85
교원 • 공무원의 정치기본권 보장 어떻게 볼 것인가? ● 일 시 : 2011년 8월 8일 09:30 ~ 12:00 ● 장 소 : 국회 헌정기념관 2층 대강당 ● 주 최 : 민주노동당 (이정희, 권영길, 강기갑, 곽정숙, 홍희덕, 김선동) 민주당(정동영, 천정배) 진보신당(조승수) 창조한국당(유원일) ● 주 관 : 민주사회를위한변호사모임 / 참여연대 민주주의법학연구회 / 표현의자유를위한연대 교사•공무원정치기본권찾기공동행동

교원,공무원 정치기본권 공청회 자료집

  • View
    230

  • Download
    6

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

8월 8일에 있었던 공청회 "교원, 공무원의 정치기본권 보장 어떻게 볼 것인가?" 자료집입니다.

Citation preview

  • ?

    : 2011 8 8 09:30 ~ 12:00 : 2 : (, , , ,

    , ) (, ) () ()

    : / /

  • 1. - ( )

    2. ( )

    1. ( )

    2. ( )

    3. ( )

    4. ( )

  • 1. - ( )

    1

    2. ( )

    22

    1. ( )

    36

    2. ( )

    44

    3. ( )

    47

    4. ( )

    54

    . 58

  • - 1 -

    / ( 2011. 8. 8)

    - *

    1)

    1. :

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    .

    , , ,

    ,

    . 33 1(3), 8( ),

    21( ), 24 25(, )

    .

    ,

    (95

    48, 1997. 4. 24). .

    .( 2003. 10. 30. 2002 1, 86, 968,

    974). ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    (2001710, 2004. 3. 25).

    , . ,

    * 16 2(2010. 8) 19 1(2010. 2) .

  • - 2 -

    .

    , ,

    . 10(

    ), 11 1( ), 21 1 2(

    ), 24(), 25(), 33 1( ), 37 1(

    ) , 21 4(

    ) 37 2( )

    .

    (ILO Convention

    151, Article 9) .

    .

    .

    3 (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living

    and Working Conditions, 2007; 1999),

    .

    ().

    () ()

    -

    - , , , /

    - , , ,

    - : .

    - - ,

    . 24 , / ( ) .

    -

    * - (Hatch Act R e f o r m Amendments of 1993

    * - ( F e d e r a l E l e c t i o n Campaign Act, 1974)

    - : ( .

    , ) (Hirano 2006). (102)

    - : ; .- : , . (60, 2009)

    , . , .

    - : - : ( )- : - : , ,

    Civil Service Code (June 2006)

    - :

    (, , , )

    - : : - Schwemle 1996; - Snead 2001, 260; Bowman & West 2009;

  • - 3 -

    **

    2, 2

    X X

    * X X X X

    66 1 58 1

    X X

    Public Service Research Foundation 2009; - Cabinet Office 2009; -

    1998; Matheson et al 2007; (Bundesbeamtengesetz, BBG) 2009; -

    Hirano 2006; US Department of State 2000; Local Public Service System in Japan 2007;

    - (Le Havre) Pierre Chabal (2009. 7. 2).

    3

    . 33 2

    , , 6

    , 5

    .

    3 , 6

    . 5

    3 .

    , .

    3

    * : , , , 5 ( ) 6

    . () () .

    ** ( 12,

    12 5, 87).

    , ,

    3

    .

    3

    .

    .

    , , , ,

    .

    ,

  • - 4 -

    .

    . (works

    council) ,

    , , , , , ,

    ( 1999, 22-23).

    1)

    3

    . ?

    2. 3

    (1)

    ,

    ( 37 2).

    () , ,

    . ,

    .

    ,

    ( , ),

    , (

    ), ,

    ( ),

    ( )

    ,

    (9167,

    1995. 5. 25).

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    , .

    2)

    1) , . ( 1998, 134)

    2) .

    ,

    ,

  • - 5 -

    , ,

    ( + )

    .

    ()

    (2)

    ( 7),

    ( 31)

    ,

    .

    3)

    ,

    , ( ),

    .

    . ( )

    (). ,

    ( ) .

    3) , (, 2004: 416).

  • - 6 -

    .

    ....

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    (2001710, 2004. 3. 25).

    .

    ()

    ---->

    ----> (, ,

    ) ---->

    ----> ----> / ---->

    3.

    , , ,

    ,

    , , (

    ),

    .

    , .

    (1)

    .

  • - 7 -

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    ( 4, 10 2, 34 2, 119 )

    . ,

    ( 2007). ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    (

    1991, 202). ,

    . ( )

    .

    ,

    ( 2007, 26).

    .

    .

    .

    . ,

    , ( )

    ( 1998, 137).

    , 3

    ,

    . ,

    . , (

  • - 8 -

    . , . , 1974

    . , (Reinhart and

    Bernick 1975, 609-610; Pearson 1978, 236; Pearson and Castles 1990, 407). ,

    ,

    , . 2007

    8 9 , 1200

    ,

    .

    ( 2007).

    ,

    .

    , 3

    , /

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    . ,

    .

    (3 )

    ,

    . ,

    (Twiddy and Leiter 2003).

    .

    , 3

    .

    .

    (

    , , ) .

    .

    ,

  • - 9 -

    .

    ,

    . . ()

    .

    .

    ,

    ( )

    (, 2004-11-19).

    .

    , ( )

    -

    .

    ,

    . ,

    (partisan)

    (Kemaghan 1976; Overeem 2005; Huber 2007; Cheung

    2009). (/ )

    , (, )

    .

    ,

    ( 2005; 2006).

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    (merit)

    (political support and work)

    .

  • - 10 -

    ,

    , 19 1950

    . ,

    .

    . 19

    10%

    (U.S. National Archives

    & Records Administration). (3 )

    7000 ,

    280. 7

    (60 ) 1% .

    6 ( 282 2%) 3%

    ( )

    ( 2010).

    . ,

    1988 2007

    7 ,

    14 ( 2004; 2008).

    . ,

    ,

    .

    (

    ) , , .

    , , , 2007 (CPI,

    ) 8.4, 7.3, 7.2 5.1 .

    ( ) ( ) 7.8, 7.5

    .

    OECD ,

    (Transparency Internatoal 2007;

    2007).

    2003 2008

    , 1~3 137, 4~5 317, 6 1,068 6

    , , 6

    . ,

  • - 11 -

    , 1~3 2 , 4~5 37 , 6 283

    (2006 ). , 1.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%

    ( 2008).

    , 6

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    , ,

    . ( Robert Dahl)

    ,

    (umpire)

    ( 1991).

    ,

    .

    ()

    .

    .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    (2)

    ,

    ,

    ,

  • - 12 -

    . .

    ,

    , ( )

    () .

    /

    -->

    --> --------------> -->

    :

    ---> --->

    (-

    2008; 2009; 2009; 2008)),

    (Norman 2009; Warnock 2009; 2009; 2008),

    .

    ,

    () .

    ---------->

    ,

    ---------->

  • - 13 -

    ,

    .

    ,

    (Newman and Newman 1991).

    (Willingham

    2007; 2002; 2009; 2009; 2005;

    2004; 2008; Ottoya-Kanpp 2004; Celuch et al 2009; Glancario et al

    2004; Abrani et al 2008).

    ,

    ,

    ( 2008; 2007; 1995; 2004;

    1995; Hilden 2008).

    ,

    ,

    ( 2010).

    , ,

    .

    (

    ) (Kuhn 1962; Martin 1998; Cooper and Randall 1999;

    Heaney 1996; Pertina 1998; Diremeier 2007; Gelles 2007; Navarro 2004),

    .

    (,

    2) (Reidy 1998, 2; Lee and

    Garret 2005; Smith 2001; Freeman 2001; Singleton 2009; Harwood 2001)).

    , ,

    .

    ,

  • - 14 -

    ,

    ( 2005; 2005) .

    4.

    ,

    .

    .

    ( ) , ( )

    .

    4)

    .

    EAI (2008). 2008 IV: .

    4) 3 , , ,

    . 3 ,

    .

    () .

    ,

    . 3 . 3

    5

    6 3

    .

  • - 15 -

    (2006).

    , , 1 21

    . http://www.kyoto-fuko.com/re/kenkai/06seiji_kenkai.html

    (2002). , " , , 12 6.

    (2007). 2007

    (2008). 2008

    (2007). ,

    , 6.

    (2009). '', , 4 6,

    http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?rss=Y&sc=30200004&year=2009&no=209793.

    (2006). , , 40 1

    (2008). , " ",

    http://cafe.daum.net/lmj1217/6MxF/11?docid=1EKXI|6MxF|11|20081125190347

    &q=%B1%B3%C0%B0%B0%A8%20%BC%B1%B0%C5%20%C1%A4%B4%E7&srchid=C

    CB1EKXI|6MxF|11|20081125190347. 11 15.

    (2007). , , 8 2

    (2006). :

    , .

    (2007).

    , , 19(1), 65-79.

    (2009). ,

    http://www.ccdailynews.com/section/?knum=104419

    (1995). , .

    (2005). , , 8(2), 1-49.

    (1995). ,

    (2007). II, .

    (1992). 1 - (

    ), , 10(2), 1-25.

    (2008). ,

    2008, ,

    (2005). " ,

    http://k.daum.net/qna/view.html?category_id=QFK&qid=0Fkce&q=%C3%CA%B5%E

    E%C7%D0%B1%B3+%B5%BF%BC%BA%BE%D6&srchid=NKS0Fkce, 12 13.

    (2008). III,

    (2006). ,

    , 45(1), 121-152.

    (2006). :

    , , 12(3), 85-127.

    (2005). , , 8(2),

    105-146.

    (2004). , .

  • - 16 -

    (2007)., 7,

    (1991). . ,

    (2004). ?,

    , 22(2), 397-419.

    (2005). ,

    , 8(1), 201-227.

    (2005). - ,

    , 8(1), 25-60.

    (2008). " , " -

    ...'-' , Money Today, 7 13.

    http://news.mt.co.kr/view/mtview.php?no=2008071312152719116&type=1

    (2000). , (

    ), 12, 201-241.

    ( ) (2008). ,

    -

    ,

    http://cafe.daum.net/cleanROK/IYXT/94?docid=13Rxs|IYXT|94|20080716155855

    &q=%B1%B3%C0%B0%B0%A8%20%BC%B1%B0%C5%20%C1%A4%B4%E7&srchid=C

    CB13Rxs|IYXT|94|20080716155855

    (1997). , , 15(3), 466-498.

    (2000). (PAC)

    , , 18(3), 289-316.

    (2005). , , 8(2), 51-106.

    (2009). , , ,

    4 23.

    (2007). ,

    . 18 (2007. 10. 25)

    (2004). ,

    , 16(1), 63-77.

    (2003). - ,

    , 21(4), 243-258.

    (1995). , , 21.

    (1992). , , 4, 1-28.

    (1999). , , 4

    (2008).

    , .

    (1997). ,

    (2008). " , ", , 11 21

    .

    (2007). , , 34(1), 203-225.

    (2010). , ,

  • - 17 -

    19(1), 71-100.

    , ,

    http://gwanak-v.or.kr/bbs/board/ttboard.cgi?act=read&db=labor&idx=16

    (2007). , 2.

    (2008). ,

    , 47(4), 5-33.

    (2004). ,

    , 20(2), 83-101.

    , 2010

    http://cafe.daum.net/ansanjinbo1/CfCe/27?docid=1Dgxp|CfCe|27|2009021520583

    1&q=%B1%B3%C0%B0%B0%A8%20%BC%B1%B0%C5%20%C1%A4%B4%E7&srchid=

    CCB1Dgxp|CfCe|27|20090215205831.

    (2004). - , , 9(1), 1-45.

    (2005). ,

    11 3,

    (2004). 2004

    (2006). 2006

    (2008). 2008

    (1998). ,, 10, 127-154.

    (1999). -

    , , 27(2), 219-234.

    (1998). , : .

    (2002). , , 34(2), 255-278.

    (2009). " , , 10 2

    .

    (2005). ,

    , 17(2), 240-251.

    Abrami, Philip C. et al. (2008). Instructional Interventions Affecting Critical Thinking

    Skills and and Dispositions: A Stage 1 Meta-Analysis, Review of Educational

    Research, 78, 1102-1134.

    Agostinone-Wilson, Faith (2004). Fair and Balanced to Death: Confronting the Cult of

    Neutrality in the Teacher Education Classroom, A paper presented at the

    Rouge Forum Summer Institute on Education and Society, June 26.

    http://www.pipeline.com/~rougeforum/Fair&Balanced.htm

    Arneson, Richard J. (2009). "Liberal Neutrality on the Good: An Autopsy,"

    http://philosophy.uscd.edu/faculty/rarneson

    Bowman, James S. (2009). State Government "Little Hatch Acts" in an era of Civil

    Service Reform, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 29(1), 20-40.

  • - 18 -

    Bowman, James S. and Jonathan P. West (2009). "State Government 'Little Hatch Acts'

    in an Era of Civil Service Reform," Review of Public Personnel Adminstration,

    Vol. 29 (March)

    Cabinet Office , UK (2005). Guidance Note E: Political Activities of Civil Servants,

    GENERAL ELECTION GUIDANCE 2005.

    http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/propriety_and_ethics/assets/

    guidance_note_e.pdf

    Caiden, Gerald E. (1997). "The difference between neutral and mindless," PA Times,

    vol. 20, issue 1

    Cheung, Choryung (2009). "Public Service Neutrality in Hong Kong: Problems and

    Prospects," The Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 68, March

    2009, Supplement.

    Christensen, Tom and Per Laegried (2005). "Autonomization and Policy Capacity: The

    Dilemmas and Challenges Facing Political Executives," in M Painter and J

    Pierre, eds, Challenges to State Policy Capacity: Global Trends and Comparative

    Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Columbia Encyclopedia, Spoils system".

    Cooper, Bruce S. and E. Vance Randall (1999). Accuracy or Advocacy? The Politics of

    Research in Education, Corwin Press.

    Daniel E. Lee and Jack A. Garret (2005). Academic Freedom in the Middle and

    Secondary School Classroom, The Cleaning House.

    http://www.noindoctrination.org/clrhse_julaug.pdf

    de Marneffe, Peter (2004). "Government Neutrality toward Conceptions of a Good

    Life: It's Possible and Desirable, But Perhaps Not so Important," March 3, 2004.

    Diermeier, Daniel (2007). Private Politics - A Research Agenda, The Political

    Economist - Newsletter of the Section on Political Economy, American Political

    Science Association, 14(2), 1-3.

    European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2007).

    Industrial Relations in the Public Sector." European Industrial Relations

    Observatory On-line.

    http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/studies/tn0611028s/tn0611028s_1.htm

    Fouch, Gwladys (2008)., 'Teachers in France are angry - Sarkozy treats them with

    scorn', Guardian, October 31.

    Freeman, Greta (2009), "On Being Heard: Ten Strategies for Classroom Teachers,"

    Democracy & Education, 18(2), 40-46.

    http://legacy.lclark.edu/org/journal/objects/freeman.pdf

    Freeman, Richard B. (1986), "Unionism Comes to the Public Sector," Journal of

    Economic Literature, vol. XXIV

    Gelles, Richard J. (2007). The Politics of Research: The use, abuse, and misuse of

    social science data - the Cases of Intimate Partner Violence, Family Court

    Review, 45(1), 42-51.

  • - 19 -

    Glancario, Carol Ann, Stephen W. Blohm and Tim Urdan (2004). Assessing Secondary

    Students' Disposition toward Critical Thinking: Development of the California

    Measure of Mental Motivation, Educational and Psychological Measurement,

    64(2), 347-364.

    Harwood, Doug (2001). The teachers' role in democratic pedagogies in UK primary

    and secondary schools: a review of ideas and research, Research Papers in

    Education, 16(3), 293-319.

    Heaney, Thomas (1996). Politics of Explanation: Ethical Questions in the Production

    of Knowledge, The Researcher, 11(2).

    http://www3.nl.edu/academics/cas/ace/facultypapers/TomHeaney_Politics.cfm

    Hilden, Julie (2008). A Federal Judge Holds that Prohibiting Teachers In Public

    Schools From Wearing Partisan Political Buttons Does Not Violate the First

    Amendment: The Ruling's Reasoning and Why It's Wrong, FindLaw Legal

    News. Http://writ.news.findlaw.com/hilden/20081027.html.

    Hirano, Keiji (2006). Japan: Activists worry free speech being eroded, Japan Times,

    July 22.

    Huber, E. et al. (1997). "The Paradoxes of Contemporary Democracy: Formal,

    Participatory, and Social Dimensions," Comparative Politics, April.

    Huber, Gregory A. (2007). The Craft of Bureaucratic Neutrality: Interests and

    Influence in Governmental Regulation of Occupational Safety, New York:

    Cambridge University Press

    ILO (http://laborsta.ilo.org/STP/guest)

    Jones, Charles O. (1969). "Reevaluating the Hatch Act: A Report on the Commission

    on Political Activity of Government Personnel," Public Administration Review,

    vol. 29, no. 3

    Kaplow, Louis (2005). "Choosing Expensive Tastes," Discussion Paper No. 526, The

    Harvard John M. Olin Discussion Paper Series, Harvard John M. Olin Center for

    Law, Economics, and Business:

    http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/olin_center/

    Kernaghan, Kenneth (1976). "Politics, policy and public servants: political neutrality

    revisited," Canadian Public Administration, vol. 19, issue 3

    Kevin Celuch, Gary Black and Bradley Warthan (2009). Student Self-Identity as a

    Critical Thinker: The Influence of Attitudes, Attitude Strength, and Normative

    Beliefs, Journal of Marketing Education, 31(1), 31-39.

    Klein, Hans (2005). "The Right to Political Participation and the Information Society,"

    A paper presented at Global Democracy Conference, Montreal, May 29 - June

    1.

    Kuhn, Thomas S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University

    of Chicago Press.

    Local Governance(Policy Making and Civil Society) (2007). Local Public Service System

    in Japan. . http://www.soumu.go.jp/english/pdf/lpspsij.pdf.

  • - 20 -

    Martin, Brian (1998). The Politics of Research, London: Freedom Press

    Matheson, Alex, Boris Weber (2007). Nick Manning and Emmanuelle Arnould, Study

    on the Political Involvement in Senior Staffing and on the Delineation of

    Responsibilities between Ministers and Senior Civil Servants, OECD Working

    Papers on Public Governance.

    Navarro, Vicente (2004). The Politics of Health Inequalities Research in the United

    States, International Journal of Health Services, 34(1), 87-99.

    Newman, Barbara M. and Philip R. Newman (1991). Development through Life, 5th

    Edition, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

    Nord, Warren A. (1995). Rethinking indoctrination, Education Week, 14(35), 44-45.

    O'Brien, Kevin M. (1994). "The Impact of Union Political Activities on Public-Sector

    Pay, Employment, and Budgets," Industrial Relations, vol. 33, no. 3

    Oregon Coast Magazine Online, The Spoils System versus the Merit System,"

    http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h965.html.

    Otoya-Knapp, Karian (2004). When Central City High School Students Speak: Doing

    Critical Inquiry for Democracy, Urban Education, 39(2).

    Overseem, Patrick (2005). "The Value of Dichotomy: Politics, Administration, and the

    Political Neutrality of Administration," Administrative Theory & Praxis, vol. 27,

    no. 2,

    Painter, M. and J. Pierre (2005). Challenges to State Policy Capacity: Global Trends

    and Comparative Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillian.

    Pearson, William M. (1978). "The Effect of State Hatch Acts on State Executives'

    Political Activities," Southern Review of Public Administration, vol. 2, issue 2

    Pearson, William M. and David S. Castles (1990). "Political Activity among State

    Executives: The Effect of Hatch Act Repeal," Public Personnel Management, vol.

    19, no. 4

    Pendlebury, Michael (2002). "In Defense of Moderate Neutralism," Journal of Social

    Philosophy, vol. 33, no. 3 (Fall)

    Peters, B. Guy and Jon Pierre (2004). Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative

    Perspective: The Quest for Control, London: Routledge

    Petrina, Stephen (1998). The Politics of Research in Technology Education: A Critical

    Content and Discourse Analysis of the Journal of Technology Education

    Volumes 1-8, Journal of Technology Education, 10(1).

    http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v10n1/petrina.html

    Public Service Research Foundation, "States' Current Rules: Little Hatch Acts,"

    Government Union Review, http://www.psrf.org/gur/hata.jsp

    Reidy, David A. (1998). Accommodating Pluralism: Liberal Neutrality and Compulsory

    Education, A paper presented at the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy.

    Richard J. Arneson (2009). "Liberal Neutrality on the Good: An Autopsy,"

    http://philosophy.uscd.edu/faculty/rarneson

    Rinehart, Jeffrey C. and E. Lee Bernick 1975, "Political Attitudes and Behavior

  • - 21 -

    Patterns of Federal Civil Servants," Public Administration Review, vol. 35, no. 6

    Ruhil, Anirudh V. S. and Pedro J. Camoes (2003). "What lies beneath: The Political

    Roots of State Merit Systems," Journal of Public Administration Research and

    Theory, vol. 13, no. 1.

    Schwemle, Barbara L. (1996). 87153: Hatch Act Amendments: Political Activity and

    the Civil Service, CRS Issue Brief #87153, December 24.

    Singleton, Lianne (). Teaching democracy in the primary school, Discussion

    Papers, Discovering Democracy,

    http://www.abc.net.au/civics/democracy/td_primary.htm.

    Smith, Mark K. (2001). Education for Democracy, Conference: Informal Education

    within a Formal Setting. http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-dem.htm

    Snead, John D. (2001). An Inquiry into the chilling effects of stringent little Hatch Act

    prohibitions, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 21(4), 259-283.

    State Services Commissioner (2008). State Servants, Political Parties and Elections:

    Guidance for the 2008 Election Period, February.

    Theriault, Sean M. 2003, "Patronage, the Pendleton Act, and the Power of the

    People," The Journal of Politics, vol. 65, no. 1

    Transparency International, Annual Report 2007.

    Twiddy, Susan and Jeffrey Leiter (2003). "The Impact of Public Sector Unions on

    Government Operations and Worker Welfare," Research Paper funded by the Z.

    Smith Reynolds Foundation, February 14.

    U.S. Deparment of State (2000). "Japan: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

    1999, " Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, February 23.

    U.S. National Archives & Records Administration (1983). "Pendleton Act"

    http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=48

    United Nations (1976). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

    Warnock, Mary. "The Neutral Teacher,"

    http://www.mightystudents.com/essay/The.Neutral.Teacher.116619

    Willingham, Daniel T. (2007). Critical Thinking: Why is it so hard to teach?, American

    Educator, 31(2), 8-19.

    http://www.aft.org/newspubs/periodicals/ae/summer2007/index.cfm

  • - 22 -

    ( )

    1.

    .5)

    4.19 . , .(272) . . .(271) 6) .7) . 1949 8 12 37 . . ( ) 8) , . , . 1963 6 1 .

    65 ( ) .

    5) , , 9, 1960, 9. 6)

    . , , , 3, 1962, 5.7) , , 2010, 938 .8)

    , , ( 45 1 3), .

  • - 23 -

    .

    1. 2. 3. 4.

    5.

    1 2 . .

    66 ( ) . , .

    1 300 (66) . . , . , . (2004), (2004), (2009) . () , . .

    2.

    2.1. . - -

  • - 24 -

    , .9) .10) ( 71) , , .11) . .

    , ( ), , ( ), , ( ), ( ) , .12)

    . , - - . , . . . , , . ., . , 13) .

    9) , 64-65. 10) , 2010, 230; , 2008, 1000 11) , , 23 2, 2009, 411

    .12) 1995.05.25, 9167

  • - 25 -

    , , 14) . . - - . , . ., . 15) , . , 16) . , , . ., . . .17) . .18) , , . . = .

    13) , , 18, 1975, 28.14)

    .

    15) , 41316) , 41417) , , 29, 2005, 31718) 419

  • - 26 -

    . ., , . , , . 7 , , . .

    2.2. . . , . . 1960 . . , . , .19) . , .20)

    19) , 12-3.20) , 4

  • - 27 -

    . , 21) . . . .22) . .23) . .24) . , . , 25) . . , , .26) .

    , (, ) . , () (die Verfassungstreuephlicht)

    21) , 622)

    . .

    23) , 11. .

    24) 1225) , , 31726) 326

  • - 28 -

    , .27)

    2009 6 () 28) . . (1883) (1939, 1940) , ( ) . , 29) .30)

    2.3. . - - . ,31) . , . . . , 32)

    27) , 327. 28) 2010. 2. 25. , 20092786, 20092259, 20094126() .

    . , , 35, 2010 .

    29) , - -, , 32, 2006 . 3 .

    30) . 5 U.S.C.A. 7323,7324: , , 264 .

    31) , , 119, 2010, 71-232) 2004. 3. 25, 2001710

  • - 29 -

    . . , () , . . 2 27 2 ( ) . . , , . . . , . , () , .

    27 2 . 75 2 .33)

    , . , . , . , ,

    33) , 33( 4,293 6 10), 23. 75 . . .

  • - 30 -

    , ( ) - - . , , . , , , .

    3.

    3.1. . . 1949 .(37) . . . , 1963 7 . (1), (2), (4) . . 9( ) ( ) . . , , , ,

  • - 31 -

    , , .(, 60, 86, 87 ) ., . , , , . , . . , .34) . . ( - ), . , . . , . , . . . . . . .

    34) ,

  • - 32 -

    . . - - . . . , . . . . . . .35) .

    ( ) . , . . , , , .36)

    372 .

    35) 651 . .

    36) 2008. 5. 29. 20061096 . 86 1 2, 255 1 10 86 1 2 . . , .

  • - 33 -

    81 211 , , . 372 .37)

    3.2. , . , .38) .

    . 651( , ) . . 2 5 . . , . , .( ) 861 1 7 . , . 4 3 . ,

    37) . , -, , - .( . )

    38) , . . , , , , , . , , 2002 6/7 .

  • - 34 -

    . . () . 65 , 65 . , . . 4 3 .39) ( ), 81 . . , 22 .( 22 , . , . )

    4. .40) . ., , . , . ( ) - - . , -()-

    39) .

    40) , , 243

  • - 35 -

    . . - . . , . ( ) . ., , . - , , .( , .41)) . , . , . ( ) .

    41) . .

  • - 36 -

    () ! --- ---

    ( )

    1.

    . . 1948 , . 60 . . , , , , . .42) , , . , . 2010 5 189 5~1 189 ( 3-50 ), 1700 . ? . ? , . .

    42) . , Nonet-Selznik. , .

  • - 37 -

    , (, , , ) . . .

    [] 8( ) . , 31( )1 22( ) . , [] 22( ) . , .1. 2( ) 2( ) . , , , , , , , , 14( )12 .2. 3. .

    , . . . 1 . 3 ? ? , , . , . () . , , .

  • - 38 -

    2. ?

    .

    [] 53( ) 90 . , .1. 2( ) 2( ) . , 22( )11 ( ) .2. 3. 4. 413 100 50 ( ) 5. 6. 2() 7. 2212 8. 9. ( , )

    [] , 90 , . 53 . . . ? .43)

    43) . , ( 9,

  • - 39 -

    . [] ( 7 2, 65, 22 ) . 1 ( ) . 10 1 . , . . . . .

    ( ) (1989.9.8. 886) , . . ---- , , .

    20 3), ( 15 2) . , , . , .(2001710, 2004.3.25) .

  • - 40 -

    ? . 7 . 7 , . . . 4.19 . 60 27 . . . .

    . [] .

    37(1949.8.12) .

    37(1961.9.18) .

    37 1963. 6.1 65 66 . .

    65 ( ) . .1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2 .

  • - 41 -

    .

    66 ( ) . , .

    . , .

    7 , . .

    5 , . .

    6 61 5.16 26 . . . . . . .

    5.16 3 , . 3 2 27 1 6 2 . . 3 31 4 , , . . 1963. 12.27 27 . 31 . , 3 ,

  • - 42 -

    . 50 . . . [ ], [ ] 4( .) 3( .) .

    3.

    . , , . . . . , . , . . . ! ? , ,

  • - 43 -

    . . . , . 8 . . . , .

    , . . . . . . , , . .

    , . , . , (, , ) . , , .

  • - 44 -

    ( )

    1.

    - , . , ( 5 ) .

    2.

    - 65 27 , . - , . - . , . - 8 22 , 22 . -

  • - 45 -

    . - , 8 ( 22( ) ) ,- 22 .

    - , , . 2004 . - . . - , . - . , . , , .

    - ( ) 31 2 . - , . - , . - ,

  • - 46 -

    . - , - () , , . - , ( ) .

  • - 47 -

    . ?

    : /

    ( )

    11 . .

    31 .

    11 . 31 , , , .( .

    . , .

    1) 2010 ? 15 KBS

    2) , ?

    1. : . ?

    / . . .

    -- ( )

  • - 48 -

    31 .

    20 , .

    6( ) , .

    6( ) .

    65( ) . .

    592( ) . 1 .

    , . , .

    , , . . . .

    , ?

    2. 1 ~ , 5~1

  • - 49 -

    ()

    2008-4

    2008-04-07 1,000,000 2008-03-15 500,000 / 2008-03-12 1,000,000 2008-03-12 1,000,000

    () 2008-2 2,100,000

    () 2008-2 2,100,000

    () 2008-2 2,100,000

    2005-8~10 6,600,000 2005-8~10 500,000 20 2005-11 2,000,000 2005-08

    ( )

    () 2008-11-07 1,000,000 2008-04-08 2,900,000 2008-04-15 5,000,000 2008-04-03 5,000,000 2008-04-01 3,100,000 2008-04-01 3,100,000 2008-03-17 5,000,000 2007-12-27 2,000,000 2005-12-06 3,000,000 2005-06-14 5,000,000 2006-5~12 1,500,000 2005-6~8 1,500,000

    1,900 2011 . , , .

    ( )

  • - 50 -

    () ()

    2005 4,000,000 2008 5,000,000 2008 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000 2009 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000

    2010 , , , (), , , , () , , 300~500 . 16 6,900 .

    2008-05-15 5,000,000 () 2004-09-16 1,000,000

    2004-12-06 5,000,000 2004-12-08 1,000,000 () 2006-02-17 3,000,000 () 2005-04-28 2,000,000

    . 1 500 ? 1 , 500 ?

    => , 1 ?

    3.

    , . 2010 , , 16 6,900 . . ?

  • - 51 -

    () 2007 4,800,000 2008 4,800,000 2009 4,800,000 2010 4,800,000 2007 2,600,000 () 2008 5,000,000 2010 5,000,000

    2006-11-29 5,000,000 2008-07-23 5,000,000 () 2008-04-14 2,000,000 () 2008-10-22 2,900,000 () 2004-04-09 2,980,000(4) 2006-07-21 3,000,000 () 2007-10-29 5,000,000 2009-04-24 5,000,000 2008-03-31 5,000,000 2005-06~08 1,500,000(3) 2006-05~12 2,500,000 2007-11-06 3,000,000 2006-09~12 4,000,000(4) 2008-12-08 5,000,000 () 2004-11~12 2,000,000(2) () 2005-01~02 2,500,000 () 2004-11-23 2,000,000 2007-09-13 2,000,000 2007-07-04 5,000,000 2005-07-29 5,000,000 2008-04-07 5,000,000 2007-09~12 2,000,000 2008-02-27 5,000,000 2008-03-04 5,000,000 2009-03-04 5,000,000 () 2004-04-09 2,000,000 2009-01-22 5,000,000 2008-01~28 4,800,000(12) 2007-01~12 2,600,000 2007-01~12 4,800,000(12) 2009-01-28 3,200,000(8) 2004-09~12 2,000,000(2)... ... ... ... ... ... ...

    . , . ?

    (

  • - 52 -

    ) . ?" . 260, 1,920 . (2010 ) .

    . . 500 1 .

    => , ?

    4. Vs

    , . 8( ), 96( ), 6( ) .( , .)

    1993 .) 17 ( ) . .(1993 )

    KBS, MBC , , , PD, , , . 1993 ( ) YS , .

  • - 53 -

    1. () OECD , . () , . 2 , . .

    , . .....

    () . . . , .

    => () , ?

    5. ) (2007 6 7) :

    , .

    => , , ? ?

  • - 54 -

    ' ' :

    - ( )

    . . , , . . . . , , . . .

    , . 2008 2008 2009 , 2010 2011 , ' '. ' '. ' , ' .

    '' . . , . , , . , ' ' ,

  • - 55 -

    . . . .

    '' ''

    , ? , . , . , . , , . ?

    , . ' ' , ' ', ' ', ' ' . . , , . , .

    ? . J. . . . . , , , . .

  • - 56 -

    . . . , . 43 518 . . ' ' , .

    2 ' . ' ' ' ' ' ' , ' ', ' ' . . '' , .

    ' '

    , . , ( ) . . ' ' , ' ' ' ' .

    . , , , , . ,

  • - 57 -

    , . . '' '' , , .

    . 16 , 18 . . , . , .

  • - 58 -

    /

    ,

    , ,

    3 , .

    , , ,

    1: /

    1) : 1) . 2) 3) Obama 4) UN : 2) NAP 5) (2006 NAP)3) , 6) 4) 7) , 5) , 8) -- ( )6) (2011 2 18)9) ()7) 1) / 1998 .2) /

    .........................................................................................................................

    1) : , . ( ).

  • - 59 -

    .

    .

    1) .

    2007 6 " " .

    , , . .

    , , . , .

    . , . . , .

    . .

  • - 60 -

    " OECD , .

    , ."

    15

    (2002~2005): 628

    16 (2005~2009)

    : 614

    Erzieher/innen () 3 0.5% 3 0.5%Erzieher/innen in Kindertageseinrichtungen() 1 0.2% 1 0.2%Lehrer/innen() 6 1.0% 4 0.7%Gymnasiallehrer/innen() 36 5.7% 34 5.5%Grundschullehrer/innen() 17 2.7% 10 1.6%Hauptschullehrer/innen() 7 1.1% 5 0.8%Realschullehrer/innen() 11 1.8% 8 1.3%Gesamtschullehrer/innen() 1 0.2% 1 0.2%Sonderschullehrer/innen() 4 0.6% 3 0.5%Lehrer/innen an der Berufsbildenden Schule() 12 1.9% 10 1.6%Sportlehrer/innen, allgemein() 2 0.3% 1 0.2%Lehrer/innen in der erwachsenen-und Fortbildung( ) 1 0.2% 1 0.2%

    101 16.1% 81 13.2% Jurist(en/innen)[] 130 20.7% 143 23.3%

    , .

    , (impartiality) , .

    , . .

    .

    2) (: , )

    16 (Deutscher Bundestag) 614 (143,23.3%), (81, 13.2%), (28, 4.6%) .(15 101,16.1%) , , .

  • - 61 -

    3) Obama

    ) Time (2008 11 26) 2008 NEA(National Education Association, ) 5 ( 600)

    ) New-York Times (2011 5 6) 2012 NEA (endorsement)

    , . , 2008 2012 .

    , .

  • - 62 -

    . ()6. ()

    76. . '()' , , , , ...........................()...........................80. , , . , ' ILO UNESCO (Joint ILO and UNESCO Recommendation by the Committee of Experts on theApplication of Recommendations Concerning Teaching Personnel)' , " . , " , ,

    4) UN :

    ) UN UN Mission tothe Republic of Korea

    2010 5 UN() 2011 6 UN , .

    , , , . . .

  • - 63 -

    , ." . , 2008 5 29 " " , .

    VI. F. ,

    100. , , , .

    . UN , UN .

    2) NAP ().

  • - 64 -

    2007-2011 (NAP) 1. 1-3. : (65 1) (9)

    2006 1, '(NAP: National Action Plans for the Promotion andProtection of Human Rights)' 2007 2011 ' ' .

    5) (2006 NAP)

    , / . 2011.

    3) , 2010 11 .

    , . 2007 , , , , .

  • - 65 -

    - 2010 11" " () 4.

    (1) : . NEA() AFT() .(......)

    (2) : , . (......)

    (3) :

    ) (NARS: National Assembly Research Service) 22 3 . .

    6)

  • - 66 -

    . .(......)

    (4) : . (......)

    " " . , .

    , .

    , .

    86 1 2

    4) 2008 .2006 531 , 86 .

    " " . , " " .

    , .

    7) ,

  • - 67 -

    (20061096) 2008.5.29 ( ) , ' ' . . ...... , .

    ' ' , . (= .)

    31 .

    20 , .

    6( ) , .

    6( ) .

    65( ) .

    592( ) . 1

    5) , : / . / . . .

    8) -- ( )

  • - 68 -

    .

    .

    :

    3( ) 2011.2.18 4( )

    31 4 , .

    , . , .

    , , . . . . .

    6) (2011 2 18) 4( ) 2 28 3 3 .

    , , , ... , .... . 21 1 .

    9) ()

  • - 69 -

    .

    ( ) , , . 21 3 , .

    . .

    7) , ." ... . . ..... , . ( ...)

    ( ) .

    . .

    /

  • - 70 -

    , .

    ( ), , 500 .

    .

    1) / 1998 2011 1998 ( ) . DJP 1998 1999 .

    13 , DJP 2011 UN . , , / .

    ) 1998~1999 /

  • - 71 -

    ) 1993 / .YS .

    YS .

    () .

  • - 72 -

    . . , .

    2)

    1990 3 10 ( ) . , .

    2002 3 ( ) " ... . . ..... , .

    2007 7

    07 ( ) - 8 - ,

    2010 10 100 ( .. ) 10 12 . 100 .

    => ) 20 .

  • - 73 -

    2 :

    1.

    . (1) 8144), 65445), 2746)(2) 2247), 651, 27

    44) 8( ) . , 31( )1 22( ) .

    45) 65( ) .

    . 1. 2. ()() 3. 4. , 5. 1 2 ,

    . 3 , , ,

    .

    46) 27( ) 65 1 .

    1. 2. 3. 1 1 1

    . 1. 2.

    3.

    4.

    47) 22( ) . , .

    1. 2( ) 2( ) , , , , , , , , 14( )12 .

  • - 74 -

    (3) 601448)

    . (1) 6649) 350)(2) 871551)

    2.

    .

    48) 60( ) . , 1 4 8 .

    1. 2. (19 . ) 3. 18( )1 4. 2( ) 2( )

    . , 22( )11 ( ) .

    49) 66( ) . ,

    50) 3( ) ( ) .

    51) 87( ) (

    ) .

    1. 2. 53( )14 6 3. , , 4. (

    )5. 6. ( "" ) ,

    ,

    7. 8.

  • - 75 -

    1 2009.11.26.

    . ( 20061096) ( 81).

    2 2010.11.30.

    . 10 ( 312 ).

    1 2010.2.23.

    . . , 72 . .

    (1)

    (2) 22

    (3)

  • - 76 -

    1 2009.11.26.

    .

    ( 20061096) .

    , 65 , .

    2 2011.3.7.

    .

    ( 3).

    1 2009.11.26.

    , , ( 661).

    .

    (1)

    3

    (2)

  • - 77 -

    10078

    : 2010. 11. 30. : (12)

    ( )

    2004 3 12 ,

    , , , .

    . 1) 30

    ( 5 17).2)

    ( 12).3) 3 10 30

    , ( 16).4) 10

    ( 312 ).5)

    ( 32).

  • - 78 -

    6) ( 42).7) ( 6

    ) 60 ( ) , ( ) , ( 6 ) ( 422 ).8)

    , 1 10 ( 422 ).9)

    ( 422 ).10)

    ( 422 ).11)

    ( 422 ).12)

    ( 442).

    . 1) 3 1

    ( 112 ).2) 3, 1 5

    ( 222 ).3) 1 100 40

    , 2, 1 (222 ).4)

    ( ) . , ( 112 222 ).5) ,

    ( 112 222 ).6) ( 222 ).7) ( 59).

    . 1) ( 6).2) () 1

  • - 79 -

    6728

    : 2009. 11. 26. :

    (11)

    ( 11).3) 150(

    300) ( 12 13).4) ( ) 100 50

    ( 132 ).5) 100 50

    ( 132 ).6) ,

    ( 132 ).7)

    ( 132 ).8) ( 20

    ).9)

    ( 34 41).. 1) ( 56

    2 ).2)

    ( 562 ).3) 5

    ( 563 ).4)

    , ( 52).

    ( )

    . ( 20061096) ( 81).

  • - 80 -

    7669

    : 2010. 2. 23. : (12)

    ( )

    .

    . , 72 .

    , , , , , , , , , .

    .

    , , ( 221).

    ( 7670) ( 7671) .

  • - 81 -

    6725

    : 2009. 11. 26. : (14)

    ( )

    .

    ( 20061096) .

    , .

    . , ( 571, 5725).

    . ( 20061096) , , ( 572).

    . , , ( 581).

  • - 82 -

    6727

    : 2009. 11. 26. :

    (14)

    ( )

    .

    ( 20061096) .

    .

    . , ( 651, 6525).

    . ( 20061096) , , ( 652).

    . 651 3 , 4 (654 ).

    . , , ( 661).