arre-uHa ue6pexHocrn pa6orbl cocraBHrerfl H HapyueHnn HMeAHHcrBa npHHuHnoB orrHcaHnfl, nocKoJrbKy paaHufi rroAxoAK onHcaHHro KHHr y AauacxHHa 6urn HeugueHHo onpaBAaH.

l2 Pyxonncr <bs6;laorexs poccnficxofi> HaxoaHTcR ceftqac s pyKonHc-HoM oraere locy4apcrneuHofi 6n6,rroreru CCCP nrrr. B. H. JIeHnna.

O,reul xeJateJrsHo, uro6u aTa pyKonHcb 6u,ra, Haxoxeq, ony6,rlxonaHa,nocKoJtbKy oHa Moxer npeAcraBHTb HHTepec A.ln 6u6.nnorpaQos n ucropnxoaKHHTfl.

13 P e fi c e p C. A. XpecrouarHfl no [cropHu pyccxofi 6n6;rHorpaern,c. 40.

't 3Ao6xos H. B. HcropHr pyccxofi 6n6.ruorpa$nn, c. 12l.

56

Han6o.nee noApo6Ho onHcbIBaJI AauacxsH peAKHe KHHrH H

Bce u3AaHHs, npeAcraBnslourne ficKJlloqnreJllultfi HHrepec nueHHocrb. Kpatxne xe onHcaHHr cocraB.IItJIHcb Ha KHHrH'

trrHpoKo pacnpocTpaHeHHble H oAHoTHrIHble no coAepxaHHlo.Hepeaxo Ha qeJlbte rpynnbl oAHopoAHblx KHHr cocraBJltJlucbo6reAuHessble onncaHHn (HanpNuep, HHorAa noA o6ulnu3anJraBHeM onncbtBaJlncb MHoroqHcJleHHbIe c.nyxe6uule uep-KOBHbre KHHrfi, CyUeCTBOBaBlUHe B orpoMHoM KOJ|HqeCTBe

ngAaHufi - <<c.llyxe6HHKH>, <rpe6unxu>, <<qacocJloBbl>>

n r. n.).Kax npaeu.no, oIIHcaHHfl <aBTopcKHX>> KHHr n <6n6nuorexe

poccuficxoft> HaqHHarucb c HMeHH u Qauu.nnn aBTopa B poAH-

ie.nrsottr naAexe. Vlr,rn u Qaunnun aBropa B HaqaJlo oIIHcaHHrHe BbrHocHJlttcu o6utqHo B Tex cryt{aflx, KorAa HM B KHHre

npeAIrIecrBoBaJI npeAnof <qepe3>. Kportle HMeHH aBTopa,HepeAKo yKa3blBaJIOCb efo 3BaHHe, qHH, AOJIXHOCTb' qro npn

onncaHHH crapltHHbIx xHnr 6u.no oco6enno BalKHo, nocKoJlbKy

IIO3BOJIflJIO OTJIHIIHTb APYT OT APYTA NPOH3BCAEHHq PA3HbIXaBTOpOB, HMeBIIHX OAHHaKOBbIe HMeHa.

3arnaaHe BocnpoH3BoAHnocb Aauacxusutr{ s 6onlul'IH-crBe cryr{aeB AocraroqHo noJIHo H Tor{Ho. JInurs Han6o.nee

AJIHHHbTe 3afJlaBHtl' HHorAa 3anHCbIBaJIHCb COKpaIUeHHO'

HO npH 3rOM nOJrHOe 3arraBHe npHBoAHJIOCb B aHHOTaIIHI',I.

Hanpnrr,|ep, B OnI'lCaHHH yKa3blBaJIOCb 3arJIaBHe <KHnrao Bepe>, a B aHHorauun 6u.no cKa3aHo: <Tnry.n e-c-ecrb cre-Aytcunfi:,,KHLIra o eepe eAnHoft, cnfltoft, Co-6opHofi Anocroll-ciofi qepKBe, Koropan roA paccyAox lJ,epxae BcxoAHHqnoA'bAaercfl">. H3peAxa 3arJIaBHe B onncaHnn conpoBoxAa-JIOCb,U.OnOrHl{TeflbHbIMI'l CBeAeHHqMH, KOTOpbIe' HcnoJIb3yfl

nogAHefiuyn repMHHororurc, MoxHo 6u.tlo 6u Ha38arb<<noA3aroJIOBOqHbrMH AaHHbtMH>, HanpHMep <c JIHtIHblMI',l

Qaryparrara> (r. e. c uao6paxeHHrM14 JIHU, noprperaun ) 'i.Repeeoa c fpeuecxoro> H r. n., uo 6ollurefi qacrln raKotopoAa cBeAeHHr noMetuaJlHcl Aan'tacxusltttt B aHHorauHH'

Hs ocrantHbtx 3JIeMeHroB onncaHl'ln npnBoal'lJIHcb BblxoA-

Hbre AaHHbte: Mecro nsAaHHn (B npeAJIoxHoM naAe)Ke'

HanpuMep: ilJtt4 <HaneqaraHa B Mocxee>),H3AareJrb HJIH rHnotpa$nn (aa.neKo He BcerA?)' roa H3AaHI'lfl

(s orAerlHstx cnyqanx KaK no crapoMy, raK H no HoBoMy

JlerocqncJteuuro). Ec;rn Mecro HJIH I'oA H3AaHHfl B KHHI'e

orcyrcrBoBa.nn, AauacxnH o6uqHo yKa3blBaJI: <6eg noxaga-HHfl Mecra> unu <6eg noKa3aHHg.ner>. B orlucaHHH orMeqaJlctlTaKxe Qopuar KHHrH: <R 4-tr>, (B aecrb>, I{ T. n'

57

Oco6uli HHrepec npeAcra_Bnflror aHHoraqHH, colpoBox-Aaroulue MHorue onncaHurr. 6o"ntuas Hx gacrb no cBoeMycoAep)KaHr.rrc Hepa3pbrBHo cBq3aHa c orrHcaHHeM H ,rl,orroJrHrreTero, Hnpafl po.nl 6t6.nHorpaQnuecxax npnMeqasuft. AHuora-ulril qacro 6unu oqeul noApo6uu, Ho B ro xe BpeMB Aocra_' roqHo JIaKoHHrlHbr. Hepeaxo B aHHorarluflx orMeqaercq. qroAaHIryo KHHry BHAeI H qHTaJl carra .[,auacKr.rH, H yKa3brBa-ercrr, B xaxoft 6n6nuorexe oH 3HaKoMHJrcfl c KHr.tfori.-Ecnn xeKHHra He MorJra 6urt npocuorpeHa de visu, yKa3brBaercr,H3 KaKHX HCTOr{HI,TKOB IIOJIyqeHbt cocTaBHTeJIeM CBeAeHHflo Hefi.

B ausorauHrx, KaK y)Ke roBopnJrocb, npHBoAHJrocb rroJrHoe3afJraBHe KHr4rrl (ecna a onHcaHHH oHo AaBaJtocb B coKpaue_Htu). Tarr,t xe coo6ulalHcb cBeAeHus cj q3lrxe KHHrH: <Ha cTa_pHHHOM CJIaBeHCKOM fl3brKe>, o ToM, qTO KHHfa [epeBeAeHac Apyroro fi3brKa, npH 9TOM qaCTO yKasbrBaJrocb, KeM OHa6u.na nepeneAeHa: <a c I'peuecroro Ha CnaeeHcxnfi qstrxnepenoxeHo Oruou Bnranneu Hr.yMeHoM n .[,y6ne, e Eero-pyccna>>, H T. n. Ecnu anrop KHHril Hlvl ee nepeno4uprx 6unHCH3BCCTCH, COCTABHTEJIb HHOTAA OTMCqAT B AHHOTAI{HH:<Kro anrop cero Karexn3nca - He noKa3aHo>, <Kro H KoraacHro KHHry nepeBoAnJr, He noKa3aHo> u r. rr. HHorAa B aHHora_unn npHBoAr{JrHcb cBeAeHHs o6 anrope npeAucnoBHs: <l-lpeAn_cJroBHe Ha cnro KHHry nHcaJr Hepououax Ilouna Tpyqeatu,HryMeH, co Bcero o Xpucre 6p_arNero, MoHacrbrpr KyrinHcroroo6nlexure.nuoro, I-[epxnu Ca. Eorose;leuufi>. Bo uHornxaHHOTar{Hsx pacKpbrBanocb coAepxaH[e KHHTH, nepeqrcns-JILICb ee pa3AeJrbt, qacTr,r, cTaTbr,r.

B o6teAuHeuHlrx orrHcaHHsx B aHHorauHflx HepeAKoCOTIOCTABJIgJIHCb PA3JIHqHbIE U3AAHUfl KHHTH, OTMCqAJIHCbH3MeHeHHfl LI AonoJIHeHHr, HMetoItIHecr B turx: <<Tot xe. fiflpxroM eue Bonpocu AsaHacns A.nexcaHApHfiCxOro o Bepe,H cJroBo .[,araacxaua B noqreHue qecrHot o H )KnBorBoprqeroKpecra>.

B p"aa asHoraunft K onncaHuru oco6esuo peAKHx KHHrH3JlaraJlacb KpaTKas HCTOpHf, CO3AaHHfl KHUTH, ltHOfAa xeNPHBOAHJITCb H OUCHKA KHHTN H XAPAKTCPHCTHKA CC ABTOPA;HanpnMep, o KHr.rrax Cnueosa flonouxoro ronopnrcn: ..O6eclrr.r KHHrH r BHAeJT H qHTaJI e 6u6nHorexe Hnxeropo4cxofrceM.r{HapHH H ycMorpeJr, vro Cxmeos flonouxnfi 6un npeyue-Hrtri qe.noseK, nporroBeAn ero B KHr.rax Ha Becb roA coAepxa-ulHecq, TaK xopotxH, qTo H HbrHe c nonpaBKoro cJroB He ycTyflflTcaMbrM ryquHM nponoBeAHHKaM>.

58

B qe.nou y Aauacxusa ua6nrcAaercfl croJlb )Ke I'IHAHBI'I-

Aya.nrnufi noAxoA K aHHorIrpoBaHHIo pa3Jluqublx KHI{r, qro

n K Hx ofltlcaHlro. CocrasrenHble HM aHHorauHH noMoranrnoJryqurb 6oree nonuoe npeAcraBneHne o KHHnax. B to xeBpeMs s <En6nuorexe poccuftcxoft> ncrpeqaercr (oco6euuoB qacrg, orsocsu{efics K H3AaHHsu XVIII n.) ueuano onu-cauHft, He coflpoBoxAaB[IHxcfl aHHorauHflMH, nocKonbKycaMH onHcaHHfl AOCTaTOqHO nOJIHO XapaKTepH3OBaJl14KHHTH.

B <En6nnoreKe poccrficxoft> Bcrpeqaercs oqeHb MHorocJryqaeB o6reAnHeHsoro oflncaHus. BnolHe eAuHoo6pasnofiQoprrru o6reAuseHHoro onrcaHuR .[,auacxnH He nupa6oral.Ka3alocr, oH gKclepHMeHTHpoBaJI B noncKax uan6o.neepauuoHaJlbHoro cnoco6a onucaHHq, B KoropoM npHBoAHJILtcbcBeAeHr.rr o pa3ublx H3AaHHflx oAuofi n roft xe KHHTH. B pa4ecJlyqaeB cBeAeHHfl o nepeH3AaHHqx KHHrH AaBaJll.lcb B aHHo-TSrlnnr Ho 3HaqHTerbHo qaule oHH npHcoeAHHqJIHcb HenocpeA-crBeHHo K orrncaHuro flepBoro HsAaHvfl nocJle cJIoB <<Tor xe>,<Taxag xe>, <OHa xe> l,t r. r. HHorAa nncanocb cJIoBo<<eure> HJrH <H>rJrH6o HHKaKoro o6ogHaqeuns soo6u{e He npo-CTABJIgJIOCb.

flprnepu ng cEa6anorerx pocctf,cxofir .llaracxnra

a) onucanna 6es aHHora[nfi

BOIiHCKIIR gcral, HnA yqeHHe x xllrpocrb paruoto crpofl[exorHbrx aroaefi. C uao6paxenaeu Quegp, neuaran s Mocrcae, 1647.in folio. B llarp. n Arcal. 6u6,tr.

H OA H HA .[[arrr acxnHa, Hcropnf, o B ap aaa ne, nycrbluHoxuTeJlet Hoaca$e qapeBnqe Hsaeftcxou, Harteq. B Mocrcae, 168l r., B aecrb.B [Iarp. u Arad. 6n6t. u y dtaeoeeul. pn3Hnlre.

HOC HOA T g po6odcrcoeo npecrraBHoe ropxecrBo cso6oaurerqJlltsoulru focyaapx flerpa A'rexceeBur{a, c noficxaun cBoHMn B uap-crnyrcqufi rpag Mocrsy Bo3BparuBlrJeroca. fleqar. s Mocrcee,1704 r.,s 4-rr. B Arcad. 6u6tr.

]lJlbld Konueacxoeo Cnaaa ropwecrs r{ 3HaMeH no6e1 locyaapaflerpa flepnoro. B Atcrepdane, 1700 r., n.4-rs. B 4rca0. 6u6n.

6) ortucaHnt, conpoBoxAaroulnecq aHHorauHgMIt

EPAIIIHO dgxoenoe, r. e., ncarMbl, MoJrHrBbI, neHuq, 6aaroaa-peHns, Kauo[br x flpoqae norpe6u, qro HbIHe 3oBercff Ecanrorpoco eoccaedoearTueil B Hnepcxou MoHacrblpe, vro xa Cnare-esepe,ua Batdae, B crpoeHnn caqieftuero flarpuapxa HsxoHa HoBorHnoMu3Aacr B 7170 nau 166l r., B nonaecrb. B 6u6rr. Arca). n Huuceeop.Ceunuapnn.

59

B npe4uc.noarfi noKagaHo, qro curo flca;lrupr co BoccJe-AoBaHseM Haqan reqarat <Du;lo$efi Apxnr*aH4plrr c 6parnerc,cnepBa B Ee.nopyccua B KgreuflcKot MoHacrr,rpe; Ho, no npuqnnesofiHbr c flo.nrruen, nepeunu oHH B HoBoco3AaHHHfi HnepcxuftuoHacrbrpb ua Caaro-osepo s 7163 (1655) r., H ryr cHro KHuryAo KoHua coBeprxnnu s rcro 7170 u,rn 166l or P. X.

tfOAHHA Maxcuuoaula, apxnen. 9epnuroncxoro, Honropo4-cKoro n flepercaarcroro AtQaeurapo, utru AtQaaar, no4HeceuuufiuecapeBr.rrry Arercerc flerponuuy, cuuy l4uneparopa flerpa l-ro.lleu. s Vepnueoae, 1705 r., B Aecrb.

B cefi xsnre npn6paxu Hlaena co6crseHHbre no a,r$aaary n

HpaBoyqeHxq, H3 HHx BblBeAeHHbIe n npllloxeHHbre K HacTaB-neHHro qapeBHqa crHxaMH, B To BpeMs ynorpe6rrerbHbtMH;6olee unqero. f cnrc rHury Br.raen u qHTaJr B 6u6n. Huxeeop.Cer'rus. B Axad. u lfaro. 6u6n.

e) o6te4nueHHbre onHcaHHs

HOHKA HepononurnKa, n.nl $uocoQnr upanoyqHrerbHar,B noJrb3y rorbrM coqr.rHeHuas. B Kueae, l7l2 r., s 12 aorro.

Tox s C.11.6., l7l8 r. u rplr Cunode, 1764 r., n 8 4o.nro.B Arat. u llarp. 6u6a.

Cl{l}tEOHA flo;rouxoro, Ilcanrupo, repeBeAeHHar crHxaMH.Haneqar. a Mocrcae, 1680 r., B Aecrb.

Taras xe, TonbKo rlpunficaHbr npr-troM Horbt neHHfl ncaJrMoB.Eeg noxaaaHnrr ner. B llarp. Tunoep. n Ara1. 6n6n.

BACHJIbt 6yPUOBA 1grcaapo c AecflrocnoBlreM H pacnorroxe-HHeM HMeH co6crseHHutx no rpaMMarHqecKHM naAexaM, neqaraHs Mocrcae, 7145 (1637) r., n 8 Ao.nro.

H npu HrxoHe flarprlapxe s Mocrcae 1657, 167g; a Kueee, 1670;so Jlteoae 1692; s Mocrcee 1704, 1705, 1708; a C.-Ilerep6gpee 1722,1727; a Kueae 1753; e Vepnueoae 1755; s Mocxae 1758.

Ha cux Ha4auuft [MercTcq nHbre B Arcad., nuwe s llarp. 6n6n.TPilOAb UBETHAt. B Mocxae, 1592, n aecrs.

B Arcadenuq.6s6.nuor.Apylle H3aaHls: npn [ape Eopuce Oeo4oponuve H npn flarp.

Hoae, n Mocrcae 1604, n Kueae 163i, u s Mociee 1636. Ilpu L{afeMuxarre @eo4oponuue r.r npll l-larp. Hoacaee, B, Mocrcbe 1640,ao Jloaoae 1642, a Mocxae 1653, 1660; so Jloaoee t664. 1688.s MocKae 1692, 1707, c rnqHbrMll Surypaur.r s MocK.ae l7l4, 1762,craporo ugaa*nfl s Mocrcae 6ee noxagaHuq Jter.

B Arcadeu. u llarp.6u6tr.yJIOXEHHE, urll npaBuna cyAe6Hbre I{apa A;rexcea Muxafilo-

sxqa. fleqarauo s Mocqae, 1649 r., B Aecrb. lpaxaaHcxofi neqarua C.[I .6gpee, 1759, s rncr.

B Arcad. 6n6n. n o E.nanoeeul. pu3nnue.EYKBAPb. B Mocxse, 1664 r., n 4-rr.Tox 1704; s Kueae 1670; s Vepnueoae 1680.

B Tunoep. 6u6a.

60

Orpacaeoan 6r6lnorpaQils u Apyrre BnAbr 6u6anorpa$nn

3aqnsareneu pyccxoft ucropuuecxoft 6u6nuorpa$uvtsBnilcn Aaau EypxapA Ce.nrufi (1695-1745). !,aruaHanno nponcxoxAeHuro, oH noJIyquJI o6paeonauue B pa3JrHqHbrxfepMaHCKHx yHHBepcHrerax, rAe H3yqaJr $nnocoSHro, cJroBec-r{ocrb, 6oroc.noeue u MeAHuHHy. B 1722 n. Ce.n.nufi npHexaJrs Poccnro. B llerep6ypre oH cHar{a.na 6u.n yr{HrereM rHMHa-gnt, a 3areM pa6ora;r s AxaAertauu HayK H npenoAaBaJ'r JrarHH-cxnfi sgr,rx g ArexcaHApo-Heecxofi Ayxoeuofi ceMnHaplrn;B KoHue xH3HH oH npHHqJr MoHauecrBo noA HMeHeM Hnro-AnMa. Oco6uft HHrepec Ce.urfi nporrBHJr x pyccxoli HcropHH,co6upa.n pyKonHcH H KHHr|,l, HanHcaJI psA HcropHrrecKHXpa6or.

Du6.nnonpa$nqecxuri rpyA CenrHq 6ur ony6;luxoaans 1736 r. s Peeere Ha JrarHHcKoM qgbrKe noA 3arJraBileM<<Schediasma literarium de scriptoribus qui historiampolitico-ecclesiasticam Rossiae scriptis illustrarunt> (Knux-uuft xara.nor nncarerefi, Koropbre B cBonx KHHrax uao6pa-xanr noJrurnqecKyro H qepKoBHyro ucropnro Poccnn) .15

B <KgnxHoM KaraJrore nncarereft>> nepeqHcreHbr npou3BeAe-Hnq 164 pyccKr.rx H HHocrpaHHbrx aBropoB, nr.rcaBuHx o pyc-cxofi ucropulr. B xaxofi-ro Mepe KHHra Ce.nlus flBr4Jtacb v6Ho6n6n norpa $nuecxnrr,t cJIoBapeM, nocKoJIb Ky u arepn an 6unpacnorox(eH s alQaonrHoM nopflAKe no QautnntM, a nocJre

xaxAofi Qattunnu, KaK IIpaBHJIo, noMeuraJll,rcb KparKHecBeAeHHfl O6 aOrOpe (ero uauHoHaJlbHocrb, AoJlxHocrb HJIH

3BaHHe u r. n.) H nepequcJlrJtncb efo npoH3BeAeHua (6es no-BTopeHHfl ilMeHH n Qart,tuluH).

3arnasus HHocrpaHHbrx pa6or rpHBoAHJILtcb Ha tr3brxevg/.attfl. B onncasnu yKa3brBarncb Mecro H roA H3AaHHR,

Sopuar, a HHorAa H cBeAeHI'ts o Harnrlufi B KHHre HJIJIIo-

crpaunft.

Ilpnuepu rg rKnnxxoro KaraJrora pyccKlrx nscare,nef,> A. E. Ce.nrtg

N. Weberus Procurator negotiorum Hannoveranus residensin Russia, vulgavit Verindertes Russland, Hannov. 1729. 4 : to c, fig.

Paul. Jac. Marpergeri Moscovitischer Kauf f mann, Lribeck1723. 8: vo.

l5 Ha pyccxou q3brKe rpya Ce.n.nrs 6u.n rgAa.n ,E,sreHusld 6orxosl.r-?lIHoBbrM noA 3atrla BHeM <Karaaor nucarerg*, ioqrHeHuflMu cBoHMs o6,lqc-HHBruHx qepKoBuylo r rpax4aiicxyro poccrficxyro rctopulo) (M., 18l5).

6t

Alb. Heidenfeld Batavus conclinnavit eine Beschreibungder Orientalischen K6nig-Reiche, Tircken, Persien, Moscau undChina. Francf. 1680. 8: vo.

To;lrro cnycrr 36 rer nocJre BbrxoAa <KHHxHoro KaraJronanr.rcareJrefi> A. Ce.ir.l[.ls rroflBHJrcs HoBbrft 6no6n6nuorpa0H-'{ecKnft TpyA, Ha sror pa3 yxe Ha pyccKoM fl3brKe. 3ro 6u"rr<Onur HcropuqecKoro cJloBapn o poccr.rficKux nncarefiqx>H. H. Hoenxona, ony6;luxonaHHHft e 1772 r. OH co4epxancBeAeHHs o 317 pyccKnx nHcareJrrx x yqeHbrx. Marepaa.nB croBape 6u.n paclo.noxeH B a.n$anurHou rropflAKe no QaMH-JIHsM aBropoB. flpneoAHnncs KparKr.re 6nonpaSnuecxuecBeAeHHfl o6 anropax u nepeqncJrqJtucb HX npoH3BeAeHHfl.B <<Onsrre ficropHqecKoro croBapr o poccnftcxr.rx nucarerflx>B ord'Iuque or <CaHKT[erep6ypncxux yqeHbrx BeAoMocrefi>,Koropbre Hognxos HaqaJr H3AaBarb cnycrn nflTb Jrer, onr4ca-rtus 6ttnu qpe3MepHo KpaTKHMH H AaJreKo He BcerAa ror{HblMnH qepeAoBaJrucb c norrcHnTeJlbHbrM TeKcrou. O6uqHo oHNBKJIOqAIH sANJIABH' H BbTXOAHbIC AAHHbIC (QAUU.IIUN ABTOPAorcyrcrBoBaJra, raK KaK HrpaJra po.lrl py6pnxn), Ho HHorAayKa3brBaJlocb roJIbKo MecTo H3AaHus, a roA onycKaJrcf.I{erxr.rfi nopflAoK cJreAoBaHns BbrxoAHbrx AaHHbrx orcyrcrBo-BaJI. Bcrpeuanncb cJryqaH, KorAa 6u.iro npuneAeHo oAHoTOJTbKO 3afJraBHe npoH3BeAeHHq, npaBAa, r.tHonAa 3To o6'bfc-HsJrocb reM, qro B cnoBapb BKJrroqaJrHcb l,t Heony6nnKoBaHHbrepa6oru. O coqnHesHqx @. 3. Srr,rnua cxa3aHo o6o6uesHo:<Bce cnn KHr{rH HaneqaraHbr n Casxrnerep6ypre B pa3HbreroAbr>>. Ec;m ynouuHaJrocb rrpon3BeAeHne, ony6nnKoBaHHoeB XypHaJre, To yKa3brBaJrocb ToJrbKo Ha3BaHr.re xypHanaH ro,(.

II p rnr epu *' ?H;lJ ;l'j ?rlTf."i,"":r ::ap

n o poccn ncrrx

A6,recnuon, Alexcax,qp. Aatoraur B urare lenepa,'r-MafiopaCyxornua, Hanucar HecKoJrbKo e.nerrfi, enhrpaMM u ennraQnft,Koropbre H Haneqaraubr B exeMecrqHoM cortHHeHHH <Tpydonn6uaortllqe.te>, H3aaHHoM 1759 ro.qa o Cauxrnerep6ypre. Ero Crcasrua cru(ax, HaneqaraHHbre raM xe 1769 roaa oco6,tneon KHHxKoro,,.

Eprxqxoft, Tuuo$ef,. Hs coqHHeHHft cero nrcare.nq ocra,lacbH3BecrHoro oaHa rorbKo KHHra, coaepxaulafl B ce6e Onucauue oate-crpe.nb*oti HagKu, c $arypauu, HaneqaraHHaq s Mocxee l72O rota.

Cnorpxqxufi, Me,nerrfi, MoHax, Myx ncrycuufi s fpeuecxoun .IIarlrscxou r3brKe, coqr{HHn C.naaeucxyro rpaMMarsKy, KoropatH HaneqaraHa 6ula nepnuu n3AalrieM s Bursne 1629, a BTopbtMn Mocxne, 1648 ro.qa.

62

Tarxqen, Bactanfi Hnxxrt.t, Tafissfi CoserHrr n AcroaxaucxHftry6epHarop, 6yayqn no6yx4eH leuepa,n-Oe.nr4ua puta.nor,r lpaQouBprocou K coqHHeHuro Poccr.rficxofi feorpaQnn, Ho He HMeq Ha ro,[oBoJrbHo rcTopHqec(Hx AoKa3aTeJrbcTB, npeanpriHsn oH flpe)K.[en 1720 ro,qy coqHHnrb Pocctficxyro ncropulo, xoiopyr,o rlpe3 30 nerHeycbrnHblMu rpyaaMr.r H cortHHHJr, pa3Aerr ee Ha 4 qacru. B I onncalIpeBHHe CJaseHcrae [JreMeHa no 860 roa; so 2 KHsxeHE|r poccnficxuxKngsefi Ao Haruecreufl Tarap a 1238 ro.qy; a 3 Tr.rpancxyro cnxBapBapoB BJracrb, no onpo^Bêpxeuue oHofi nepBbrM l_lapeu HoaHHolruerHKHM, To ecrb no I462 roA; n 4 soccraHoa,teHne MosaDxnucHM rocyAapers ao Bo3BeaeHHrJta npecron I_[apn Mnxalua Oeoaopo_BHqa, ro ecrb ao 1613 roay. Cns_ucropun nd cueprn ero no4ap6gaI4uneparopcrouy Mocxoncxortry Vnunepcnrery csrHor*l ero Crarixur,lcoserHaxolr,EnrpaQou BacuJrresHqeM, n nanevarana cefi ucropur.r

JrpH oH9-M Vuueepcurere I qacrr n 1768 roay; raKxe H cyae6lnKI-[apn HoaHua Bacn.nsenuua, tr HeKoropbre ero yKa3br, co6paHHuecriM noqTeHHbtM MyXeM U yKpaueHHbre ero npHMeqaHflrMll, Haneqa-TaHbr B Mocxse rorox roa;. Cefi aocrofinifi se.rsxoro noqreuuqMyx corlr.tHr.r.Jr ncropuuecxuft cnoBapb, o KoropoM yBeAoMJrner oHs PoccHficxofi ceoefi acropur,r Ha nnoinx Mecrax.'Becrnra xeJlarerbnor BecbMa HyxHo, r{T06 H oHHfi 6ul Haneqaran.-_-_Tpe.q*axoacxnf,, Baoralf, l(xpnalou{, poalJrcfl 22 eerpann1703 roaa, t-t c caMbrx roHbtx Jrer Bo3.br.rMeB npenelnxylo cK.rroHHocrbK HayKaM, [yTelrrecTBoBan ant npocBeuleHHs CBOefO pa3yMa B qyxfiegeMJrH Ha cBoeM HxauBeuxn; n 6un ao epauqnt, AHurx n foi;ras-4ur, o6yua.lca s flapuxcxou VHnnepinrere nopsAoqHo pa3ubtM

lllltxl H Mexay np_qynM KpacHopeqHro r{ HcropHH yill,rcq y cnaB_Horo l,elreHa. ts 1730 roay rlo Bo3BpaqeHfiH s CaHxrneiep6vpronpeaeneu 6lrJr s HMneparopcKylo Axa.(euun Hayr cryg"i,r6ir;n 1733 ro4y Axaaeutt Hayx cexperap eu, a s lZ4S roAy ro r_rMsHHoMyyKa3y noxanoaan flpoQeccopou-xpaiHopevua. Cun noqecrb n Aocro_lrHcrBo lrMeJr oH n_epBbrft us poccxqH. B 1763 roay no npoueulK, enoyBoJreH or c.nyx6tt, H HarpaxaeH urHou Ha4nop"or6 ao"ar""*u,?*"J:ryI H^1_p:o6Hn Ao KoHqHHbr cBoeft, Bocnocneaosasuefi 6 Anrycia| /oy foaa. Len.Myx 6brn Bentlxoto pa3yMa, Muorono yqenr,rr, o6urup_Holo 3HaHHr n 6ecnpaueproro rpyao;rrc-6ux; BecbMa 3Hatoq B Jlarnir_cKoM, I peqecKoM,

_(DpaHqy3cKoM, l4ranHf,HcKoM H B cBoeM rrpHpoAHoM

:::l::i. ra#I:--B- gxnocognr, 6oroc;roBrn, KpacHopeqHr H B ApyrHxHayKax. uone3HbrMu cBoHMH rpyaaMn npno6pe,r ie6e 6eccrrret'iHyrocJaBy; l,l nepnufi s Poccnn cotrnHun npaBunbr Hosoro poccr{icxorocrrxocJroxeHfir, MHoro coqHHuJI KHr{r, a lepeBen n roro 6o;rtute,aa n cronb MHoro, qro Kaxerc, HeBo3MoxHbrM, vro6st oAnofoqenoBeKa AocraJro K ToMy cronbKo cHJl; 1160 oAHy ApeBHroro po.l.nenoay|rcToplllo nepeBeJ OH ABa pa3a, noToMy VrO nepeoro [epeBoAa TpH_Haaqarb roMoB It eule Mnorr{e .[pyrHe KHlrrH s-6brsugfi's ero aoueloxap coBceM cropen[. Ilpu.lroxeuHaa pocnHcb BceM ero cor{HneHtlqMl,l nepeBo.(aM nocJryxr{T ceMy B AoKa3areJrcrso. Ho ou se roJrbKo qroficnpaBnrn paqlTeJIbHO BCe nO ero qHHy AOJTXHOCTH, gO H CBeDx rofoTpyAlrncfl B ucropuqecKon co6paHrt rpu roaa; ornpanrrfl, MHofo_KparHo aoJrxHocrb ceKperapfl, 6yayqn yxe flpoeeccopov, H B ro xeBpeMr qnTan JreKrrnlr a Axa4euuvecxorr,r Vuun'epir.rreTe, H ornpasrmao.nxuocrb yurep-6r6atorexapr. flpnrov ne 66nHyxcb K efo qecrrlcxa3arb Moxuo, vro on nepnurfi orKpbtJr nyru x c.nonecHbru HayKaM;

63

a naqe K crnxorBopcrBy; npnqeM 6ura nepnufi flpoQeccop' nepeufr

crl.rxorBopeq, u nepnufi noaoxueunft rq[HKo rpyAa n np[rexaHuf,n nepenoie na Poctsficxnfi fl3HK nPenone3Hblx KHHI. CoquneHuq ero

H nepeBoabt cyrb cneAypu-(He:'t. ino"o6 Poccn*croro cruxocJoxeHgr' [aneqaraH s CaHxr-

nerep6ypre 1735 roaa.'2."'P"aao"op c rIpnqreneu o- npaBonucauntl Poccsficrou,ualeqaraHa crla KHrra i748 roaa n CaHxrnerep6yple''-

3. K"ntu Poccsficxoft napHac' ne nauevaraHa' [" ']

B 1787 t. B MocKBe 6tt.rl t{gAaH <AparuarnuecKnft cJloBapb

uJrH noKa3aHHs IIo anQaBHry Bcex poccnficKl'lx TearpaJlbHblxcoqHHeHHfi il nepeBoAoB, c 03HaqeHHeM HMeH H3BeCTHbIX

coq[HHTeJIefi, nepesoAuHKOB H cJIal'arenefr My3blKH, KOTOpbIe

KOrAa 6u.nu npe4cTaBJleHbl Ha TeaTpax, H rAe I{ B KOTOpOe

BpeMn HaneqaTaHbI>>. cocrasHTenb 3Tofi KHHrH B I'I3AaHHH

He Ha3BaH H OCTaJICfl HeH3BeCTeH. ..ApamarnvecKHfi CJIOBapb>>

coAepxan nepeqeHb ApaMarnqecKnx npoll3BeAeHufi (u rouqHcJre H nepeBoAHblx), ony6nHKOBaHHblx Ha pyccKoM q3blKe'

B crarrRx o6 orAe.nrHblx nbecax 6u6.nuorpaQuqecKue cBeAe-

HH'l nepeMexaJILICb C ApyrHM TeKCTOM' KaK B 6HO6H6IHorpa-

Quuecrnx cnoBaprx. 3ar.nasHe Hrpano poJlb 3aroroBKa crarbn

croBapq l,l oAHOBpeMeHHO cnyxHno nepBblM 3JIeMeHTOM

oII HcaHH f . floc.ne 3anJIa BH fl yKa3blBaJICg xa Hp npol',I3BeAeHH f '

KOJrHqecrBo aKroB (AeficrBHft) nbecH' HMq H QauuJtnn aBropa'

Ec.nn npol'I3BeAeHI{e flBJlflJlocb nepeBoAoM' orMeqarocb'c KaKOTO fl3brKa cAeJIaH nepeBoA (nnoina [pHBOAHnacs n Qa-Mr.UIHtt nepeBoAqHKa). B pnae cnyqaeB ynoMHHanocb o roM'

KornaHrAenbeca6H.[asPoccltllnpeAcTaBJIeHaHacIIeHe'KTO I{CrloJIHflJI rJIaBHble poJIH' KaKOB 6bln ycnex cneKTaKJIf

H T. il., LI JIHllIb B KOHUe IIpHBOAI{IHCb Bblxojl'Hble AaHHble'

Ec.nn AanaJIHcb oAHH 6n6;rinorpaQHqecKHe cBeAeHHfl 6es

Apyroro reKcra, ro onncaHHe rlpno6perano o6uqsufi H 3aKoH-

qEHHbIft BHA.

Ilprnepu us r,llpauarxuecKoro croBapcr

Af PI4OflA. Tpare4nn B ntrb axroB crHxaMH coqHHeHa Baculrer'lMafrxonulru, npeacraBreHa n nepaoft p.a3 Ha flpu4eopHot'l -rearpe;'i;;g;^y o;;6p" l3 s CaHxinerep-6ypre, Haneqarana e Mocxge

n 1775 roay.fAM.flET. Tpare4nn coqHHeHHs A.nercanApa Cyuapoxoaa

no,qpaxaHne nnece r. lllaxecnupa, Ar.nnucxoro nHcareJls; npeacraB'

a"ui " n"po"oft pas a saqane 1750 roaa na Hun.eparopcxoM-rearpe

u- -C""*tti"""p6ypre,

uane'raraHa B noc.neaunft pas n Mocxae

a VHunepcureicxoft rnnorpa$xu H. H. l78l roaa'

64

OI,I|APOBA XEHI,IAbEA. Koueaxs s nqrR aeficrsmx c nec-HsMr, coqsHenna llerpa Arrycra l(apona 4e boruapue, 3uaMeHnroroHauero BpeMeHH Qpauqyscxoro KoMnltecKoro aBTopa, HanncaBureroKoMeauro Ceau;rtcxoro l-[upoaruaxa. Ileaofi flapax 6Ha s soauexruyBHAeBTTIH npeAcraBneHuylo a nepnoft pa3 oHyr,o l(oMeA[p Ha rearpe.Boopyxacr cnepBa Ha Hee Kp[TnKH 3aBoaHnH 6o.nrruue npoiunaBTopa { rxyca o6uqero Bo3paxeHns; 6oporrncr oubtM oqerb AoJtro;HanocneAoK KoMeAuq B3g.rra cBoe, H cro pa3 6ula npegcrauenacpa4y. HeyuoJrxaeMbre pyKonnecKaHln xax4oft paa ee o,qa6pr.rna;rn,r{ eaBa Jrb ecrb Ha @panuyacxou aauxe no4o6uafl nreca, lto.nlxoBHUMaHHa or fly6aarn 3acJryxuBrrar. flepene,qena Ha poccnficKnfi

lsbrx A. Jl,._flpelcrana€Ha s Mocxse Ha BoJrbHoM flerpoacxou rearpeleHrapn l5 ass 1787 ro4a. flepeno4 u npe4craraeulle fly6nurdroo4o6peno; noBTopqeMa 6uaa na reaTpe MHoro pa3 x 3aBcerAa3pr{TeJItMH Tearp Hano,rlHqrcq. HaneqaraHa HxaqBengeM neDeBo-auBrxero s Mocxse e Vrunepcrrercxofi runorpaenn y H. Hoanxoea1787 rona.

flepnufi B PoccHH 6n6;raorpaQnqecKnri yxa3areJrb ar,rre-parypbr rro ceJrbcxoMy xo3flficrBy H crpoHreflbHoMy AeJry 6brnHaner{araH B 1789 n. B xypHare <flpoAoJrx(eHHe TilyAoeBolrHoro 3KoHoMHr{ecKoro o6qecrBa; (v. g). On' '6tr;rosarJraBJreH <ldsgecrHq o nyqrlHx KHr.rfax AoMocTpoHTeJrb_cTBa> H BKJITOqaI 92 HassaHufl KHfir Ha HHOCTpaHHbtx fl3brKax,orlHcaHt,Ifl KOTOpbTX 6unn cocraBJreHbr Ha pyccKoM ,3brKe.OnHcaune Haqr{HaJrocb c QaMHrHr.t aBTopa B poAnreJIbHoMTIAAC)KE, 3ATCM CACAOBAJIO 3ATJIABI,TE, HC OTACJIflBllICCCfl OTQauulul,r HHKaKr.rM 3HaKoM nperr'HaHLI' H Har{HHaBrueecflco crpoqHori 6yxen; TaKr.rM o6pa3oM, eaunnua KaK 6unpeBpar{aJracb B nepBoe cJroBo 3afJraBHfl. flOgle 3arJraBHflnpr.tBoAHnHCb CBeAeHr.tg o g3brKe KHHTH, QOpuare, MecTe Hro,4e r.r3AaHufl. nnfl MHororoMHbrx npoH3;eAeHnft yxasuna_.iIOCb KOJII]qECTBO TOMOB HJIH qACTCfi. IIOUNUO NPHMHTHBHOTOxapaKrepa orrHcaHHft, HeAocrarKoM <I,IsBecrifi o caMbrxJIyqUIHX KHHrax AoMocTpoHTeJtbcTBa> gB.rrffJlocb To, qTo KHI,itfiHa ?rHocrpaHHbrx f3brKax onHcbrBaJrHcb Ha pyccKoM s3brKe,qTo cyulecrBeHHo 3arpyAHsno Hx noHcK H ltAeHrHor.{Karlnrc.

Ilprrrrepu xs (llgBecrrrfl o Jryrrunx r(Hxrax AouocrpolTerbcrBa,Kxuro.nAa otrbrrH_oe AoMocrpor{TenbcrBo, Ha,rlarHHcxo}r qgbtxe.

4. B 3pgypre. 1735.Ee*ruaua ncnbrraHur l.r onbrrH rroceBa recoB, ua Heueuxou qguxe.

5 .racrefi. 4. B Bep;une. 1759.

. _ Hosolrso6pegennuft celucxlft AoM, Ha tDpaHqyscxou asuxe.4. B llapuxe. 1762.2 roua.5 H. A. HaxrQoponcxar

65

OcHoeonoroxunKoM peKoMeHAarenrHofi 6n6ruorpaQHns Poccnr.r sBr.rJrcfl H. H. Eanruru-Kamescxrfi, ony6"nnKoBaB-uiuft s 1776 r.6o.nruoft peKoMenAare.nrsuft yKa3arenb nnre-parypbr no pa3JruqHbrM orpacrqM 3HaHHfl. Sror yxasare.ns,xax 6u;ro cKa3aHo B npeAr.rcJtoBxH, npeAHa3HaqaJrcf, <Bo6laro craparenbnux nsou:efi>, To ecrb A.ns yqaurefics MoJIo-

Aexr.r. OH 6u;r Haneqaran B KaqecrBe flpnnoxeHufl K u3AaH-Houy Eauruureu-KaueHcKnM JIar[HcKoMy yue6unxy puro-puxu V. O. byprun (loh. Frider. Burgii elementa oratoria)no,u, JrarlHcKHM 3artaBreu <De noticia librorum rossicorumsystematice expositorum> (Onucauue poccttftcxux xHHr,cHcreMarnr{ecKx pacno.iroxeHHoe) .

Vxasarenr BKJIroqaJr oKoJro 900 HasgaHufi (e ocHoBHoMH3AaHHbrx sa 1755-1775 rr., 6o.nee crapbre LI3AaHLII orMe-qarncb Jrnrrb B Br{Ae HcKJlroveuua). Marepua.n pacnoJlarancflB cucreMarlrqecKoM nopgAKe. Onl,tcaHnq noMeulaJrr.rcb B noA-6op, apyr or Apyra oHH orAeJrflJrr.rcb roqKoft u rrpe.

Oaun.nus aBropa npuBoAunacb B HaqaJIe onncaHl4fl B po-AHTeJIbHoM naAexe; HMeHa H HHHrrHaJlbt o6uqno onycKaJll'rcb,3aro HepeAxo Qaunnuu npeAuecrBoaana 6yxsa <l>. (coxp.<<rocnoAnH>) : ..f. Xepacxoea>>. 3ro 6u.no flBHbIM H3JIHLxecr-BoM, TeM 6oree qro Bo MHorilx cJlyqaflx B uerqx gKoHoMHH

Mecra AeJIaJIHcb r{pe3MepHbte coKpaureHutt. (Dalrunnn rpexHau6onee H3Becrnblx aBTopoB roro BpeMeun - JIouoHocoBa,Cyuapoxosa N TpeguaxoecKoro -

qacro coKpalr{aJlHcb:<<JlouoHoc. > r.r.na <JIouoH. >>, << Cyu ap. > ll <TpeAnax. >>.

floc.ne $auu.nl.u.t aBTopa npHBoAHJIocb 3arraBxe, He orAe-JIFBIxeecfl or $auunnn HHKaKIIM 3HaKoM l'l HaquHaBueecflo6uquo co crpoqHoft 6yxnnr (xax sro 6H.[o s <<l43nectuqx

o caMbrx JIyqIxHx KHHfax AoMocrponTe"rncrsa>): <<f . lllnar-Tepa onncaHue norpe6Horo AeJta npu MoHerHoM I'IcKyccrBe>).Oqesl r.racro B 3afJtaBHFx coKpauaJlltcb orAeJIbHbIe cJIoBa,

Aaxe ocHoBHbIe cyulecrBHTeJIbHble: <6yxe.> (6yxnapu),<<Ag6.> (aa6yxa) H r. n. Coxpaqenne cJIoB B 3arJIaBLIflxflBrqrocb HeAocTaTKoM yKa3aTeIq, He rOBOpq y)Ke o coKpa-ureHnflx Sarnrnnufi Tpex aBTopon. Ho, BosMoxHo, aro 6ut.no

Arq cocTaBr{TeJrs BbrHyxAeHHblM: BeAb yKa3aTeJIb cJIyxHJInpuroxeHueu x yue6HHKy, a o6reu KHLITH se AonxeH 6u.tt6urr cJrHrrrKoM 6orrmnu. CyurecraeuHuft HeAocraroK -crxqHue $ar,annnn aBTopa c 3arJraBr,reM -

qacrur{Ho npeoAo-JreBaJrcff urpaSronuu BbrAeJIeHHeM Qauu.ntu.t, Koropafl neqa-raJracb xypcr.rBoM. ,II,rn nepenoAHbrx KHxr coo6ula.nncb cBeAe-Ht4fl, O fl3brKe OpHrr{Hana, a I{HorAa u o nepeBoAt{HKe.

66

BuxoAgsle AaHHbIe BKJII6T{a;H MecTo H roA tl3AaHnr (runo-rpaQna He- yKa3brBa.nacr), npnqeM repeA MecroM H3AaHHqqacTo He cTaBHJtocb Hr,tKaKoro 3HaKa, qTo npoH3BoAr4JIoc-TpaHHoe B{eqarJreHHe. HassanHq ropoAoB Mocxsa HCauxr-Ilerep6ypr coKpauraJrr{cl: <<M.>> (uspe4xa <<Mocx.>)r.r <C.>_(n Apyrux 6n6;ruorpaQrqecKnx yKa3areJrflx coKpaule-ll.rs <<C.>> HaM Bcrper{arb He npuxo4nlocl).

.II,na uuororoMHbrx uslatuia orMeqaJrocb o6uee xonu-r{ecrBo roMoB u.nu qacrefi (o6uvuo pllucxofi un$pori), npn3TOM B BbIXOAHbTX AaHHbrX npHBOAHIHCb roAbr ti3AaHHq nep-Boro H nocJleAHeno r43 ToMoB r{epe3 THpe (xax sro AeJlaercrr HB Haue nperua), Ho HHorAa 3arlHcbrBaracb roAbr t4gr,aluflKaxAono H3 ToMoB qepe3 Tor{Ky (nepea yKa3aHHeM nocJreA-Hero roAa craBurcq corc3 <<a>>): <<X rou. C. lT8l-lT6T> unw<<lll qac. 1762. 1763 u 1765>.

Eclt B yKa3areJre plrAoM noMeulaJrHcb rlpoH3BeAeH14rroAHoro 14 Toro xe aBropa, ro Qauulna ero o6uquo [ptrBoAH-Jlacb JII,llllb B IIepBOM CIyr{ae{ a B IOCJIeAyT,OUIHX 3aMeHqJIaCbcroBaMH <<Ero x> (eror nplreu MoxHo Bcrperurb B Ha[reBpeMr B noAcrpor{Hbrx npxMeqaHaax). Hanpnuep: <<1. .Ilorvro-Hogo_B^1 xparxofi Poc. lerol. c poAocJtoBHeM f ocyaapefir. 1760. - Ero )K ApeBH. Poc. ucr-Ao KoHr{HHbr B. K. fpo-cJIaBa. C. 1766>. HHorAa xe s noAo6Hbrx cryr{aflx HcnoJrb3o-Barcq Apyroft flpueM: $auwtun aBropa npnBoArrJracb oAHHPA3, A AAJICC IIOA COOTBCTCTBYIOUIHMI-I HOMEPAMH AABAJIHCborr!4caHurr ero npongBe4euufi (eror npnena raKx(e BcrpeqaercsceroAHq B noAcrpoqHbrx npnMeqaHanx): <<flone I lloeua no-xnuesstrfi roKoH BoJrocoB M. l7gl. - 2 Onur o r{eJroBeKec $p. 1755>.

EaHruur-Kauescxnfi npnMeHqn n o6teAuseHllbre oflHca-HHq: CBCACHHfl O NCPCH3AAHHqX I,INH IICPCBOAAX TIPHCOEAHHfl.Jrucb K onHcaHHIo nepBoro r.I3AaHHfl IrocJIe coro3a <: <IIyQ-SenaopQa BBeA. B Hcropnro 3HarH. Enpon. focya. . fir-".C. l7l3^ll Bropr.rqHo c Heu. c [puMer{. H roJtr.rrur{. paccyxA..{ac. I. C. 1767>.

B yxaearelb BKJnor{aJrHcb }t orAerbHbre crarbH H3 pyc-cKoro nepeBoAa 3HaMeHurofr QpaHqyecxoli <3HuuxnoneAnu>>,npH STOM TIOCJIe 3arJIaBHfl CTaTbH CJIeAOBaJTH CJIOBa <<H3

Enuux.noneAnu c Op.>, yKa3brBaJrucb HoMep .racrn <OHuHKro-neAHH>, CTpaHr,t[bl, Ha KoTopbrx [oMeuleHa cTaTbg, MecTo HroA H3.u,aHHfl: <<MllneparoruR vg EHrrl.rx;roneAuu c Op.9. II. crp. 69. M. 1767>.

b/

Becrua opnrnHanbHuu n .nn6onbrrHbtM flBHJlcg [pHeM,HcnoJlb3oBagHuft BaHrurueu-KaueHcKnM Bo MHorHx orruca-HHflx: tupHQtonoe BbrAereHHe san6o.nee cyurecrBeHHbrx(c rouxn 3peHufl TeMaTHKH xHuru) cJroB 3arJraBnn,?ru cJroBa,rax r $auurun aBTopoB, neqaraJrucb KypcuBoru: <l'. JIotto-Hoc. nepBbre ocHoBaH. ilerannapeuu HJtrl pyAHbrx AeJI>;<KpaQta pyKoBoAcrBo x MareuaruKe h $usuuecrcoil, feoepa-Quu c ynorpe6neureu sertHoeo etto6gca u ttandrcapr>>. 3rornpueM s xaxofi-ro Mepe MoxHo crrnTarb npoo6pasou coBpe-MeHHO|O MeTOAa BbrAeIeH[q <<KJIrOqeBbtX CJIOB>, npHMeHfle-MOrO, B qaCTHOCTH, npH COCTaBJIeHHH nepMyTaUHOHHbrxyxasarenefi.

B qe.trou peKoMeHAare.nlsurfi 6n6.nr.rorpaSuqecxnrl yKa3a-rerr Eanruura-KauescKoro npH BceM HecoBepuencrBe uupesuepuofi KparKocrH 6n6nuorpaQHqecKHx onucaHnftnpeAcraBJrrer oco6ufi r.rHrepec 6.naro4apn roMy, qro B HeMncnoJrbgoBaHbr pa3JruqHbre cnoco6u H npHeMbr, HMerotrtueueJlbto cAeJrarb orrHcaHHfl 6olee KoMnaKTHbrmu u o6oepn-MbIMH.

Ilpnnrepn ng <Onncannc poccnficrnx xxnr>H. H. Eanruura-Kauercxoro

a) ns py6pnrn <Acrponounr>

Kparxoe L3bqcHeHHe o Acrpono.uuu npu Cexare. M. 1765. -l. Kpunona ra6luuu pa3flocru^wuputrbl tt cKlofleHun coJtHqana C. nerep6. MepeaHaHe C. 1742. - lednegca onilcaHue Konerwn 1744 roay c paicyxa. o cocroflHntl Ir csoftcrnax ecex Koner C.

1744.-1. Pgnoecrcoao Ha6.npaeHue sBJIeHHt Benepw B corHuer Poc. Hunep. s 1769 roAy yrrHHeH. c Hcropnv. rpeAyBeaoMn.C. 1771. - I4grscreHnfl npoxoxAeH[n Benepu no consuy, 6Hsuero23 uan 1769. C. 1770.

6) Hs py6puru <EctectgesHaq HcropHs'

Honcrona Harypan. Hcropna o qerBepoHorilx n Apyrux xltBorHblxua JIar. n Poc. C. 1731. - Iocraroqxotrt Eeepo unu CrpettorccoAepx. onncaHHe AIKHX nrHq I snepeft. C. 1744. - Batepun Mune-palozun, fiJrH orrncaHne BctKoro poAa pya, l,l ttcKonaeMblx lt3 3eMnBseuefi c Her'.r. C. 1763. - Jlenanu Munepanoeun c Her'l. C. 1772.-Munepatozun nr Enqux.rongann c @p. Q. II. crp. 69' M. 1767' -l. Jlononoc. nepBble ocHoBaH. Merattgpeuu Hnu pyAnblx Aen'C. 1763. -1. Illtarrepa onucaHHe norpe6uoro aena npu MoneruonHcKyccrBe c Qnryp.2 qacr. C. 1736. - Ero xe o6croRre.nbn. HacraBrle-Hue t4oHerHotu aeny c onHcaH. pgdorconnoLx rrlecr. 3 qacr. C. 1760. -Mutepa HaqaiuH. ocriosaH. yr,loipnre;rrnofi Xuxuu 2 qacr. c Her"r. C.lT74 n 775. f. Jloxonoc. peqb o noJrb3e Xuxuu. C. 1751.

68

B csqsu c reM, qro B XVIII n. o6temaMn onncaunflcTaHoBflTcg, KaK IIpaBHJIO, He pyKo[HcHble, a fleqaTHbleKHHrr{, 3HaqHTeJtbHo MeHffercfl xapaKTep 6u6.nuorpa$uue-cKoro onucarrfl:. AJtfl tAeHrneuxauHn npon3BeAesnfi Heo6_xoAr.f Mbr-Te-[e_pb ApyrHe cBeAeHHrr. Kax uu Bn$eilv, Ha nporfl_xeHHr.t XVIII s. Ha6nrcAaercrr yxe 6olnuroe pasuoo6pasne6H6.nuorpaQHr{ecKux rpyAoB (rexyuan 6a6.nuorpaSnqbcxasnHQopuauafl, Kararorn 6u6luorex, KHHroroproBble peecrpbr,orpacJreBas 6u6.nnorpa$\s H Ap.). lllnpoxoe pasBurue nony-qaror KHrroioproBar 6u6nnorpaQus, n 6n6n*toreqsue xari_lorr (noc"lreAHue qaue Bcero ocraBaJrucb B pyKonncr{). KaxMeroAuKa o[ucaHr.rr, TaK u o6urufi ypoBeHb onucaHufin 6H6;rnorpaQuvecxux rpyAax aroro neill.roAa 6unn or{eHbpa3rHr{Hbr. BeAs usorHe yKa3arenu npeAcraBJtflJnt co6oftnepBbre o[brrbt B ToM HJIH HHoM BHAe 6n6ltorpaer.ra, H cocra_BHTeJIflM npHXOAI.iJIOCb CaMocToqTeJIbHO, He onHpagcb HH HaKaKHe rPaAuqnu, paspa6arunarb npHHuHIIbr orrficaHHs.

B or4entHtrx_cJryqaflx xapaKrep ontcaHnfi onpeAeJrqncsHa3HaqeHileru 6l,t6.nuorpaQavecxoro yKa3areJrfl. Tak, npncry_nafl K H3AaHurc <<Casxrnerep6yprcxnx yqeHbrx ee4ouocreft>,H. Vl. Hoenxoe craBHJr 3aAar{y Aarb qr.rrarenn uan6o.ileerrorHoe npeAcraBJIeHHe o KaxAoM npor.r3BeAeHr.tu, noSTOMyrrpr.rBoAHJr B oflficaHHH MaKcHMyM 6r.r6.nllonpaenqecKHx cBeAe_HHfi, a g <<Onure ucrop_Hq€cKoro cJroBipr o pocctficxr.rxnncarerflx>, cJroBape 6uo6u6nuorpa@nuecxorr,r, oH onpaHHqH_BaJICrr npHBeAeHHeM Jrlltxb caMblx KpaTKHX AaHHbrx.

B qenou onHcaHnfl coBepueHcrBoBaJlucb MeAreHHo H ,u,oKOHUA B-EKA NPOAOJIXAJIA OCTABATbCfl AOBOJIbHO NPHMHTHB-HbrMH. Ha npurrlepe KHr.rroroprosofi 6lr6ruorpaeuu MoxHoBHAerb, r{To HHorAa HMeJr Mecro Aa)Ke HeKoropufi <perpecc>:n 6oree paHHHX H3AaHHsx orrucaHus oKa3brBarr.rcr 6o.neerroApo6HuuH H ToqHbrMH, r{eM B u3AaHr.rrx, floflBJlflBluHxcEn03,IlHee.

Teu 6olee Hac nopaxaer BbrcoKnfi yponeul onucaHnft,xapaKrepnbrfi ans raKHX galreqare.nls*x 6r.r6naorpaSn-r{ecKux rpyAoB, noAroroBJreHHbrx s nocneAHefi rpern XVIII n.,xax <<Casxrnerep6yprcxue yqeHbte BeAoMocrH> H. H. Honn-KoBa r{ <En6.nnorexa poccuficxaR> ,fl,auacxHna (,4. E. Cerue-Hoea-PyAHeaa), xora caMH grn TpyAbr r.r oqeHb pa3JrnqHbr.B <<CaHxrnerep6yprcxnx yqeHbrx BeAoMocrrx>> o[[caHHsM6u.na npucyua oco6as pauxoHarbHocrb, npocrora, qerKocrb

69

H B TO x(e BpeMf nOJIHOTa, AaBaBUI{e BO3MOXHOCTb IIOJIyqilTbfcHoe r.t HcqepnbrBaroulee npeAcraBneHHe o KaxAoM npoH3Be-AeHHH. B <<En6.nnorere poccaficxofi>, sa4yuaHsofi KaK peflep-ryap pyccKofi neqarsofi xHuru, .[,auacxNtt npumeuun 4n$-QepenqHpogaHuuft noAxo.u. K otrHcaHHIo: BcecropoHHe H c MaK-cuuanlHofi noruoroli xapaKTepH3yfl uau6o.nee peAKHe Lr

IleHHbIe KHHrn, Arq ocTanbHblx oH I{c[oJIb3oBaJI npeAeJlbHoJraKoHHqHyro Sop"y onncaHlrfl. He 6yaer [peyBeJIHqeHHeMcKa3arb, qro Host,txos H AaIr{acKLrH npogBLIJIH noAJILTHHo

nayvuuft noAxoA K BonpocaM cocraBJIeHHs onucasufr. V Ho-Br.rKoBa onucaHufl qBHrHcb xax 6ot npoo6pasou onncannftB coBpeMeHHbrx H3AaHLrnx rexyureft nuQopr'aaunu, a y na-MacKHHa - B coBpeMeHHbIX H3AaHLrqx HayuHofi perpocleK-r il sHofi r.t H Qopu a qnu, BKJIIoq anulefi peAxue u3l..arufl .

9acrl III

6I{6JIHOTPAOl{TIECKOE ON]ICAHT{E B POCCHIIB NEPBON NOJIOBHHE XIX B.

B saqane XIX s. s PoccaH nocJre xecroxofi pearunn90-x rr. XVIII B. cHoBa o)Kr.rBJrqercfl o6urecrneuuas xH3Hb.flpannrenlcrao Anexcau4pa I npeueuHo uAer HaBcrpeqyrH6epalrHlrM HacrpoeHr.tflM, pacnpocrpaHr.tBrxHMcs B pyc-cxorvr o6urecrBe nocJre cMepru flaana, il npoBoAur pe$opuu,coAericrsosaBrrlHe s xaxorl-ro Mepe pa3Br.rrr.tn flpocBeuleHns,HgyKH, Jrnreparypbr u 6u6nuorpaQuu. B 1802 r. 6ulo co3AaHoMaHncrepcrBo HapoAHor.o npocBe[reHnq. B lB04 r. orKpbr-.nncr Kasaucxufi r.r Xaprxoncxnfi yHnnepcurertr. Etr.nl.r yupix-AeHbl JII{IIeH s fpocrasre n a I{apcxom Cene. Pacuupl.rlacscerb yqaJrltlq H rnMHasrafi. OxneHracb HayqHafl H JIHTeDa_rypHas AeflreJrbHocru. B 1803 r. 6u.no oclroeaHo Bonrlroeo6ulecrso .nrc6ure.neft HayK, cJroBecHocru tr xyAoxecrs e IIe-rep6ypre, a l€04 n. - O6qecrBo Hcropul,l H Apesnocrefipoccrlficxux H Mocxoscxoe o6uecreo ucnirrare.nef, npnpo4u(o6a npa MocxoecxoM yHnBepcnrere) n Ap. BosHl.rxJru'pa3-JrHrrHbre nHreparypHbre o6teAuHeuus. floqnNnncr HoBbrexypHa!'rbr.

floc,re cHflrHfl 3alpera nogo6Hoennu cBoro AerreJrbHocrbr{acrHbre ranorpa$nH, qHcJro Koropbtx HeyKJroHHo pocJto.Vserra.Ir.tJtocb Korxr{ecrBo exeroAHo BbtxoAgulltx B cBer HgAa-uvti'r. Bucrpo pa38HBaJracb KHr{xHafl roproBJrfl. Eolsuoeo)KHBJTeHHe ua6"noAanocr n o6lacru 6n6luorpaeuu:B. C. Conr.rKoB npr.rc-TynnJl K cocraBJreHnro cBoero orpoMHororpyla <Onur poccnfi cxoft 6H 6.n u orpa Qu n>, ony6n uxoia Hsoros 5 roNaax B reqeHr{e 18,13-1821'rr.; A." K. lllropx tlO. n. AAe.nyHr n l8l0-l8l I rr. Bbtrrycrurrn B cBer AByx-roMHoe <CacreuaruqecKoe o6ospeHne nnreparypnr a pbc-

7l

cHH)>, BKJITOqaBIIee CBeAeHHfl O KHHraX, XypHaJIaX U BaXHefi-unx xypHaJrbHbrx cTarbflx, o[y6JrHKoBaHHbrx B crpaHeB TeqeHHe nepBoro rlqrurerns XIX s.; Ear. EonxoBHTHHoBHaqaJr pa6ory tto cocraBJreunrc 6uo6u6lr.rorpaSnuecKnx cJro-napefi pyccKnx. nucarenefi; B. f. Auacracesuq r,r3AaBaJrxypHaJr <<VJrefi>, B crarbflx Koroporo 3aKJraAbrBaJrHcb ocHoBbrreopxu H Hcroplru 6u6nuorpaQuu; Bo3HHKJra cnaBflHo-pyc-cxas 6vt6nuorpaQrn.

OAuaro neplroA ra6epanrHux peQopnn A.rexcau4pa IAOBOJTbHO CKOpO CMeHr,rJICf HOBbTM HaCTyTIJIeHHeM peaKr{HH.B lSll r. 6u.no yqpexAeHo MuurcrepcrBo nOJTHTIHH, a npvHeM orKpbrJracn <<oco6ar KaHrleJrflpnfl)>, Ha xoropyo 6u.nlrBo3.rroxeHbr rreH3ypHbre QyHxuun. Passurue o6ulecreeHHofiMbIcJIH s Poccnn craJlo BcnqecKn no,u,aBJlflTbct.

OreqecrseHHaR sofiHa 18l2 r., cnoco6crsoBaBrxafl npo-6yx4eHuro HapoAHoro caMoco3HaHHn H pocry Hauuosanrsofipyccxofi KyJrbrypbr, o6ocrpuna BHyrpeHHHe nporHBopeqHqB )KH3Hr.r crpaHbr, yclrJrrrJla KpH3Hc KpelocrHr,rqecroft cucreuu.B 6opr6e c peaxuneft pa3Br.rBaracb nporpeccnBHarr r{AeoJro-ruq - oAHa Lrc lpeAnocbrnoK Bo3HHKHoBeHHq e PoccnltrafiHux o6urecrs ABopsH-peBonroqlloHepoB, craBHBuIl.tx csoefirleJr bro cB ep xeHHe c a MoAep xaBilA u JtuKBr4Aa uH Io KpenocrHll -qecTBa.

3ror oran oceo6oAHreJIbHoro ABHxeHI.rfl 3aBepurHncqBoccragueM Aexa6pncroB, Koropoe 6u.ro 6ecnouaAHo pa3-rpoMJreHo. flosre pacttpaBbI c yqacrHfiKaMLI ABHxeIIHf,4exa6pncroB npaBHreJlscreo Huroraq I npnnn.no caMbtecypoBbre Mepbr Anfl 6opr6u c pa3BHrLIeM o6ulecreeHHoftMbrcJrl.r s Poccfiu. B crpaue 6un ycraHoBJIeH rloJlulreficrufipexuM. B 1826 r. 6uno yqpexAeHo III Orae;reune co6crsen-soft eno lrMfieparopcKoro BeJIHqecrBa KaHqeilflpHH, lrpoBoAn-.[r.rcb ueH3ypHble petrpeccHH, lrpecJIeAoBaBuHe uanefiruHeflpoflBJreHr.rr cso6oAorb6[sofi MbtcJlH B ner{arH. HoauftqeusypHufi ycraB, sseAeHHblft B gro BpeMR, 6un npo3BaH<qyryHHbrM>. Paganrne peBonrcIrnouHoro ABH)KeHHfl s 3anaA-Hofi Eapone s 30-x rr. XIX 8., no.IlbcKoe BoccraHue 1830 r.,ueruft pflA KpecrbflHcKl{x noccraunfi (<xolepuue 6yHru>)s PoccNr.r HMeJTH cJreAcrBHeM HoBbte penpeccnn npaBHTeJIb-crBa, noAaBJIeHHe nepegonofi o6urecrseHHoft IrasIc.rln. B 1834 r.6ur saxpur nporpeccilsHHfi xypHan <MocxoscKnfi rele-rpaQ>, a s 1836 r. xypHaJI <Te.necxon>, ony6.nuxosasl[IrfinepBoe rg <<Osrocosavecxux ruceM>> fI. fl. t{aaAaesa.

- Bce xe, HecMorpfl Ha Bce ycHJIHt peaKIrHI't, Har{aro 40.x

10

rOAOB 03HAMCHOBAJ'IOCb HOBbIM NOAbCMOM OCBO6OAHTCJIbHOTOABH)K€HLIS, UeHrpoM KoTOpOfo cTaJ MocKOBcKHft yHr.rBepcH-rer. B ltpyxKax nepeAoBofi MoJroAexH reflepb npHHvMailHyqacTHe H pa3HortHHUbr. Bo rJraBe peBonoqnoHHo-AeMoKpa_TnqecKoro ABH)KeHHfl croflJrn Ee.nnucxnfi r.r lepueH.

Penpeccnn uapcKoro npaBHTeJrbcrBa oKa3aJrHcb HeB cocroflHur4 ocraHoBr.rrb H pa3BHrHe pyccKofi uayrn, nnre-parypbr, HcxyccrBa, a raK)Ke 6u6.luorpaQnn. Oqaraur npo-cBe[leHnrr H B ro x<e BpeMs nnTeparypHurul_r x;ry6auH flBnr_Jrucb B Poccnx a nepaofi nonoanHe XiX s. 6u6nuorexu AnrqreHufl, Koropbre c XVIII B. orKpbrBaJrucb npn 6o.nlurnxKHHxHbrx Mara3r.rHax. <<Pocnucn> xpynHefturnx qacrHux 6a6-JrHoreK, HrpaBtuHx 6onluyro poJrb n xy.nrrypHofi )Kr.r3HHcrpaHbr, TaKr.rx KaK 6u6nuorexu B. flJrann.nrurlrxosa uA. C rll u par.r ua, 6tr.nll BbtAa rourHM ucs 6u6nnorpaQllvecxu rrl l.rrpyAaMH rofo BpeMeHil. flocrenesHo pa3Br{BaJracb H orpacJre_sas 6u6nuonpaQHn. [Iorpe6Hocrr n rny6oxoM s*raH,.tfi ,cro_p r.rH, aKoHoMHKtr, crarncrrKtr, 14 npa Ba o6yc.noeu;r a rrofl BJreHr.reyxasarenefi lro srHM HayKaM. Hx cocrasurerflMn 6nns, raxnpaBHJro, KpyrrHHe yrreHbre. Peaxqus nperrrrcrBoBaJra pa3_BHrHro ecrecrBeHHbrx HayK, no3ToMy yc.nonufi 4na ny6nuxa-rrHH orpacJresnrx 6u6nfiorpasnvecxHX yKa3areJrefi s o6racrHecrecrBo3HaHrlfl B Poccua eule He 6u.no. Texyuyro 6n6flHo-rpa,Quqecryn uHQoprrrauan nbrrarrca ocyurecisHir s lg25 r.rr. rt. \enfieH B H3aa^B-aB[JeMcr HM )KypHare <<bn6.nuonpaSu_r{ecKr4e JrHcrbr>. c 1834 r. nocyAapcieeuHaq on6"rrnorilarfa-qecKaq perncTpaU[q Beracb cHar{ara Ha cTpaHgqax ..-[irp-Hana MuuncrepcrBa HapoAHoro npocBeureHfiq>, a noroMB npuJroxeHr.{H K sroMy xypHaJry. perynnpuo ny6nnxonaluclcBeAeHHrr o BHOBb BbrrxeA[rHx KHHrax n 6ra6nu6npaQnvecrnxOTACJIAX X{YPHAJIOB.

3ror nepuoA orMeqen H rtoqBreHHeM TeoperHqecxux pa6orno 6H6.nuorpa$r.rra. Or4e.nrHue 6n6.nnorpd$HqecKne ipva"(Hanpnuep, <<Ontrr poco.rficxoft 6n6.nuorp'aer"" n- C. id;:KoBa) craJrH npenMerolt KpnTnrrecKoro pas6opa B neqarl.SaBepwnracu pa6ora Eer. EonxoBHTrHoBa no noAforoBKeoHooHoJtHorpaQHr{ecKoro cJloBapf pyccKHX nrcarelefi.ti qe,loru nepBan [oJroBHHa XIX s. s poccilH xapaKTepu_goBaJracb H HTeHcr.rB Hbr M pa3Br{rHerrl 6u6"n r.rorp aewn,- xorop a nnocreleHno npHo6pena [oAJrHHHo HayvHuri iapaxrep, non"-JreH ueM psAa 0yHAa MeHraJrbHbrx 6r.r6luorpasHr{ecKHr rpynoB,He yTpaTHBTXHX CBOefo 3HaqeHHfl AO HacTofftllefo BpeMeHr,t,o6pasonauneM AoBoJrbHo txupoKoro Kpyra Bbrcoxorea.nH$t_

t5

ur.rpoBaHHbIX H spyAnpoBaHHbtx 6u6.nnorpaQon. Bce 3ro[o3BoJrrer cAenarb BbrBoA, t{To yxe B 3To BpeMq 6n6.nr.rorpa-

0ns crara BcnoMorarerrsofi uayuuoft Ancqrn.nusoft t't

pyccKre 6r.r6nnorpaQu nepaoft noJIoBHHbI XIX s. BHecJItl

cyurecrBeHHHfi sKnaA B Teopuro fi npaKrnKy 6tt6;tuorpaQnn.

<CncreuaruqecKoe o6oapenue Jlltreparypbl a Poccnr>A. K. tllropxa n Q. il. A4elyxra

B saqare XIX s. BbmrJlo B cBer <CncreuaruqecKoe o6ospe-Hr.re nlrreparypbl B Poccltu B reqeHHe nnrnilervfl c l80l no1806 r.> (Cn6., l8l0-l8ll, r. l-2). Sror rpya 3aHsJIBnAHoe Mecro B lrcropHLt pyccxori 6n6nnorpaSau. ErococraBnreJrqrvrn 6burr.r H3BecrHbre yqeHble A. K. lllropx l.t

O. n. Aaerynr.Auapeft (feHpnx) Kapnonnv lllropx (1766-1835) po'

nuJrcfl a Pnre, yqilflcfl s HeHcxolt n feftae.ns6eprcKoM yHHBep-cr{Terax, c 1787 r. xllJt e flerep6ypre. Os 3aHnMarctt x3yr{e-HHeM lrcropnll, gKoHoMlrKI,I il crarl'tcrnxn Poccllu, ony6.ttl'lxo-Ban psA Qyn4arrrenraJlbHbrx HayqHbIx rpyAoB. A. K. lllropx6u.n oAgnrrr rs xpynHeftInnx B Eapone cneunaJlucros e o6-Jlacrr.t noJlr,trr,rqecKofi exogomau Il crarucraKn u crail nepBblMs Poco.rt,t aKaAeMHKoM lo 3rLIM HayKaM (c 1804 r.). lllropxABJtsJtcfl raKxe BHue-npe3HAeHroM AxaAeuuu nayx. C 1804

no l8ll r. ou I{3AaBaJl Ha HeMeu,KoM fl3blKe xypHaJl <<Russ-

land unter Alexander dem Ersten>>, qeJIbIo xoroporo 6lt.tto

o3HaKoMJIeHHe 3anaAHoft Eeponu c Poccnefi. Aesre.nuHuucorpyAHl.rKoM xypHara 6su <D. fl. A4enyur

@eaop (Opuapnx) flasronNq A4e.nynn ( 1768-1847)poAHJIcs s UlretruHe, Ylnnca e .IIefinunrcKoM y_HnBepcHrere,

e 1794 r. nepeceJILIJIcq s Poccl-{rc. OH c.nyxn.n n MHHt'lcrepcrneHHocrpaHHbIX AeJI cHaqaJla qnHoBHl'txorrl oco6stx nopyueHufi,a 3areM c l8l4 n. HaqaJtbHltxotrl yue6Horo orAeJIeHHfl Bocroq-Hbrx rr3brKoB npu AsnarcKoM AenapraMeHre, rAe coAeftcrBoBaJropraHH3aur.tu 6u6.nuoreKn rto BocroKoBeAeHHIo. BuAarculnficsl.rcropHK, apxeoJlor, JtrHrBucr O. n. A4enyHr 6ul q.neuou'

xoppecnonaeHroM AxaAennun Hayx (c 1809 r.). Ou lruoroBHHMaHHfl yAeJrrn 6n6nnonpaQnqecxofi AerreJIbHocrH: I'rM

6n.nlr cocraBJIeHbt yKa3areJlb JIHTeparypbI no caHcKpHr-cKoMy fl3brKy, yKa3areJlb crapuHHblx xapr PoccHrr u Kpn-TH Ko-JIrdrep arypHoe o6oapeu ue nyreuecrBeHH H KoB no P occll n

ao 1700 r.

74

B <CncremarnqecKoM o6ospeuuu> 6u;ru npegcraBJreHbrfloqrn c HcqepnbrBanureft noruorofi KHHrr{, ony6;rnxonaHnuee Poccnr{ Ha pyccKoM ssbrKe r.r Apyrnx qsbrKax uapo4on Poc-cuK, a TaKX(e Ha HHOCTpaHHbtX fl3btKax 3a nepBble nflTb JleTXIX e. flpnaeg,euu raKxe cBeAeHHrr o6 orAsltHbrx KHr.rraxpyccKxx aBropoB, ony6.nrxoaauuux sa rpauuqefi HaHHOCTpaHHbTX fl3blKaX.

Kax orueqa"r A. K. IIIropx so <BBeAeHHH> K q. I <Cucre-MarlqecKoro o6oapeHna>>, noco6uxMH Anfl cocraBJteHHrr yKa-3areJrfl cJryxr.rJlH: l) cne4entn o KHHrax, noMeuleHHbIe B )Kyp-HaJrax; 2) xnuroropnoBbre pocnncr.r; 3) xara.nor Eu6luorexHAxaAeunu nayx; 4) xypHaJtbHbre peueH3r.til; 5) cntcxu py-xonHcefi, o4o6peuHux K neqarannro uenaypofi; 6) cnl,tcKnKHr.rf, HarreqaraHHbrx c 1801 no 1806 rr., notyqeHHbre orrlnorpaQufi. lllropx ynoMuHaer H o roM, qro cocraBJreHHasH3 3THx cseAeHufi <pocnucb)> 6u.na <gsaruefiurnnan 3AerxHHMHKHr,rfonpoAaBqaMn, a paBHo H MHoTHMH 3HaroKaMH poccufi-cxoft ;lnreparypbr npocMorpeHa, cBepeHa u 4onoJlHeua>>.t

<<Pocnucl KHHraM, - yKa3brBa.tl A. K. lllropx, - coAep-xHT He roJrbKo noKa3aHuq KHHr H oco6eguo HaneqaraHHbtx(r. e. orAe;rbHo x3AaHHbrx, - H. H.) covuueuHfi, Ho raKxeH saxHeliuux crarert H3 ryquux Xgpnaaoa cero nepuoAa>>.2BxrnqeHue n 6u6.irnorpaQNuecxuli yKa3arerb HapflAy c KHH-rauu Hau6oJree 3Haqr{TeJrbHbrx xypHanbubrx crareft tBnJtocbHoBoBBeAeHHeM H 6esycnonHo yBeruqnBaro efo. ueHHocrb.B <3axlnqeHHH> K r{. I <CairervrarHqecKoro o6ospeuun>>npHBeAeH nepeqeHb x(ypHaJroB, crarbl lls roropr,rx 6trul.rBKJtroqeHbI s ocgosHofi TeKcr, c coKpaueH[gMn ua3naHnri,rrpHMeHeHHbIMH B OnHCaHHX.

<CncremarnqecKoe o6ospeHue> npeAflonaraJrocb npoAoJr-xHrb, ny6.nuxya cBeAeHnq o nareparype 3a nocJre,u,yrculueroAbr, Ho ocyxrecrBHTb 9To HaMepeHne noMe[IaJla OreqecrseH-Haq sofiHa l8l2 r.

rIepnan qacrr <CncreMarHgecKoro o6ospeHHfl>, oxBarbr-BaBrrrafl JrnTeparypy Ha pyccKoM qgbrKe, 6ula noAroroBJreHalllropxol,r, BTopafl, coAepxaBru afl HsAaHHfl Ha uHocrpaHHbrxq3brKax,

- A4e;rynrou. B nepnofi '{acrn noMerqeHo 1648 Ha-gsaHr.rfi (n rou qncJre 27 nepuogwqecKr.tx r{sAaHHft u 2J2 xyp-

r[Iropx A. K., AAenysr @. fI. CtcrerraaruqecKoe o6o3peH[ennrepary_pbr n Poccru B reqesile flrrrJterHr c l80l no lg06 r. Cn6.,'lgl0,q. I. c. XX.

2 Tau xe. c. XXVII-XXVIII.

75

HaJIbHbrx crarbH), Bo Bropoft-641 Ha3BaHHe. B nepnofiqacrn orrucannq npou3BeAeHnfi n pn4e cryqaeB conpoBo)K-AaJlHCb CBeAeHr.rff Mr.t O peueH3r.tfl x.

B xaxAofi ug qacrefi <<CncreuarnqecKoro o6o3peHus>>r.rMeJtocb ABa pa3AeJra: <A. Pocnncn KHHTaM)> u <<6. Pocnncrnr{carerqM>. B pas4e.ne A flpilBoAr.rJrncb orrHcaHnrr KHlrr t,t

crateft, pacnoroxeHHbre B clcreMarHr{ecKoM noprAKe,a TaKxe onucaHr.rfl )KypHanoB H fa3eT, BbtAeJIeHHbte B oTAeJIb-Hue py6praxu. Kax nucaJr IIIropx, <Pocnuco KHuea.fit pacnono-xeHa no HayKaM, KaK oHbre no caMoMy ecTecTBeHHoMy H

Henpr.rHyxAeHHoMy nopsAKy cJreAyror oAHa 3a Apyfon>>.o(l4rraeercn B BHAy raKoe pacnoJroxeHue, KaKoe npeAcraBnff-JIOCb <eCTeCTBeHHbtM H He[pXHyXAeHHbtM>> CaMHM COCTaBr,r-TeJIflM, 3anMcrBoBaBtrrHM x.naccndnxauan H3 seueuxofi6r.r6lnorpaQnn,) Paeaen B nepeofi qacrn <<CucreMarnqecKoroo6oapenuR> coAepxan rpu noApa3Aela: l) <<Pocnncu poc-cxficxr.rrrr nucareJrffM>; 2) <Pocnucb nucareJtflM, KoHX coqaHe-HHf, nepeBeAeHbr Ha fl3brK poccnftcxuft>; 3) <Pocntcb nepe-BOAI{HKA M, IICPCJIO)KI,IBIXUU POCCNfi CKHC COqHHCH Hfl HA fl3bIKHHHocTpaHHbre>. Bo aropofi qacrl.t <Cucrelt,laruqecKoroo6ospeuun> pa3Aen b no4pasaeJtoB He nMeJI.

B <Pocnncn poccuficxxtvt nHcareJlnM> H B <<PocntcunepeBoAqr.rKaM, nepeJloxltBlllHM pOCcnftCXue COqHHeHI'rfl Hag3brKH xHOCTpaHHbIe> 6lt.ttl.t Aasu (noA Qaun"nuruu, pacno-JroxeHHbrMH ro alQannry) cneaeHun o6 anropax H nepeBoA-qlKax npoH3BeAeHHfi, sxrroqeHHblx B nepBylo qacrb, a raKxe3arJlaBHfl 3THx npou3BeAeuufi c HoMepaMI't, noA KoropblMH oHH

noMeuleHbr B pa3Aene A. <DaunluH aBTopoB H nepeBoAql'IKOBqacTo conpoBoxAaJlHCb yKa3aHHeM TI,ITyJIOB, qHHOB, 38aUnfi,6norpa$nuecKHx AaHHbtx, TaKHM o6pa3oM, o6e <Pocnucn>>

6u.ltr nolegnbl He roJtbKo KaK o6btqHble nMeHHble yKa3areru,Ho r.r KaK LrcroqHHKLI AoIIoJIHI{TeJIbHbIx cBeAeuuft o6 aBTopaxfi nepeBoAr{HKax, a nJIaBHoe, coAepxaJlI{ nonsufr nepeqeHbnpou3BeAeHnfi xaxAoro I43 aBTopoB H rlepeBoAquKoB 3a nflTn-rrerne c l80l no 1806 r.

B <<Pocnncs nucareJrrM, KoHx coqr,rHeHuff nepeBeAeHbl Ha

fl3brK poccnftcxnfi> yKa3btBanucb oAHlt .nuulr $auuJIHH aBTo-pon (6es nHnuuanon) H HoMepa, noA KoropblMu B pa3AeJIeA noueuleubr Hx lpor,r3BeAeHnfl, AonoJIHHTeJIbHble cBeAeHI4H

o6 anropax (unnu,3BaHHr) npHBoAHJlHcb JlHlllb B BHAe

3 Tau xe, c. XXI.

-6

HcKJrror{eHr.rr (Ana rex aBropoB, KoropHe xHJrH H pa6ora.nus PocclrH).

Becstua npHMeqarerbHo, rrro B 3ToM noApagAeJre cpeAuQauu"nufi aBropoB H nepeBoArtnxoa (n oAHoM a.nQanrruoupa4y) nolre[teHbr HaHMeHoBaHHrr pqAa yqpexAenufi H opraHlt-3auufi, Koropbre paccMarpuBaJrncb KaK aBTopbr. Taxuu o6pa-3oM, 3Aecb HcrroJrb3oBarcq npuHIIHrr KoJIJIeKTUBHoTo anropa.aXors s pa3AeJre A npoxsne4eHnr He 6sr.nn onucaHbr noAKoJTJTeKTHBHbTM aBropoM (xax He onncbtBaJrncb oHH B <Cncre-Marr.rqecKoM o6ospeHan> H ttoA xHAuBr.rAyaJrsHsntl anropolr,r ),B pa3AeJre 6 coxpaur,eHHbre 3auraBnq npon3BeAesnfi B prrAecryr{aeB 6u.nn nepevHcJleHbt nocJle HaHMeHoBaHHn KoJIJIeKTH-sos. 3rH HaHMeHoBaHHg o6u'lHo noMeuraJrHcb noa ocHoBHbIMcJIoBoM (<<axaAeusg>, <<o6u{ecrBo>>, <<yHHBepcHTer> n r. n.),HanpHMep: AxaAeMHq ClannHo-rpeKo-JrarHHcKaq; O6qecrsoBoJIbHoe sKoHoMHqecKOe; yHHBepcHTer Mocxoscxufr H r. n.HanpNuep, B pa3Aene E n noApaaAele <Pocntcl poccnficxuunHcaTeJtgM> 3HaqHTCq:

4. Ara4eutn C;ranauo-lpexo-.Ilarnucxas s Mocxee3. fpaur'rarHxa fpeuecxan.

5. AxaaeMuq Poccnftcxar, n C. Il.6ypre.49. lpanrrrlarnxa Poccufi cxas.

p pqsa".t" A noa coorBercrByrouruMu HoMepaMH (Nb 3 nN! 49) noMeureHbr cJreAynune onucaHnfl:

3j fpauuar_xxa, lpeve-c-xaa, cos. Mocxoscxofi Cnaeano_fpexo-Jlaruucrcort Axadenuu. M. 801. 8.

!9. - -fparuuaruxa Poccuficxar, coq. poccuficrcon Arcadenuen.n. 802. 8.

Jln6onurno, qro B pa3Aene E s <PocnHcu poccnficxurvrnHcaTe,'tqM> B Kar{ecTBe K0JIJ|eKTHBHOTO aBTOpa paccMaTpH_BaJIcfl <<Eayxrcxnfi opAeH> (a pas4ene A noueureriu <<.Ilaruu-cxan fpauMaraKa, cou. Esyurcrcoeo opdeHe> H <KparxaRQpauuyscxaa lpauuarnKa, H3A. B noJrb3y roHourecreb, o6y-qao[lerocfl B r.uKoJrax Esgutcrcux>). Ecrl u raxoft xonnex-tsnHuft aBrop, KaK <<Boc[HraHHHKr.t Mocx. VH[rs.>> (n pas4ene

{ Ha 9ro o6paru.l BHHMaHHe M. A. EpncxMaH, orMeqaBurrfi, uro<npHHqH[ ,,KoJtreKTrBHoro, aeropa"_ npHMeHeH 6u.n enepnue A. K. lllrop_xorrl> (EpncKMaH M. A. B. f. AHacracennv. M., lg'b8, c. 180).

77

A noueureHur c6opgr.rxu <H orAux B noJrb3y, l.l.nl.r co6pauuecoqrHeunft fi [epeBoAoB B crnxax r.r B npo3e>> n <<Vrpeuuna3apr>, npeAcraBJrtrIoutue co6oli <<rpyAbr BocnuraHHuKoaM o c rco e c rco eo U u ua e p c ur er c Koe o 6 n ae op od noe o naru c uon a>>) .

B raxaofi H3 AByx qacrefi <<CncreuatuqecKoro o6ospe-HHn> r.rMeJlocr <<BgeAeHHe>, B KoropoM AaBaJIacb xapaxre-pHcrHKa oco6eunocrefi Aausoro uJAaHVfl H npr.rHrrr{noB, rroJlo-x(eHHbrx cocraBHTeJIflMH B ocHoBy ux pa6oru, a raK>xe<<3axnrcveHne>, coAep>raBttree ctatuctnqecxuli aHaJIH3MarepHaJIoR, BKJnoqeHHHx s <(CucreMarHqecKoe o6ospeHue>>,r.r no3BoJrsBuee cyAHTb o cocrorrHun nnTeparypu a PoccHaB HaqaJre XIX a.

Bo <<BseAeHr.rH>> K q. I <CucreMarnr{ecKoro o6ospeHua>lUropx cltequaJrbHo ocraHaBJrHBaJrcfl Ha Bonpocax onilcaHHfl.OHn 6u;rr.r H3JroxeHbr 3Aecb B BocbMH rryHKrax, Koropbree caoeft coBoKynHocrr{ npeAcraBJrflJrr.r co6ofi caoeo6pasuyroMeroAuKy 6u6.nuorpaQHqecKoro onucaHHs.

Onucanue s <CncreMarHqecKoM o6ospeurn>, KaK npa-BHJto, HaqrHaJlocb c 3aruIaBl,rfl. Jlgurs B BnAe HcKJuoqeHHRB HaqaJre yKa3blBatacl $auu.rlna aBTopa B poAI,lTeJIbHoM

naAexe, ecJIH 3Ta Qaun.nna BxoAHJIa B COCTaB 3ar,'laBHs:<Beilnana pyKoBoAcrBo K 3HaHHIo u ynorpe6neHun peK>.

Illropx orMeqaJl Bo <<Bne4eHnn>: <kls BecbMa Art'IHHbrxsaenaeuil KHHI noMettleHo roJIbKo cyqecrBeHHoe t.l orJHr{H-TCJIbHOC, HO TAK, T{TO, HCCMOTPfl HA COKPAIUEHI'Ifl' KHHTA

BcerAa orbrcKaHa 6url It,toxet>.5 Coxpauleuue gar.naslrft

6u;ro o6yc.lroBJleHo reM, qro [ocJIeAHHe B STor nepnoA qacrooTJrHr{aJI Hcb upear,aepHofi rpoMo3AKocTbto.

Iloc.ne 3arJIaBHq npHBoAHnHcb cBeAeHHfl o6 aarope (uur,Qauunnn, a B pflAe cJlyqaeB TaKxe rHryJI, 3BaHHe HJIH

AorxHocrb), KaK npaBnno, nocJle coKpauleHHoro cJIoBa

<coq.>. flocxo.nrxy raKoe coKparqeHne Morro o3Haqarb I'l

<<cor{HHeH14e>>, H <<coqHHHJt>>, H <<coqHHeuHufi>, QamN.nnn aBTopa

craBHJIacb coorBercrBeHno .ttn6o B poAnreJlbHoru, lu6o B HMe-

HHTeJIbHoM, ,rn6o e BHHHTeJIbHoM rtaAexe: <<coq. AxaAeMHKa

A. Mropxa>>; <<coq. Ceneru Coconoau'a>; <<coq. Ko.irn. Coe.Saxapuen f opnutrcuruom> (ro xe HMeJIo Mecro H npn yKa3a-HHH nOCJIe CJIOBa <<COq.> HanMeHoBaHHfl KOJIJIeKTI{Ba, Harlp.'KaK Mbr BHAeJIH, <co\. MocKolcKoti Cnaenuo-fpeKo-JIdruH-crcort Arcadenuu> H <coq. Poccuilcrcon Arcadenuep>\.

slII rop x A. K., Aae.n yn r <D. fl. Cucreuaruqecxoe o6oapeHue" ',c. XXIII-XXIV.

I6

Ecru npouaBeAeHr.re 6u.no nepeaeAeHo c Apyroro fl3brKa,To B onucaHnu o6uqso coo6ulanucr cBeAeHHg o r3brKe opurn-Hal,a H o nepeBo,u,quxe. CoxpalueHHoe cJIoBo <nep.> MorJIoo3Harlarb Id <[epeBoA>, I{ <flepeBeJl>, u <<nepeBeAeHo>>, no-aroMy Qauu.nnn nepeBoAqr{Ka npprBoAr{aacb coorBercrBeHHo.nn6o a poAHTeJIbHotu, lu6o B HMeHureJttsou, .rlH6o B TBopt{-reJrbHoM naAexe: <flep. c Heu. npo$. lpueopun fnunrcu>i<nep. c Heu. THr. cos. Maroert Pesanoa>; <nep. MuxattnonMuxattnoaotu>>.

<H.uena eo4uture./teit, a ectu KHHra nepeBeAeHa, To H

nepeao}uurcoa, - nncaJr lllropx, - Haner{araHbr KypcHB-HbIMH JrHTepaMn. Ec.nn coqngHTeJIH rrJrr nepeBoAqr.rKr.r HeHaHMeHoBaJIa ce6g, Ho HMeHa I{x cAeJlarucb MHe H3BecrHbIMl.r,To oHbre BKJnoqeHbt s cxo6xn, a paBHoMepHo Lt ocraJlbHbte6yxau r.rMeH, KorAa coqnHr{TeJrb HauMeHogar ce6g roKMoHar{aflbHbrMn 6yxnamu, Hanp., K.(apn) f .(a6nuq)>>.6

B onncagsn orMer{aJIncb cBeAeHHfl o [oBTopHocrrl HgAaHHfl,KHr.rrH: <<2-e rgA.>; <IlsA. HoBoe HcnpaBJreHHoe> H T. n.O uecre H3AaHr.rr (uasunaeuou lllropxom <<MecroM neqara-xua>) no BeeAeHaH roBoprlJrocb, qro B onncaHHrrx Bcrpeqa-rorcfl ToJrbKo l5 HagsaHnfi ropoAon r{ qro HeKoropbre rr3 3Tr.rxHassaHr.rfr Aalorcr coKpaueHHo. Tyr xe rroMeu{aJlcff llepe-qeHb coKpaueHHbrx o6ogsaqeuuft Aecsrn ropoAoB: <Mo-cKBa - M.>>, <<Casxrnerep6ypr - n.)>, <<CuoreHcr

-Ctto.n.>>H rp.7foAsr r{sAaHuR (HasneaBuuecfl lllropxot"t <<r'oAaMH neqa-

tauua>>), KaK nncaJt caM cocraBHTeJIb, <<o3HaqeHbt c Bbtnyue-HHeM TbtcgqH>, TO eCTb B OnHCaHr.tr4 TTpHBoAHJIHCb JILllXb TpHnocJleAHHe quQpu roAa, a repBas uuQpa (<<e4uHuua>)onycKaJracb. Hanpnrrrep, roa 1805 B onLrcaHHH yKa3btBaerctluuQpofi 805. Tax xe coxpaqar roA H3,a,aHnq no3AHeeB. f . AHacraceBr.rq a <<Pocnncu>> 6n6nnorexn B. A. I-lras[no-nrr.rKoBa. Bo nropofi xe qacru <CncteltarnqecKoro o6oape-unn>> A4e.nyHf B onHcaHHH roA H3AaHr,rff o6osHaqar o6uquo,To ecrb qerbrpbMa qnQpauH.

B onr4caHHH npHBoAHncs Qoprr,tar vsAaHHn (npanaa,B orAerbHbrx cJryqaflx oH nor{eMy-To He yKa3aH). HHor4a or-

6 Tau xe, c. XXIII-XXIV.7 B Hacrosuee BpeMf, H3 srLx coxpauleHaft flpnMeHqercq, KaK npaBr.rno,

ro.rrro <M.> (Mocxna). Corpauleune Ha3BaHrrt <Canxr-Ilerep6ypn> o4Hofi

:JX".%;T;;J;=J":t" cqurarb vAaqHbrM' n B ApvrHx vKa3arentx o'o

79

MeqaJrocb HaJrHqHe HJrnrocrpauxfi (nepea BbrxoAHbtMr.r AaH-HbIMH HJIn B KoHue onrcauua): <c $arypaMn>; <c 25 xaptun-KAMH> fi T. N.

B onncaHln MHoforoMHbrx us1aHtft vKa3btBaJrocb KoJIH-qecrBo qacreft HJrH ToMoB. Pnucxne unQpu, o6osHauarcu:,neB vzAaHHIl HoMepa qacreft HJIll ToMoB, B onHcaHHH 3aMeHfl-.lulcr apa6cxuuu (xax 9ro AeJraercfl B Harue epeun). EclnB OnrcaHHH npHBoAnnucb cBeAeHHq o Bcex qacTflx HJILr TOMaXHsn..aHHr, rlu$pil rroMeura./rucb nepeA coKpaqeHHbrM o6o3Ha-qeHI.{eM cJIoBa <qacrb> }rJtLI <ToM>: <3 q.>: <2 r.> H T. II.Ec.nll xe AaBaJrHcb cBeAeHHfl ToJrbKo o HeKoropblx r{acrflx HrHro_Max, ro quQpu noMerr1aJrHcb lrocJle coorBercrByrouleroo6osnaqeHxfl: <r{. 2. 3; r. 3. 5> I r. n. MexAy qiOpaMHB AaHHOM Cnyqae CTaBHJIaCb TOqKa.

B rex cflyr{aflx, KorAa K onflcaHnqM KHHrH HJIH crarbHnpHcoeAr.rHqJr[cb cBeAeHHfl O perIeH3HH, [OCJre OIIUCaHHfl IIpH-BOAHJIOCb Ha3BaHHe XypHara, rAe noMeqeHa perleHgHq(n coxpaqeHun), tolr,r, rracrb H crpagnua: <Cee. BecrH. II.136>; uXypn. Poc. Cros. I. 54> H r. n.

OnucaHag xypHaJtbnbrx crareft 3ax.[lo,{anucl s cxo6xx.flo sceri BepoflTHocrn, cxo6xt B AaHHoM cflyr{ae npnMeHflnacbc uenbro KaK-ro BbrAeJrnrb olHcaHnfl crarefi cpeAx onfica-wuit KHr.If , B onHcaHHI.I rrpHBoAHJrHcb 3arJraBHe crarbx(n or4e.ntubrx cryrtaflx H KaKHe-To rroA3afoJIoBoqHbIe AaH-Hue), cBeAeHr.rr o6 aBTope, AJrf, nepeBoAHbtx crarefi -o f3blKe, c KoToporo cAeJIaH [epeBOA, H O nepeBoArIHKe,a raKxe o x(ypHane, B KoropoM noMeureHa. crarbs (nepeasrHMH cBeAeHr.trMr.I r.r.rpe He npocraBJrflJrocb) : coKpauIeHHoeHa3BaHHe xypHana (fleqaraeMoe KypcHBoM, KaK n Saut.rrr.rr.rH I{MeHa aBTOpOB H nepeBoAqHKoB), TOM, qacTb l{ cTpaHHua,Ha xoropofi noMeureHo HaqaJro crarbx. foA HsAaHaR He yKa-3brBaJ|cq.

B onncauuu xypHanoB H raser. npHBoAHJrHcb Ha3BaHr.reLr3AaHLrr, cBeAeHr.rfl o ero H3Aarene (neuaraeuue xypcuaou),Mecro H roAbr u3AaHHfl,, Sopr"rar, yKa3aHHe nepHoAnr{HocrH,HoMepa roMoB r.r.nu qacreft.

CeeAeHr.rs o nepeBoAax npou3BeAeHrfi pyccxnx aBropoBHa nHocrpaHHbre fl3brKll, noAo6uo cBeAeHHrrM o peqeHsr.tsx,npHcoeAHHqJrHcb K OnHCaHHTO npoH3BeAeHHt H TIOMeUIaJIHCbc Hosoft crpoKn.

Oco6oe BHUMaHHe yAenflJrocb rouy, uro6tr <<coKpaureHuflnpH rr.rryJre coqr.rHHreJrfl HJrH r{HAe (r. e. rAe-HN6yal a ApyroMMecre, - H. H.) BcrpeqarcurHecq> 6u"nu <<Bpa3yMHreJrbHbl

80

6es o6tscneHrfl>.8 Peqr runa o roM, qro B onncaHnflx coKpa-uIeHHq CJroB BO BceX CryI{aflx cAeJIaHbl e raxol? Qopue',{ro6u ogn 6u.nn noHflTHbt qHTareJIIo 6es AononuuTeJlbHblxnoqcHeHnft.

B nepaofi qacru <<CHcreMarHrecKoro o6ospeuHtl> 3Be3Aor{-

xofi o6osHa.{arHcb KHHrLt, nepeBeAeHHbte c uHocrpaHHblxf3brKoB. Bo eropoft qacrn 3Be3Aoqxofi orMer{a"'lncb npoH3Be-

AeHrlg pyccKLIX aBTOpOB, HaneqaTaHHble 3a rpauauefi.Bo nropofr qacrtt B onHcaHllqx KHHI Ha norbcKoM fl3blKe H

Ha r3btKax HapoAoB flpn6a.nrr'rxH rIocJIe 3arJIaBHtl B Kp-yrJlblx

cxo6rax npr4BoAHJIcr ero nepeBoA ua pyccxufi q3blK. Onxca-HHfl BO nropoft uacru HepeAKo conpoBoxAaJlHcb aHHOra-

IIHqMH, COAepXaBllJI'lMH AOIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIe cBeAeHHg O KHnfax.Cocraanienu <<Cncrel,,tarnqecKoro o6ospeHnR> paspa6o-

TAJIH CBOIO METOAHKY ONHCAHHfl, OCHOBHbIC NOJIO}KCHHfl KOTO-

poft 6unn u3JIo)KeHbt lllropxorta so <<BeeAeHHH> K nepaoliqacru. 3ro cer.IAereJlbcrByer o6 ux cepbe3noM orHoueHHHK BonpocaM 6ra6.nnorpaQHqecKoro orHcaHHq. Paspa6orraMero,u.HKH cnoco6creoBaJla eAI'IHoo6pasHIo onHcaHHfl, a H3JIo-

xeHHe npHHuI{[oB cocraBJIeHHn onHcaHHft so <BBeAeHHH>>

s xaxoft-io uepe o6lerqaJlo qHTareJIIo norb3oBaHHe 6lr6.nuo-

rpaQuuecxuM yKa3areneM.' Kax cnpane4.nHno yKa3blBaJI H. B. 3Ao6Hos, onHcaHnrs .<C HcreM aruqecKoM o6ospeunH > orJIHq aJI Hcb <<gH a'{urerbHofiroqHocrbro (He yxasauu JIHlub rHnorparlua x qHcJIo crpaHHIL.{ro 6brno rorAa o6H'{HblM qBreHI'teM, Ho orcraBaJlo or pyccKon

npaKrHKH XVIII n.)>>.e HanoMHHM, ,rro B <<CaHrrnerep6ypr-cKHX yqeHbrx BeAoMocrnx> H. 14. HoeuxoBa B onxcaHuflxOTMCqAflOCb KOII,TTIECTBO CTPAHHII H YKA3bIBAJIACb THNO-

npaQua.' ,[,anexo He Bce pelueHnq, npHHtlrble Illropxorr,t n Ag,enyu-

rorvr B oTHoIIIeHHH 6u6.nnorpaQHqecKHx onncaHnfi, flBJIflJIHcb

yAaqHbtMLt (nanpnrr,tep, onucaHfie Bcex npoH3eeAeHfifi noA

3arJIaBHeM, xoTfl 3TO 6U.nO xapaxrepHo H Anq MHOnHX nOCJIe-

Ayroulnx 6r.rfuInorpaQuqecKux rpyAoB).,Bce xe ue.nufi pa4

nuroxesnfi B Hx MeroAuxe 6u6.nsorpaQuvecxoro oIIHcaHHfl

3acJIy)KLtBaer oAo6peuua H coorBercrByer rosAHefiuJefi(snrorr Ao Haurux Aneft) 6a6.nuorpaSuqecxofi rpaKruKe'

8 lllro p x A. K., A4e.n yn r O. fJ. Cncreuarnqecxoe o6oapeuue...,c. XXIX.

e 3.qo6nos H. B. I'IcroPnrXX seKa. 3-e uga. M., c. 147.

6 H. A. IlnxrQoPoncxan

pyccrofi 6u6luorPaQuu Ao Haqana

8t

Eo"ruruHu AocrouHcrBolrr <<CNcreuarHqecKoro o6ospeHnn>6ar"no ro, t{To Hprfl n savunna aBropa BKJrroqaJIHcb B ol,HcaH'eAa)Ke rorAa, KorAa oHH He 6lr"ryg o6oggaqeHH B KHHre, HoCra,'iH Ii3BeCTHbl COCTaBHTeJ.TflM H3 ApyrfiX HCTOqHHKOB,a raKxe HcnoJrb3oBaHue B arHX cnyqaqx cxo6ox. OAHaKonpeACTaBJIfleTCq H3JIl.ltxHHtvt II€AaHTH3MOM n HeonpaBAaHHbtMycJro)KHeHHeM on HcaHr4fl np HBeAeHxe B cKo6Kax HeAocralounx6yxa .lnuHoro fiMeHH aBropa HJIH nepeBoA,{nKa.l0 MoxnoorMernTb, qro npu noAo6sorvr [eAaHTH3Me [Iropx cqeJr Bo3-MOXHbTM B TeKCTe <<cncreir,tatuqecKoro o6ospennr> Bo MHOTHXcJryr{aflx soo6ue He yKasbrBarb B onHcaHHr.r He roJrbKo JrnqHonor.rMeHH aBTOpa HJIH rrepeBoAqr,rKa, Ho Aaxe ero HHHTIHaJIOB.Ilpaa4a, sro qaqe scero 6unaJro B Tex cnyttaqx, KorAaaBTop HJrr{ nepeBoAqnx 6u.[l.r AocraroqHo xopouo r{3BecrHbrqr.rrareJrn,. HanpnMep: <<cou. XepacKosa>; <Co6pauue pa3HblxcoqnHegufi B crHxax u npo3e Jlononocoea> r.I Ap. flonesHHrr,rqBrfl fl ocb H npH MeHeHae o6.r,eAnHeHHoro on ncaHHq : npHcoeAr.r_HeHHe K onHcaHHflM npoH3BeAeHHft cseAenHfi o perreH3r.tflxH nepeBoAax.

Hana npeAcraBflqercfl yAaqHbrM perueHHe coKpaqarbcroBa rax, qro6u 3rH coKpaqeHnfl 6brnn 6H noHqfHH 6esnoqcHeHr.rft. CoxpauleHflq s Ha38aHHflx xypHanoB 6unnpacurnQpoeaHbr ABaxAH: so <BBeAeHfiH> (a iinsn c vnoMa-HaHheM o peqensnax) u n <c3ax;loqeHur.t> (rae norrreutenneper{eHb xypHaJroB, crarbu H3 Koropbrx BKJrroqeHbr s <<Cr-creMarnqecxoe o6ospeHre>). Kax H3BecrHo, B Ha[rH AHH rrpuHeooxoaHMocTH HCrrOJIb3OBaTb TaKHe COKpauIeHHr, KOTOpbteMoryr 6trtl uenoHqrHbr qHTareJIIo, Aanrcfl cnHcKH coKparqe_HHli c lrx pacruuQponxori. B cflncKe r{cnoJrb3oBaHHbrx Hcroq-HrrKoB, lrpnraraeMou x 6r.r6;rnorpaQuuecxoMy yKa3areJrlcl,KAK NPABHJIO, AAroTCq XAK IOJIHbIC, TAK H COKPAIIICHHbICHar,rMeHoBaHHr nepuoAnqecKnx wzI.ap.uit, crarbn r.t3 KoropbrxBKrroqeHbr s AaHHHfi yKa3areJrb. Bo <BseAeHHH> [IrbpxcneunaJrbHo oroBapaBaJr 3aMeHy B OnHCaHnH purvrcxux qt$pB yKa3aHHr.r roMoB r.r ,{acrefi apa6cxnrrln. Oro coorsercrnyeicoBpeMeHHofi npaxruxe.

Herusq He orMernTb HcnoJIb3oBaHHe n nepeoti qacrn<<C ncteu aruqecKoro o6ospeu nR >> ltpn Hutr na <KoJrJIeKTHBHof oaBropa)>. Tax, e pa3AeJre E a no4pasAere <<pocrtHcl pocu.rfi-CKHM trHcaTeJrfM> KaK aBTOpbr paccMaTpHBaJrHCb HeKoTopbte

l0 CeroAug n 6r6.nnorpaSlqecKux yKa3areJlf,x, KaK flpaBuno, rrpuBo-ArITCfl TOJfbKO HHHr{haJIbt aBTopa Hnu [epeBoAqHKa.

82

yqpexAeHLIfl H OpraHH3alIHIt, noA HaHMeHOBaHnqMI'l KOTOpbIX

6n.rH co6paHbl cBeaeHnr o npoH3BeAeHHax, H3AaHHblx or Hx

HMeHH (Aaeanocl coKpaureHHoe 3ar,'laBHe npol'l3BeAeHHfl

c HoMepoM, IIoA KOrOpblM oIIHCaHHe sroro npoH3BeAeHHf

3HarrHrocb B pa3AeJIe A). HauueuoBaHl'lq 3rux KoJIJIeKTHBoB

B OIInCaHHqx neqaTaIHcb KypcHBOM - TaK )Ke, KaK I'lMeHa H

Qauu"tul.t HHAtiBnAyarbHblx aeropon. . B coapenaeHHofi

6u6.nHorpa$nqecxofi npaKrHKe B ocHoBHofi qacru 6n6nhorpa-

Quvecxoro yKa3areJltt oIIHcaHHe noA KoTJIeKTHBHbIM aBTopoM

npHMeHlercs peAKo, Ho ecJIH ueo6xoAnt'to co6parn e oAHoY

Mecre Mareptranbt, ony6.tturoaaHuble or I4MeHH yqpexAeHllltu opraHn3aurafi, sro MoxHo cAeJlarb c rloMourbto BcnoMora-TeJIbHOfO yKa3aTeJIf, BKJIIOqalouero Hal{MeHOBaHHfl KOJIJIeK^

Tr.rBoB. HpteuHo raK I,t locrynal lllropx.B uenou 6r-r6.nnorpaQnqecxHfi yKa3areJlb lllropxa n AAe-

ryHra xapaKrepH3oBaJICfl BbICOKHM AJtfl CBOero BpeMeHH

ypoBHeM 6n6.nnonpaQHr{ecKofo orlHcaHI'ttl, rBopqecKHM rr

BAyMr.rHBbrM IIOAXOAOM COCraBHreJIeil x peueuno ptlAa Bax-Hbrx BonpocoB, Kacan[rnxcr rIpHHuHnoB cocrasreHHs 6s6-.lurorpaSuuecxux onscasufi .

Ilpnmepu Irg q CrcreuatnqecKono o6oepex-nn pyccxofi nxTeparypblt- A. K. lllroPxa x O. [1. A4otYnra

A. tlepBaq r{acrr (cocr.A. K. lllropx)a) o4Horoltulle H3aaHHfl

Kparxue I{ Ha onblTHocrl{ ocuoBaHHble 3aMeqanl-lf, o S.nexrpu-

ult3Me lt o cnoco6gocrn 3.lerrpnuecKl'Ix MaIuuH K nouoraHnlo orpa3Hblx 6o,negsefi, c aso6paxenneM H onHcaHueu naunpocrefiureroDo,(a Maultn n pa3Hblx cnoco6og, ynorpe6.naelrux npu BpaqeBaHHH

r.rua 6o.resHefi. Co,a. Anlpeil 6otoroe. n. 803. 8.

Onur o qeJIoBeKe noeMa r. Ilone, nep. c @p. cruxaun r. IIa'noecKut. M. 802. 8.

OnucaHIle 3aBoaoB noA BeaoMcrBor"r ExarepnH6yprcKoro ropHoroHaqarbcrBa cocrotulux. Cou. O6ep-Eepr-laynruauou H e. fepnanon'Erar. 1804. B JIHcr.

6) uuonorouuble H3AaHI'lfl

Kaau n laprtronux, ApeBHee noBecrBoBaHue'2-e ugt. 2 q. M. 801.

Mocx. Xypn. I. 84.Orpuror

- -nepnoft necHfi llep. Hoe. Puxrep

Russ. Misc.

cou. Xepacxoea,

B CBoeM xypH.

* flo.nnoe co6panue coqurleusfi f ecnepa, nep. c Hervr', c {ap^lH.-HaMu s noprperoM coqHHHreJIq. M. 9' l. 802; q- 2. 803; q' 3 s 4' 804'

83

B' XypHanbHbte cTaTbH

(HstacHenlre reopnn aepocraroB; cort, II. paxnaaoaa, npgenpoca.804. l. Sit._. (O cyurecrBoBaHuu [anucoooft 3eMnH; coq. Oaora l(anaraHaKpgeenwre.pna. Texu. XApn r. III. q. I. t62. q. II. l3+).-'-

(Map$a lgcaaunqa HJ'rH noKopeHHe Honropo4a, r.iopnu..*""noBecrh cou..l(apansunotu. Becr. Eap. yll. I. i0B. l93). ', uep. -sa Heu.-Hoe.^llrTr^p B cBoeM xypn. Russ. &lisc. Ha <Dp.

Auoirr.rr',r. M. n Jlefinu. 80S. 12.

_ _(Hevro o crroBecHocrH .laruureft. C Heru. nep. l"p. (ueopuri)fn. (unxa). Cea. Becrn. V. b4).

r) xypua;lurTexuo,roruqecxnft xypxaa, u.llr co6paHue coquHerruft u rsaecrufi,

orHocrulHxcq Ao 1-exHonorllu l,t npu.lloxeHflfl yr{HHeHHbIx B HavKaxmxpurnfi K npa*r'_qecKorrry ynm'pe6.le""o, *isA. i";;p;r;;;;:;;Arc_adenuerc Hitsrc. C._gnr.- n. S04_AOS. 8. E;;.;;;;"";'r:.r;;;;a 2,{acrsx. (O-xoro _XypHuri rraurJro"' a*ra.""* ?l i

"": ;;:;;':Ces. Becrr. II. 136.'

^ . flarpnor.)Kypnan Bocnura Huf,, trsr,. Bnad. Hanafrtoawn. lvl. ffi4.8. 12 rerpa4efi a 4 ,racrgx.Ces. BecrH. II. 136. Xypx. pocc. c.rros. I. 54.

,4) ra3erHCaHxrnerep6y^prcKn-e_ Belouocrlr (ns1. ArcaAenuen Hagrc).n. 801-803. 4. 8d4-80S B Jrricr_Mocxoecxl,e

.ue{9M99TH, ^(.514.- npu Mocxoacrcort !aueepcurer-

crcoil runoepaSuu). M. 801_90b. 4.

b. Bropar qacrl (cocr. O. fl.Aa.ayHr)Handbuch der wissenswffrdligsten und zur Bef<irderung einergliicklichen medicinischen und ihirurgis.hu; F;;i;-""iitiiiiir,

geeigneten neuesten _Bemerkungen un-d Entdeckung.n. H"r'*i-g.egeben von D. Adotph Friedrih Loff ter, nrrr- (rlr.-'Holirtt",der Medicinar-verwartung der Gorjvernements weissreuisenGebursthelfer etc. Erster Eana. Erliit i-rba. A. 656 S. - -- -----'-

Auch unter dem Titer: die neuesten und nritztichsten'praktischenwahrheiten und Erfahrungen ffrr Aertzie und wunaart'zie'u. r'w.lyteg_ter.Baad. Nebst voilftandigem Rugirt"r. Eb.;d.-i8b;. Xii ;:924 S.

<Onur poccuficKofi 6t6.nnonpaext> B. C. Connxoea

Han6o;lee 3Har{HrerbHbrM qBreHHeu n pyccxoli 6u6.nuoroa_Qar.r nepnofi veraeprH..XIX s. 6urn orporuHurfi rpyA B. a. e;-rr H Ko Ba << On lrr

..poc c uitcxoir 6 u6nuor p a S vH H Jt t4 no.nHsr fi c;ro-Bapb coqHHeunfi u nepeBoAoB, Ha[IeqarrHHbrx Ha cJraBeHcKoM

84

H poccHftcKoM H3brKax or HaqaJIa 3aBeAeHHfl THno_fpaoHfi Aol&13 roaa> (I{. l-5. Cn6., l813-1821). (8. C. CongxosyMep, He ycneB 3aBeprrHrl csoft rpyA, I'l r. 5 6ul noAI'oroBJIeHK neqaru B. f. Anacracennqelt).

Bacunuft CrenaHosr.r.I Conuxoe (1765-1818) po4n.ncnn CysAane B Kyfle'{ecKofr ceule, 6ul cauoyuxofi, c,ryxul npu-Ka3rlHKoM e xHfixHoft JIaBKe, a s 1788 r. orKpbrJl n flerep6yprecBoro KHH)KHyro JtaBKy c ny6,'tllvuofi <6n6.nsorexoft AJIn qre-

Hr.rg>. Kara.nor arofi 6u6nnorexu, coAepx(auHft 6o.nee 1500HassaHr.rft, 6rt.n ugAas s 1800 r. Connxos 3aHHMaJIctl raKxeH3AareJIbcKoft n nepenoA,{ecxoft AetreJIbHocrblo, B qacrHocrH,oH nepeBeJl n ony6;rnxoBaJl rpyAbt QpaHuyscxt'tx qpocBeJu-renefi XVIII e. Borsrepa, Mapeurans, Mourecxle. B lSll r'Conuroe nocrynnJl o fly6nuuuyto 6n6lnoreKy, rAe B corpyA-HnqecrBe c 14. A. Kplt.nonuu npoBoAHJI pa6ory IIo KoMIIJIeKTo-BaHLrro SoH,aa pyccxofi KHHTH.

Oxo.no l2 ;rer Conilxoe 3aHHMaJIcr noAroroBKoft <<Onurapoccuftcxofi 6n6nnorpaSnH>>. B cocraBJIeHHu <Onura>>

eMy oKa3brBaJIH roMoutb Apyrue sllanlte 6u6nnorpaQu:EeI.. EonxosHrt'tHoB, K. <D. Ka.nafiAoBHtI n B. f' AHacracesnt{.Co6upaa cBeAeHHs o KHHrax, Connxoe rloJlb3oBaJIcs 6u6nuo-rpa$uuecxnMH yKa3areJltlMH, KaraJloraMu 6n6nnorex, KHI'Iro-

ToproBbrMH pocnHcflMn, a raKxe KHHxHbIMH o6laueunRun,ny6.nnxonaeurLrMttcfl s <CaHKTnerep6yprcxHX BeAoMocrflx>>

H B <<MocxoscKHx BeAoMocrflx>>. Kpoue roro, cBeAeHHtl

o KHHrax 6unu nonyueHbl HM <<or pa3Hblx oco6>>.

OcHoeHofi saAa.{efi, Koropyro craBLUI nepeA co6ori Conu-KOB, flBHJIOCb CO3AaHHe nOJIHOTO penepryapa pyccKolt neqaT-gofi xsnnn. Buue MbI ynoMHHaJIH o rtonbtrKax co3AaHnfl Ta-Koro penepryapa, rpeArpHHffrbtx s XVIII s. H. H. Easrltureu-KaueHcxnu H enrlcKonou Aauacrnndrvr (A. E. CeMeHosntM-Pyanenuu), rpyAbt Koropbrx He 6n.nn AoBeAeHbl Ao KoHua H

oCrarncl He ony6.ttHxoBaHbr. Conuxony )Ke B 3HaqHre.nluofiMepe yAaJrocb Bbrno,'tHHrb 3ry c.noxHetiuylo u Heo6ltxHoBeHHoTpyAoeMKyIo 3aAaqy, xorfl H y Hero HMeJIHCb nponycKH or-AeJIbHbIx npou3BeAeHufi. OruernM, r-tro <Onur> BKJIIoqaJI He

TOJIbKO KHH|H, HO H neplloAHqecKHe H3AaHutl: XypHaJIbl H

exeroAHHKH.CosAaeaq penepryap pyccxoft KHHTH, Connxon B ro x<e

BpeMfl crpeMr.rrcq npl.IAarb <<onury>> xapaKTep peKoMeHAa'rerbHoro H KpHrHqecKoro 6n6nnorpa$HqecKofo noco6Hq.C arofi u,€irblo oH BbtAerqr B orIHcaHHH KypcHBoM (u"rn, xaxBbrpaxaJlcfl cau ConuxoB, <<KocblMl't 6yxearrlu>) 3afJlaBl'lfl Tex

85

KHur, Koropbte, no ero MHeHHro, <<6brJu,r Aocroftgu oco6oroBHHMaHHfl Hatur.tx qurareleft> H Koropble <<Bce coBoKynHoMoryr cocraBnrb He6onturyrc ns6pauHyro 6ra6.ntorexy, Hav_raqe Arq rex, KoH cauu co6oro, 6ea pyxonoAcrBa onbrrHbrxr{ 3Halournx JInAefi, He B cocronHuH ug ronnKoro MHo)KecrBaKHHr cAeJrarb HaAJrex(aqero nu6opa>>.ll Kporue rolo, ConaxoecorrpoBox{AaJr MHorHe onHcaHr,rfl aHHoTaur.rflMH, HocfluIHMHB psAe cryqaeB peKoMeHAarennsulli HJrH rpurnvecxnftxapaKrep.

ConHxoe xoreJr raKxe, uro6u ero rpyA rlror 6url HcrroJrb_3oBaH n KaK xpecroMarufl IrJtH KHHra Arq r{TeHr.tfl. C groftueJrbro oH HepeaKo rrpHBoAHJr Bbtr[rcKr.t r{3 TeKcTa npog3BeAe-nr.tit, np[r{eM HHorAa BecbMa 3HarrHTeJrbHbre nd o6reuv(HalpHM_e_p, oH rroMecru;l l-rc a 3-ro necHn, unu uxuurui,rloaMbr 14. O. 6orAaHosrqa <!,yureulra>>, 3aHflBuHe B<<Onnre> 65 c.). OAHaxo nolbrrKa coBMecrnrb B paMKax oA-Horo HsAaHilfl ABa BHAa noco6uft _ 6u6.nnorpaegvecxoroyKa3areJrfl_ H xp_ecroMaruu (unu KH14rH AJrff qreHHs) oxasalacuHeyAauuori: o6urupuue BbrrnrcKn H3 TeKcra nponseeAeunfi3arpyAHflJru AJrfl qr{TareJrfl [pocMorp <Onura>> H HerroMepHoyBerutlxBaru o6teu HsLaHHfl. floerouy B [ocJreAHHx r{acrrrx<Onura> Conuxos orKa3aJrcfl or npHBeAeHH, orpbrBKoB H3reKcra, a B. H. Poroxns, floAroroBr.rBurafi (cnycro nourn crorer) Honoe r.r3AaHHe rpyAa Conaxona, onycruJr Bce orpbrBKr4,noMeureHHbre B nepBoM H3,.arnu <Onnra>.

floqrr Bce <<aBTopcKHe> KHurH onncaHbr Conuxoesrr4 noa3ar,'raBHeM. 3ro c;leAyer pacqeHr.rBarb KaK rrlar Ha3aA nocpaBHeHHIo c <Or.naereHlreM KHHr, KTo Hx cJIoxxJI)> Cu.nl-Becrpa MeAeeAeea, <<6n6laorexori poccnficxoft>> !,auacxaHaH KaraJroraMu 6u6nuoreK, B Koropbrx HMfl u $auunua aBTopa,KaK npaBr,rJro, npeAuecrBoBaJrH 3ar.JraBaro. .IIuut B oqeHbpeAKHx cryqasx Conaxoe npHBoArlJr B Haqare olrncaHH,Qauu.nnn H HMq aBTopa B poAHTeJrbHoM rraAexe, [pnqeM HMrraBropa (oHo o6uvHo AaBaJrocb B coKpaueHHn) sar.nrcvaJrocbB Kp_yrnbre cxo6xa, 3arJraBne x(e rrncaJlocb co crpor{Hofi 6yxesru o6uqHo orAeJrflJrocb or HMeHH aBropa sansrorl (no nubr4a3aflsras He 6u.na npocraBneHa). Tax onucbrBaJrncb r{aureBcero repeBoAHbre KHfirH, H3AaHHbre e XVIII a.: <Egxnepa(4_oeana1, MaHr{pa o crpoeHHr.r xpenocrefi...r, uBe,lidnelpa(Hoan. <Dpudp.) aptQuernKa...> H i. 4. Taxan Qoprr.ra codr_

rrConfixos B. C. Onsn poccuficxofi 6u6.nnorpa$r.ru. M., lgl4,q. 2, c. VIIL

86

BeTCTBOBaJIa OnHCaHHsM B KaTaJrOraX 6n6rHOTeK H KHI',IfOTOp-

roBbrx peecrpax XVIII s. BosN'toxHo, Conuxos 3aHMcrBoBaJI

toToBble onHcaHufl I,r3 STHX peecrpoB H Kara.[oroB.B noAaerqrcureM xe 6olrurnHcrBe cryr{aeB oIIHcaH}ls

cocraBJlflJlucr ConHxoebtM noA 3arJIaBI{eM, nocJle KoropolonpHBoAHnHcb HMfl N Qauunua aBropa, qaure Bcero B poAH-

TeJIbHoM naAexe (o6uruuo nocre coKp. <<coq.>>' o3HaqaBuero<coqr.rHeHnen), tto HHorAa - B TBopt'lreJlbHoM (nocre coKp'<coqHH.)>, o3HaqaBuero <<cor{HHeHUUIft>>)' Eng [epeBoAHblxxunr coo6ulaJlHcb cBeAeHI'ltt o fl3blKe, c KaKoro cAeJIaH flepe-BoA, a raKxe vMfl A Qauunun nepeBoAqHKa. HsorAa nocJle

3arilar,nfl, ynoMHHaJIocb o HaJInquH B KHHre nllncrpauufi:<c Quryparr,tl,t>>, <<c pHcyHKaMH>, <c qeprexaMH>> H r. n. I4g sF't'

xo,[.HbIX AaHHbtx B onucaHHe o6utqno BKJIloqaJIHcb roJlbKoMecro H roA H3AaHHr, a H3AareJIbcrBo n rnnorpaQtfl AaBa-JIHcb JrHrrIb B or{eHb peAKHx cryqarx. Mecro n3Larvr, npHBoAH-

Jrocb, KaK npaBHJIo, B I,tMeHHTeJIbHoM rlaAexe' Mocxsa A

Casxr-flerep6ypr coKpailraJIHcb coorBercrBeHHo <<M.>) vl

<<Cn6.>. B eLIAe HcKJIloqeHHs npH onilcaHHI'l HeKoropblx cra-pHHHblx KHI,lf MecTo ag&a}ll./.-fl' CTaBUJIOCb B npeAJIO)KHOM rla-

/lex(e: <, <<e BunuHe>> H T. n' B onHcauun orlleqa-JrHcb raKxe Qoprraar H ueHa KHHTH. KonuqecrseHHar xapaKre-pHcrHKa onycKaJlacb. A,rn orAe;leHntl Apyr or Apyra 6u6nuo-rpaQnuecxux cseAeuufi Connxos o6ltqno npHMeHflJI roqKyc'sanaroft, Ho nepeA cBeAeHHflMH o Qopruare craBnJlocb rnpe'a noc,ire unx (nepea yKa3aHHeM uenur) craBI.{JIacb roqKa.

B onucasuu MHororoMHoro I{3AaHHtl o6ut'{Ho ynoMHHa-

Jrocb JrHrrIb O6Uee KOIHI{eCTBO TOMOB, a B BbIXOAHbIX AaHHblX

npHBoAHJIHCb foAbl H3AaHUfl nepBoro n nocJIeAHerO TOMOB

(vepes rHpe). CneunQHxaunq AaBaJIacb xpafiHe peAKo,

npuqeM s Heri He yKa3blBarncb roAbl t43AaHVA orAeJlbHblx

TOMOB.B onucauufi rtepnoAnqecKoro u3AaHlzfl nocJle 3arJIaBHfl

o6rtqgo itaBaJIHcb roAbl BblxoAa u3AaHHfl' KoJll{qecrBo Bblrly-

cKoB, HMfl u $auwnua H3AareJIl, Mecro H3AaHHfl, Qopr',tar u

uesa. Cnequ$nxaunn, KaK rlpaBHJIo, He IIpI'rBoAHJIacb.Ec.nH s 3arJIaBHh Ha THTyJIbHoM JtHcre cyurecrBl{TeJlbHoMy

npeAuecTBoBaJIO npHJIaraTeJIbHOe, TO B Orll{caHHH 3TO rlpl{Jla-raTeJrbHOe noMeulaJlocb nocJle cy[lecrBHTeJIbHoro (B KpyrJlblxcxo6xax) : <<BunnnoQnxa (Apeeuaa poccltlicx4R) >, <AHatoul.tR(coxpaureHuan) > r.r r. n. OAuaxo 3ror npHHuHn' 3aHMcrBoBaH-

nufi,' no ecefi aeponrHocrll, H3 HeMelrKoit 6u6nnorpa$nu,BbIACP)KHBAJICfl HC BCETAA: HANPI{MCP' NPHJIATATCJIbHOC

87

<<HaqaJIbHbrr?> BO MHOTHX Cnyqaqx npocraBJlflJrocb nepeAcyqecrBr'rreJrbHbrM (rax, xax oHo cror.rr Ha rr.rryJrbHorrl .nncie),xorq cxo,4Hoe c HHM npnJlarareJlbHoe <<nepBoHavaltubrfi>,KAK I,I 6OJIIIIHHCTEO APYrI,IX NPI.iJIAI'ATCJIbHbIX, NOMCIIAJIOCbnocne cyulecrBlreJrbHoro B KpyrJrnx cxo6xax, HanpHMep:<OcHosaHHn (nepnouava.ntnde) Jrarr.rHcKofo fl3brKa>.KpoMe Toro, npHJraraTeJrbHoe coxpaHflJlocb B HaqaJIe onHca_HHfl B Tex cJryqaflx, KorAa [poH3BeAeHr.rfl aBropa 6unn co6_paHbr B oAHoM Mecre noA py6puxofi, BKJrroqaB[refi darr,trllltoaBTOpa.

B csqsu c reM, qro IIoqrH Bce KHHIH 6unu onncaHbr rIoA3afJIaBHeM, npoH3BeAeHHrr oAHoro aBTopa s <<OnbrTe>> o6H,rHonoMerqaJtucb B pa3Hbtx Mecrax. oAHaXO conHxos, BI.IAHMO,Bce xe orAaBaJI ce6e or,ler B ToM, qro quTareJrro MoTJIH rrorpe_6osarlcq cBeAeHHs o Bcex npou3BeAeHnflx oAHoro aBropa,[o-3roMy oH BBeJr py6pnxra <<CoqHHeHHq r.. fiepxanr.rHar,<<CoqHHeHHq r. Bo.nlrepa, [epeBeAeHHbre c Opu"irvsc*oio",<CoqHHeHHfl n. On.nnAuur.a)> }t r. n., KaxA ag, uz Koropbtx,BKJrroqaJra nepeqeHb npoH3BeAeHuft yxasauuoro nHcareJrs.no noAoo.Hbrq pyOpHKH AaHbr JrHtub Anq Har6oree H3BecrHbrxnHcareneft. B_ pas4ele, flocBruIeHHOM KHHTaM uepxonuofi[eqaTH, n py6pnxe <Cnona noyq[TerbHsre> Conuxo"

" *r_qecrBe noApy6pax nprlBeJr HMeHa H 3BaHHfl aBropoB (uepxoa_Hbtx AeflreJlefi), uro AaJro Bo3MolKHocrb co6pirt i oi"o"MecTe BCe << noyqHTeJr bH bre

-cJroB a )>, n pHH aAJrex a rllHe oAHOM y

1.1^y (ii-, noapy6pnxa <<OeoSaHa flpoxononHva, apxuenH-

CKONA HOBTOPOACKOTO>) BKJIIOI{AJIA CBbIllIC ABAAUATH ErO<(cJ'IoB)> ) .

,,_-B p"oa cryr{aeB Connxon pacKpbrBaJr coAepxaHue KHHr.l,lHorAa oH noJrHocrbro BocnpoH3BoAHJr ornasrbHne. Tax. oHrrp H BeJr [oJr Hocrbro o_6_ur gp H-oe o rJr a BJr eH He <A pe n n e ri pocc n fi _

:i?.i :llr"ognxr> H. V. Hoenxosa. OnncaHuq crapaHHbrxKHHr LonHKoB qacTo conpoBoxAaJl npHMeqaHHgMH O TOM. rlToKHHIa <peAKa>, <<upesauuariHo peAKa> H T. n., HJtr,r aHHora_IIHf MH' XAPAKTCPI]3OBABIIIHMII OCO6CgUOCT H KHHTH I4JIT4oTAeJIbHbrx ee 3K3eMnJrflpoB; B HeKoTopbrx cryr{afx yKa3br-BaJIOCb H MeCTOHaXoxAeHHe AaHHoro 3K3eMnJIgpa.

Orcyrcrnae B usAaHHu cseAeHnri o Mecre H roAe ConnxonorMeqaJI B npuMer{aHNn: <<6e3 o3HaqeHng Mecra H foAa)>,<<6eg osHaqeHufl Mecra>), <<6ee o3HaqeHnrr r.oAa>). ec,,r, Vaa"al.noct npn6.itr,t3r{TeJIbHo ycraHoBHTb roA H34aHHfl, 3Tor roAtrpHBoAHJrcfl B onxcaHHr,r: <<6es 03HarreHHfl Mecra fl foAa(oxono 1525 roaa)>.

88

.[,oeolsHo']acro ConHKoB rrpnMeHs.n o6teAuHeHHHe onn-caHHq, npHcoeAHHrrfl K onHcaHHro nepBono r.r3AaHxfl cBeAeHHflo ApyrHx H3AaHr.rqx, a B orAeJrbHbrx cJryqarrx fi o nepeBoAaxnpoH3BeAeHHq Ha HHOCTpaHHbre fl3brKH: q3btK nepeBoAa,Mecro H roA H3AaHHfl u Qopuar. Ecnn xHHra nepeu3AaBaJracbMHoro pag, BMecro o6reAuueuHoro orrHcaHr.rq Connxon AaBaJrnpHMer{aHI.Ie o HaJrHt{I,tH MHOTOqHCJIeHHbTX nepeNSAaHnfi:<<floc.ne MHoroKparHo 6u.na nepeu3AaHa>. HHorAa K orruca-HHto npHcoeAr.rHflJlacb AaHHbre o peueHsrlH Ha KHHry (coxpa-uIeHHOe HaHMeHOBaHHe X(ypHanA, B KOTOpOM nOMeuIeHa pe-ueH3Hrr, r'oA, Mecflu HnH HoMep).

Kax cKasaHo n <<flpe4yne4oMJleHilH> Ko 2-fi qacru<<Onbrra >>, Kpecrr,rKoM noMeq arocb <cor{HHeHr,re poccr-r fi cxoe>>,ssegAo,txofi - <<cor{HHeHr4e, [epeBeAeHHoe c HHocrpaHHorofl3brKa>, <<coMHHTeJIbHbre> xe coqHHeHHn (r. e. raxue, orHocH-TeJIbHo Koropbrx cocraBHTeJ'no 6Hro HeHsnecrHo, HBJIflr,orcfl JIHoHH opnruHaJraMH HJrH nepeBoAuuuH) 6lr.ru <<ocrasnentr 6egBCflKOTO 3HaKa>.

B <IIpegyae4oMJreHHH> ConHxos H3Jro)KHJr HeKoropbreIIp HHrlHrrbr, KoTopbrM H oH pyKoBoAcrBoB aJrcf npr{ cocTaBreH H H

onucaHuft. Tax, ou npeAylpexAaJr qurarena: <<flpocrpau-uefiurne H MHorocJtoBHbIe. qacro HeJIeIIbre 3arJIaBHfl r noqeJr 3aHyx{Hoe coKpaTr.rTb, yAepxHBafl r,t3 HHX ToKMo HyxHoe H

cyxlecrBeHHoe, Ha6JrnAar, npr rom, uro6sr sesAe 6Hr nolsnftcMblcr rI gcHoe noHflTLIe o cauoft KHHfe. a HHarIe [oMeIIreHHeMoHbrx or cJroBa Ao cnoBa KHHra Mos 6es eu,u.HMofi noJrb3bryBernrrr4racr 6lr noqru BABoe>. <<flpu ncRxoft KHure, cKoJtbKoMHe I{3BeCTHO, He ynyCKaI q O3HaqaTb HMq CoqHHHTeJIf H rrepe-BOAr{r,IKa, C KaKOTO g3blKa OHa nepeBeAeHa (xoTfl B 3arJIaBHfXToro H He cxasauo), cKoJrbKo 6u.no onoft us1aruit, rAe Haneqa-TaHa H B KaKyn Aonto Jlttcra. 3anaeqeHo npHToM, ecrfi cor{HHe-HHe HMeer floxHoe Ha3BaHHe aBTopa, Kax-ro Pouau IIJ,acrau-aaui con}a? Ha3BaH corrHHeHHeM r. Mapnoureltn, BrecroMoauntona r r. n.>.

ilpusunnu onHca HHq, HgJro)KeHHbre ConHrossr r,a a <flpeay-BeAOM,'leHfiH>, IIpeACTaBnfltoTcfl BIToJIHe pa3yMHbtMr.t, Ho,K coxaJteHrro, caM Conaxoe Ha [paKTHKe He BcerAa HMcJIeAoBaJr. 3ar.naelrs KHHr HepeAKo coKpau{aJrltcb qpe3MepHo,a xHorAa H Ao Hey3HaBaeMocrn r{cKaxaJrucb. ,[,a.nero HeBcerAa ycraHaBJrHBaJrHcb Qaun.nr.rn H nMfl, aBTopa, orcyrcrBo-BaBtulre B H3AaHHH (nasr nueeru B BHAy raKue cJryr{afi, KorAacAeJlarb sro 6srro BnoJrHe nosuoxHo). Eolee roro, ecJrn 3THcBeAeHr.rf 6urna s u3AaHHH npuBeAeHbr, Ho IroMeu{aJIHcb He Ha

89

THTyJTbHoM JrHcre, a B Apyrou Mecre, ConnKon, KaK npaBnJro,HX He yKa3btBaJI. <<Mgorne Hg aHoHI.rMoB. - orMeqaJ'IB. V. CauroB, - o6tscHqrorcr r.t3 cpaBHeHHfl rpyAa ConH-KoBa c ApyrnMH KaTaJroraMH, Hanp. flrasr.ursrqHxona, Cmup-AnHa v oco6eHso H3 HenocpeAcrBeHHor-o cpaBHeHHfl c noAJIHH-HnKaMr.r>. Camomy Canrory <yAanocb o6rqcHr.rrr cJrHrrrKoMnflTbcor aHoHHMoB>, BcrpeqaBluuxcn y ConnKoBa.12

B. H. PoroxHH B npeAltcroBni? K noAroroBJreHHoMy HM ne-pen3AaHlrn <<Onura poccnftcxofi 6ra6nuorpaQHH> ConHxosanHcaJI, qro nyreM crar{eHnff <<Onuta> <<co MHorHMu 6u6nno-rpaQHuecxuun noco6asMn H MarepHaJraMH> eMy <<yAaJrocbr,fJIH BnoJrHe uctrpaBHTb MHorHe HeroqHocrH u otnu6xu, unuxe ToJtbKo BbtflcHHTb l.t _yKa3aTb Ha MHorr{e [poTHBOpeqHflH c6HBqHBbte yKa3aHHr Connxoga, a raKxe BoccraHoBHTb HpacKpbrrb HMeHa u Qauunuu MHorux aBTopoB H [epeBoAqr.tKoBTaKHx HgAaHHfi, Koropbre B TpyAe ConHxoea gaseceHu 6tr.nl.raHoHHMHbtMu>>.13 B cBoeM u3AaHAv PoroxaH Bce onucaHHqBocrrpon3BeJr B ToM BHAe, KaK oHu 6urnu Aasu ConuKoBbrM,a sce oufi6Klr ofoBoplJt B npuMeqa*vflx.

flepeaa peueH3r.rfl sa <Onrrr pocclrricxofi 6u6nuorpa$uu>6n.na HanucaHa u3BecrHbrM yqeHbrM-apxeorpaeotvr u 6u6nuo-rpaQorvr fI. M. Crpoeesrrra (1796-1876) n rroMeuleHa B r.t3.u.aBa-eMoM HM xypHare <<ConpeueHHuri Ha6"nr,oAareJrb poccnricxor?cJroBecHocTl.r>. o rpyAax conHxoea B perleH3riH crrpaBeAJrHBoroBopnJrocb, qro oHr.t <<4ocrorlntr 6laro4apHocrn uauefi reu6o.nee, qro 6u6.nl.lorpaQnn ecrb y Hac eule HoBafl MaJron3Becr-Has, vt, cJreAcrBeHHo, qpe3Bbrqaftuo rpyaHafl HayKa)>. B ro >xe.BpeMrr fl. M. CrpoeB BbrcKa3brBaJr H KpHTHqecKrle 3aMeqaHr.tfl,<<Koropbre r. Connxosy n 6yayuruu 6u6.nnorpaQalr pyccxrauMoryr Surs se BnoJrHe 6ecnonesHH>>. Ho npexAe BceropeueH3eHT nonbrraJrcf onpeAefiHTb <<o6ggauuoctt>> 6u6nuo-rp a$a B orHorueH H H cocraBJreH r4r 6u6 nvorp aQuvecxnx onHc a -uufi u ycraHoBaTb, KaKHe H3 gJreMeHTon (nolrumo aBTopa H

sarilaeufl, <<caMo co6oli pasyuenur,Hxcn>) HenpeMeHHoAoJIlKHbr 6urt npuBeAeHbr B onucaHHr.r. BsrcxagsreaHHqn. M. Crpoeaa npeAcraBrsr,orcs AocraTor{Ho fiHTepecHbrMH,IOCKOJIbKY B HHX MO>KHO BHACTb OAHH H3 NCPBbIX OTIbITOBI{3JIOXCHI,I' MCTOAHKI,I ONHCAHHf .

t2 C au ros B. 14. 3auerxu n pa3rrcHeuria r cOnury poccHficxoft6u6.nuorpaQnn> B. Conrxosa. Cn6., 1878, c. 3.

'o Conilxos B. C.-Onur poccuficxofi 6r.r6aronpa$uu/pea., uptueq.,Aon. H yKa3are;ru B. H. Poroxnsa. Cn6., 1904, q. L, c. V.

90

Ha aonpoc: < fl. M. CrpoeB orBel{aJt: <<flpeAnoxnrb HaM flcHoe ro-Hrrr.re o KHHnax (coqHHeHHe, nepeBoA, coKpauleHHe, HoBoe

ua4aHue) ; o3Har{HTb Mecro Hx nertaraHua (Mocxna, C. ile-rep6ypr, Pura), runorpaSuo, fAe oHa ner{araHa (npn AxaAe-MHH HayK, npu CuHo4e, y raKoro-ro); Qopr'lar (n .nncr, s 4,a 8), uncno crpaHuu; HMelorcfl JII{ npn HHx KaKHe-To KaprHHbl'nJraHbr, qeprexn H T. rl.>>.14 B 4aunou BbrcKa3blBaHI'lH rlpeA-craBJrflerct yAauHofi o6uras Qoprtry;rnposxa <<o6q3aHHocrH

6n6nnorpaQa>, a nMeHHo <<npeAJloxtlrb HaM rcHoe noHtlrueo xsnraxn. B ro xe BpeMs <o6q3aHHocrr 6n6.nuorpaQa> rpax-ToBaJracb Crpoenuu yxe, uenn MbI noHHMaeM ee ceroAHs.

Ha apyrofi Bortpoc: <<Tot{Ho .nn r- ConnxoB BblrloJIHI'IJI 3rH

npannra?r, n. M. Crpoes AaJI orpuuarellsltfi orBer: <<Het,

oH He ynoMHHaer o rnnorpaQHqx, B KOHX ner{araHbl KHHrU;

He noKa3blBaer rnasHefiIrero, T. e. qHcra crpaHHII B KHHre'

H noroM He BbtcqnTbtBaer Bcex usr,a:g.uil BbIUeAIUHX KHHI.

floc;reAHee upesnuuafiuo Ba)KHo; He AoBoJIbgo cKa3arb:TaKafl-To xHnfa 6rt.na seoAHoKparHo nepeileqarasa, raxofi-ToKHHrH BbruJJIo npeMHoro HsAaHlrfi' Dra6.nuorpaQ o6qsaH

BbrcqnTarb HX Bce coBepuleHHo>>.'o

n. M. Crpoen o6Hapyxn.n, qro ConnxoB <<BHAeJI BecbMa

MaJro KHH| n qro En6luorpaQna ero cocraBJleHa no oAHI'lM

KaraJIoraM KHHfonpoAasuis u ny6nuuHutx 6n6'nHorex>>'16

HeconsegHo, to o6croflTeJlbcrBo, qro 6o.nuuoe qficJIo onnca-HHfi cocrasneHo ConnxoBbtM He de visu, qro oH <<onHcbIBaJI

KHHrH 6o.rlure no Hcror-rHHKaM, no yKa3aHHqM, co cnoB Apy-rnx>>,17 H flBHJtocb rrasHofi npuunnoft Bo3HI'lKHoBeHnfl B eno

TpyAe 3Har{HTerbHoro KoJIHT{ecrea oulI'r6ox. flpr'r sroltt CorH-KoB HHKaK He orMeqaJI KHI'trH, onncaHHble He de visu.B. M. VHao.nrcxufi [HcaJI B cBff3ll c 3rHM: <<OAHo, qero Herb3tl

ervry (ConuxoBy, - H. H.) rpocrurb, t{ro He orMerHJI, KaKyoKHlrry oH BHAeJI caM, KaK To Aeran rillareJrbHblfi KennenB cBoeM cnHcKe nepBoneqarHblx KHHr>>.18

laConpeueuuufi na6ltoaarell poccuficxofi cJIoBecHocrH' l8l5'Nb 15. c.90.

l5 Tau xe, c. 91.16 Tau xe.17 Canros B. H.3auexn H pa3'bflcHeH,lfl..., c.6.tt MeABeAeB C. Or.naglesni xnnr, Kro I{x cJloxHtl Vzl,' B' Vu-'

Ao.lr,crfifi. - tlresns s O-se llcropull u 4pennocteil poccuftcrnx, 1846,

rs. 3, ora. 4. Cuecs, c. XVIII.

9l

<<Turarelluuni>> fI. H. KenneH, o6pautaa BHHMaHHe Ha6o,rruroe KorHr{ecrBo oneqaroK e (<Orbrre> Controna, yKa3br-sar: (<CaMbte o[eqarKH B coquHeHnnx raKoro poAa MeHeerrpocrHTeJtbHbt, He)KeJrr.t rAe-JIH60, I,r B cJ'ryqae raKoBbtx norpe_ruentfi c Haueri cropoHbr Mbr oxorHo caun ce6e noAnHcusaeNrnpHroBop: u6o one.{arxu 6u6luorpaSru nouru croflr rrorperx-socret? e ra6nnqax lorapnQuoB, o KoHx, ecJIH KTo raKoBble3aMerHT, Torrlac noMeulaeMbt 6ursator H3BecrHn B yqeHbrxBeAoMocrnx>>.le BbrcKagbrBaHufl n. M. Crpoena, B. M. Vu-AoJlbcKofo *t tl. Vl. KenneHa, npHBeAeHHbre HaMH, cBuAerer,rb-crBytor o roM, r{ro MHorHe pyccKHe 6n6lHorpaQu nepeorinoJroBnHbr XIX s. npeKpacHo noHr.rMaJru 3HaqeHHe ror{Hocrr.t6u6.nnorpaQHqecKoro onHcaH Hfl .

Hecuorpa Ha ro r{ro Bce, rrHcaBlune o6 <<Onlrre>>, o6pa-ulaJIH BHHMaHHe Ha HMeroluaecrr e Her{ ouJra6KH I{ HeroqHocrH,3ro He Meuaro r.rM orAarb AoJl)KHoe rpyAy Connxosa H B qe_JroM BbrcoKo oueHHTb ero. <TpyA Connxona, - clpaBeAJrHBOorMer{aJr HseecrHuft 6n6nuorpa$ nepnofi noJroBr.tHbr XIX n.H. H. Caxapon, - ecrb rsraurcxrfr noABHr AJIR ero Bpe-MeHn. . . flarrlqrl (.ro He3a6BeHHa Arq pyccxoft 6n6;rnorpa$lrH.HaqHHaq caofi rpyA, oH nepecMorped'r Ka3eHHbre H rracrHbre6u6nuorexw, co6par pyKorrucHbre KaraJrorn n 6o.nnruyrc uacrlOCMOTPCJI THIiHO

- I,I BCC 3TO N3AAJI NOA CKPOMHbIM HA3BA-

HHeM onbrra. . . Kar qeJroBeK, npuHnnurHficq 3a rpyA, He HMeB-urlfi pyxonoAilTeJrfl, oH He He6exar ouJH6oK'u ueucnpan-Hocrefi; Ho Bce ero HeAocrarKr.t HcKynarorcfl H ero 4o6puuHaMepeHHeM u rpyaonn6HBbrM H3brcKaHHeu>.20

Moxso noJrHocrbro corJracnrbcr c o6ulefi ouesxori TpyAaConnxona, AaHHofi c_oBercKHM 6ra6nuorpaeo"

" ,arop"ô"6n6nuorpa$r.rn H. B. 34o6HosnrM, xoropufi nHcaJr, rrro<<HecMorpfl Ha HerroJtHory u owu6xn (uacro BecbMa cv_ulecrBeHHble), ,,Onur" ConHxoea ocraercfl oAHHM Hs caN{HxBbrAarouHxcs 6u6luorpaQr.rvecxnx naMflrHHKoB pyccxofisauuoHa.nrHoft 6u6nuorpa$uu noqrn sa rpexcornerHnriflepnoA KHuroner{araHHfl Ha pyccKoM s3ltKe>>.21

Xorg <<Onrrr>> ConnxoBa HecoMHeHHo rBJrfercfl Bbrrao-IllHMCfl TpyAOM, OH B rO X(e BpeMfl Moxer cJryxt4rb H noyqH-

l9

20

c. 10.2l

92

Bu6,rnorpaSnuecKHe rrncrbr, 1825, Ne 3, c. 4.C a x a po s H. H. Pyccxr.leapeBHHe naMsrHHKH. Cn6., 1842, srrn. l,

3Ao6nos H. B. Hcropun pyccxofi 6u6,rr.rorpaQnu, c. 177.

TeJIbHbrM rrpuMepoM Toro, KaK HeAocrarKu 6n6lHorpaSHve-cKono onHcaHilq cnoco6HH so MHoroM orpHuareJrbHo cKa-3arbcfl Ha Kar.recrBe Bcefo H3AaHrlfl B lreroM. B xaxofi-ro uepegTu HeAocrarxH (sHavnreJlbHarr qacrb nx, KaK Mbr ynoMHHaJIH,6uua NcnpaBJreHa B. H. PoroxuHuu), nocJtyxllB noBoAoMK o6cyxAeHflr,o BonpocoB onHcaHHfl B peueH3r.rgx H B nocre-Ayrouux pa6orax, nocBnureHHbrx <<Onlrry>, cblrparx poJrbrroJre3 Horo ypoKa Ar'r q ro3AHe fi w vt x 6u6 nuonp a Qoo, no6yxAa gttx o6panlarb cepbe3Hoe BH14MaHHe Ha ror.rHocrb H rrod'rHoryonncaHr.rfi.

Ilpnrrrepu ng <Onura poccnficxofi 6n6arorpaQnnD B. C. Connxona

l. CrapHHHoe H3AaHHe

Anocro,r, l.tru AeqHHt H nocJ'raHnt Anocro.nscxne, nepeBeAeHdc ,Ilaruscxoro nepeBoaa, [MenyeMoro By.nrara, ,fl,oxropor'r @paHqu-cxou Cxopr.rxon ng flo.noqxa; n Bx.rrHe, 1525 - s 8.

Ilpepedrcaa xnuea.B Poccllr MHe H3BecrHbl ronbKo ABa gK3eMnJrqpa cero BecbMa

peAKoro vs[arufli oAHH HaxoAHrcs g 6u6rr.rorexe 6Hsuero f. Ilpo$ec-copa Mocxoscxoro yHHBepcxrera Bayae, a apyrofi s 6u6Jr.fl. f. r{aaaaeea.

A;rs ap6onurHbrx oxorHnKoB Ao apeBHocru coo6uralo gAecro6croRre.rssoe n3Becrrre o ceM qpe3Bbruafiuo pegrou H3AaHHH..,

2. V g t a tt il q XVIII-XIX ss.

a) onucaune noA Sauuauefi anropa

IIgQSendopSa (Carrr.) aueaenne B HcropHro Eaponeficryn; ne-pea. c JIarnucKoro, noBeJreHre flerpa Be.nxxoro, HepouoHaxou lan-pHHJloM byxHHcxnu, Cn6. l7l8 - s n.

6) onncanne noa 3arraBneM

OcHosaHus (nepnsre) ecrecreeuHofi HayKH, uJtrr SHauxr;co,t. Ilerpa S6epzapda; nepeB. c Her*1. A;rexcefi Mapron; c SnrypanaH;Cn6.l78l-n8.4p.

MuHeparorur, HJIH orrlrcauue BcrKoro poAa pyA r{ ucKoflaeMbrxTer u3 3eMrH; cor{. r. Ba:nepuai nepeBen c Heueq. Hr. lll;rarrepc Qrrypaur.r; Cn6. 1763 - a 8. I p.

O6ospeHue (xparKoe HcropHvecroe) orKpbrrnr ocrpoBoB llopry-raJrbuaM[, JrexaulHx n Tnxou Oxeaue, co6p. Cenenon 3g6rcoeoL,tt;Kypcx, 1804 - s 12. 70 x.

n) unororouuoe HgaaHHe

Kypc (uaua.nr4ufi) @n.noco$tlr; coq.. r, Cnzann; c Heueuxonos3brKa nepeBeJru H c HeKoropbrMH npHMeqaHHf,MH H npu6an.neunRuu

93

u3aa;l.n Kagascroro Vnunepcnrera Agrnuxru AlexcaH4p JIy6xHuH flerp KoHlurpea; 5 vacrefi; KasaHr, l8l3-1814 - n 8.

Co4epxanre oxoro:tlacrr I. Sunupuvecxaa flcHxororuq, uan ua6ntolareJlbHoeAyuecJIoBHe.

9acrr II. Jloruxa H KparKas MeraQnauxa.r{act III. Sctersxa l-tnH KplrrnKa BKyca.9acrr IV. HpanoyueHfie H npaBo ecrecrBeHHoe,

- tlacrs V. HpascreeuHoe Bepoyr{eHne u o6oapeuue l4cropHx<Du.noco$un.

r) o6teauHeHuoe on[caHue

Onucanue eeu.nu KauqarKr.r; cor{. flpoQeccopolrl CrenanonKpawenunnuxoeotn;2 q. co MHoTHMtl pHcyHKaMH ]t naHAKapraMH;Cn6.1755.-s8.

Tocrc, nza. nrop. 2 q. Cn6. 1786 - s 4.<Dpauqyscrnft repeBoA; 2 ,t. Jlnor 1767 - n 8.Tocrc, usa. Bropoe; flapax 1768 - s r.Toilc, us4. rperr.re; Aucrepganr; 2 .1. l77l - s 12.Aur.nnficxufi nepeBoA AoKropa fpaftaa; f.nouecrep, 1764 - s 4.

a) xypHa;r

Becruurc Eoponot fla 1802 u 1803 eodor, codepcrauquil a ce6euuocrpatHA,o ctoaec+ocrb, orqacru u Poccuficr,ue co4u+eHun uno.ruruKg; usdaaan Hurcoaalt Kapatsun; (rcaccdwrt eo) codepxura ce6e 24 KHuJtcKu uau uonepa); Mocxsa - s 8.

Totrc, sa 1804, 1805, 1806 n 1807 roAbr, u3A. Muxafito Kaqe-uoecrcuil; Mocxsa-s 8.

Tox, ua 1808 roa; r!3AaBaJr Bacu.rtuii Xgrcoacrcufr; Mocrna - s 8.Tocrc, na 1809 u l8l0 roAbr, u3A. M. Ka,reuoecrcud u B. Xg-

rcoacxurt:Mocxga-s8.Tocrc, na l8ll, l8l2 x l8l3 roAbr; H3AaBan Muxafiao Kaqe-

xoacrcutT; Mocrsa-e 8.Kax,quft ro4 no 12 p.Cefi xypna.rr npoaonxaercr na l8l4 roa; fl3Aarenb Bnadunup

Itenailnoe.

e) exero4Hr.rx

Cnucox (o6urnfi ue4r.rqxHcrufi) sa 1809 roa; Cn6. 1809 - s 8.To*, na l8l0 roa; Cn6. l8l0 - s 8.Togc, sa l8l l roa; Cn6. lSl l - n 8.Totr, sa l8l2 roa: Cn6. l8l2 - e 8.

(Pocnlcb pocclrficKnM KHHTaM ,qJrs qreHuc lr3 6rt6nuoTeKnB. Il.nas[JrunxoBa) B. F. AnacraceB[qa

K uan6o.nee 3HaqHred,rbHbrM 6t,t6rHorpaOHqecKHM TpyAaM,rroflBHBr.lrHMcfl B Poccr.tH B nepBori [OJroBHHe XIX 8.,oTHOCHTCfi <<POCnnCt poccHficKHM KHHTaM AJIfl qTeHHf H3

94

6u6nnorexu B. nrasrlrburuKoBa, cncreMarnqecKuM nopflA-KoM pacnoJroxeHHas> (Cn6., 1820) . CocrasHrererl <<Po-

cnr{cn> flBJrflJrcr esrAalouHftca pyccxufr 6u6,ruorpaQB. f . AHacraceBnr{ (ony6.nuxoaaHa oHa 6una aHoHurvruo).

B acn.irufi f puroprenuq AHacracennq ( I 775- I 845 )poAuncs a Kueae, yqnrcfl s Knescxoft AyxooHoft aKaAeMHH,6u.it yunre"neM B noMeuluqrefi ceMbe, 3areM nocrynHr HaBoenHyro cnyx6y. floste BbrxoAa B orcraBKy ou s l80l r.nepeexaJl a flerep6ypr, rAe cny)KLIn a BoeHHofi KOJIJIeI'HH,

pa6ora;r nHcbMoBoAHTereM KaHue.nnpnn lrofleltHreJIflBnneHcxoro yue6uoro oKpyra AAartra 9apropuficxoro,npHHHMaJI yr{acrr4e s Ko}tHccHH no cocraBJteHLno 3aKoHoB,c 1826 no 1830 r.6u.r ueH3opoM, a 3areM ocraBuJr c.nyx6y.

B. I'. AHacraceBr.rq 6ur gecrMa o6paaonauubrM qeJIoBeKoM,

3HaJI HeCKOJ|bKO LTHOCTpaHHbIX fl3blKOB, gBJIgJICg TUIeHOM

O6utecrna .nn6ure.neft poccuficxofi cJIoBecHocrH. B re'{eHneMHoTHX Jrer oH 3aHr.rMaJrcr nepeBoAr{ecxoft, nureparypHo-Kp r.rr nrrec Ko it n 6u6 twrorpa Qnuecxoft AerrreJrb Hocrro. An a cr a -

ceBxg BbrcrynaJr lpornB KpelocrHoro npaBa, o6lnqa,r nopoKHABopflHcKoro o6ulecrBa, 6u.n uo6opHHKoM xeHcKofo o6paso-BaHr.rfl. AHacracesuqy npHHaAJIexan pflA crareft no reopLIH6n6nuorpaQuu. B l8l l-1812 rf oH u3laBail xypHarl<V.nefi>, B KoropoM HeMaJIo Mecra yAeJlflJlocb BonpocaM6N6.nnorpa$uN.

<Pocnucl> 6u6nuorexu fIJraelulsIrlfi KoBa npeAcraBJrqerco6oft pacrroJroxeHHlrfr s cficreMarnr{ecKoM rropflaKe nepe-qeHb KHHr, HMeBur.rxcr e 6u6ruorexe, orxpuroft npH KHHxHoMMafa3Hi{e u3BecTHoro KHHfoH3AaTeJIg I.l KHHrOIIpOAaBUaB. A. IlrasuJrblur.rKoBa. ?ra 6n6nuoreKa orJlnt{aJlacb no"rrHo-roft n xoporxHM no46opou KHHr, no3ToMy s <<PocrtHcH>6rtla orpaxena BecbMa 3Har{HTeJIbHaf qacrb pyccKrx KHI4rXVIII H Har{ara XIX e., a raKx(e MHorHe pyccKue nepiloAl.rqe-cKHe u3AaHHfl. fsnsqca ueHHbrM 6u6.naorpaQHqecKHMcnpaBoqHr.rKoM, rpyA AHacracesHqa npeAcraBJlrer r{HrepecKaK c roqKH 3peHr.rs npNnnrofi B HeM x.iraccuQuxaur.ru JILITe-

parypu,22 raK H c ror{Kn 3peHl{s MeToAHKH 6u6rnorpa$Hue-cKoro onHcaHflq.

AHacraceeaq orHIoAb ue Qopma;rbHo, a rny6oxo co3Ha-TeJrbHo H TBOpqeCKLT nOAXOALIJI K pellIeHHIO BOIIpOCOB, CBtl3aH-HbIX C COCTaB.rreHHeM OIIHCaHnfi, Crpemu.itcq K roMy, qro6rt

22 flo4po6uee o r.naccnQuxaqnu AuacraceBnqa cM,: DpltcxuauM. A. B. f. Asacracennq. c. 140-161.

onHcaHHf yAoBJrerBopqn[ Tpe6oBaHHfl M roqHocTH, noJrHorbr,KpaTKOCTr.t H eAr.rHoo6pa3r.rfl. ToqHocrb onncaHHs B 3HaqHTeJtb-Hofi Mepe o6ecneqHBaJracb reM, qro KHHrH onHcbtBaJIHcbde visu. Kportre rofo, oHa AocrHraJracb rularerbHocrbro noAro-ToBKH H3AaH:afl, BHHMareJlbHbtM orHo[reunem AgacraceBnqaK BocflpoH3BeAeHnro 6u6lr.rorpaQHqecKHx cseAeHHft.

AHacraceeuq yAaqHo cor{erar rpe6onaHua noJrHorbr HKpaTKOCrtr onrcaHHr: oH coxpaHffl B onHcaHHH Bce CBeAeHr.rfl,ueo6xoAnulre AJrr xAeHrnQuxaunN r{ xapaKTepncruK}t H3Aa-HUfl H B TO Xe BpeMfl HCKJInqaJT H3 TeKCTa OrrHCaHHfl OTAenb-Hbre cJIoBa, He rrMeBlrrfie cyurecrBeHHoro 3HaqeH[q. Tax, co-Kpauaq qpe3MepHo A.rrHHHoe 3arJraBHe, oH coxpaHflJr B oflprca-HHH Ty ero qacrb, Koropaq ueo6xoAl.rtrla AJIq roro, qro6uuAeHrn0nurpoBarb KHHry H noryrrr.rrb flpeAcraBJreHfie o eecoAepxaHHH. M. A. EpncxuaH yAaqHo cQoprray.nnpona.rrocsonuofi npHHur4n coKparr{eHHs gar.nannfi s <Pocnl.lcH>>6u6nuorexn flranHrbuluxosa KaK or6pacuaaHae <<bcero,qTo tro cyulecTBy rroBTopflno HaqaJrbHbre cIoBa 3aruraBr.rfl, qToHe pacKpbtBaJlo AonoJIHHTeJIbHO COAep)KaHHfl KHHIH, a

'.BJtfl-Jrocb Jrr.rub caoeo6paaHbrM yKpaueHHeM, HepeAKo r{rpanonpocro peKJraMHyro po.lru.23 OnyureHuue cJroBa 3afflaBHflAHacracesaq o6sr,{Ho 3aMeHrJr coKpar.ueHHbrMH o6osHaqe-HHflMH <<H trpoq.> LtJtH <H np.>: <<TearpallHsrft co6ece4unx,rur-r Co6paHHe BeceJrbrx H 3aHuMareJrbHbrx aHeKAoroB il [p.>.K arort.ty Mo)KHo Ao6asgrr, qro coKpaqexr{e 3arJraBnft Aocrn-raJrocb l{ saMeHoft nepBoro cJroBa npoqepKoM B Tex cJryqaflx,KOrAa prrAoM cTotJIH onHcaHHt, HaqHHarculHecfl c oAHoro H

Toro xe cJroBa (ero c.nono npHBoAHJrocb Jrnurb B [epBoMonucaHnu).

Crpeuacr K MaKcHMaJrbHoMy coKpaureHHro o6teua onrca-gttg, AHacraceBuq HcKrtoqar x3 olrucaHnr cJroBa <corIHHe-HHe>, <<H3AaHHe>> H T. n., CTOflUIHe Ha TXTyJTbHOM JTHCTe nepeAQauunnefi aBropa, a raKxe cJroBo <<lrepeBoA> (n onacauuuyKa3brBarocb n-pocro <<C neu.>, <<C rar.> u r. n.), xorfl BcecoBpeMeHHbre AHacraceeHuy (aa r 6olee nosAHne) 6u6nuo-rp_aQsr tx o6uquo coxpaHrJrH (npan4a, B cor(pauleHHoM BHAe:<<Cou.>, <<HgA.>>, ufl"p.r, n r. n.). AHacracesnq cr{eJi Bo3Mox-HbrM onycruTb 3rH cJroBa, noroMy qro u 6eg Hux 6u"no B Kax-AOM OTAeJIbHOM CJIyqae flCHO, gBIteTcfl JrH yKa3aHHOe B OI]H-caHHH JTHTIO aBTOpOM HJIH nepeBoAqHKorrr. @aun.nHq aBTopa

" EpncKMaH M. A. B. f. Auacracenuq, c. l7l.96

npHBoAHJIaCb rrocJle 3afJraBHrr B poAHreJIbHoM naAexe,Qauunua )Ke nepeBoAqHKa AaBaJracb nocre cseAeHr.rfi o rr3brKe,c Koroporo cAeJraH nepeBoA, B HMeHHreJrbHoM naAex(e.He nepeuocr.t.n AsacraceBHq B onHcaHHe H coKpatu.eHHoeo6osHaqeHlle cJIoBa <<rocloAnH> HJIH <<focnox{a>> (coxp. <<r>),

HepeAKo npocraBJrfleMoe B KHI4fe [epeA Qaun.nuefi, a raKxeHe yKa3btBaJr 3BaHHe r{JIu AOJIXHOCTb aBTOpa Hrh nepeBOAtIUKa(apyrue 6u6.nuonpaSu o6uqHo cqHraJIH HyxHbtM 3rH cBeAe-HHfl npHBoArarr). Brr,recro florHoro HMeHH aBTopa UJIH nepeBoA-quxa AHacraceBuq, KaK npaBHJIo, npr.rBoAllJI ToJIbKo HHHI{HaJlbl(.irnurr HMeHa HeKoropbrx LIHocrpaHHbtx aBropoB s <<PocnLIcH>

AaBaJrr.rcb no.nuocrrn). Tax, e onHcaHHH poMaHa, Ha ruryr'tb-HoM Jracre Koroporo 3Har{Hrocb: <<Vluxu, nnn PaspyrueHueflepyancxofi HMnepnn, cot{HHeHHe r. MapuoHrer'lfl, Hcropno-rpa$a H qJIeHa OpaHuyacxoti axaAeunn. flepeae,la c Q_paH-

uy3cKoro Mapna Cyurxona>>, s <Pocnucu>_ yKa3aHo: <<Vlttxu,

u.tru PaspyureuHe flepyancxofi nunepuu; Mapnonrenn; c Qp.M. Cgutrcoaa>> (eclu 6st nepeeoAl{HKoM 6utn vyxvuHa, roB onHcaHHH 6u.no 6nt yKa3aHo - <c 0p. M. Cyturcoer). [IpuyKa3aHHH MeCTa H3AaHI'tfl AUaCtaCeSHLl COKpaUla/'l roJIbKoHaHMeHoBaHHfl I'opoAoB Mocxea n CaHxr-flerep6ypn - co-orBercrBeHHo <iM.>> u <<Cn6.>>.

lo,u. HsAaHufl, KaK IIHcaJI caiu AuacraceBuq B <<l43lqcHe-

HHH 3HaKoB H coKpaueHHfi>>, nolteureHHoM B <<Pocnucu>>,

BcerAa yKa3HBaJIcfl <<HaquHag He c rbtcfiqenetuit, a c corHefi>,TO eCTb B OIIHCaHHII rlpHBoAHJlHCb JIHIUb nOcJIeAHHe TpH

unQpu (Hanpnrrrep: 803). B :rolt AsacraceButl cJIeAoBaJr

lllropxy, xoropsrti e nepnofi qacrr.r <<CucreuaruqecKoroo6ospeuna JrHreparypbt n Poccl*t B reqeHHe rlflTnJIerHflc 1801 no 1806 r.)) raKxe yKa3brBa,'r roA <<c BblIIylueHHeMTbrcflr{H> (no aotpaxeHuo lllropxa). AuacraceBHq onpaBAbl-BaJr nponycK nepeofi uuQpu B yKa3aHHH roAa reM, qro <<KHHrl'l

soo6ue HaqaJIHcb neqararbctt roJ'tbKo c noJIoBHHbl XV eeKa>>

(nHuull cJroBaMH, flepBaff uu$pa N{oxer 6uru ronuxo eAHHH-

uefi, noerouy Her Heo6xoAHMocru noBropflrb ee B Ka)KAoM

onHcauun). Bce xe, KaK Mbt roBopHJIH, gra ycJloBHocrb He

npuBHJracb, H yxe n <<flpu6aa"neHurx)> x <<Pocnucu>> 6n6lno-rexu flnaeHJIbur,HKoBa roA craJl o6oguaqartctt qerblpex3Har{-

HbrM qHcJIOrnr. BOnlurylo 3KOHOMHIO MeCTa AaBaJIO tXllpOKOenprlMeHeHHe AHacracesHqet\4 o6leAuseHnoro oIIHcaHHr.On o6reauun.n (c noMoulbro o6osHaqeHua <<Tox<>>) pa3Hblev3/]..a}{nfl OAHOTO U rOfO )Ke IIpOH3BeAeHHf Aa)Ke B TeX CJIy-qarrx, KorAa npoH3BeAeHHe BbIXOAHJIO nOA pa3HblMH 3an,'la-

7 H. A. Hrxr$oporcxan

BHgMn, H IIpH gTOM BCefAa OTOBapHBaJI 3arIaBHe npOH3Be-AeHHff. HuorAa oH o6reAuHrrJr B onHcaHHH cBeAeuur o pa3HbrxH3AaHr.rFx 6es o6osHaqeuns <Tox>, floMerqas AaHHbre, orHo-cflurnecr K neper.r3AaHnro (noc.ne corcea <n>) He c HoeoficrpoKfi, a KaK HelocpeAcrBeHHoe npoAonxeHHe TeKcra onHca-Hr.rfl nepBoro H3AaHr.rq. Hanpnuep, B onncaHnrl <<Coqnuesnfi>KapansuHa nocJre 3arJraBr.rr u Qauunuu aBropa AaHbrcrleAyroruue cBeAeHHr: <8 q. M.803 r 9 q.814 (12) 75 p.>.3ro osuavaer, qro nepBoe HgAaHHe BbrrrJro s 8 qacrsxe 1803 r., a c.reAyrouree - s 9 qacrsx s l8l4 n., Mecro H3Aa-xxa, Qopuar r.r rreHa o6oax HsAaHHft oAHHaKoBbr (Mocrea,s l2-rc Aorrro rrncra, 75 py6.).

AHacraceeuq crpeM[Jrcfl rro Bo3MoxHocrn ocyruecrBnTbu rpe6oaaHue eAnuoo6pagufl. B <Pocnncu> onficaHufl KHHrBcefAa coAepxaJrr.r onpeAeneHHuft uarNuylr cseAeHr.rfi, Koro-pbre AaBaJrHcb B crporo ycraHoBJreHnoft noc.neAoBareJ'rbHocru:3arJIaBHe, Qauu.rIna aBropa (eft o6lr.{Ho npeArxecrBoBaJrHHHqHaJT n.nu nua), A.rrr nepeBoAHbrx flporr3eeAenrlft - yKa3a-HHe Ha s3brK, c Koroporo cAeJlaH nepeBoA, n Qauu.nna nepe-BoAqHKa (nepe4 Heft raxxe o6uqno npuBoAr.tJrcs r.rHnrrnaJrr.r.rrr.r lrrvra), roA H3AaHHa (ana MHofoToMHbrx l{sAaHXft [pr.tBoAH-Jlocb KoJIHqecrBo roMoB nnn qacreft H roAbt BbrxoAa nepBoro l,t

nocJreAHero rouon), Qopuar (n rpyr.nux cxo6xax) n ueua.2aKorHqecreeHH at xa p aKrepHcrHKa B orrHcaH HH orcyrcrBoBana(xax uu BHAeilu, ee ue 6u.no H g <CncreMarnqecKoM o6ospe-HHr,r Jrr.rreparypbr B Poccur.r> A. K. Illropxa u (D. fl. Aaelyura,H s <<Onbrre poccnficxofi 6u6nuorpa$nlr> B. C. Conxxona,H B sHueAueft nocJle rpyAa AHacraceeu,{a <Pocnncn>6s6nsorexu A. Crvrrpanna). He yKa3brBanocb H HaHMenoBaHHerNnorpaQnn (ouo cra.no npr.rBoAr.trbcfl Jrnurb s <PocnHcH>6n6ruorexu A. Crranpanna).

E4uHoo6paane onncasufi s <Pocflncl,r> nposBntocbH B ToM, uro Qaruu.nnfl aBropa BcerAa craBr.rJlacb B poAr.rreJrb-HoM naAexe, a QarvrH.nHH nepeBoAqr,rKa - B ITMeHHTeJIbHoM.

Apyrne xe 6n6.nHorpaQu - flpeAurecrseHilfiKr.I rI coBpeMeH-HHKH AHacracesaqa - cqHTaJII{ HyxHbIM Bocnpou3BoAlrbQauu.rrr.no aBTopa B ToM naAexe, B KaKoM osa 6ula AaHa Ha

THrynbHoM Jrucre. Crpeuneuue r e4uuoo6pa3uro H orKa3

ta [orecoo6paouoctBKJloqeHHble s (Pocnacb),B. IlraBfiarr[[xosa.

98

yKa3aHHt qeHH .qliKToBalacb TeM, qTo KHHTH,uorau 6utr npro6perenu B KHnxHoM Mara3uHe

R psAe cJlyqaeB or <<Qororpa0upoeaHun> ruryJrbHoro JrncracJreAyeT paccMaTpr.rBaTb KaK rrporpeccr.rBHyro TeHAeHTIHTO B Me-roAHKe 6n6;rNorpaQHqecKoro onHcaHHfl AHacracesa.{a.

E4nuoo6paene oflHcaHnfi s (<PocnHcH>> orHroAb He o3Ha-I]ANO OTCYTCTBHfl HHAHBHAYAJIbHOTO NOAXOAA K ONHCAHHIOorAed'rbHbrx xuur. B pflAe cryqaea AHacraceBurr BKrroqarB orlucaHne HeKoropbte AonoJIHHTeJIbHbre cBeAegug. Tax, onHepeAKo oTMeqaJr HaJrHrtHe B KHHfe MaTepHaJtoB, npeAcTaB-Jrrrou{Hx caMocrorrre.nsHufi r{HTepec (uanpnuep, <<c npucoBo-KynJreHHeM llo6ontrruux acrpoHoMuqecKux ri HcropHqecKHXcrarefi >> ), HJrJrrocrparluft (H anp r.rnrep, <<c pHcyHKa M H>>, <c Qrzry-paMH)>, <(c qepTexaMH>>).

B npuueueur.ru sHaKoB npenuHaHufl AJrr pa3AeJreHnrr gJre-

MeHToB orrncaHHfl n Hx ,{acrefi AHacraceanq raK>xe crDeMHJrcr'co6nnAarr eAuHoo6pasHe. Xors ri3peAKa n Ha6,roAarorcqclyrraH 3aMeHbr oAHofo r,r3 3HaKoB Apyr-HM, 3rO, nO nCefiBepoqTHocTL, cJIeAyeT OTHeCTH 3a Cr{eT OleqaToK.

B onucauuflx rrepHoAHqecKHX H3AaHHI?, BbrAeJreHHbrx yAHacracesnqa n oco6ufi pas4e.l, npr.rHrrHn eAHHoo6pasHflBbrAep)Kr.rBaJrcfl B MeHburefi crenesu: oHH To 6olee no4po6Hu(co cneqn$Nxaunefi), ro AaHbr n o6o6uteHHou BHAe.Ho no Bcex cryr{arx npHBoAHJIr,rcb Ha3BaHHe H3AaHuq, roAbt,B KOTOpbre r.r3AaHHe BbTXOAHJTO, KOJrflqecTBO BbrnycKoB HJrH

HoMepoB n Sopuar. HsonAa yKa3brBaJracu n Saun.nufl, a3!.a-rens. Oqesb qacro orMer{aJracb H ueHa (se orAe.nuHbrx Bbr-nycKoB, a KoMnreKTa).

flpo4olxanuluect H3AaHnfl houeulesu AHacracesu.{el,IHe B pa3AeJr <<flepro4NuecKHe H3AaHHs>, a B ocHoBHyr,o qacrb<<Pocnucn> B oAHH pflA c KHHrauu. Ogu n onncaHbt KaK KHHrH(no rnny onncaHuft 'MHonoroMHbrx neaaunfi): [ocJre 3arJtaBnsus4a*Ltfl, yKa3brBaJrocs o6uee KoJtnqecrBo roMoB r.r.lrr.r uacreft,a TaKxe roAbt BbrxoAa nepBoro H nocJreAHero ToMa.

Oco6o cJreAyer noAqepKHyrl, uro AuacraceBr.tq He orpaHu-I{HBAJICfl CBEAEHNSMI,I, NPI,IBCACHHbIMH HA THTYJIbHOM JII,ICTC,

3 g PHAC CTYIIACB YCTAHABJIHBAJI H YKA3bIBAJI B ONI,ICAHI,IH(paMHIHH aBrOpOB H nepeBOArrHKOB, OTCyTCTByIOuIUe B KHHreLt,IU [OMeUleHHbre He Ha THTynbHoM JrHCre, a B ApyroMuecre (uanpnMep, B npeAHcJroBHa). 3ro rBJrsJrocb ero 6ons-uofi sacnyrofi xax 6r6luorpaSa. CneAesua o6 aoropax nNCPEBOATINKAX, 3AIIMCTBOBAHHbIC HC C TI,ITYNbHOTO JIHCTA,Agacracegnq 3aKrror{ar B Kpyrnbre cKo6Ka, KaK gro AeJIaJIHIllropx u A4e.nynn.

99

BnonHe opnrr.rHarbHrrr"r u Han6oJlee HHTepecHbrM B Mero-AHKe 6u6nnorpaQHqecKoro onHcaHt,tn AHacraceaaqa 6u.ncnoco6 Bocnpor{3BeAeHHff ga rr a n ufi xu ur. OnHca HHq AeJr arHcbTIOA 3ATJIABI,ICM, HO AAJICKO HC BCCTAA HAqHHAJII,ICb C NCPBOTO

cJIoBa 3arJIaBr,rfl HJIH xorfl 6u c nepeoro cyulecrBHTeJIbHonoB HMeHr.rreJIbHoM naAe)Ke (c raHnepcuefi croqurero nepeA HHMrrpr,rJrarareJrlHoro), KaK B <<Onure poccnficxoli 6a6nuorpa-Qnn> B. C. Conuxona. Kax npaBr.rJro, Ha nepBoM Mecre B onH-caHilr,t AHacracesaq trpHBoAHr raKoe cJIoBo r,rJIr,r cJ'IoBocor{era-HHe H3 3afJraBufl, Koropoe nBJIflJIocb Han6onee xapaKTepHbrMHJu.t cyuecrBeHHbrM AJItr onpeAeJreHufl reMarHKH xHHru. 3rHcJIoBa cJryxHJrH A.na co6upaHr,rr B oAHoM lrecre <<PocrIHcH>>

npoH3BeAeHHri, nocBruleHHbrx oAHoMy H ToMy xe [peAMeryc ueJrbro noMorrb r.rr{Tare,r}o nafiru Hy)KHyro eMy JrHreparypy.MoxHo cKa3arb, r{To raKhe cJIoBa Llrpailu poJlb npeAMerHbtxpy6pnx B paMKax cucreMarr,rqecKofo rroApa3AeJra. Cnoea xe,KOTOpbre Ha THTyJTbHOM JtHCTe npeAlxeCTBOBaJIH CJIOBaM,BblHeceHHblM B HaqaJto onilcaHHfl, 3aKJIloqaJIHcb B KpyfJrbtecxo6xn; TaKHM o6pasou, H3 onucaHurr BcerAa 6luo saAHo,qro B HeM AonyqeHa HHBepcHfl. B <<HsbrcHeHHH 3HaKoB H

corpau{eHufi>> AHacraces14,{ rroncHrrJr:,.Arq c6.nuxeHfiqMexAy co6orc cxoAHbrx lto coAep)KaHuro KHHI B HeKoropbrxHa3BaHl,tflx nocraBJleHo n cxo6xr.r caMoe HaqaJIo 3arJIaBHfl>).

Pagnnque MexAy npxHunnaMr4 onncaHnr y Conuxoaa N

AHacracesurra craHoBltrcq oco6eFrHo HarJIflAHbtM npn cono-cTaBJIeHHH sarnaeufi oAHHX H Tex )Ke xHnr. OrpaHnrtuMcfloAHHM rrpuMepoM: y Connxoea - <<HacragJreHne (xparxoe)o [qeroBoAcrBe AJrs ropoAcKHX H AepeBeHcxr.rx xHreaefi>,y AHacracenaqa - <<flqeroeoAcrne (xparxoe Hacran.neuae o)AJrfl ropoAcKHX H AepeBeHcKHx )xzrerefi>>.

9au-(e Bcero BrrepeA BbrHocHJIocb cyurecrBHTeJIbHoe,yKa3brBarollee Ha ocHoaHofr npeAMer KHHrH: <<Eorauuxr.r(uauarlHnre ocuonauua)>>. <<Cyeeepufi (c.ilonapr pyccxrlx) >>,

<<BoAoxoAcrea (xparxoe onucauue) BHyrpeHHero PoccuficxofiHMneplru>> H T. rr. I,lsorAa )Ke fiepBbrM cJIoBoM 6lr;ro npH,rrara-reJlbHoe. flpu erou H3 AByx npuJlafareJrbHbrx, orHocflr{HxcflK OAHOMy H rOMy )Ke CJIOBy, B pflAe Cflyr-raeB B HaqaJIO OnHCa-HHfl BbTHOCHJIOCb JIHTUb OAHO, a Apyfoe, He flBJIflrOUIeeCrr

AOCTaTOqHO XapaKTepHbtM, 3aKrrOqaJrOCb BMeCTe C OCTaJrb-

HbrMr.r cJroBaN.rH e cxo6xn: <<Kpacu.ttbHbrx pacreHafi (xparxoeorrncaHue eaxuefiulr.rx) H cnoco6rr pa3BeAeHufl rrx B Poccr.lz>>.JIHurl e xpaliHe peAKHX cryrraqx g <<Pocnlrcrl>> BMecro BbrHece-HHr B Haqaro onHcaHur Hau6o.nee xapaKTepHbtx cJroB Ae,rla-

100

Jracb npocro HHBepcHq nplJranareJrbHoro (KaK y Connroaa):<<OnucaHue (o6cronre.nlHoe) npoucxoxAe*nfl n cocroflHHflManaxypcxoro HapoAa>.

HHnepcna He npHMeHqJIacb B rex cryr{arx, KorAa B 3aura-Br,rH Ha n-epBoM Mecre yxe croqrr.t AocTaroqHo xapaKrepHbrecJIoBa : <<Mereopo,rof uqecKl{e H a 6,rrcAeH n q pr p a gHbte r$uenue-cKr.re 3aMeqarufl>>. HsorAa orcyrcrBue HHBepc[n o6.bqcHq-Jrocb, no-Br.tAHMoMy, c.rryuafiHocruro, <<HeAocMorpoM)> co-craBHTeJItt. Tax, s noApa3AeJle ,.VApasJu4Ka)> Htr B oAHoMonncaHrrr.r Her HHBepcuu. B gaa6onee cJro>KHbtx 3arraBuqxKHHr nO MaTeMaTHKe H MeXaHHKe HHBepCng He cAeJraHa,Bo3Mo)KHo, H3-3a roro, qro cJtHurKoM TpyAHo 6lr.no eu6parlHau6o.nee xapaKrepHoe cJroBo. Bno.tse 3aKoHoMepes 6nr.nOTKA3 OT HHBCPCHH C,TOB SATJIABHfl B PA3ACJIC, I'AE NOMCUIAJIUCbonncaHufl xyAoxecrBeHHbrx npou3aeAeuuri: sAecr He 6tuoHHKaKOTO CMbrcJra rrpoH3BoAr{rb fpynnHpoBxy MarepHaJra rroltpeAMerHbrM py6puxau. ,rlnu:l HspeAKa B sroM pa3AeJrenpon3BeAeHa HHBepcilfl npuJrarareJrnHoro (xax y Conuxooa) :<<CerureHHHK (BaxeQH,rlcxori), HcropHfl>, <<Xa3Hr(AocronanrarHan) 4eeuqbr KJapHcu faplos>>.

B KaqecrBe rrpeAMerHoro cJIoBa B HaqaJto onHcaHHtlBblHocud'tacb u Savutun r'Inua, KoropoMy nocBgtueHa KHUfa,rITo no3Bor,rrlo co6parb B oAHoM Mecre Bce xHHrfi o6 storu"nrue. EclH $avunuu npeAuecrBoBaJro LtMq, To oHo 3aK,'roqa-"rrocb BMecre c npoqHMH cJtoBaMH e cxo6xn: <<MeHutuxosa(xu:ul KHr3s A.nexcau4pa !,auHlonuua), $aaopnra flerpaBe.nlrxono>>, <<floxapcxou (6H6nraonpaQuvecxue cBeAeHHro KHrr3e !,rr,ttrpur.r MHxafi.irosnue) >. Ha nepBoe Mecro B orruca-HH14 BbtHOCr,|JIr,rcb TaKX{e HMeHa aHTHqHbtx aJIL cpeAHeBeKoBbtxAeqrerefi , Korop br M n ocBfl ureHa KH Hra : <<Anexca u4pe Be,nuxor'r(Keunra KApqua HcropHrr o) IJ,ape Maxe4oHcxom>>.

B HeKoropbrx rroApa3Aerax pa3AeJra <<Cnoaecuocru>>(1EacHr.r, cKa3KH H rrplzrqr.r>>, <<CruxornopeHua (no anropau) >>,

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t0t

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npnxoAr.ITcfl roBopxrb o6 ficno.nusoBaHHI'r B ocHoBHoM TeKcreuFocnncuu npHHuI{na KoJIJIeKTuBHoTo aBTopa. Bce xe<<Pocnncr> Aaer Bo3MoxHocrb noJlyql'lrb cBeAeH[q o6 HsAa-

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s Haqiri <Pocnflcn> <<Vxasarere poccuficxnu H I'lHocrpaHHblM

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AO KOHTIa npOAyMaH H He BO BCeX CJryqasx IpOBOAHJTCflc AocraroqHoft noc"neAoBareJrbHocrln. He BcerAa, KorAa grorpe6ona.nocl, 6sr.na cAeJraHa HHBepcHq. Hepeaxo <<cyule-crBeHHoe)> cJIoBo, BbIHocHMoe B HaqaJIo oltucaHHfl, 6sI.nosu6paHo HeyAaqHo: <<O pox4eHuu MeraJrJroB (c.nono)...>,<<BerHqectsa Pnrt,tcxoro HapoAa (pasruuuneHne o npuvnnax)u ero yrraAKa> (Hrxorrry He npfiuJro 6u s rolony pa3brcKnBarbJrnreparypy o MeraJrJrax noA cJroBaMu <<O po>xAeHHH>, o <<pHM-

cKoM HapoAe>> - noA cJroBoM <Be.nu.recrBa>). He BcerAaco6;tnAa.racb nocJleAoBareJtbHocrb n nu6ope cJIoBa, BbIHocH-Moro Ha nepBoe Mecro: <<EcrecrgesHoe (npano)...>, Ho<llpano (yro"noeHoe)...>, <flptpo4Horo (nauepranuenpana)>>, Ho <<flpaoa (onur HaqepraHHfl yrononHoro)>.B pesyrrrare oar.rH r.r ror )Ke <<npeAMer> oKagbrBarcfl B pa3-Hbrx Mecrax anQannra.

Haxoueq, B 3anJraBHrx BnepeA BbrHocHJIHcb cJroBa, yKa3br-Barourue Jtuub Ha. oAHH H3 <<npeAMeroB>. B npnaeAeHnoMBbrue [pr4Mepe - <<EeureHoft co6axu . . . H T. A.> onlacaHueAaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb nOCTaBHTb 3Ty KHr.rfy B OAr.rH pflA C Apy-rHMil, rrocBrlxleHHbrMn <6erueHulvt co6axau> (uru neueuanor yKyca 6enresoli co6axu), Ho B py6puxy, nocBflueHHyro<<3MerrM>) (nnu .neueHuro or gMeHHux yxycoa) KHr4ra He rtora-Aaer. .IItrurl B HcKJIroqHTeJIbHbrx cflyqaflx g <<Pocnrcn>> AanrcflorcbrJrKr.r or AaHHoro npeAMerHoro cJroBa K ApyroMy (nanpn-lrep: <<Hranlrn (Aur.nna u), cu. Nb 2597> - noA yKa3aHHbrMHoMepoM 3Haqurcq KHHfa <AHr.nns u Vranwa>l

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II-IHM, I{TO, XOT'I OH H <<NPI,IBOAHJI, KOHCqHO, K OqEHb CJIO}KHOMY

103

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Sopn,ra.nruofi perucrpaunefi cseAeHr.rfi o [poH3BeAeHHH,a crpeMlJlcfl pacuupl.Irl SyHxurlr otrncaHufl, I{cnorb3oBaBcoAep)Karqnecs B 3arJIaBLrH Han6onee cyurecrneuuofe (annpacKpbrrHf reMarHKH npoH3BeAeHHf) cJIoBa KaK npeAMerHblepy6pnxu B rrpeAeJrax cncreMarHqecKHX pa3Ae,roB, qro o6.ner-qaJro quraTeJrr,o Haxo)KAeHr{e JIHTepaTypbr tro r.rHTepecynulefiero TeMe.

He 6yaer npeyBernqeHneM cKa3arb, r{To B nolbrrKe fic-noJlb3oBaHr,rq Har.r6oree cyulecrBeHHbtx cJIoB 3anJIaBHfl B Ka-qecrBe npeAMerHbrx py6pux AnacracesHq HaMHoro onepeAHJIcBoe BpeMf H B ero MeToAe Mo)KHo BHAeTb xaX 6rt SapoAbllxrori uAeu, Koropaq Jrerra B Ha[rH AHH B ocHoBy cocraBlfleMbtxc noM oxlbto 3JreKrpoHHo- Bbrq HcJrHTeJrbHbrx M a rrrH H n ep Myra qH -

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HC3ABHCHMO OT TIAACXA TAK HA3bIBAEMbIE KTIOqCBbIE CJIOBA,

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Paaymeercn, npLtHuHrtbt, KoropblMH pyKoBoAcrBoBaJIcflAHacracesHq s <<Pocnucn>> 6u6nuotexw flnaenruurt4xona,He BnoJIHe aHaJIOnHqHbl TeM, KOTOpble npHMeHtlloTcf npHcocraBJreHHH nepMyrauHoHHbtx yxasarenefr, noflBHBIUHxcncrrycrfl norropa croJlernn. CyutecreeuHbtM pa3rttt{fleM rBJIfl-ercrr, HanpuMep, ro o6crostenucrBo, tlro llepMyraunoHHbleyKa3aTeJIH qaule BCerO HcrloJlb3yloTct B cor{eTaHHH c TpaAH-r{HoHHbrMH 6n6nraorpa$Hr{ecKHMH, coAepxaufi[,t14 o6ll,]HHeno $oprtre ottucaHul (6ea nHeepcHu cJIoB s aar.naaun). BaxuoTaK)Ke H TO, IITO B nepMyTaul,loHHblx yKa3areJlfx oAHo H To xe

" Bp"cKMaH M. A. B. f. AHacraceenq, c. 170.

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B ncropnu pa3BHTHfl npHHrIHrroB onuiaHuq s Haueri ore_qecrseHHofi 6a6nrzorpaQuH rpyA AHacraceaN,{a <<pocnncspoccnficxnrtr KHHTaM Arf qreHfir us 6u6nuorexn B. fl.nanH.nr_rrrHKoBa> npeAcraBJrfler co60ri 3aMer.rarerbHoe flBJIeHHe. SrorTpyA orrHr{aer ror{Hocrb, noJIHora, KparKocrb n eAnuoo6pasaeonucaHtfi, orcyrcrBne Sopualnsrraa, crper,t.neHHe no Bo3Mox_HOCTH YCTAHABJ'IHBATb I] IPHBOAHTb B ONHCAHHH OTCVTCTBVIO-urae B KHure cBeaeHnfl, seo6xoAumure AJrq ee xapaxrep^crixr,a raKxe cMeJroe HoBaropcrBo, noHcKH nyreri r coaepureu_crBoBaHHro 6lt6nuorpa$Hr{ecKoro otrHcaHufl H pacrlnpeHHroeno Qyuxuuli.

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9an lr xoQe (ncnsrraxue-cnoficrn), raKxe fi rex nposa6eHuft, xoHnue-cro xo@-e a qaq MoxH_o c norrb3or,o ynorpe6;raiu. K. Mieja,c Hen. I/. Ocrpoeopcrcuil. Cn6.787. (8) 3"t.^ Jl eccuHea (ns6pânnsre 6acHu E.), " npo."; c Herrl. B. IIanaLwee.Cn6. 816. (8) i p.'25 r. -'" - "Yvr\

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Tpedanrcoacrcoeo (covuneunl rl nepeBoabr' crHxaMI{ rr npo-

sop; B.). 2 q. Cn6. 752. (8) 5o p.

n) onucanue c npoqePKoM <cyurecrBeHHoro) cnoBa 3ar;IaBHr

Mtueoalornn, HJln ecrecrBeHHofi ucropnn HcxotraeMHx re'l(nepnure ocHoaaHnn;; B. Ceaepeunai 2 q. Cn6. 798. (8) l0 p'

-(ncropra), HnH KparKoe uao6paxenue ocHoBaHnt' npupa-uteuHr n ycoBeplxeHcrB6aaxHg oxoi uayxn; A. Tepneaa. Cn6.810. (8) 8 p.

- (xparxoe aauePraxue);

- (xparroe Paccyxaenue(8) I p. 50 x.

B. Ceaepeuna; Cn6. 804. (8) 2 P.o) noo6rqe; A. Tepneaa; Cn6. 796.

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Taccoaw 6Aenns; c Hraa. A. Illuwxoe. Cn6' 808. (8)--3 p'

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- xa l8l3 roA, 6 xsnx. (8) 15 P.

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cP(rcnrtcb poccilficKnM KHnraM Ars qrenns $3 6H6nHoreKH

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Cnycrn 8 .ner nocJle ony6nHKoBaHI'rR <<Pocnncn poc-

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(Cn6., 1828).

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c Qp. Muxafino fpu6oecxurl. Cn6., n T. frapaeftcxoro [llra6a,l8l7 r. (8) I p. 50 x.

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OcHosaHHq acrpoHoMlr.r. Co'r. L. Ilepeaouqurcoea. M. B r. Cre-naHooa. 1842. (4) 7 p. l5 x.

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6) r'lHororoltnoe [3AaHHe

CoqHHeHnq Anexcaudpa IIgwrcuna. ll roMos. Cn6. B r. Sncne-anrr. 3aroroBJI. focyaapcrn. 6yr'aar u n r. f.naayuoea. 1837-l84l (8) 8 p'

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I(aprnuxr Pycixux HpaBoB. IIIect xsuxex' C pxcyHraunB. Tnnrrla, rpaBHpoBaHHbIMl{ Ha AepeBe EapoHotrl Klorou, ero yqe-snrou JIaH xolr,,tiac,rossttr n Eapouorrl Herre.n uropcrou. Ca.nonsl qa,

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aoBoJrbHo BbrcoKI,rM. 3ro <<BoegHble nHcbMa H 3aMeqaHur,orHocflulnecq x Hesa6eeHHoMy 1812 roay u nocJleAyloulHM)>

A. A. flncapesa, <Bceo6nlas 6u6nnorexa Poccl'tl'l . . .>>

(xara.nor geprxoscxori 6ll6.nuorexu) u <<CelscxoxogsficreeH-Hbre coqHHeHntr, H3AaHHble r{acrHblMH JIHuaMH H o6ulecrBaMHc 1844 no 1849 roA>>. B KaxAoM H3 HHX orltlcaHufl cocraBJ'ltl-JIHcb no,u, 3arraBHeM. floc.le 3aulaBHtl HepeAKo orMeqaJIHcb

noA3aroJloBotlHbte AaHHble (a.na nepeaoAHblx KHI'lr - cBeAe-

HHn o s3brKe opunuHaJla u $auulna nepeBoAqHKa). huan Qaun.nun aBTopa noMeurarucb nocre 3arJIaBl'rr HJII'I tto.lL3a-

roJloBoqHbrx AaHHbtx (o6uuno co cJIoBaMI'l <<Cou.>>, <<CoquHe-

HHe>> H T. n., OnpeAerflBlllHMH naAe)K' B KOTOpOM CTaBHJIacb

Sauu.nun). B sutxoAnblx AaHHblx npHBoAl'{,1}rcb Mecro H foAisr,ur^^ (uauueHonaHl4e rHIIorpa$nH onycKaJlocb! Orue-qaJIcr Qof rtlar (sa HcKJIroqeHHeM onHcauHfi s <<BoeHHblx

rrHcbMax...>>. Ko.[HqecrseHHas xapaKTepHCTHKa np14BoAI'r-

JIacb JIHrub B onficaHilflx B Kara'rore tleprxoecxofi 6u6nuo-

8 H. A. HrxrtPopoecxan l13

TeKH, HO O6brqHo yKa3brBaJrocb HaJrHqfie B KHHfe llnnrocTpaqHfi,KapT, nJraHoB, qepTexeft H ra6JrHu.

K nsru.nerxo Ore'.tecrnesnoft sorinsr l8l2 r. vrracrHnKoMee reHeparori,t A. A. flucapeeurrl 6oI.tt noAroroeren-6r.r6nuorpa_QHuecxxli rpyA <<BoeHHbre nhcbMa H 3aMeqauufl, orHocflr[Hecsx Hesa6aeHHorray l8l2 rcay H nocJreAyrorqHM> (M., lglT).LocraBHTeJrb c oco6eHHofi Trlare"nbHocrbto a no;lHorofiBocnpoH3BoAH.n 3arJraBurr npofl3BeAeHufi, o qeM yrroMI{HaJIB npeAHcnosnn: (<3a Hy)KHoe noqaTaro Aaxe elinHcbrBarbnoJIHoe HaHMeHoBaHlde .KHHrH, 6oscs xaxnu-nu6o nDonvcKoMHe orHflrb ueuur oHofi>>. HeAocrarxoM yKa3areJlq 6trro ,b, uroKHHI.H, H3AaHHbre Ha fiHocTpaHHbrx fl3brKax, o[HcbrBaJlr.Icb HapyccKoM fl3brKe, Ho 3TOT HeAOCTaTOK qaCTHqHO KOMneHCHpO-BaJrcfl TeM, r{To rrocJle onilcaHHq B CXO6XaX npXBoAHnOCb3arJIaBHe u $auunun aBTopa Ha flsbrKe HgAaHns,.

Ifpxrrreprr xs (BoeilHHx n,ceil r sauerarnf,, rar6oaee oT'ocruurxctx tega6nennory l8l2 ro4y x nocneAypqxnr A. A. Ilxcapera

a) o4xoronrnue n3AaHr{fl

Paccyx4exne o nofiue l8l2 roaa, coqlrxenre IIorxosnHra9yf,xenuta, c ra6anqalrn ficqHcJreHtlt HenpHsreJrbcKlx cltJr, Bo-rxeaurux n Poccnro, n norepn _HenpuRre.nrcxoft B KaxAoM cpax(exnr{H AeJre c Haqara KaMnaHtlH. Cn6. 1813.

-^__HcropuuecKoe H3Becrfie o npe6unanan e Mocxpe (DpaHqysorl8l2 ro4a, coqr{HeuHoe oqeBrAqeM Knqgeir lllaluroguu, i n.linonrMocrnu, o3Haqarcu{aM croperbre Mecra B ropoAe. M. lglg.

6) unororouHoe rl3aaxtle

Co6paHne crrxornopeunfi, orHocrurHxcs x gega6gennouvl8l2 roay, 2 Qacru. Mocraa, l8l4 roaa.

n) xnlra xa QpauqyacxoM r3brxe

I,lcropur nofiHH s Poccns n fepnrautu or flepenpaBu qpe3 peKyHeues HrcHs l8l2 roaa 4o orcryn.neuuq ga pef,H HoiOpa lSlg roaa.Coqnxesue_ Cappase_ua. flapux. l8lb roAa. C xaf,rofi poccuu,HeAaHHofi .Ilanseu. (Histoire de la guerre de Russie et-d'Allemagne,par Sarrazin).

K orpa_clenoli 6u6nnorpa0Hn orHocurcf, n KaraJrof l{epr-KoBcKofi 6u6luorexu, BKJrroqaBlUHfr B ocHoBHoM pa6oiu,Koroprre coAeplKaJrH MarepHaJr Anrr H3yqeHHf pyccKoft HCTO-pl.rn.3ror KaraJror 6rr.r asAau B 1838 r. a MociBe noa sarna-BHeM <(Bceo6wan 6u6nvoreKa Poccl.nr HJIH Kararor KHfirAJIfl H3yqeHHtr Ha[refo oTer{ecTBa Bo Bcex oTHo[JeHHfx I,I nOA_

1t4

po6Hocrtx>. A"nexcasAp AuurpnenHu 9eprxon -(1789-tgSS) - ucropnK, apxeorlof H HyMn3Mar - co6pal 6onluryn6u 6.nnorery pyccKnx x HHocrpa HHblx KHH r'Koropble noJl Hocrblolr.nu ,{acril.{Hb'6u;rn nocBflureHbl pyccxofi HcropHH ze (x xoHuy

xH3HH t{eprxooa ero 6n6nnoreKa BKJIoqaJIa oKoJlo 9 000 ro-ruoe). OauoBpeMeHHo c nepBblM H3AaHH_eM KaraJlora BblllIJIo

repBoe <<flpnbaeleHue>> K ielty, a s 1845 r. - Bropoe uflpu-6asreHr.re>>. B 1863-1864 rr. 6u.no ony6"nnKoBaHo Bropoe'AOIOJIHeHHOe, HsAaHHe KaraJlora.

OnHcaHHq B KaraJlore 9eptxoncxofi 6n6naoreKH cocraB-JIeHbl TUIaTeJIbHO H' KaK IIpaBI'IJIO' OT"lHqalOTCfl TOIIHOCTbIO'

noJrHorori n eAnsoo6pa3neM. IIeuHuu qBJlrJlocb BKJII'or{eHHe

B onncaHHe KorurrecrBeHHoft xapaxrepucraKu KHHTH. tlpes-MepHo AJrHHHbre 3arJIaBHf npHBOALIJIHCb B COKpaUIeHHOM BHAe,

rtpuqeM coKpaureH]rs 6ot.ttu cAe,laHbI TaKHIvl o6pasou, t{To He

npeltrrcrBoBaJIH u.qeHrNQuxaunn KHHf H H B03MoxHocrHnoryr{Hrb npeAcraBJIeHHe o ee coAepxaHnn. Ec.nn xslra 6u;lanocBrureHa'sceo6uefi ucropgH, B npHMer{aHHH s cxo6xaxOTMEqAJIOCb, HA KAKHX CTPAHI]UAX IIOMCIqEH MATEPHAJI!

orHocqquftcs K pyccKofi ncroputt. Onncauns KHHr Ha HHo'cTpaHHblx tsblKax cocTaBJIflJtHcb Ha q3blKe n3AaHAfl, HO CJIOBa

<crp.>) H <qacrb> o6uqso npHBoAHJIHCb Ha pyCCKOM g3blKe.

Ec.nn Qar"rH.nHq aBTopa orcyrcrBoBaJla B H3AaHHH, Ho 6bulaycTaHoBJIeHa COCTaBHTeJIeM, OHa B OiIHCaHHH 3aKJrIOqaJIaChn cxo6xN; ecJru B KHHre orcyrcrBoBaJlH Mecro I{nH roA I{3Aa-HnR, 06 3ToM AeJlaJrocb [puMer{aHne (n cxo6xax): <Eeg osHa-qeHr,rfl Mecra rrer{araHHr>, <6ee o3Har{eHHq roAa>>; ecJIH

B KHHre HMeJtHCb HeHyMepOBaHHble CTpaHHllbl, oHl.l noActlHTbl-BaJrHcb H npHBoAHnHcb B KoJll{qecrBeHuoft xapaxrepncrnKeoco6o, HanpnMep: <75 neper'aeqeHHbtx u l2 HenepeMeqeHHbtxcrp.>. Bce 3TH yKa3aHHs cBHAereJIbcrByIor o eltcorofi 6u6nuo-rpaQnuecroft xynurype cocraBHreJIefi xaranora.

B xaranore ttpHMeHflnocs o6reAuHeHHoe olrHcaHHe: cBeAe-Hr.rfl o nepeH3AaHHflx npHcoeAHHfJIHCb K OnHCaHHIO rIOCreo6o3HaqeHHs <Tox>> nln <lbidem> (a.ns HHocrpaHHbtx xxnr).B onncasnu MHororoMHbrx H3AaHHfi s srtxoAHbtx AaHHbIXorMeqaJrr.rcb roabr H3AaHHq nepBoro H nocJleAHero roMoB(vepee rupe) no Qoprrae: 1826-27, nocJle qero.npHBoALInac_b

KOJTHqeCTBeHHas XapaKrepHCTHKa rOMOB LrItLl qacreft:

'9 B sHAe gcK.ruoqeHfif, B KaraJlor BKJIIoqaJIHcb H xyAoxecrBeHHHerrporr3BeAeHar sau6olee H3B€crHbIx pyccKHx nncarerefi .

8l ll5

<2 qacrll_:-s l -ri 184, so 2-ft 202 ctp.> HJrH <.

Ilpruepu rr cBceo6ulefi 6l6,llorern pocctr.,.>(Karanora rleprxoncxofi 6n6anorexu)

a) oluorouulte H3AaHHfl

Kparxoft Poccnfict<ofi Jleronuceq, c poaocr,toBr_reM, co,r. M. JIo_rroHocola. C.-Ilerep6ypr. 1760. TS repeMeqeHHbrx u i2 nen"peoae-qeHHbrx crp. s 8.

lutuapa Kgpaca coKpatrleHHar VHunepca,ruHa a Actopua.BHoBb nepeBeAeua c npu6aeleHneu Kparxofi poccnftcxofi Hcropnr,rc BonpocaMu H orBeraMH. Cn6. 1762. 323 crp. n g. (poccaftcianHcropHR or 291 ao 323 crp.)

Tables de St.-Petersbourg, ou Lettres sur la Russie 6critesen 1810, I I et l2 par Ch. Miller et traduites d'allemand par9.,Lrggr, avec un pla-n de St.-petersbourg. paris et Mayerice.1814. XVI et 551 o. in 8.

6) lruororoMHbre r3aaHntklcropun ropo4a flcxosa, cort. Hnouncrcuil. Cn6. 1790_95.

s 6 qacrsx: 67,71,52, 64, 62 tr 60 crp. n 8.CoquxeHnq A.tercau4pa I7gwrcina. Cn6. lg3g. 3 uacrn;

r l-f, 439; so 2-fi 376: a 3-ilt 242 crp. s 8.

n) o6te4uneHnoe onHcaHHe

Ee4a a ocrpoe rrc6gn. [Iepene4eHa c <Dpauqyscxoro Ha pyccxofiqpe3 cryAeuTa Bacarsq Tpeanaxoacxoro'n nfunncaHa Ero Cns-reJr6-crBy-KHr3ro A.nexcau4py bopncoorruy KyparuHy. 1730. 210 crp.s 16. (Bes o3HaqeHHq Mecra neqaraunn).-Tox, nepenevaraioc nsraHilfl 1730. Mocxea. 1834. 235 cro. s 12.

B 1849 r. B KHHre <<O6sop AeficrBnft .Il,enaprarrleHraceJrbcKoro xo3rficTBa B Ter{eHHe nrrrH dreT, c 1844 rlo l84g rol>(Cn6. 1849; usa. 2. 1850) 6ul onv6nHKoBaH vKa3arerrb

pyccKofi JrHreparypbr rro ceJrbcKouy xosnficrny (si 5 ner):<Ce"ntcxoxo3fficrBeHHbre coqHHeHHfl, r.r3AaHHbre qacrHblMHJrrqaMH H ooulecrBaMH, c 1844 no 1849 roA)>. OnHcaHHr B aroMnepeqHe coAepxa"rlH MHHHMyM 6H6.nHorpaQfirlecKHx cBeAeHHfi,y-c-ra HoBJreHHbrfi AJrfl 6n6"rr norp aQ HqecKHx rpyAoB K cepeAH HeXIX B. (Her roJtbKo KorHqecrBeHHofr xapaKrepHcrtlKHH HaHMeHOBaHHTT THnof paQnu ), npHBeAeHHbrX B OnpeAeJreHHoftnocJIeAoBaTe.rlbHocTH. B BbrxoAHbtx AaHHbrx oTcyTcTBoBaJrroA H3AaHr.tfl, nocKoJrbKy oH HrpaJr poJrb py6pHKH.

il6

f|pnuepu rg <CettcxoxossfictseHHblx coquneHnft ...r

O ceneicrae lepecKosblc pacrenud, c oco6ennatn ucctedoeaxuenceodcraeu,notx C. Ilerep6gpecxoti $nope, u npeuilAulecroeHHo Anor'pe1uretanou e xosnficraetTnoJ,t, Te)(Hu4ecKon u epaue6xoll orHoue-aunx. Co". f . A.nexcau4poenqa. Cn6., s 8 a. r. c 5 ra6.ltlq. pHcyHKoB.

2) noa py6pnrofi <1845 roaa>

Hcrpe6aenue coptrbtx rpaa. Cou. O. B. @paHxe. C HeDreIr.

nepen. A. Tupen. Cn6., s 8 A. r.

3) noa py6pnroft <1846 roaa>

Onotr gueuua o noaaJtbftbtx 6oaesunx ileiledg doilauHunutcuaorflbtnu. Coq. B. Bcegoroaosa. Vgp,.2-e, yMHoxeHHoe t,t HcnpaB-JreHHoe. Cn6., s 8 a. r.

B o6.nacrt 6uo6u6nuorpa0nH nepBor? noroBHHbr XIX e.3aCr'lyXHBal,OT yIIOMHHaHI,ltl CJIOBapH AyXOBHbIX l{ CBeTcKHXnHcaTeJ|eti H yqeHbrx, cocTaBJIeHHbre MHTponoJIHTOM EsreHHeN.lDonxosxrHHoBbrM ( 1767-1837). Hcropilx, qneH PoccHficxofiAKAACMHH, NOI{CTHbIft qJICH AKAACMHH HAYK, TIJICH MHOI'HXyqeHbrx o6ulecrB, EorxoeHrraHoB Ha nporsxeHHH MHorrrx reTrpyAHncf HaA cocraBJreHHeM 6no6u6nuorpa0HqecKHx cro-Bapefi. Eue s 1805- 1806 rr. oH HariaJr neqararb cBoti<<Hoebrfi onbrr HcropHqecKoro cJroBapfl o poccuficKHX nncare-JIflX, npUpOAHbrX H r{y)KeCTpaHHbrX, yMepluHX H )KHBbIX>B xypHare n. V. Xsocroea uApyr npocBeuleHHq>). B cBr3Hc npeKpaUIeHHeM BbrxoAa xypHaJra ny6JIHKauHf cJroBapflo6opnanacr Ha 6yKBe <<K>>. flosAHee BorxoBHrHHoB ils1alr<<Cnosapr HcropHqecKnfi o 6unuHX B PoccHH rrHcareJrrxAyxoBHoro qHHa rpeKo-poccuficKofi qepKBH>> (u. l-2. Cn6.,l8l8). B 1827 r. BbnrlJro Bropoe, <<HcnpaBJreHHoe H yMHoxeH-Hoe>>, H3AaHHe sroro cnoBaps. B 1837 r. 6lr.[ ony6JrHKoBaHnepBbtfi ToM noAroToBrreHHono Eo.lxonnrHHoBbrM <<CJroBaptrpoccHficKHx cBercKHX nucarerefi> (Cn6.). Bropofi roM rorAaBbrnyueH He 6but, Ho s 1845 r. o6a roMa 3roro c.noeapn 6unHr.r3AaHbr M. n. floroAHsHna no pyKonHcH Eo"'rxoBHrHHoBa.

Onncasnr o <<Croaapax>> Eo.nxosHTHHoBa 6H.lrH secrr4aKparKHMH. B OnfiCaHfiqX KHI,rr npHBOAHJIHCb 3arJIaBHe, MeCTO

r.r roA H3AaHHfl H oopMar (uun H QaMHrHf aBropa onycKa-JrHCb, nocKor'rbKy oHr.r Hr-paJrH poJrb py6pHKu), xonuuecTBeHHarlxapaKTepHcrHKa He orMeqaJracb, Ho B TeKcTe orlHcaHHflynoMHHaJIOCb HaJ'rHrrHe B KHI{re fin"nocTpauHft. Ang MHoroToM-Hbrx H3AaHHfi yxasuraalocb KoJtuqecrBo roMoB HrH qacrefi.

Llt

B onncaxnu npor.rgBeAeHufi, ony6nuKoBaHHbrx B xypHaJrax,NOMHMO 3AfJIABHff, NPHBOAI,IJIIICb HA3BAHHC )KYPHAJIA H rOA.

Irpnnrepu ," .3:l#l; E#::fi;"nTlx nxcareaen>

EeJnes, Ocsn flerponnu, H a4oopuufi CoserHr.rx. VHreo-6n6.lnorexaps npu C.-flerep6yprcxofi Axaaeunu Hayx, nnca.n rrlnoriecrHxorBopeHur v u3!.aJt Hx coBoKynHo oco6on KHnxKoro, noA Ha3Ba_uneu: Mgsa, unu co6pauue paailbtx sa6asHbtx cotaunevufr, a cruxax,C.-Ilerep-6ypr 1794, s _8; 2) coullnal no4po6noe onucagne I1yHs1-KaMepbr Axageuuvecxoft noa HaasaHr.reul. Ka6uner IIerpa Beaixoeo,rutil, onucavue aocKoaoeo eeo uso6patiexua, aoenuofi u epatc)ancrcorteeo odexdot, co6creennopyut oeo ezo ugdenun u npou., uzlau.nepBbtM TrcHeHueM corpau{eHHo s 2 \actsx, n g 4o.nro, 1793 r.,a BTopbfM npocrpaulee rroA Ha3Bauuem: Ka6uner lTerpa Beluxoeo,trJtu onucaHue ecert Kgucrrcanepb,, c Kaprv*aur, n 3 qacrsx, lg09 r.,n 4; o6a Hareq. B C.-flerep6ypre J') ICx Ilerpa Benurcoeo',Il_nneparopa Bcepoccuricxoeo i ionepnuxa eelo Kap,oa XII, RopotnAeedcrcoeo, Haneq. B C.-flerep6ypie, lZgg, s g. OH cr<oHqa,rcf,n 1807 ro,ay.

flonnrxa ocyil{ecrBuTb reKyr{yo perr{crpaugro KHHr finepHoAHqecKHX HSAaHHir, BbrxoArruIHx B POCCHr.r, 6trnarrpeAnpr.rHrrra B 1825 r. n. H. Kenneuou B r{3AaBaB[eMcfl u pe-AaKrHpoBaBrrreMcfl HM 4ypsale <Bu6aHorpaQuuecxueJrncrbr>. flerp HraHoBHq KenreH ( 1793- 1864)'-'ogun usHaH6oJree BHAHbrx 6u6.nnorpaQoB XIX 8., yqeHblft, 3aHHMaB-uHftcq BorrpocaMH Jil{HrBHcrHKH, apxeonorHH, reorpaOHH,3THOfpaQHlt, cTarilcTHKH, ecTecTBo3HaHHfl, CeJrbcKoro t4 JIec-Horo xo3qficrBa. Oco6oe BHr.rMaHHe Kennes o6paulafl Ha H3y-qeHHe Poccr.l.r. OH ser4rcs oAHHM H3 yr{peAnre.rleli (r l8l6 n.)Borrsoro o6urecrBa nro6nreneti pocir.licxoft cJroBecHocr;,B 1837 r. Kennes 6ul l.ls6pau s axa4eunxu, oH npHHHMaJrAeflTelbr{oe yqacrHe B yqpex(AeHuu Pyccxoro reorpaoHr{e-CKOTO O6UIECTBA, MHOTO CACJIAJI AJIN PA3BI,ITHfl CJIABflHOBEAE-HHfl B POccnu.

B <bx6luorpa$HqecKux Jrxcrax> (xypna.ir BbrxoAHJr B re-r{eHHe oAHoro JrHurb 1825 r.) noMeulanacb HHoopMauHfl o Ho-Bbrx KHrrax H nepHoAHqecKfix H3AaHHflX Ha pyCCKOM H Apyrflxfl3brKax, onyorHKoBaHHbrx B PocCr.ilr, a TaKxe o reorpaoHqe-CKHX Kaprax, nJraHax, u3o6pa3HTeJrbHofi npoAyKuHr.t H Horax.B xypna.ne Bbl6opor{Ho neqaraJrucb cBeAeIrHs H o BaxHefiuerir.rHocrpaHHofi nnreparype, B flepByro oqepeAb o Tex HHocTpaH-HbIX KHr{raX, KoTopble coAepxaJrH Marepr.raJl, oTHOCqIqHfiCflK PoccHH. Bo uHornx cnyqaflx onHcaHnrr n <En6;lnorpaeu-

n8

qecKHx JIHCTaX> COnpoBoxAaJIHCb aHHOTaUH fl M H' pacKpbl BaIO-

IUI4MH COACPXAHHC KHHTil, NJIH PCUCH3H'IMH.OnucaHl.rn e <EH6ruorpa$uuecxux JIHcrax>> orJtnqarncb

ToqHocrbro u no.nuorofi. Bce rHuru onucblBaJlncb noA 3afJIa-

euel,r. HMq (nununa;ru) u.nn $auu.nnfl aBropa noMelrlaJlncb

locJle garrasnfi (o6uutto co cJIoBaMH <<cor{HHHJI>>' <<coquHe-

une>>, <co6paJt> I,t r. n., onpeAenflIourllMI't naAex' B KoropoM

croflJla Qauunnn). ,[l.na nepenoAHblx KHHr npHBoAHJIHcb cBe-

AeHHfl o fl3brKe opHrfiHaJla H o nepeBoAt{t'lxe. B BblxoAHbtx AaH-

Hbrx yKa3blBaJIHCb He TOJIbKO MeCTO H rOA H3AaHl',lfl' HO H THIO-

rpadus. B HaHr,teHosaHI{H ee coKpa[laJlucb orAeJlbHble cJIoBa:

<s Tnn. Aen. H. II., (r. e. ), HHorAa- c.IIoBo <runorpaQua>>coKpauaJlocu oAsofi 6yxeoft <t'>>. B orIHcaHHIl orMeI{aJIHcb

KoJrHr{ecrBeHHan xapaiTepHcrHKa, Qoprraar H ueHa' Taxnuo6pasou, onHcaHnfl KHHn BKJIIo.{aJIH Bce ocHoBHble 3JIeMeHTbl'

B pa4e cnyqaeB yKa3btBarcfl Mara3HH, B KoropoM npoAaBa-.nacs xnnra. ,[,ocrouHcrBoM rpyAa Kennesa'6st.lo to, qro oH

ycraHaBnHBaJI OTCyTCTByIOUHe B H3AaHHH CBeAeHHtl H npHBo-

AHJI Hx B onucaHHu B Kpyrnblx cxo6xax.B onncaHuu MHororoMHbrx HsAaHIrfi npHBoAHJII.{cb cBeAe'

HHfl O TOMAX I,UIH qACTflX, OTMCqAJIHCb TOAbI I43AAHHfl H KOJIH-

qecrBeHuas xapaKrepucrnKa KaxAoro roMa. flpuueHa.nocl l't

o6reAuHesgoe olncaHfie, npH 3ToM cBeAeHHr o [epeH3AaHHqxKHHrH npHcoeAHHflJIHcb K ortficaHuro nepBoto HgAaHHq 6es

o6ogsaqennq <To xe>. B onucasnlt xypHaJIa nocJle 3arJIaBHfl

noMeulaJlHcb cBeAeHHfl o6 HsAarene HnH peAaKrope' yxa3blBa-rocb KorHr"tecrBo HoMepoB B roA; o6uqHo orMeqaJtcq raKxeo6r,eu u3AaHllfl (xo.nuuecrao crpanH( H,lH JIHcroB s Houepe)a Qoprr,tar, a n cxo6xax npl'IBoAHJIacb rnnorpaQna -(uecror.r3AaHnfl o[ycKaJlocb, TaK KaK oHo HfpaJIo pons py6puxn),B KOHUe qacro yKa3blBaJIaCb UeHa.

Ilpr,ruepu na <En6atorpaQxuecrux JtucroBt Il. H. Kennena

a) o4uorounue H3aaHHt

Eazenui Oueeun, Pol{aH s crHxax' Coquseune Anerccandpa

lluwrcuna. Cn6. s THn' Aen. H' n' 1825. XXIV n 60 c. n 6' 12'

(5 p.; c nepec.6 p. B KHrIx. marag. H. B. Clenuua).3enaedetoqecxan Xunun, c npeABaPureJrbHblM I'I3JIoxeHlieM K ceH

qacru H xo ecefi uayxe Ce.nr,cxorc xo3gftcrga nptaroroBnre'lbHblxcaeAelrnft ue EcrecreiHHblx HayK' c noKa3aH[eM pa3Hblx cnoco6osgevJevao6peHHfl It c HaqepraHHeM npaBHJI naxaHl'ls' CoctaereHaMuxau,ttoi I!aatoeoLn, Flaas. Coe. npn H. Moc. Vu' Mugepa'lornu

ll9

H CenbcK. [orr,ron. IIpo$eccoporra II. O. MeqHuHHbr .[oKroDoM.yqpexAeHHoft npu H. Mocx. O6utecree Celscxoro Xoeqftcrsa 3eMne_Ae.ll,recrofi llko.lu ,(npexroporlr fi pa3Hbrx yv. O6ur. r{.nenou. M.s Tun. C. Ce.nfigaHoscxoro. 4-b6 c. s'g.

CM. Ces. fl,reru Nb 85 n 84; Mocx. Te.rerp. N! 21, c.90_gg.I( onucauun npucoe)uneuot ceedenua o peqevgutuc.

6) rrlHororonrxoe H3aaHHe

H aue p r anue II parcr uuec rco fi X up g p e uu, lrsr araeMofi B H acro, rqeMee cocrorHHH Ha HaqaJrax IlaronorHqecxofi n XupypruuecxoiiANaroulln-, c xa prunauu._CorruHeHne C a.ug ua a Kg ne pa,' u,rena Kop.I-"pyp.. Ko;rrersn n np. flepeee,r c Aurnuhcxoro haan Kocronapob.S. "-Inl.^!. Ky_s-Heqosa. Kn. I, 1824 r. VII n 842 c., c I ueprexeu;Ks. II, 1824 r. lY n228 c., Ks. III, IV r 329 c. e 8, c 4 uepiexar,rn.

n) o6te4uHeuuoe onucaHHe

Vepneq, KHescxaq noBecrb. Cor{}iHeHne Haaua Kostoea,fI. n Trn. Aen. H. tI. 1825. 64 c. s 8. - ugAauue 2-e. fI. n Tnn.Aen. H. n. 1825. 64 c. s 8 (5 p).

flonecrs o rlepnqe oKaHqHBaercq Ha c. 3g-fi, ocrarbHyto xe qacrbcefi xnnxxu 3aHHMaer noc,'raHfie K Apyry B. A. Xyxoncxouy.

r) xypna;r

- Becrnurc E_aponot, cocrasrqeMHft (Cr. Con.) MHxafi.lorrr (Tpo-Ouuonuv_e-nr )_ KaqeHoscxHrrt, fl po$eccopor,.r, floxroporrl OH.n ocoQ ur,9lenou H. P. Ax. r.t ApyfHx yueHux o6ulecrg. no-Asa .N! g Meiqu.He MeHee 80 cc. xaxAufi; (neu. n VHun. Tnn.). - Ilena 3a roaoBoeH3AaHHe 20, c nepec. 25 (n M.24) p.

B,Enp. us4aercq c 1802 r. - PeAaxropoM oHoro no uuse 6ulu:H. M. Kap_au-ar.rH, rroroM B pa3Hbre BpeMeHa i1. Cyrrlapoxoe, B. A. Xy-xoncxufi, B. I,lgruafi.non H, HaKoHerL yqacrBoBaBuHft s ce^, nsAaniuyxe-c

^1805-roaa M. T. KaqeHoncxuft, xoropuft HHHe npoaolxaer

osoft-. Cv. _Marepua.tur HcropHH npocseqeHlln s poccHn (lglg.g)xn. I, c. 44, rae roJlbKo B orHoueHnr.r K H3AaHHro oHofo B'1g04 ;.AoJfixHo cKa3arb, qro, Haqar raKoBoe flanxp. Cyuaporoe, a AoBepuHnM. T. KaqeHoecxnft. Taxnu o6pasou u ctrr.nacyrorcff tr3Becrur,coo6ulexsue f-rtr lllropxorrl H nor. Conuxosbrr,,r.

C 1837 no 1855 r. ..XypHal MuHncrepcrBa HapoAHoronpocBerrleHHq> ny6IHKOBaJr <<yKa3areJrb BHoBb BbrueIuHXKHHr>>,30 gaAaqefi Koroporo 6u,ro ocyu{ecrBreHHe rocyAap-crBeHHofi 6u6lr.rorpaSHrlecKofi pef HcrpaUHH B pocolH.3r

30 llepnue ABa roaa <Vxagareno> neqaraJ,rcq Ha crpaHrruax caMoroxypHar'ra, a c 1835 r. B orAerbHo H3aaBaeMbrx <flpu6an,reurxx> K HeMy(v. 3,. <Bu6,rxorpa$uuecrae np r.r6aeneHu n> ) .o' Kax noqcHqer H. B. 3ao6Hos, gTa perlJcrparlHq BbrlorHflra noru_qeficxo-qeusypuue^Qyuxuaa (cnr.: 3ao6nos H. B. Vcropwn pyccxoi6a6.naonpaQnr.r, c. 258-261) .

t20

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HHq o6 aBTope (vacro co cJIoBaMH <<cor{HHeHHe>>, (<cot{.>>

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B ue,rou oIIHcaHHfl s <<yKa3arere BHoBb BblueAUI4x KHHr>>

orJrHqaJrHcb BecbMa BbtcoKHM ypoBHeM (Anq ceoero nperraeHu),coAepxaJlH Bce ocHoBHble 3JIeMeHTbl.

IlpnrepH ng cVraeareJc BHoBb BuueAilrrx KHIrt)

a) oauo'rouHrre H3aaHHfl

O rrrepax, npnHsrbtx s Poccuu K nooulpeHltto H ycoBeplxeHcrBo-BaHHro ceJrbcKoro xosRf,crsa soo6qe. Cou. flpo$eccopa XapsxoncroroVuunepcurera Hs. flraroHosa. C. n. 6. s run. MuHucrepcrnaBs. Aer. 1839. l2l crp. in - 8.

Hosue nosecrr A,rercau4pa .[,rorrra. flep. c iDp. @eaop Cyponuos.C. n. E. s run. A. CHqesa, 1839. 135 ctp. in - 12.

6) uuororouuo€ fi3AaHHe

Iloc,neanufi Hosfix uJru 3aBoeBaH{e Jlu$;rnu4un B qapcrBoBaHlteflerpa Be;rnxoro. Hcropuuecruft pouaH. CoquueHue Hsana Jlaxeq-HEKoBa, g 4-x qacrsx. I,lsAaHue rperre co Bropofo 1833 ro.qa.C. n. 6. e rHn. BuHre6epa, 1839. 225, 251, 219, 207 crp. in - 8.

Texyuan nu$opuauna o BHoBb BbtxoAtrrtlnx KHHrax npeqeH3HH Ha HHx ny6.nnxona.nncb B pflAe JlHreparypHblx x(yp-HaJroB nepBofi noJIoBr,rHbr XIX e. OnucaHuR KHHr, noMeIIIaB-uHecrr B xypHarax, KaK IIpaBHJIo, 6nt.nu AocraToqHo noA-p06Hbr, coAeplKaJIH Bce ocHoBHble 3JIeMeHTbl, BKJ'Il,oqafl 06blqHoH KOJrHqecTBeHHyro xapaKTepHcrHKy. He ocraHaB,'IHBattcbAeraJrbHo Ha oco6eHHocTflx onHcaHHft B pa3JlHqHblx XypHa-JIaX, OnpaHHqUMCfl rlpHBeAeHI,leM HeCKOJIbKHX npHMepOB.

He xypna.na <Cus oteqectga> (1826, u. 106)

6acnu llaana KpoLaoaa. B cerrrl.r KHHrax. Hoeoe, ucnpan.neHuoen nononHeHHoe n3AaH[e. n. 1826, n rnn, .[,enapraMeHTa Hapo4HoroflpocseueHuq, s 8, 312 c.

t2l

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Hesne AlercasApa CepreeBnqa fpu6oe4ora. M. 1833. B r. A. Cer',resa.167 crp. in - 8.

Ha xypHa.na <Conpeueuuur> (1836, r. 4)

Xusfis Hano.leosa Douanapre, r.rMneparopa @panuygog. Coq,cupa Ba;rrep-Cxorra. IIep. c AHrruficxoro C. ae IIIan.ner. Tounepeuft. t{acru: l, 2,3 u 4. C. II. E.

B HcropHu 6a6nHorpaQrqecKoro orrucaHur B PoccfiH rtep-Bar rroJroBHHa XIX B. ffBHJracb nepHoAoM rroHcKoB BeAyTTIHMH6u6nHorpaQaMn Hau6oJree pauHoHaJrbHbrx MeroAoB orruca-HHr. B nepBofi rpern XIX B. rroflBuJrucb QyHAaMeHraJrbHbrelpyAu: <<CHcrerr,larnqecKoe 0603peHHe JrHreparypbr B PoccHr.r>>Ijlropxa u A4enyHra, <<Oflbrr poccuficxori 6u6nuorpaQuu>>Connxoaa, <<Pocnucn>> 6n6.nnorex flraeilnlufiKoBa K Craup-AHHA. MCTOAHKA ONHCaHHfl B 3THX VgAaHHflx 6uI,ra He BTIOJTHe

oAr.rHaKoBa. flpuuuunnaJrbHoe pa3rHqHe KacaJrocb caMoroHar{aIa onHcaHHfl: Illropxou a AAe,'IyHroM, a TaKxe s <<Po-

cnHcH)> 6u6luorexg CrtrrapAuua KHHIH onHcbtBarr,rcb rroA nep-BbrM cJroBoM 3arJraBr,rfl, connxonnru - noA nepBbtM cyulecTBH-TeJIbHbrM 3arJraBHf B HMeHHTeJTbHOM naAex(e, AHaCTaCeBH-qeM

- noA cJIoBot\{ HJIH Cd'tOBOCOqeTaHLIeM B 3arJIaBHH, KOTO-

poe sBJrflJlocb HaHooJree cyuIecTBeHHbrM HJIH xapaKTepHbrMC TOI{KH 3PCHHfl TCMATHKH KHHII].

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Vxe saqnuafl c rpyAa LUropxa u A4eryura B yKa3areJrrxBCTpeqaroTcg cIyqaH aHaJIHTHqecKofo onHcaHnfl, a TaKxeIIpHcoeAilHeHHs K onHcaHHro npo[3BeAeHHf cBeAeHr.rfi o peueH-3I,IflX.

B orpacreeofi 6u6nuorpaQnu pasnurne npHHuHnoB onHca-Hr.rfl, KaK rrpaBHJro, orcraBaJro oT pa3Burr,rs caMOfi 6u6nuorpa-Qun (ne 6nno eAnuoo6pa3r.rfl, Bcrpeqarucb npotrycKu orAeJrb-Hbrx 3JreMeHroB), xorfl B HeKoTopbrx TpyAax, B nepByr,oorrepeAb B KaraJrore t{eprxoecxoi't 6u6nuorexu, onrcaHHfl

122

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B qenou B Ter{eHHe nepnor? nod'toBnubt XIX s. TexHI'tKa

onHcaHHfl nocTeneHHo coBep[IeHcTBoBaJIacb, H B cepeAHHeXIX B. ycraHoBr.tJlca onpeAeleuuuli MHHLtMyM ceeAeHnfi,npHBoAHMbrx B oflilcaHuH, a TaK>Ke tIocJIeAoBaTeJIbHOCTb,a xoropofi ltpr.rBo.u,HJIHcb srn cBeAeHNs. OnucaHue coAepxaJloy)Ke Bce cicHoeHne 3JIeMeHrbr. Or rofi Qopult, Koropafl [pH-MeHflercf B Haue Bpeil{fl, oHo oTJIr{qaJIOCb B OCHOBHOM TeM, qTO

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3AKJIIOTIEHI,IE

H a npe4rr4yruux crpa H r.rqax Mbr npocd'reAr.rJr H 38oJrlouH ro6n6;ruorpaSnr{ecKono ofificaHns n Poccau Ha rrporrr)KeHnr.r6o;Iee ceuu c noJroBuHofi eexos. !,onraru 6u.n nyro, npofiAen-Hufi 6n6.nrorp aSnvecxn M orrHcaHH eM, MeAJreH HbrM H cJro)KHbr M

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onepexaJrH cBoe BpeMfl, cMelo 3KcnepHMeHrHpyfl H Hcrlo,'lb3yflraKue rrpHeMbr, Koropbre BHeApI.rJIHcb n 6u6aNorpa$uuecrynnpaKTr.rKy roJrbKo B HauH 4Hra. fIpan4a, aro He 03Haqaer, rrrocoBpeMeHHbre Harvr 6H6nHorpaQbl SaHMcrBoBaJIH 3Tfi npHeMbIHenocpeAcrBeHHo r.r3 crapbrx 6u6.naorpaQHqecKHx rpyAoB.MHoroe 6u.no <<orxpr,rro)> HMr,r 3aHoBo. Teu He MeHee HHTe-

pecHo H noyqHreJlbHo, qro lt s o6racru 6u6ruorpaQuqecKol'oOII14CaHHfl qe.llOBeqeCKaq Mblcd'lb OKa3aJ'laCb CnOCO6uanpeABocxHTHTb ro, rITo Hau,rlo npHMeHeHHe JIHlrIb B oTAareH-Hona 6yayuer'r.

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K peueH14ro orAeJIbHblx BonpocoB onHcaHHfl, ,{ro6H oHo

t24

IIoJIHOCTbtO OTBeqaJIo TeM KoHKpeTHbrM 3aAaqaM, KoTopbtenepeA HUMH craBnr Aa"'rbHefiuee pa3BHTHe 6r.r6nuorpaQuu.

Xorq B paccMaTpaeaeMlrfi nepHoA npo6leua ynusuxauau6n6.nuorpaQuqecKofo onncaHnrr He roJrbKo ue ruorna 6srrupa3perueHa, Ho Aa)Ke etue He 6ula nocraBJreHa, B npaKruKeBeAyrrlnx 6n6nnorpa$oB HaqaJrr{ cKJraAbrBarbcx HexoropueeAlrHbre ocHoBHbre npHHur.rnbr, KoTopbrMH oHH CTaJTH pyKOBOA-crBoBarbcfl npH cocraBreHtr.t onucaHufi. Taxuu o6pasorra,nocreneHHo co3AaBarr,tcb npeAnocbtJIKH, o6rerqusuHe sAa.ntuefiu:e.M (yxe s co_eercxufi nepuoa) yc[euHoe pa3pe-ueHue eroti npo6,relrur. B Hacrorrulee BpeMn oKa3ad'rocb Bo3-MoxHbrM ocyurecrBJreuHe yu u$ u x a\uu 6u6nuorpa$uu ecxoroonucaHHtr He roJlbKo B rrpeAeJlax oAuofi crpaHbr, Ho r.r B Me)KAy-HapoAHoM uacurra6e.

EolruruHcrBo H3 ocHoBHbtx npHHrIHnoB MeroAHxu 6u6nuo-rpaQnuecroro orrucaHul cJro)KnJrocb yxe B cepeAuHe XIX s.,H NO CYUICCTBY EAHHCTBEHHOC NPHHIII,INHA,'IbHOC OTJIHqHC6u6nnorpaQfiqecKnx onucaHnfi ror-o nepuoAa or onucauufi,HcrroJlb3yeM brx B coBpeMeuuoft 6u6.n norpaQ uqecxofi np a Krr.rKe,cocToHT B TOM, tlTO B HallrU AHr,r onHcaHr.rfl <<aBTopcKHx> KHHfo6brr{Ho HaqHHatorcn c Sauu.lulr.r aBTopa B HMeHHTeJIbHoMnaAelKe, B To BpeMq KaK TofAa B rroAaBJrflrotueM 6orbrluHcrBeyxasarereft Bce npongBeAeHr4rr orrHcbrBaJlr.tcb noA 3arJraBHeM.BseAeHHe B KaqecrBe nepBoro 3JreMeHTa onHcaHr.tfl aBropcKofo3aroJloBKa flBHJIOCb CyUIeCTBeHHbTM AOCTr,txeHHeM, rIocKod'tbKVBbrABHfaJro Ha nepeufi [JraH BaxHufi npusuax aaropcrna,a TaK)Ke cnoco6cTBoBaJro c6Jrr.t)KeHHro onHcaunn o 6H6.nuorpa-@nvecxux yKa3areJrflx c KaraJIorH3aur,toHHbrM onHcaHHeM,B KoropoM aeropcxHri 3afoJroBoK npHMeHrrJrcfi yxe B XVIII e.Bruecre c reM HeJIb3g He orMernTb, r{To H B HacrofluleeBpeMn B pffAe usl..aHuit rexyuleft unSopnaauun (a uacruocrua peSeparHnuux xypua,lax) npHMeHrrercfl orrncaHHe noA3anJraBHeM Bcex npor.r3eeAeHt.tri npH yc.rroBHa urpueronoroBbrAeJ'reHHrr QauH.nuu aBTopa. Taxofi cnoco6 onHcaHHr rrpH3-HaH AonycruMbrM KaK Ha[rHM fOCTor,l 7.1-76 <<BH6.nHorpa-

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t25

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Ilpuuepu, npHBoAHMbre B reKcre, 6unu au6paHbr HaMlrc raKr{M pacqeroM, qro6u oHr.r AaBaJIH Bo3MoxHo 6o.nee non-Hoe H scHoe npeAcraBJreHr.re o xapaKrepe 6n6nr.rorpaQrve-cKoro onncaHus B pa3Hbre nepnoAbr Hcropr.ru. B ro xe BpeMflMbr crpeMr.rJrucb K roMy, qro6u npr{Mepbl He npocro HJrJuocrpu-poBaJIr,r reKcr, Ho H lro3BoJIunu 6ut qHTareJlIo nor{yBcrBoBarb<Ayx>> 3rroxll, B Koropyrc 6unn cocraBlreHbr on]IcaHHt, TBopr{e-cKylo HHAHBHAyarbHocrb cocraBr.rreJrs, ero crr.rJrb, ceoeo6pae-Hufi <novepK> r.r Aaxe AocraBuJrr.r r{HTareJrro cBoero poAa9CTeTnqecKoe yAoBo.n bcrBHe.

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OTJIABJIEHHE

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Documents

Никифоровская НА - Библиографическое описание в России - Л.,1981