كورس انجليزي الاول

7/21/2019 كورس انجليزي االول

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Level 1 [ youssef] (H.K.)

The English Alphabet

نجل ية بجدية ف

و

ا ر

Aa ايھ , Bb ي , Cc , Dd , Eeدي إي , Ff اف , Gg , Hh ا ش , Ii ي , Jj جيھ , Kk , كيھ

Ll إل , Mm ام , Nn ان , Oo أوه , Pp ي , Qq كيو , Rr ر , Ss اس , Tt ي , Uu و

يو , Vv ,

Ww دابليو , Xx اكس , Yy واي , Zz د

ز

(vowels)ا روف املتحركة : أما بقية ا روف ف ساكنة a e i o uهم ،(consonants).

. ف بال تب الستخدام أي قاموس

و

هذه ا ر ي حفظ

ر

و

ومن الضر

H.W1 و ابيغ ال بجدية ف

و

اكتب ا ر ( كراس) ف الكب ة والصغ ة

و

ل تب با ر

الواجب)

2: اخراج معا ي ال لمات التالية من القاموس ع ن

اتمر (box____, play____,

escape_____,

(H.K.) [ youssef]

Personal Pronouns [ youssef] الضمائر ال خصي

Singular (H.K.)

Iأنا

You انت ،أنت

He he, she, it = third singular) هو

She

It (ا ماد و ا يوان) هو و لغ العاقل

Plural

We نحن

1



You انتما ،انتم ،أن ن

They غ و و / و املؤنث (جمع املذكر و / هم

العاقل)

H.W. What are the personal pronouns?

كراس الواجماهم الضمائر ال صية؟ اكت م مع معان م

لمات تصادفك ،اكت ا مرة والكتاب مفتوح ثم مرة غيبا لتحفظ ال ل دايما احفظ

spelling.اديج قطنلا ركذ و وحسن خطك (ست ا )

Pronunciation of Some Letters [ youssef]

ف

و

� عض ا ر قواعد نطق

B (ةتماص ن

(تكو حيانا ال تنطق (lambكما مل) .الم

C 1 ( قطنت

� عدها :e , i , yلو أ ى وسطا ،وذلك مثل أول ال لمة أو انت سوا

nice ، (حسن) سن (مركز) .centreنا س

حرف خر ماعدا تنطق ) 2 � عدها أي (دورة) ،cycle،مثل hلو جا (قطة)catساي ل ات

،crime. (ةم رج) كرايم

مزدوجة) أم3 :(cc)لو جا ت و ك والثانية حسب القواعد السابقة ،مثل ،acceptتنطق

، (لبقي) (ي م) .accuseأكست أكيوز

� عده) أما4 : hلو جا ش مثل أ) تنطق :chalk:لثم ك قطنتو (ب . (شابط) شوك

chemistry:لثم ش قطنتو (ج كيميا ) . ) (ماكينة) .machineكمس ي ماش ن

:و حيانا تنطق ) 5 (محيط)oceanمثل أوشن

: ن صامتة مثل

(عضالت) .musclesوأحيانا ال تنطق وت و ماصلز

G 1 ( قطنت ةماع ةفصب goldكما ، ذهب) ) � عدها jلك ا تنطقجولد , e , iلو أ ى

yلثمEgyptian،edge.

2



(التنطق) ،مثل اية ال لم �n , thعدهالو ى) أما2 ن صامتة

(عالمة أوsignفت و ساين

، (ةر

ل).lengthاشا

(طو لنث

� عدها) أما3 أ) تنطق ف مثلhلو ى :enoughلثم قطنت ال وأ (ب (يكفي) . highاناف

، (اع) (مستقيم) .straightهاي إس يت

H طني ال انايح (ساعة) hour،كما (أم ن).honestأور أو ست

K طنت الاهدع � ل ال لمة مثلnإذا جا

(سكينة) . knifeأو نايف

L طنت التابيك لا ا ف لا تامل لا ضع � alk , alf , ouldلثمchalk،(شابط) شوك

half ، (فصن) (ممكن) .couldهاف [ youssef]ود

N � عد تنطال إذا جا ت

mمثل

column(عمود) . والم

P طنت ال انايح � عدهاpsychologyكما فتنطق ف مثل hساي ولو ، أما لو جا

phosphor. فسفور

S 1( قطنتلثم ن كرحتم ن فرح ن ب ت اج ولrose، (ةدرو) (مرض)disease،روز ديز ز

سث ى هذه القاعدولكن لمة مثلdisمن بداية د س أب (يختفي) .disappearملا تأ ي

.usuallyمثل jو حيانا تنطق)2

و حيانا تنطق )3

مثل

sugar� عد (سكر) ،وخاصة لو أ ى شوجر

hمثل

fish.(كمس) فش

و حيانا ال تنط)4 (جز رة) .islandكما يالند

T 1( قطنتاهدع � (حركة) .actionمثلionإذا أ ى أكشن

2( (طبيعة) .natureمثلو حيانا تنطق نيشر

و حيانا ال تنط)3 ا) وoftenكمار

(مرا ( ستمع) .listenأوفن لسن

� عدها4 (فم) وmouthأو ذ مثلتنطق (hوإذا جا (أب) .fatherماوس فازر

W أول ال لمة و ال ينط عدهإذا جا

r أو

h مث

write، (بتكي) رايت

who .(نم) هوو

X ج � عده حرف متحرك مثل ينطق اجزاكت (بالضبط) .exactlyلو أ ى

لمات هامة ومعان ا

Important words and their meanings [ youssef]

ا ياة عامة ومبو ة و مجمعة معا ستخدام لمات كث ة :ون نأخذ

3



H.W. ( ا تس ي حفظم جيدا جدا ،النطق مع املعا ي مع

ر

و

] )] youssefضر

It is very important to study them by heart, their pronunciation, meanings and

their spelling. (H.K.)

Times of the day وقات اليوم : dawn (day-break) الفجر , sunrise ق الشمس

و

شر ,

morning الصباح , noon الظر , afternoon � عد الظر , sunset ب الشمس

و

غر ,

eveningاملسا

, nightالليل

, midnightنصف الليل

// today(ا اردة) اليوم

,

tonight هذه الليلة , tomorrow غدا , tomorrow night ليال

غدا

Week days [ youssef] سبوع يام : Monday , Tuesdayثن ن , Wednesdayالثالثا

عر

, Thursday ا مس , Friday ا معة , Saturday الست , Sunday حد

Monthsالشور

: Januaryيناير

, February ف اير , March

مارس

, April أبر ل ,

May مايو , June يونية , July يولية , August أغسطس , September متس ,

October أكتو ر , November مفون , December مس د . (H.K.)

سبوع و ل الشور دايما يكتبوا بالحظ ن Capital ل أيام .مما ا ملة موقعم ن

Seasons [ youssef] ل)

(الفصو : املواسم spring الر يع , summer الصيف , autumn

(fall) ا ر ف , winter

الشتا

Cardinal Numbers صلية : عداد One 1 , two 2 , three 3 , four 4 , five 5 ,

six 6 , seven 7, eight 8 , nine 9 , ten 10 , eleven 11 , twelve 12 , thirteen 13 ,

fourteen 14 , fifteen 15 , sixteen 16 , seventeen 17 , eighteen 18 , nineteen 19 ,

twenty 20 , twenty-one 21 , twenty- two 22 .. .. twenty nine 29 , thirty 30 , forty

40 , fifty 50 , sixty 60 , seventy 70 , eighty 80 , ninety 90 , one hundred 100 ,

4



one hundred and one 101 , one hundred and two 102 , two hundred and one

201 , one thousand 1000 , one thousand and one 1001 , one million (A

million) 1000000 , two millions , one billion (A billion) .

Ordinal numbers [ youssef] : عداد ال تيية

والحظ أننا البد دائما أن نضع ، ةقباسلا دادع .theوهنا سنكتب بنفس ترتب أوال

The first ل

و , the second اثلاي , --- third الثالث , --- fourth الرا� ع ,

--- fifth ا امس , sixth السادس , seventh السا� ع , eightth , ninth , tenth , eleventh

, twelfth , thirteenth , fourteenth , fifteenth , sixteenth , seventeenth , eighteenth

, nineteenth , twentieth , twenty-first , twenty-second , twenty-ninth , thirtieth ,

fortieth , fiftieth , sixtieth , seventieth , eightieth , ninetieth , hundredth ,

hundred and first , hundred and second , two hundred and first , thousandth ,

thousand and first , the millionth , the two millionth , the billionth , the last خ

, the last but one خ قبل .

Onceمرة

, twice = two timesمرت ن , thrice = three times

ثالث مرات

, four times

ع مرار

تأ , hundred times مئة مرة .

Double أضعاف , triple 3الضعف , quadruple 4اعضأ , five fold 5اعضأ , the

centuple مئة ضعف .

A quarter = one fourth عر

, one third ثلث , half نصف .

[ youssef] (H.K.) Family and kindred العائلة وقار

Father أب Mother أم Son ابن Girl بت

Daughter ابنة Brother أخ Sister أخت Boy ولد

Husband ج

و

ز Wife جة

و

ز Baby ضيع

ر

Man جل

ر

Child طفل Aunt ، ةمع

خالة

Uncle ، مع

خال

Woman امرأة

5



[ youssef] Food ل

Meals وجبات Oil تز

Fruits فواكھ Barley عش

Grains حبوب Breakfast فطار Lunch غدا Potato بطاطس

Supper عشا Bread خ Wheat قمح Flour دقيق

Honey عسل

أبيض

Olive ن

توز

Grapes عنب Salad سلطة

Milk ل ن Rice ز

أر Water ما Pickles مخلل

Translation : Write the English meaning of the following wordsH.W.اكتب املع ى

تية نجل ي لل لمات

يناير عر

اتن ن

مرات ع ر

أ جة

و

ز الرا� ع

أم الثالثا ن

توز

ج

و

ز الصباح الضعف

أخت

اخ

أب

Write the Arabic meaning of the following words

تية اكتب املع ى العر ي لل لمات

Honey Child Twelve

The fifth Baby Wednesday

Aunt Five fold Summer

Pickles Twice August

One third rice Autumn

--- : ل الواجب

: 1كشكو ف

و

اكتب قواعد نطق ا ر (G, L, S, T

2. وشور السنة واملواسم سبوع ) اكتب أيام

6



7




:معا

مجمعة

ة و

ومبو

عامة

حياة

ا

ستخدام

ة

كث

لمات

نأخذ

ن

H.W. ( ا تس ي حفظم جيدا جدا ،النطق مع املعا ي مع

ر

و

)(H.K.)ضر

It is very important to study them by heart, pronunciation, meanings and

spelling.

The human body (H.K.) سان جسم

Head الرأس Hair الشعر Nose نف Beard ية

Eye ع ن Ear أذن Mouth فم Teeth أسنان

Hand يد Leg جل

ر

Back ظر Tongue لسان

Face وجھ Skin جلد Fingers أصا� ع Jaw فك

Soul نفس Blood دم Spirit ح

و

ر Lips شفايف

Traveling سفال

Airplane طائرة Train قطار Passport جواز

سفر

Vacant اخ

Ticket تذكرة Arrival ل

الوصو Departure الرحيل Brake فرامل

Directionاتجاه

Classدرجة

Speedسرعة

Tyre او ش

Customs ا مرك Inquiries استعالمات Office مكتب Ship سفينة

Occupations [ youssef] وظائف

Teacher س

ر

مد Engineer مندس Doctor ر

دكتو Soldier ي

عسكر

Judge اق Actor ممثل Lawyer محامي Driver سائق

Continents (H.K.) ات

ر

القا

Africa أفر قيا America أمر ا Europe أورو ا

4



Australia أس اليا Asia سيا

Countries and nationalities ل وا جسيات

الدو

Egypt مصر Egyptian ي

مصر America أمر ا American أمر ا ي

Palestine فلسط ن Palestinian يطسلف Syria سور ا Syrian ي

ر

سو

Jordan دن

ر

Jordanian د ير

أ England انجل ا English انجل ي

France فر سا French رف China الص ن Chinese يص

Germany أملانيا German أملا ي Greece اليونان Greek يونا ي

Post office مكتب ال يد

Letterجواب

Stampطا� ع

Postageأجرة

Sampleعينة

Fee اجرة Envelope ظرف Sender الراسل Form ة

ر

استما

Banking (H.K.) عمال البنوك

Cheque شيك Account حساب Deposit ود عة Rate معدل

Client عميل Loss ة

ر

خسا Profit مكسب Loan سلفة

Interest فائدة Capital أسمال

ر

Withdraw ب Broker سمسار

Virtues and vices الفضائل والرذائ

Patience ص Wisdom حكمة Faith ايمان Wise حكيم

Fear خوف Lying كذب Envy حسد Fool جاهل

Architecture ة)معمر

ار(عما (H.K.)

House م ل Room غرفة Bricks طوب Design تصميم

Columnعمود

Steelصلب

Concreteخرسانة

Buildingمب ى

Homonyms. املع ى ولك ا مختلفة النطق وال ا و لمات مشا ة :

Coarse خشن Course [ youssef] ر

اسات ،مقر

ر

د

Pray (H.K.) صي Prey فرسة ،غنيمة

Lesson س

ر

د Lessen يقلل ،يخفض

Quiet هادئ ،ساكت Quite ائيا ، امامت

To sailيبحر

For saleللبيع

5



Lightning ق ،اضا ة

بر Lightening تخفيف

Might ة ،قوةر

قد Mite عثة

Precede سبق Proceed يخرج من ،ينثق

Sealing ختم Ceiling سقف

Stare يبحل Stair سلمة

Principal ئس ،ناظر

ر

Principle أي

ر

، أدبم

Site موقع ،موضع Sight منظر ،مشد

Tail ذيل Tale قصة

Synonyms . ب

ر

لك ا لا مع ى متقا النطق وال ا و لمات مختلفة :

Current [ youssef] أو كر ا تيار ما Draught هوا تيار

Fingers اليأصا� ع Toes أصا� ع القدم

Habit عادة فردية Custom عادة جماعية

Shade (ال رمثال) ظل Shadow ظل ،خيال

Peel (برتقالة) يقشر

Pare (تفاحة) يكشط

Mobile متنقل Movable متحرك

Childish صيا ي ،تافھ Childlike طفال ي

ز � سيط

Make عمل ،يصنع Do (H.K.) عمل

� عض ال لمات ال يأ ي قبلا --- هنا أن نذكر doو عض ال لمات ال يأ ي قبلاmakeوجيد

.

Make : - a mistake , - a decisionخطأ , - a pizzaقرار , - noiseبي ا , - plansدوشة .خطط

Do : - your homework , - some shoppingواجب , - me a favorشرا ف

و

.معر

Prefixes and suffixes واللواحق السوابق

6



س ى البداية س ىprefixوكث من ال لمات يضاف إل ا جز ال اية أو جز

suffix.

Prefixes --- : [ youssef]أي السوابق مثل

Bi (two) ex: bicycle اجة

ر

/ .د Re (again ,تا ي back ظ ،عوج

ر

) ex: return يرجع

Tele (from far away � عيد من ) ex: television ن

, telegraphتليفز و .تلغراف

Under (insufficient ا غ) ex: underpay , underfedيدفع أقل . غذي أقل

Over (more than ) ex: overloadأك من , overtimeحمل أك من اض الوقت

Fore (before ) ex: foretellقبل قبل حدوثيخ بال .

--Some prefixes give the meaning of negation, like: :لثم يفنلا يطع � عض السوابق

Im ex: impossible / غ ممكن ،مستحيل Dis ex: disconnect / يفصل ،يفك وصلة

Un ex: unbelievable / ال يمكن تصديقھ Mis ex: misunderstand / . فم

Ir ex: irresistible / ال يمكن مقاومتھ In ex: inactive / غ شيط Il ex: illegal رش غ

Suffixes ت و ن اسما --- ستخدم لا قحاوللا ل وذلك مثل : أي اللواحق

: وذلك مثل ،باتكلا اذه سم أيضا

ر

ف وسوف ند

و

وصفات وظر

-an, ian ex: Egyptian, American (يرصم ،ي رمأ) / -able ex: readable (ھتئارق نكمي)

-ness (kindness) طيبة , -ship (friendship) , -hood (childhood)صداقة طفولة , -ry

(bakery) (اجنماعية) , -ism (socialism)خباز , -ist (scientist)اش اكية , -ionعالم

(invention) , -ation (information)اخ اع , -ance (ignorance)معلومات , -encyجل

(presidency) ئاسة

ر

, -r (maker) صا ع , -er / -ar / -or (actor) . ممثل

Translation : Write the English meaning of the following wordsH.W.ى عملا بتكا

تينجل ي لل لمات

مندس أمر ا ي

مصر

معمار فايدة طا� ع

يد للبيع شعر

وجھ يمكن قرائتھ فرامل

اجة

ر

د طيبة سلفة

7



Write the Arabic meaning of the following words

تية اكتب املع ى العر ي لل لمات

House Tele African

Profit Blood China

Wisdom Direction Lawyer

Unbelievable Form Fee

lesson letter Europe

Time (الوقت) الساعة

مثال وليكن من الساعة السا� عة إ الساعة الثامنة ،ةعاسلا ركذ ةق رط ذخأنس

. ل خمس دقائق وذلك بالطر قت ن ال يطانية ومر كية ونذكرها

British [ youssef] American (H.K.) In #s ي

باملصر

Seven o'clock Seven o'clock 7:00 السا� عة

Five past seven Seven five 7:05 وخمسسا� عة

Ten past seven Seven ten 7:10 سا� عة وعشرة

Fifteen past seven Seven fifteen 7:15 سا� عة ور ع

Twenty past seven Seven twenty 7:20 سا� عة وتلت

Twenty five past seven Seven twenty five 7:25 سا� عة ونص إال

خمسة

Half past seven Seven thirty 7:30 سا� عة ونص

Thirty five past seven Seven thirty five 7:35 سا� عة ونص

وخمسة

Twenty to eight Seven forty (H.K.) 7:40 إال تلتمانية

Fifteen to eight Seven forty five 7:45 تمانية إال ر ع

8



Ten to eight Seven fifty 7:50 تمانية إال عشرة

Five to eight Seven fifty five 7:55 تمانية إال خمسة

Eight o'clock Eight o'clock 8:00 تمانية

So If someone asks: لو حد سأل

What time is it? ما الوق / Or أو / What is the time now? ن هو الوقت ما

We answer saying: [ youssef] نجاوب قائل ن

It is .. هو / / Orالوقت The time is .. هو هو.. /Or / The time now isالوقت ن الوقت

H.W. ل دقائق 5كراس الواجب ،اكتب باالنجل ي با روف و األرقام أوقات الساعة

6:00إ5:35منو12:30إ12 من الساعة

Write the time every 5 minutes from 12 to 12:30 and from 5:35 to 6:00

Prepositions [ youssef] ف ا جر

و

حر

جمل ،ثم مثلة � عض ا مع معان ا ،ثم اصطالحات ثابتة � عض حروف ا ر سنأخذ

ف جر مختلفة فيتغ املع ى

و

لمات تأ ي مع حر .سنأخذ جمل وأيضا أمثلة عل ا

ان (والت ى) و رجا ن someoneن اختصارنذكر

.soسيكو

نsomethingواختصار

.sthسيكو

At (H.K.)

At present الوقت ا اضر At the moment هذه ال ظة

At first ل

و - last خر

- least ع قل - most ك ع

- once التو ،حاال - hand ل اليد

متناو

Look at إ رظني Gaze (stare) at يبحلق

Surprised atاندهش من

Shocked -صدم ب

9



Amazed - ب من Astonished - اندهش ، ب

Good - وس Bad - وحش

Excellent - (H.K.) ممتاز Brilliant - المع

Clever - ذ ي Slow - بطئ

Quick - سرع Hopeless - فيھ جا

ر

ال

Pleased - سعيد ب Angry - غضبان من

Laugh - ع ك ي Smile - يبسم ل

: جمل نقول صطالحات هذه فمثال لوضع

Look t this [ youssef] هذا إ رظنأ

She is busy t the moment هذه ال ظا ا مشغولة

He is good (excellent, bad, .. ..) t English نجل ي وس هو

--- " لمات مثل معناهم معshout, throwثم يوجد ن

ي و "at عم مهانعم to،مختلف عن

: (H.K.) shoutفنقول مثال t so. (when being angry) / shout t so. (to hear)

:وكذلك نق ل

.throw sthو t so. or sth.(to hit) / throw sth. t so. (to give it to him)

عق لHe shouted at themفمثال لو قلنا

ز

هو : معناها ن

،ي و

. she threw it to himولو قلنا : حدف ا لھ معناها ن

يمو

ة

ر

شا :اسما . 1(Thisهم للمفرد البعي 2(Thatللمفرد القر ب

3( These . ل مع البعي4( Thoseل مع القر ب

H.W. قباوس عبس بتكا ، بجاولا سارك prefixes ةمل عطوا مع ى النفي ،ثم

. [ youssef]كمثال ل ل م م

Translate into Arabic : ترجم إ العر ي

Look at this rice ____________________________________________

10



He got at least two __________________________________________

11




Prepositions حروف ا جر

لمات جمل ،ثم سنأخذ � عضمثلة ا مع معان ا ،ثم اصطالحات ثابتة هذا الباب سنأخذ حروف ا ر

. جمل تأ ي مع حروف جر مختلفة فيتغ املع وأيضا أمثلة عل ا

ان

رجا

و

(

نالو

)اختصارنذكر

أن

someone ن

سيكو

so.

واختصار

somethingن

سيكو

sth.

وحسنspellingدايما احفظ ل لمات تصادفك ،اكت ا مرة والكتاب مفتوح ثم مرة غيبا لتحفظ ال (ست جا )

خطك وأذكر النطق جيدا.

About [ youssef]

Excited about ل

مثار حو Worried - قلق� شأن

Troubled - س �برطضم Upset - غضب من أجل

Annoyed - متضايق ل Sorry about سف� سب

معناها مع لمات يختلف :aboutوهنا أيضا يوجد معناها مع حروف جر أخرى ،مثل عن

Care ou t so. or sth. تم ب / care fo r

يحب

Ask ou t سأل عن / ask fo r بلطي

Dream ou t (details ) / dreamتفاصيل of (being sth. or doing sth.)

Hear ou t (details) / hear of (know that) / hear from (receive a letter or a phone call)

Think ou t (details) (concentrate the mind on) / think of (remember)

By (H.K.)

Pass by يمر ب Walk by يمر ماشيا

Stopped by وقف عند Drove - يقود مر وهو

- mistake با طأ - chance بالصدفة

A play - .. مسرحية كت ا A book - .. كتاب كتبھ

- all means ق

ب ل الطر - no means بال أي وسيلة

One - one واحد واحد - the way (H.K.) باملناسبة

Pay by chequeكيش � اش / pay in cash = pay cashيدفع يدفع

for

For ever لألبد - God's sake من أجل هللا

8



- life لطول العمر - a while إ ح ن

Need - احتياج ل Reason - سب

- a walk متا بهذا - breakfast للفطار

Famous - مشور ب - lunch للغذا

--- [ youssef] Blame so. or sth. for sth. / blame sth. on so. or sth. /

ex: everybody blamed him for the accident / ال ل الموه ع ا ادثة

everybody blamed the accident on him سبوا ا ادثة لھ / ال ل (H.K.)

everybody said he was to blame for the accident دثال ل قال انھ يجب ان يالم ع ا ا

--- It's time for school / he is going to school / now he is at school.

In

Increase - ادةز

Decrease - ناصقن

Rise - عافترا Fall- صقن ، طوقس

Believe - يؤمن ب - health ب ة

- a moment ظة - English باالنجل ي

- person صيا - full ل امبا

Into (H.K.)

Look (see) - يفحص Break - يقتحم م ان

Run - اصطدم ب Run - debt استدان

Of

A cause - سب Photograph - ة

ر

صو

Afraid - خايف من Proud - فخور ب

Jealous - غيور من Capable - ع رداق

Careful - حذر من Tired - عبان من

Healed - تم شفاؤه من Repent - يتوب عن

- course بالطبع Instead - بدال من

A lot - كث من A piece - قطعة من

It was nice of you (kind of you , good - , silly - , stupid -, ..) كنم ةسو تنا To accuse so. of doing sth. /

Man of his word , man of courage .

A matter of fact الواقع , a matter of opinion أ

ر

موضوع

On [ youssef]

- foot س ا ع قدام - occasion مناسبة

Congratulate - ع ي From now - منن فصاعدا

I have spoken to her on the phone لقد ت لمت معا ع التليفون

I'm (I am) not on the phone yet , I haven't got a phone yet

9



To watch sth. on T.V. ن

التليفز و يتفرج ع حاجة

To listen to sth. on the radio [ youssef] الراديو ل عمتس

On leave ةز

/ on holidayأجا حلة عمل /on business tripعطلر

/ on a trip / on a tour . جولة سياحية

(H.K.)To live on money (or food) ( ا)سولفلا ةلع شغ /

To spend money on sth. ع سولف فرصي

Keep on / go on / carry on ستمر

Out

- of kindness من باب الطيبة - of sight اختفى عننظار

- of print نفدت الطبعة - doors ا ال

- of doubt بدون شك Have it - املوضوع ا وا

To (H.K.)

- an end ل اية - no end بال اية

Look - ع دمتع ،ب مت According - ع بنا

Married - م وج من Engaged - مخطوب ل

Damage to a car / Invitation to a partyتكس للعر ية (or a wedding) ةلف عزومة

Solution to a problem حل للمش لة / answer to a question / اجابة للسؤال

reply to a letter رد ع ا واب / key to a door

مفتاح للبابComplain to so. about sth.

نع ص ل ي تش / (H.K.)

Prefer so. or sth. to so. or sth. يفضل ص عن أو يفضل نع

Up [ youssef]

Speak - اع توصب مل ت - to لغاية

Use - سنفذ ،ي ك Bring - ير ي

Wake - صي Get - قم ،انتصب

Give - سسلم Keep - with ي

ساير ،يجار

With

Satisfied - مكتفي ب Crowded - مزدحم ب

Our relationship with God must be perfect. / عالقتنا با البد ان ت ون املة

Pleased with so. � ص ص أو مسرور مع (pleased at sth. � (مسرور

Charge so. with an offence (with a crime) / Provide so. with sth. (H.K.)

10



H.W. Translate into Arabic ترجم إ العر ية

They care about her _______________________________________He replied to the letter _____________________________________

Write the preposition used after these words: worry _______ a lot ____

سما Plural of nounsجمع

سما )1 بصفة عامة ،عند جمع. book , booksاية ال لمة ،مثلs نضع

2( ولكن

نضع

es : سم بأحد ا روفتية تنا اذا (أ :s ss sh ch x zمثل

box , boxes تنا اذا (ب .

hero , heroesقبلھ حرف ساكن مثلoسم بحرف

3ونضع

(ies ال تت بحرف yسما

yحرف ساكن ،وذلك� عد حذف اقبلھمثل

story , stories[

youssef] ونضع yولكن لو ال فقط.sقبلا حرف متحرك تظل كما

ال تت ب )4 .half , halves / life , livesوذلك مثل �f, feعد حذف ا vesتأخذ feأوfو عضسما

(H.K.)

لقواعأثم يوجد )5

جمعا

يخضع

ال

ثابتة وذلك مثما

foot , feet / man , men / son-in-law , sons-in-law .

6( تتغ

ال

سما

عض

.Japaneseعند جمعا مثل�

لم )7 وقد يوجد قليل اسماجم

من

أك

أشقا )brothersأخbrotherمع اختالف املع مثل ) brethrenأخوة

( جماعة معينة) .أخو ة

جم� عضسما )8

لم

.hope , happinessمثل:ليس

ن )9

جموالبعض ي و

ا

صيغة

.contents , trousersمثلدائما

ن )10

والبعض ي و

خره

s مفر

دائما

لكنھ

.news , mathematicsمثل

وهناك )11

املفر

عن

ا

ف

جمع

ا

ى

مع

يتغ

اسما

/ meanمثل ، شحوmeans / goodطرق ،وسائل

/ بضائع. goodsخ ، حسن

H.W. write the plural of the following words : (H.K.) ةيتتامل لا عمج بتكا

Pen _____, dish _______, factory _________, shoe ______, knife _______,

Woman ___________, Chinese ___________, sister-in-law_____________,

11



Verb "Do"[ youssef]

--- مع(future)واملستقبل(past)واملا (present) ا اضر verb do (to do)هو تصر فماي ،

الpronounsال ستعوجابة عل ا presentوكيفية عمل أسئلة بھ عت كفعل مساعد)(وهو حينما :ل عمل أسئلة

Pro-

nouns

هل و النفي فقط عمب يأ طقف دعاسم لعفك)( verb "Do"

Pres. Past Future Verb "Do" in the present (H.K.)

Questions Yes, No,

I Do Did Shall do Do I eat? Yes, you eat No, you don't eat

You Do Did Will do Do you eat? Yes, I eat No, I don't eat

He Does Did Will do Does he eat? Yes, he eats No, he doesn't eat

She Does Did Will do Does she eat? Yes, she eats No, she doesn't eat

It Does Did Will do Does it eat? Yes, it eats No, it doesn't eat

We Do Did Shall do Do we eat? Yes, you eat No, you don't eat

You Do Did Will do Do you eat? Yes, we eat No, we don't eat

They Do Did Will do Do they eat? Yes, they eat No, they don't eat

( ا اضر) ل؟ أنا هل هو: ول ومع ى السؤالي

ونالحظ

أوال أن1: (he, she , itاوذخأي ضع � . presentالs, es, iesدائما مثل

2 (Shall عم نو تI, we ذخأت رئامضلا ةيقب امأ طقف will.

3 (I إ لوحتت لاؤسلا youكلذكو ، سكعلاب سكعلاو ، ةباج we إ لوحتت لاؤسلا you (عم ا)

جابة ،والعكس بالعكس.

4 (don'tراصتخا (contraction of)،do not و ،doesn'tراصتخا does not و ،didn'tراصتخاdid

not.[ youssef]

5� عد (doesدايما

يأ ي الفعل ا ،infinitive.يفنلاب ةباج السؤال أو سوا---

""doوفيما ي أمثلة أخرى ع استخدام

Ex.: I do my homework. _____ أنا أعمل الواجب

She does what is right . لا لمع

He did what is right. لا لمع وه

They will do it. هم سيعملو ا

H.W. Answer the following questions one time with Yes, another with No

12



(H.K.)أجب ع سئلة التالية مرة بنعم ومرة بال:

Does he drink tea? Yes, ______________ No, ____________________

Do I need it? Yes, ________________ No, ______________________

ال ل I, he, theyتطبيق ع ،فنبع نفس ا طوات ،وسنكتفي باpastو السبة لعمل أسئلة وأجو ة

فمثال نقو ،

:

Pro-

nouns

Verb "do" in the p st

Questions Yes (H.K.) No

I Did I eat bread? Yes, you ate bread No, you didn't eat bread

He Did he eat bread? Yes, he ate bread No, he didn't eat bread

They Did they eat bread? Yes, they ate bread No, they didn't eat bread

أنا

هل

:هو

ل و

السؤال

ى

كنومع

(

املا

)؟

خ

ل

ي

presentا s, es, iesتماما ،ال م يأخذوا ال pronounsمثل بقية ال pastا (he, she, itان:1ونالحظ

الpastفقط ولس ال .futureوال

ال �didعد ( verbدايما ال2 جابة ب infinitiveبيأ ي السؤال أو noسوا

H.W. Answer the following questions with Yes and No :

Did she work? Yes, _____________ No, ________________________

Did they see you? Yes, _____________ No, ______________________

هو شرح لونالحظ ل ماسبق هو شرح " verb "Doان يام نكل ، طقف دعاسم لعفك verb "Do"دعاسم لعفك

عمل" "يفعل أو :فقط)pastو ال)presentوذلك الوكفعل معناه

عمل) / وكفعل بمع ى ")Verb "Doكفعل مساعد

Pro-

nouns

Questions Yes (H.K.) No

In the present

I Do I do my work? Yes, you do your work No, you don't do your --

He Does he do his -- Yes, he does his -- No, he doesn't do his --

They Do they do their -- Yes, they do their -- No, they don't do their --

In the past

I Did I do my work Yes, you did your -- No, you didn't do your --

He Did he do his -- Yes, he did his -- No, he didn't do his --

They Did they do their -- Yes, they did their -- No, they didn't do their --

13



ي

ونالحظ

( السؤال و النفي فقط ولس معمرت نdo, does, did ) استخدامات1: ) ،مرة yesل جملة

عمل. عمب لعفك ةرمو دعاسم لعفك

. ((pronouns)ونفسسلوب نطبقھ مع بقية الضمائر2

H.W. Answer the questions with Yes and No

Does he do it? Yes, _______________ No, _____________________

Did she do it? Yes, _______________ No, _____________________

ال أماfuture

فان

verb "Do"، طقف "لمع " عمب لعفك ي أي:ي

ل

كما يت من ا دو عمل فقط) ")Verb "Doكفعل بمع ى

In the future (H.K.)

I Shall I do my -- Yes, you will do your -- No, you'll not do your --

He Will he do his -- Yes, he'll do his -- No, he'll not do his --

They Will they do their -- Yes, they'll do their -- No, they'll not do their --

هنا

عمل فقط. " ("Doاستخدام :1ونالحظ عمب لعفك

� عد (notدايما2 . willو shallالنفي بتأ ي

H.W. Answer the questions with Yes and No (H.K.)

Will you do them? Yes,__________________ No, ___________________

Shall we do them? Yes, _________________ No, ___________________

هام

لمات

ال

عد

�دائما

أننا

و

هامة

وظة

م

أيضا

الحظ

ثم

:املصدر

بالفعل

ي

نأ

تية

(infinitive) :

Shall , should , will , would , may , might , can , could , to .

Conversations [ youssef] محادثات

14



Introducing : Hi , I'm Ahmed / hi Ahmed I'm Magdy (hi Ahmed my name is Magdy) .

--- George , this is Aly , Aly this is George / nice to meet you Aly / nice to meet u too , what do you do

George ? / I'm a writer, and you? (what about you?) (and what do you do?) / I'm an accountant . /

Haven't we met before? / yes, I think we have. (H.K.)

H.W. (C.W.) Pair practice : Each 2 introduce yourselves to each other

(H.K.)ل اثن ن يقدموا أنفسم لبعض

Then each 3 , 3و عد ذلك ل

15




: ى ،فتعطي مع مختلف

لمات خر ف ا جر والعطف و مع

و

� عض ال لمات ت ي مع حر

Back [ youssef]

Get back جع

ر

ا Give back جع

ر

Hold back از Throw - مي ل خلفر

ا

Fire

Put out the -يطفئ النار

Set - to sth. أشعل النار

Set on - أ

ر

شعل نا The - is out النار اطفأت

Get

Get in ادخل - out أخرج

- off اهرب ،اخلع - on with ي

يجار

- through يجتاز من خالل - hold of ع ضبقي

- advantage of ع قوفتي

- homeروح البت

Go (H.K.)

- after يبع - ahead كمل ماتفعلھ

- beyond ز

يتجاو - astray يضل

Lay

- before ع

عرض

- upيدخر

- down يضع - out يرتب

- hand on ع ضبقي - hold of يمسك

Look

- at إ رظني - to تم ب

- into يفحص - out اح س

- over� سرعة يتصفح

- forيبحث عن

13



- out for ي قب - up ع شفي

- off يودع - about ينظر حولھ

- down upon ع اعتي ، رقنحي - after عت ب

Use

Of - نافع ،مفيد Out of - بطل استعمال

To – up سنفذ ،ي ك he used to ع دوعتم نا

He is used to ع دوعتم

I used to get up early when I was a child, but now I don't.

ن أنا كنت متعود ان اسيقظ مب كرا ملا كنت طفال ولكنI am used to getting (to get) up early in the morning because I've done this for so

long. هذا منذ ف ة طو لة أنا متعود أسيقظ مبكر ي أفعل

Drop [ youssef]

Drop off سطح ، ماني Drop in يزور ،يأ ي

I dropped the cup and it broke. ال أس سقط م وانكسر

We couldn't take him all the way , so we dropped him off at the station.

ل الطر ق ف لناه عند ا طة. ستطع ان نوصلھ لم

My husband always drops off a few minutes in the afternoon. (H.K.)

( سطح) دقائق قليلة و دائما ينام

� عد الظر.ز

Why don't you drop in and see us sometimes. هنا أحيانا ل انا ملاذا التأ ي

At / on / in (time) [ youssef] ف جر مع الوقت

و

استخدام حر

At : At 5:00 o'clock / at 11:45 / at midnight ـ منتصـف الليـل / at night / atبالليـل

lunch time ذا غـلا تقو ـ / at the week-end سبوع ـ اية / at week-ends ـ ايات

سـوع / at Christmas ماس سـركلا د نـع / at public holiday seasons ـ ف ات العطـالت

/at the momentالرسـمية ذه ال ظة هـ ـ / at presentرضا ا تقولا ـ / at the same time

14



/ at the proper time ـ نفس الوقت ليم سـلا تقولا ـ / at the age of ـ عمر Ex.: We

shall meet at 11:45 11:45ستقابل الساعة

On : (Simply we use on when we mean a specific day دما نت لم عن نـع امدختس

دد حـم مويـ): On 12 March ـ 12ر

ما / on Friday(s) (أيام ا مع)يـوم ا معة / on Friday

morning(s) / on Sunday afternoon(s) / on Christmas day / on any public holiday / on

the third day (.H.K) .( اليوم الثالث)

Ex.: They always have meetings on Fridays. أيام ا معة عندهم مقابالت دايما

In

: (Simply we usein

with months , years , seasons or any long period) : in the

morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in the evening(s) / In the days of .. / In April/ in

1960 / in the winter / in the 18th

century ن

18القر / in the 1970s 1980إ ـ1970 من /

in the Middle Ages / العصور الوسطى

In a few minutes = few minutes from now [ youssef]

In a week = in a week's time = a week from now

Ex.: I'll finish it in a few minutes. دقائق قليلة سأ يھ

H.W. لخدأ3: جمل Put 3 of these words in sentencesمن ال لمات السابقة

Ex.: I went there on Monday morning. (H.K.)

1) _________________________________________________

2) _________________________________________________

3) _________________________________________________

� عض قواعد الكتابة

Some Rules of Writing [ youssef]

--- : ساعدنا كث ا وجيد ن نذكر� عض قواعد الكتابة البسيطة ال ي

15



ال لمة املن ية بحرف ساكن قبلھ حرف متحر1 خ إذا) ،يتم تكرار ا رف الساكن

خر ال لمة مقطع أولھ حرف متحرك ،مثل .drop – dropped , big – biggerأضيف

ـة املن يـة 2 مل لا الينطeحرف)

ل

ـة مقطـع أو مل لا رـخ ـ ـ ـتم إلغـا ه إذا أضـيف ي ،

write – writing،حرف فيھ متحرك ،مثل

هذه القاعدة ال لمات املن ية ب مثلce , geولكن يثس من

Peace – peaceable , courage – courageous [ youssef]

ال لمـة املن يـة با حرف ن3 (ie بلقني ، ـ إ ن yا لإ فيضأ اذإing: مثـل ،lie –

lying , die – dying , tie – tying

بحرف

ـة ي

املن

ـة م ل

وال

yاك س

رف ح

ـھ ل بق ـ ـ ـ إ بــلقني ،

I ـع ـ طقم يأ ا ـ ـ لإ فيـ ـ ضأ اذإ

غing: مثل ،Beauty – beautiful , easy – easily , carry – carrier .

A , An , and The

A , An ةركنلل نامدختس indefinite

Theأما . definiteستخدم للمعرفة

--- An كرحتم فرحب دأ بـت ـ لا تامل لا لبـق مدختس (vowel)مهـوa e i o uاضيأو ،

ان ال ينطق مثل hقبل حرف . ستخدم مع بقية ال ،A أماan hourإذا لمات

--- A , An ـ عم املone درفملا ل (ولكـن لـس مع و التا ستخدمان مع املفرد فقـط ،

لuncountable nounsوخاصة كث مـن ال

فـال نقـو ، ى

لمة أخر فنا ضـأ اذإ الإ ، (a bread

ل

.a piece of breadأوa loave of breadبل نقو

--- A لم � عض ش إبتأ ي مع ت

:كمي ،مثل

a few weeks, a lot of people , a couple of sandwiches

ستخدم --- مثلsingular countable nounsقبل الA , Theكذلك

I've got a headache. Be careful of the dog.

The ] youssef [ يح ، راصتخاب ، مدختس و. معروفة لنا وللسامع ما نت لم عن أشيا

ف لل ل مثل ---

و

ئ معر اذا كنا نت لم عن ، الثمف

The police , the sky , the sun , the sea. (H.K.)

16



ئ --- ـ ـ ـ ـن ـ ع مل ت ـ نـو نا ـ ـ م يأ وأ ةــقيدح وأ ةـ ـ س

ر

ـل أو مد ـ صـف وأ ل ـ ـم وأ ةـ فـرغ ـ ـ ـ ا اذا كنــا ـ ضـيأو

. هذا امل ان مع ن

وايضا --- : The Egyptian man , The American womanمع ا سيات مثل

ا معم --- مث Theستخدمحينما نت لم بصفة عامة عن اسما

I love bananas. He likes flowers.

:theأيضا --- خص أو أك ، فمثال ا ملة قد تو لنا أحيانا مااذا كنا نت لم عن

The owner and manager has come

: أما ا ملة ، دحاو صخ ن املقصود ف ا

ي و

The owner and the manager have come

. خص ن ن املقصود ف ا

ي و

--- : فة عامة صـب ةاي ا ـ دو ـ ستخدام جـنthe لثـم ةنيعم تامل Theدائما تأ ي مع

cinema , the theatre , the radioاهد جـن ن ال حـ ـ

ى مثل

لمات أخر تتواجد مع

Television / (all meals like) : breakfast , lunch , dinner , supper.

H.W.: Put the right article and /or word in the blanks, or leave it blank :

هو: داة و / أو ال لمة املناسبة م ان الفراغات ،أو اترك الفراغ كما [ youssef]ضع

We ate _____ breakfast together. أ لنا الفطار معا

They like _____grapes. ن العنب

هم يحبو

We went to _____cinema. ذهبنا للسنما

His father and _____teacher will go together.سيذهبون معا أبوه واملدرس

____lot of trees. ار كث من (H.K.)

Be careful of _____ bad cat in this garden. هذه ا ديقة احذر القطة الشرسة

Verbs "Be" and "Have"

17



--- ـ ي امةدعاسملا لاعف ل فيھ تصر ف

دو جـ و هـbe , haveطيسلا رضا ا ـ present

simpleطيسلا املاو ،past simpleطيسلا لبقتسملاو ،simple future

Pronouns

Be [ youssef] Have

Present Past Future Present Past Future

I (H.K.) Am Was Shall be Have Had Shall have

You Are Were Will be Have Had Will have

He, she, it Is Was Will be Has Had Will have

We Are Were Shall be Have Had Shall have

You Are Were Will be Have Had Will have

They Are Were Will be Have Had Will have

اتوتوجد

ر

ل السايق و(contractions): اختصا

هذا ا دو ملا يحتو ھ

Pronouns

Be Have [ youssef]

Present Past Future Present Past Future

I I'm --- I'll be I've I'd I'll have

You You're --- You'll be You've You'd You'll have

He (H.K.) He's --- He'll be He's He'd He'll have

She She's --- She'll be She's She'd She'll have

It It's --- It'll be It's It'll have

We We're --- We'll be We've We'd We'll have

You You're --- You'll be You've You'd You'll have

They They're --- They'll be They've They'd They'll have

هنا ان اختصار و نفسھ اختصا he isالحـظ هـhe has كلذكـو)she, itم يـب يمتلا مت و ،(

ا ناذه ولفم . :� سولة حسب سياق الكالم مثلة � عض عطي ، ام لع ن رمتلاو نالود

I am a teacher س)

ر

(أنا مد س

ر

ن مد

أنا أ و

I was a teacherمدرس

أنا كنت

18



I shall be a teacher س

ر

ن مد

أنا سأ و

They were students انوا تالميذ هم

She will be a doctor ة

ر

ن دكتو

ست و

He has a car [ youssef] هو عنده عر ية

He had a car ان عنده عر ية هو

He will have a car ن عنده عر ية

هو سي و

We had books ان عندنا كتب نحن

You will have books ن عندكم كتب

(أنت) سي و أنتم

H.W. : ] ] youssef Translate into Englishترجم إ نجل ية

1 ___________________________________________ سكرت ة ن

) ت و

2 __________________________ _______________________ ) طببة

انوا مندس ن3 هم ((H.K.) _________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________ ) أنت ستكتب الكتاب

5 ________________________________________________ هو عنده عر ة (6 ______ عندهم كتب غدا ن

هم سي و ( __________________________________

7 ________________________________________________ ) أنتم كنتم طلبة

لpronounقبل ا verbولعمل أسئلة ،نأ ي بال

داو جـ ـ سلوب كما فعلنا ، verbونبع نفس

"Do" : ل

فنقو

1) Am I a teacher ? / Yes, you are a teacher. / No, you aren't a teacher.

2) Were they students ? / Yes, they were . / No, they weren't students.

3) Will she be a doctor ? / Yes, she will / No, she will not .

4) Has he a car? (Does he have a car ?) / Yes, he has a car / yes, he does / no, he hasn't

a car / no, he doesn't have a car. (H.K.)

5) Had we books ? (Did we have books ?) / yes you had books / Yes, you did / no,

you didn't have books / No, you hadn't .

19



6) Will you have books ? / Yes, we shall have books / No, we shall not .

ؤال ن الر ـ سـلا ـ ـ ـا ننأ ظـحـالب ةلئـ س ـ ـ ع وا خـامس أي ا� ـ verb haveلاؤ ـ سـلا لأـس ،يمكــن أن

الثانية استخدمنا . verb doبطر قت ن ،حيث

H.W. : ومرة بال (H.K.)جاوب ع سئلة التالية مرة بنعم

Answer the following questions , one time with Yes, another with No :

Are you a doctor? Yes, ______________ , No, _____________________

Are you doctors? Yes, _______________, No, _____________________

Will they be drivers? Yes, _______________, No, ___________________

Shall I do it? Yes, _________________, No, _______________________

Conversation [ youssef]

Meeting : Formal : Good morning (good ..) / good morning (good ..) / How are

you ? / I'm fine , thank you .

Informal : Hi , how are you today ? / fine thanks , what about you / ok. (not bad) (feel

tired) (H.K.)

--- Hi Sheriff / Hi Zaki / where is Roushdy / he is at home, he has some things to do

and won't be able to meet us / ok. let us go and help him / that is a good idea .

--- Hello John / oh , hi Ann / how is it going ? (how are you ?) (how are you doing ?) /

great (fine thanks) (ok.) , John , this is Sue my sister / hi Sue / hi / and this is Mona

her friend / hi Mona / hi John .

H.W. (C.W.) : Pair practice (each 2) / then each 3 (the last paragraph)

ل خ 3(ل اتن ن يتمرنوا معا ،ثم (ل ز

20




In / At / on (position / place) [ youssef] نا ملا عم رج ا ف

و

استخدام حر

In

: In a (in the) : room غرفة , building ى بم , shop , gardenمحل , parkحديقة ,مركن

town قر- مدينة , country , waterدولة , seaما , riverبحر , rowر , lineصف ر

-طابو

, armchairخط اعر

, mirrorكر بذ , photographمر ة , pictureصورة فوتوغرافية ة

ر

,صو

street شارع , sky , bookسما . (H.K.)كتاب

Ex: there is no one in the room. / I prefer to sit in the front row.

In : bedسر ر

, prison ن

, the hospitalمسشفى

.

A t : at a (at the) : bus stop(s) , traffic lightمحطة اتو س ة مرورر

, doorاشا ,باب

window , top of the pageشباك , bottom of the pageأع الصفحة الصفحة , endأسفل

of the street الشارع , beginning of the streetاية الشارع , back (front) of a groupبداية

of people (of a building) مقدمة أو مؤخرة مجموعة من الناس أو مب ى // party ,حفلة

concert , conferenceحفلة موسيقية , meetingمؤتمر , football matchمقابلة ة

ر

و ما ش [

youssef]

Ex: Were there many people at the meeting?

at : home (the house) م

ل , work , schoolشغل سة

ر

, universityمد , a stationجامعة

, an airportمحطة . Ex.: He is at homeمطار البت و

O n

: on a (on the) : ceiling , wallسقف ضية , floorحائط

ر

, notice boardأ لوحة

, grassعالنات , top shelfنجيلة ي

الرف العلو , table تراب ة , chair رك, left , rightسار يم ن

, left (right) hand side (يمن) سر ا انب / on her noseفنأ ع / on a page ع

// صفحة

--- A place is : on the coast (on a riverع الساحل , on a roadع ر الشارع ع) , or

أو , on the way to another place // ع الطر ق مل ان خر

His house is on the river. بتھ يقع ع ال ر

--- Corner :

1) In the corner of a room ركن من غرفة

17



2) A t / on the corner of a street شارع .ع ناصية

--- front / back : 1) In the front / back of a car (or taxi)

2) A t the front / back of a group of people (building / cinemaمب ى (سنما

3)O n

the front / back of a letter (piece of paper) (ورقة) ع وش / ظر جواب

--- Arrive : 1) In a country or town.

2)A t

other places (school , work , the hotel , the party)

3) Arrive home. يوصل للم ل (H.K.)

---The end the beginning)

: 1)A t

the end of (at

the beginning of) a place or sth. .

Ex: At the end of the street / At the beginning of a book.

2) In the end (in the beginning) so. did sth. , or , sth. was done ,

Ex: In the end we decided to do it عمل / خر قررنا

In the beginning I thought I would be able to do it , but I couldn't.

لك لم أتمكن ، ھلمع نم نكمتاس ي ا تركتفا ل

[ youssef]و

--- To (places) : Go to Egypt , travel to America , go to the bank , return to Europe ,

fly to Moscow , walk to work , drive to the airport , sent to prison , taken to the

hospital , go to bed , go to a meeting.

--- Hom e : go home , at home , come home , get home , arrive home .

--- Go : on foot / ع قدميك by: car , taxiعر ة كات, train , planeقطار , boatطائرة

, shipمركب , busباخرة , bicycleأوتو س اجة

ر

, undergroundد نفاق . م و

--- Get : get in (get out of) a car , taxi . [ youssef]

G et on get off) a train , plane , boat , ship , bus , bicycle , underground.

H.W. Put 4 of the previous words in sentences. Ex.: He got in her car.

1) ________________________ 2) _________________________

3) ________________________ 4) ________________________

Verbs [ youssef] فعال

18



ئ فيھ حركة أي فعال أو عمل يتم مثبالطبع

walk , run , speak , eat , write , drink .

ن

ت و ئ مع ن" "عمل أو فعل لمة معناا ل ان أي

ح ن ان verbأو باسلوب خر نقو

. .. .. ئ محسوس أو مادي ص أو دولة أو أي مجرد اسم ألي ان سم

: وو الذي لمتعد1(transitiveوفعال نوعان: ھ

ل

مف و

،.water drankHeمثل:

2(intransitiveز

ل بھ ،مثل:ال

:The waterوو الذي لس لھ مفعو drops.

Auxiliary verbs : فعال مساعدةو وجد --- ساعدنا لا و ،1 .ةلئسأ لمع (2(

النفي. جابة ع أسئلة خاصة3

) و ت و ن أزمنة(tenses) .4(

و ، لاعف و تصر ف:

Be, have, do, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must

: 1و ستخدم ) وكفعل مساعد لس لھ مع ى خاص. (2بمعناا كفعل مستقل.

Let us take verb "Work" , with the pronouns, in the present, past and future

Pronouns Present Past [ youssef] Future

I Work Worked Shall work

You Work Worked Will work

He Works Worked Will work

She Works Worked Will work

It Works Worked Will work

We Work Worked Shall work

You Work Worked Will work

They Work Worked Will work

H.W. fill the following table in a similar way to this table with verb "eat"

"يأ ل" امأل ا دول التا بتفس اسلوب ا دول السابق مستخدما الفعل

(H.K.)

19



Pronouns Present Past Future

I (H.K.) Ate

You Eat

He, She, It

We

(اصطالحات ثابتة) ،مع ف جر متنوعة

و

وماي هو كث من ال لمات املتنوعة مع حر

:معان ا ،وادخالا جمل

صطالح املع ى بالعر� ي جملة (H.K.)مثال

Back up سند ،يأيد I backed up him (him up) in what he said

Blow up يفجر They want to blow up the car

Break down عطل ،ظوبي The car broke down yesterday

Break in يقتحم ،يدخل

بقوة

A gang broke in the bank this morning

Break out رب بقوة A prisoner tried to break out of jail

Break up يكسر أو يوقف

� شدة

They broke up all what he had

Bring up ير ي She brought up her children well

Close down،صلاخ لفقي

يتوقف

His factory closed down

Come in يدخل May I come in? [ youssef]

Come down ي ل After he had come down of the mountain, he went

home

Come up يصعد ،يطلع

ب(فكرة)

He came up with a good idea

20



Count on ع دمتع I count on your promise

Cry out يصرخ ،يصيح

اع توصب

He cried out saying "help us"

Cross off شطب ،يمحو They crossed off his name

Cut down يقلل She tried to cut down swimming

Cut off يقطع و فصل He cut off the book into pieces

Drive off ق لبعيد

سو Drive off this place quickly

Figure out يفم ،يتخيل Try to figure out what she means

Fill inمي

Fill in this form please (H.K.)Find out عرف ،فشكي I can't find out what the cause is

Get in أدخل Get in the house and bring it to me

Get out أخرج Get out of my house

Get back جع

ر

ا Get back home and do your homework

Get through يجتاز ،يمر

خالل

Can you get through this narrow door?

Go by يمر ب When you go by him, see what he does

Get up ي ض ،يقوم Sometimes I get up before 6:00 o'clock

Give away يتخلص ،يطع

من

It is good to give away your old clothes to the poor

Give up ،ملسس

يتوقف

You must have hope , don't give up

Grow up ينمو I grew up in the country

Hang up يقفل السكة He hung up on me

Hold on يتظر Hold on I'll call him

Lay before عرض أمام Lay it before him

Lay upيدخر

lay up treasures in heaven

21



Let down يل He let her down in front of her friends

Look at إ رظني Look at me

Look to تم ب He looked to the reward

Look into يفحص He looked into family matters

Look out يح س ،يراقب Look out , it's dangerous

Look for يبحث عن look for my pen , I can't find it

Look up جيفش ع ،ي Loop up this word in the dictionary

Look off يودع I want to look him off before he leaves

Look aboutينظر حولھ

Look about try to find something

Look after تم ب She looked after her father when he was sick

Pass away يموت They passed away in a bad accident

Put off (put

out)

يطفئ Put off the fire [ youssef]

Send for طلب يرسل We send for a doctor right after he had fainted

Speak upيت لم بصوت

اع

Speak up that we may hear

Take upon

oneself

يأخذ ع عاتقھ He takes upon himself to save her

Wait at يخدم She waits at that table (H.K.)

Wait for يتظر I've been waiting for you for 2 hours

Wait on يخدم He waits on the Lord

(أو أك من أداة) Phrasal verbs with twoثم أفعال و لمات مع أك من حرف جر

Particles

صطالح ع ى بالعر� ي مل ا ل م ج [ youssef]ةمثال

Come up with يطلع ب(فكرة)

He came up with a good idea

22



Keep up with ي

يالحق ،يجار She couldn't keep up with him when he

was running fast

Look down upon (on) اعتي ،رقتحي

ع

He looks down on some poor people

Cut down on يقلل She cut down on smoking

H.W. Write the Arabic meanings of any 6 of the previous sentences :

1 __________________________ (2 ___________________________ (

3 __________________________ (4 ___________________________ (5 __________________________ (6 ______________________ ( _____

___

متنوعات هامة

يمكن استخدام1 (shallلدبwill : حاالت معينة والعكس

--- We put shall instead of will when : (H.K.)

Promise ستأخذ النقود قر با جدا. : You shall have the money very soonوعد

Threat اذا فعلت ذا ثانيا ستعاقب : If you do that again you shall be punishedديد

Order (command) مر ،وصية : You shall not steal ق

سر ال

Determinationتحديد

: The enemy shall not pass. العدو ال يجب ان يمر

--- We put will instead of shall when :

Promise : We will send them a present. ديس سل لم

Willingness سأدفع باملعدل الذي تر ده. : I will pay at the rate you askتم ، مشئة

--- Shall I? (Shall we?) , has often the meaning of "Would you like me to ..?" ex:

Shall I open the window?

--- Will you? , has often the meaning of "Would you like to .. ?"

23



ex : Will you help me to carry this bag?

استخدامات 2 (do (does , did) :

لعمل اسئلة ? questions :do you like itا)

للنفي negative[ youssef] :no, I do not like itب)

للتأكيد for emphasis : yes, I do like itج)

لتجنب التكرار to avoid repetition :he likes it and so do Iد)

ق

دب والذو كنوع من for politeness :please do comeه)

(ج) أك نأ ي بثالث أسئلة ف م جابةdo , does , didولشرح النقطة وجابة العادية ع م ثم

: ال ف ا تأكيد(H.K.)

[ youssef]السؤال جابة العادية جابة ال ف ا ت كيد

Do you like it? Yes, I like it Yes, I do like it (Yes, I do. )

Does he like it? Yes, he likes it (H.K.) Yes, he does like it

Did they like it? Yes, they liked it Yes, they did like it

24




Questions سئلة

: فعال1لعمل أسئلة وهذا شرحناه. (be, have, doستخدم

2: و تامل لا نم ثك مدختس و (

ل لمة ا ا ه ا ن ع م [ youssef]مثال

1) Why ملاذا Why did you do this?

2) How كيف How can this be?

3) Who (H.K.)قمن للعا

Who are you?4) What ماذا لغ العاقل What is this?

5) Where أين للم ان Where is my book?

6) When م للزمان When is he coming?

7) Whose هذا ملن Whose pen is this?

8) Whom [

youssef]

ل

ملن للعاقل املفعو Whom did you give it to?

9) How much عكم لألشي ال ال ا How much does it cost?

10) How many عد لا كم لألشيا How many pens do we have?

11) How long كم من الوقت How long will it take to do it?

12) Can هل أقدر Can I lift this up?

13) May هل ممكن May I go out? (H.K.)

14) Should ض

و

هل من املفر Should we wait for him?

سئلة) : (بنفس ترتب اآل ي ن

وجابات ست و

1) We did this to save his life (because we had to)

21



2) That is what happened . 3) I'm Medhat , the manager .

4) This is the report . (H.K.) 5) It is on the desk .

6) He is coming next Friday . 7) It is yours (It is your pen) .

8) I gave it to her . 9) It costs three dollars .

10) We have seven pens . 11) It takes two days to be done .

12) Yes, you can if you are strong enough . / No, you can't .

13) Yes, you may if you have finished your homework . / No, you may not

14) Yes, I think we better wait for him . / No, I think we better go.

H.W. [ 1] Answer the following questions:

1) How many books does she have? ______________________________

2) What time is it now? _______________________________________

3) Whom are you talking about? ________________________________

4) What is in your hand? ______________________________________

5) Where are the bags? _______________________________________

[2] In your h.w. copy book , write 14 questions, using each question word in

each one of them and answer them with every possible answer. (H.K.)

14كراسة الواجب اكتب، فلتخم لاؤس ا دول لمة ل سؤال مستخدما

. وجاوب عل م ب ل اجابة ممكنة

Punctuation [ youssef] عالمات الوقف

22



ستعمل capitalizationونأخذ معا ال )1 م يأcapital lettersتامل لا مهأ ومن ،

ستخدم ف ا ا لا تالا اوcapitals:

ثم ، تايس او ل

خاص و ل الدو عياد و ل اسما سبوع و ل الشور و ل ل أيام

� عد النقطة الفقرة و ا ملة ا ديدة ل حرف

ل أو و بداية الكالم الذي(Full stop)دايما

. ب ن أقواس صغ ة

الشوارع والفنادق والنوادي واليئات و --- ذكرت معثم اسما امعات ولقاب والرتب اذا

: اسم صاح ا أو مع املس ، مثل

The Sheraton Hotel / but / we went to the hotel

لمة أك من --- أي ، ن وانعلا ل حرف ف ا3ثم

ن أو

ف ،ي و

و

لcapitalحر

باالضافة ألو

." "The Plural of Nounsلمة ،مثل

2() لمات أو جمل قص ة متوافقة أو (،[Comma]الفصلة ،وتوضع أساسا لتفصل ب ن

مسلسلة أو يصلا حرف عطف مثل

I bought bread , milk , honey and grapes. (H.K.)

If you are right , I'm wrong . [ youssef]

3(( .) اية [Full stop , or , Period]النقطة مل أو عند ان ا و ستعمل أساسا

ستعمل أيضا مع ال ى)initialsمع مع ن ،و

خر � عض ال لمات ل حرف من اسم أو

(أي أو

: abbreviationsوال

مثل

،The Y.M.C.A. is a good association.

4 ( (؟ ستفام عالمة ([Question mark , or , Interrogation mark]

سئلة � عد .و ستخدم

5 ( !) والت جب الندا ([Exclamation mark] ، ب تلا وأ حالة الندا و ستخدم

ن

سئلة الن صيغة الكالم ت و و حالة الت ب تجعلنا نم املقصود من الكالم ،عنھ

أصال شب ة باألسئلة ،مثل

What a beautiful watch !

6( (( )) وستخدمان لتحديد أو حصر الكالم [Brackets , or , Parantheses]قوسان

. املقصود

23



7( ( :) و وضعان قبل سرد لقائمة معينة أو قبل شرح أو قبل [The Colon]النقطتان

. ئ أمثلة لتوضيح اعطا

H.W. In your h.w. copy book, write a paragraph of at least 3 lines using all

possible punctuation.

ل عالمات وقف ممكنة. 3كراس الواجب اكتب فقرة من سطور أو أك مستخدما

The Apostropheعالمة امللكية لالسما

ئ ل خص أو ا خاص مثلapostropheأي استخدام عالمة ال the boy's bookمللكية

"كتاب الولد" . أي

[ youssef]

the girls' foodمثل �sعد ا apostropheال نضع عالم sحالة ا مع الذي خره

"أ ل البنات" . أي

--- صخ خر ،مثللو ئ ملك � عض ،نضع العالمة مرة واحدة أو أك مع

Mary and Magdy's car امأ عدة خا. مشا ة ملك ،نضعلو مجموعة شيا

ل واحد مثل � عد .Mary's and Magdy's carsالعالمة

--- تا� ع ل ولكن ستخدم عالمة اللو ئ ال

apostrophe ستخدم بل

of:لثم

the leg of the chair: هناك استثنا ات قليلة مثل ولكن ، ركلا لج

ر

أي

(a) Some places. (b) some expressions of time , take 's

ex : (a) Egypt's largest city is Cairo. / The city's old cinema was renewed last month.

(b) A night's rest. / Three hour's travel. / a week's vacation.

N.B.: With some common nouns like "class , school , farm .. " , we don't use 's nor

"of" (H.K.) [ youssef]

ex : The class teacher / A farm girl.

ى لعالمة ال ---

غ امللكية ،وذلك مثلapostropheو وجد أيضا استخدامات أخر

ات

ر

اختصا س باالنجل ي pronounsمع ال verb beاستخداما ات

ر

هذه ا ختصا )

contractions(لثم

. I amاختصارI'mوذلك

H.W. : ترجم إ نجل ية

24



1 _______ هذه كتب مر م ( ________________________________________

2 ____________________________________________ مو ي ذ تب اذه (

3 _______________________________________________ جل ال اب ة

ر

(

أ) ا م حاالونطقھ Sحرف ال :pluralلعفلل بئاغلا درفملاو (ب thirdملضارع .

singularةيكلملا ةغيصو (ج .apostrophe: قطن ا ف فرح رخ لا تامل لا عمP T K

F H S(أ : ب)catsمثل (قطط) . he worksا س عمل) . هو ) ركس

و

و

(كتاب مدحت) . Medhat's bookج) ك

و

مدحس بو

نطق و غ فرح يأب تت ةمل مع أي

أ) : ف السابقة مثل

و

ب)bedsا ر (سراير) . ج)he saysبدز ل) .

هو يقو ) يس Magdy's

pen(قلم مجدي) . ماجديز بن

Countable and Uncountable Nouns عد وال ي ال عد ال ي سما

Countable nouns [ youssef] Uncountable nouns

Job وظيفة Girl بت Blood دم Silver فضة

House بت Animal حيوان Gold (H.K.) ذهب Music موسيقى

Groupمجموعة

Companyشركة

Engineeringهندسة

Airهوا

Computer كمبيوتر Project ع

و

مشر Information معلومات Smoke دخان

Apple تفاحة Book كتاب Advice نصيحة Bread خ

Orange برتقالة Bottle جاجة

ز

Milk ل ن Water ما

جمل مع :here is , here areومعthere is , there areاستخداما م

There is an apple (orange) . There is some milk (water) .

There are some apples (oranges) . There are some bottles of milk (of water).

عد تأخذ لا سما هنا ان أما there areاملفرد وتأخذthere isنالحظ ، عم ا عم

ال ال عد دائما تأخذ عدها مثلthere isسما .bottlesإال لو أضفنا اسم

لمة ال تأ ي مع اآل ي: glassesمثلpairأما بالسبة لألشيا ن ا مل

فت و

There is a pair of glasses (trousers , shoes , socks) . There are some pairs of

glasses (trousers , shoes , socks). [ youssef]

25



ل ماسبق أن نضع there areبدل ،here areونضعthere isبدلhere isومن املمكن

. هو ئ كما ل ن

و و

H.W. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: امأل م ان الفراغات ب لمات مناسبة

1) ______________ some pens. 2) _____________ a ruler. (H.K.)

3) There is ____________socks. 4) Here are _______________trousers.

--- سما � عض ستخدو وجد ال قد

countableوأيضا

uncountable وذلك مثل

hair ،

ل

. beautiful hairأو مثال a hairفيمكن أن نقو

سما --- � عض � عض اللغاتuncountableال ال عدو وجد عد نجل ي ولك ا

: ى ،مثل

خر

Advice , furniture , news , bread , behavior , trouble , traffic , work , luggage ,

baggage, weather , information , permission

ا ز هذه الصفحة عأ دوجوملا لود ا اذه هذه ال لمات السابقة أي أنھ يمكن اضافة

وع سيل املثال ،عند جمعuncountable nounsاليم ن منھ ا خاص بال ،adviceوأbread

ل

ل pieces of adviceنقو

. loaves of breadأو نقو

Saying good bye : Formal : Good bye / good bye , it was nice to meet (see) you .

--- I wish you the best of luck . / same for you .

Informal : Bye (bye bye) (see you) / bye (see you) .

--- Keep in touch . / I will . (H.K.)

--- Have a good day (have a nice one) / you too .

At work : Excuse me , are you busy / oh, hi Mary I'm not working right now , I'm just

reading the newspaper , come in .

Pronouns الضمائر

وهو: ل واحد

جدو فظ الضمائر املمة أن نضعم أفضل وأسل أسلوب

26



Personal pronouns

الضمائر ال خصية

Possessive pronouns

ضمائر امللكية

Reflexive and

intensive

pronouns

ع اس

والتأكيد

Before the

verb [

youssef]

After the

verb

With

nouns

Without a

noun

I أنا Me My Mine Myself

You أنت You Your Yours Yourself

Heوه Him His (H.K.) His Himself

She Her Her Hers Herself

It لغ العاقل It Its Itself

Weنحن Us Our Ours Ourselves

You انتم You Your Yours Yourselves

They ه Them Their Theirs Themselves

هو الضمائر ال خصيةونفم من ا جدول ما يأ ي أول جز ال تأ ي قبل الفعل:

(before the verb)لثم writeIلعفلا دع � ثم يل ا الضمائر ال خصية ال تأ ي ،(after

the verb)لثمmethey gaveامس ثم ضمائر امللكية ال تأ ي مع ،(with nouns)لثم

bookmythis is لا ةيكلملا رئامض مث ،مساب طابت

ر

ن ا

مثل(without a noun)تأ ي بدو

mineIt isلثم سا ع ة

ر

صو ع اس والتأكيد ال تأ ي ثم ضمائر ،myself struckI

صورة التأكيد مثل أوتأ ي ،saw himmyself I.

ل مثال:

ك نقو ل

ا جدو [ youssef]ولفم استخدامات ما

I have a book , my father gave it to me , he himself gave it to me on my birthday

, it was his book but now it is mine. (H.K.)

ان كتابھ ، يداليم ديع هو بنفسھ أعطاه ، : أنا عندي كتاب ،أ ي أعطاه هو عملاو

. ن أصبح كتا ي ولكن

27



H.W. : ] ] youssefترجم إ نجل ية

عط ا ن اصبح كتابك ،وانت يمكن أيضا أن ان كتابھ ولكن ، ھسفنب ھباتك كاطعأ وه

________________________________________________ . نفس الكتاب بنفسك

__________________________________________________________

ي معرفة ان ال

ر

و

سماpersonal pronounsومن الضر بنوعيھ ممكن استخدامما م ان

ل

ف أصال) ،فمثال يمكن ان نقو

و

ن معر

ض ان ي و

و

وهذا املفر )

Ahmed is a teacher. Ahmed and George are teachers.

ل

.He is a teacherو مكن أن نقو They are teachers.

ل

The girlوأيضا يمكن أن نقو is beautiful. The cat is young.

ل

Sheأو نقو is beautiful. (H.K.) It is young.

She gave the book toو Magdy . They asked Mary .

She gave the book toأو him . They asked her .

.من امل هذا الن استخداما م كث ة جدا ل م أن نذكر

28



Level 7

Gerund (its pronunciation is djerend ) :

A gerund is used : [ youssef]

1) After certain prepositions ف ا ر)

و

:(� عد حر

- He is interested in learning English . / - I'm accustomed to getting up early.

- We're looking forward to seeing you . / - She went on crying all the time .

- They talked about solving the problems.

2) After certain expressions (تاحالطصا ضع � �) (go on , carry on , keep on , be usedعد

to , got used to , no use , worth , give up , would you mind) :

- He kept on interrupting us. / - I'm used to getting up early.

- I got used to getting up early. (H.K.)

ستخدمgot used toك التعود منam used toالحظ ان بداية التعود ،gotي ن

ستخدم � عد التعود تماما amثم ع . verb beو

- This car is nice , it's worth buying. / - There is no use trying this again.

- I don't feel like eating lunch. / - will you give up smoking.

- Would you mind giving it to me. [ youssef]

3) Gerund is also used as a subject of a sentence كمبتد ) : ( البداية و

- Learning English is very important. / - Driving quickly can be dangerous.

- Swimming and walking are good exercises.

4) And as an object of a sentence when it (the gerund) comes after the following

verbs , enjoy , like , dislike , love , hate , begin , stop , finish , avoid) : (� عد فعال)

appreciate , mind, consider , discuss , delay , go , hear , imagine , keep, give up ,

prevent).

25



- I'll go when I've finished doing my work. / - They enjoy praying.

- I can't imagine Magdy driving a truck. / - Stop talking.

- She likes walking. / - It started raining last night.

- Would you mind giving it to me. (H.K.)

H.W. : ترجم إ نجل ية

1 ___________________________________ نجل ية اسة

ر

) م متم ن بد

2 __________________________________________ ) و يحب التمشية

3 _____________________________________ ستحق الشرا ) ذا البت

القاد--- ن صعب ،إذا ا جز

املوضوعقد ي و فضل ولكنھ يتعلق بنفس

ن

دت تأجيلھ ي و

ر

لذلك كتناه نا.

ق ب ن استعمال ال

وو صل وinfinitiveو ن استعمال الgerundونا يفضل توضيح الفر

) مصدر الفعل

verb� عدا فعال ال يمكن ن نضع � عض ، (gerund)فيوجد و

infinitive

to + يغ ن

بدو � عدا) ى يتغ املع إذا وضعنا

� عض فعال خر و وجد ، ةلم ا ع

gerund) � عدا . (to + infinitiveعن إذا وضعنا

1( : عملا يغ ن

ثن ن بدو � عدا ي من فعال ممكن نضع يام

Like , hate , start , begin , prefer

- She likes walking = She likes to walk

-

It started raining last night = It started to rain last night.

� عدا )2 فعال يتغ � عدا املع إذا وضعنا ياموgerund ادع � + (toعن إذا وضعنا

infinitive).

Stop , try

- He stopped playing . He stopped to play .

- Try swimming . Try to swim . [ youssef]

26



و) باضافة ختبار و التغيing : حيث ا ملة و : نوع من التجر ة ا ن املقصود

) ي و

: مثل

I have had a headache for 2 hours now, I tried taking an aspirin but it didn't help.

ملر (to + infinitive)والثانية : ا ن املقصود

:ي و وقت و بصفة عامة ،مثل ي واحدة و

Try to be quiet when you come home late , everyone will be asleep. (H.K.)

ال --- اسما خر ،كذا يضاingباضافةgerundوكما عملنا اسما يمكن عمل

:باالضافات التالية اية ال لمات

To form nouns : we add suffixes (see page 11) , some of which are :

-ness (kindness) , -ship (friendship) , -hood (childhood) , -ry (bakery) , -ism

(socialism) , -ist (scientist) , -ion (invention) , -ation (information) , -ance

(ignorance) , -ency (presidency) , -r (maker) , -er / -ar / -or (actor) .

H.W. Write the noun form of each of the following words :

Verb Noun Verb Noun

Make Inform

Build Do

Translate into Arabic:

I don't feel like doing it _______________________________________

They hate playing football ______________________________________

Jv[l

ترجم إ نجل ية

____________________________________________ نا متعود سيقظ مبكرا

___________________________________________ الشرا ستحق ذه الشقة

The Arabic Alphabet فبجدية العر� ية

و

ا حر

27



حالة ال جمة من عر ي النجل ي ،ي عند استخدام قاموس عر ي ةر

و

انجل ي-و ضر

ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش ز س ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب

لمة عر ي باالنجل ي ،نرجع ال لمة ألص عم ةفرعم جاتحن امدنعو لا ثم نبحث ع ا

، سوماقلا

نجدا ن"

"يلعبو لمة ،وكذلك مثال " شغل" و ل مشتقا ا نجدا " شتغل" : لمة مثال

شتغل ن ترجمة

و التا ت و " لعب" . ن" "He worksو ل مشتقا ا

،وترجمة يلعبو

"They play" .

H.W. : )(.H.Kترجم إ نجل ية

1 _______________________________________ س

ر

ن) للمد

( ستمعو ن

) الطلبة يصغو

2 __________________________________________________ ) امل مفيد ل سم

Things to Know [ youssef] : Subjects : A subject tells who or what is doing the main

verb . It can be a regular noun, pronoun or a gerund.

Appositives : An appositive is simply a noun phrase that defines the subject. It must

be identical to the subject and provide additional information. A comma must

immediately precede and follow the appositive.

Ex.: Aids, a highly infectious disease, causes death.

Modifiers : They describe or give more information about the subject, verb, or other

modifiers.

Ex.: Canada, which has a small population, covers slightly more territory than the

United States does. [ youssef]

N.B. Adjectives are modifiers for nouns, and adverbs are modify verbs, adjectives or

other adverbs.

28



Subordinations (modifying clauses) : They combine two or more sentences into

one sentence. The subordinate clause usually contains a relative pronoun.

Relative pronouns are :

Who / which / that / when / whose / where

Ex.: He plays with a ball. The ball is blue / He plays with a ball that is blue.

Conjunctions : They express a relationship between ideas.

There are two basic types of conjunctions :

1) those that show agreement between ideas, like : because / also / in addition to /

such as / as well as / as

2) Those that show disagreement between ideas, like : Although / but / however /

despite / in spite of / whereas

Conjuncion Patterns : like : either … or / neither … nor / both … and / such … as / not

only … but also

وصل ل ت ا م ل �oining words

And / so / as well / both .. and / as well as / either .. or / neither.. nor / but / not only ..

but also (but.. also) / when / as soon as / because / as / since / to / in order to / so as

to / so that (so.. that) / in order that / such a (an).. that

Ex : We may go either to Cairo or to Alexandria, we haven't decided yet.

Neit her

Ahmedno

r George did the homework.

Mary is studying hardso that

she may get high grades.

It was such an interesting book t hat I read it several times.

29



Other expressions followed by a gerund : Responsible for doing something /

punish someone for doing something / capable of doing .. / believe in … / known for

… / accuse someone of … / committed to … / succeed in … / excited about … /

participate in … / take part in … / admit to … / confess to … / blame someone for … /

keep someone from … / prohibit someone from … / forgive someone for something .

H.W.: In your h.w. copy book : 1) Put each of the following words in a sentence

: capable / either / although / because / when / who / but also .

2) Write a sentence with a gerund as a subject.

Adverbs ف

و

الظر

(وقتھ) . مانھز

ال تدل ع كيفية حدوث الفعل و م انھ و ف ا

و

ل باختصار عن الظر

نقو

Adverbs are related to verbs , they tell : 1) how , 2) where , and , 3) when , the verbs

are done.

1) How : like : fast , quickly

Ex: He runs fast .ةعرس � ي

/ He did itو بيجر very quickly .ادج ةعرس � و عملا

2) When : like : next , now , yesterday (H.K.)

Ex: Next thing you should do is this./ She went there yesterday . Do it now .

3) Where : like : nowhere , anywhere , here , there , out

Ex: I couldn't find it anywhere . / Come here . [ youssef]

30



نجل ي تت ب --- ف

و

lyومعظم الظر : He ran slowlyمثل

lyولكن يوجد صفات تت يضا ب : A friendly personمثل

Adjectives الصفات و النعوت

و ال تتأثرتصف سماي الصفات و النعوت الdescriptive ما واملعروفة دائما

�red, young.(H.K.)عدد و نوع املوصوف مثل

--- الحظ

الصفا

(adjectives)تصف اسما ،ما الظروف

(adverbs)_ كما قلنا تصف

: فعال ،مثال

H.W. Write 6 adverbs that say how a verb is done _________________

__________________________________________________________

Write 6 descriptive adjectives __________________________________

__________________________________________________________

تية _______ ،ما ال :adverbsالكمل ا جملة _______ adjectivesيصفوا يصفوا

Conversations :

31



Making suggestions : Shall we go swimming ? (let us go swimming) (why don't we

eat dinner there ?) (How about doing this ?) / Yes, sure (that is a good idea) (it

sounds great) (ok.) . (H.K.)

--- There is a football game at the stadium tomorrow , do you want to go ? (would

you like to go ?) (how about going ?) / yes, sure (I'd like to) (may be) (I don't know) ,

what time is it? / at 7:30 / ok. see you there .

Asking for permission :

Asking for permission Giving the permission Refusing the permissionMay I [ youssef]

(can I)

(could I)

drink some water

Yes , sure (certainly)

(of course)

(here you are) (help

yourself)

I'm sorry

(sorry I need it myself)

Do you mind if I borrow

your book?

No, of course I don't mind.

(no problem)

Yes, I 'm using it right now.

(Yes , I need it)

Giving thanks : Thank you (thanks) (thanks a lot) (I appreciate your help) / you're

welcome (you are very welcome any time) (my pleasure)

To agree or disagree : Do you agree with me ? (what do you think ?) (Is that right ?)

/ I agree with you (I agree with all what you've just said except ..) (yes, that's right)

(exactly) (you are absolutely right) or Sorry I don't agree (I disagree with you) (I

don't think so) ( that is not right because .. ..) [ youssef]

To ask for help : Could you help me ? (may you do me a favor ?) / yes, sure (of

course)

--- Would you mind doing this for me ? / no, I don't mind (yes , I'm sorry I can't)

(H.K.)

32



H.W. Practice all these conversations with any of your friends

33




Adjectives and adverbs

Adverbs ف

و

الظر

(وقتھ) . مانھز

ال تدل ع كيفية حدوث الفعل أو م انھ أو ف أ ا

و

ل باختصار عن الظر

نقو

Adverbs are related to verbs , they tell : 1) how , 2) where , and , 3) when , the verbs are

done.

1) How : like : fast , quickly

Ex: He runs fast . He did it very quickly .

2) When : like : next , now , yesterday (H.K.)

Ex: Next thing you should do is this. She went there yesterday . Do it now .

3) Where : like : nowhere , anywhere , here , there , out

Ex: I couldn't find it anywhere . Come here .

نجل ي تت ب --- ف

و

lyومعظم الظر : He ran slowlyمثل

ولكن يوجد صفات تت أيضا ب

ly : مثل

[ youssef]A friendly person

ف ---

و

عت ظر تية : (adverbs)وال لمات

Where , when , how , why , before , after , while , since , there , rarely , seldom , should ,

had , little , not only , nowhere , no sooner , never

Examples : Rarely has he done a good job.

Seldom do I eat butter.

Should they come , we wouldn't go out.

Had he prayed , he would have succeeded.

Not only did he succeed but he also got the best grade.

Never will I do that again.

Nowhere could they find her.

Adjectives الصفات أو النعوت

29



1( و ال تتأثر descriptiveأهما واملعروفة دائما أي الصفات أو النعوت ال تصف أسما

. �red, youngعدد أو نوع املوصوف مثل

2(Quantitative لثم درفم � عدها دائما الموصوف ن

much , little , someصفة تب ن كمية و و

, enough .

3(Numeral ن بت ةفصلثم عم ا � عدها ن املوصوف

, many , fewلعدد و التا سي و

three , no.

4(Distributive لثمeach , every.

5(Possessive وه أي صفات امللكية

My , your , his , her , its , our , your , their , whose .

6 (Demonstrative : وهم ة ر

شا للمفرد البعيد that،للمفرد القر ب this ،صفات

these ، ل مع البعيthoseل مع القر ب

7 (Relativeهو what, which, whatever, whichever ex : I had to wait for 4الصفات املوصولة

hours , during which I watched a movie.8 (Interrogative مهو ستفام , whatصفات

which.

(الصفات) ف والنعوت

و

الظر صيغة التفضيل

The Comparison of adjectives and adverbs [ youssef]

نة) :ر

(املقا صيغة التفضيل ف والصفات

و

عند وضع الظر

(مقطع أو اثن ن) ستخدم --- :estأو erال لمات الصغ ة ل

فمثال نقو

Rich , richer , the richest

الحظ اضافة

erلو واحد أغ ى من الest لو واحد أغ ى من خر أو خر ن واضافة

ستخدم --- ال لمات ال تز د عن مقطع ن : mostوmoreأما مثل

Wonderful , more wonderful , the most wonderful

فtheوالحظ اننا دائما نضع مع

(ا ردة) --- صلية س ى positiveو س ى ال لمة س ىcomparativeوالثانية والثالثة

superlative.

30



ن ا) ---ر

( مقا تفضيلا ف املنتظمة

و

ل لبعض الظر

هو جدو يامو

The following is a table of comparison of some regular adverbs :

Positive [ youssef] Comparative Superlative

Fast Faster Fastest

Early Earlier Earliest

Quickly More quickly Most quickly

Hard Harder Hardest

High Higher Highest (H.K.)

ن ا) ---ر

( مقا تفضيلا ف الغ منتظمة

و

ل لبعض الظر


The following is a table of comparison of some irregular adverbs :

Positive Comparative Superlative

Well Better Best

Badly Worse Worst

Late Later Latest (last)

Little Less (lesser) Least

Much (many) More Most

مثل --- ،ليضفتلا ةغيص ف ال ال تأ ي

و

� عض الظر Completely, immediatelyو وجد

ستخدم--- � عض ال لمات ال يمكن أن وو وجد

ستخدم أيضاكظر ،مثل:كصفاو مكن أن

Fast , cheap , high , short , fine , straight , bright , flat , free , sharp , hard , late , loud ,

real Ex: A fast car runs fast.

: adjectivesوال adverbsحال الونالحظ أن ---

انت ال لمة تت ب1 ان estأوerقبلھ حرف متحرك تأخذ (Yإذا كبقية ال لمات ،أما إذا

هناك حرف ساكن قبل ال

yنحذف ال

yونضع م ا ا

I: مثل

31



Grey , greyer , greyest / busy , busier , busiest

2 خ y، انت ال لمة تت بحرف ساكن غ ا) أما إذا وقبلھ حرف متحرك ،نضاعف ا رف

: big , bigger , biggest / hot , hotter , hottestمثل

3: ف والصفات ،وذلك مثل ال لمات

و

نة الظرر

ع كمية قبل مقا لا تامل لا مادختسا نكمي (

a bit / a little / much / a lot / far (H.K.)

ex : He is much (a lot) richer than her / this watch is much more expensive than the

other one / may you walk a bit (a little) more slowly / the discovery was far more

dangerous than we thought at first.

و السبة للصفاتadjectives

ف (adjectives)اأذكر أن الص ---

و

،أما الظر _،كما قلنا تصف أفعال(adverbs)تصف اسما

: ،Arabic. He speaks Arabic perfectly. perfect Ex : He speaksمثال

ن اللواحق بال(suffixes)يمكن عمل صفات بكث من اللواحق ---

مثلة وست و � عض ،وسنكتب

bold

wonderful, patient, bored, blackened, reddish, tiresome, metallic, natural, active, friendly,

Egyptian, American, Chinese , secondary , partial, interesting.

--- : تفضيلا ل ببعض الصفات املنتظمة


The following is a table of comparison of some regular adjectives :


Fast Faster [ youssef] Fastest

Young Younger Youngest

Friendly More friendly Most friendly

Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful

Interesting More interesting Most interesting (H.K.)

ل ---

هو جدو يامو: تفضيلا ببعض الصفات الغ منتظمة

The following is a table of comparison of some irregular adjectives:

32




Good Better Best (H.K.)

Bad (ill) Worse Worst

Little (uncountable)

Few (countable)

Less (lesser)

Fewer

Least

Least

Near Nearer Nearest (next)

Much (many) More Most

Far Farther (further) Farthest (furthest)

Late Later Latest (last)

Old Older (elder) Oldest (eldest)

Out Outer (utter) Outmost (utmost)

Up Upper Upmost

In [ youssef] Inner Inmost (innermost)

--- : مثل صيغة التفضيل � عض الصفات ال ال توضع Rectangular , correctو وجد

--- Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together , ex : Roushdy lives in a nice new

house .

حسب الكالم املستخد –ingأو �–edعض الصفات تت ب --- ،

Some adjectives end in –ed or –ing like , bored and boring , for we say: someone is –ed

if something (or someone) is –ing , or , if something (or someone) is –ing it makes you

–ed , (H.K.)

ex : Zaki is bored with his job . / Zaki's job is boring .

Are you interested in buying a nice house ?

Did you meet anyone interesting at the club ?

Other adjectives that can end in –ed or –ing are : satisfied , worried , excited , confused

, annoyed , astonished , amazed , amused , terrified , depressed , shocked .

33



نالحظ أن الصفات ال تت ب ل إY وهنا أيضا

مثل iedقبلھ حرف ساكن تتحو

worried, terrified ب تت لا تافصلا امأ ، y ال فيضنو edقبلھ حرف متحرك تبقى كما

.annoyedمثل

--- Sometimes we use adjectives after some verbs , especially be and get , ex : be patient ,

be careful , I'm getting hungry . [ youssef]

H.W. : __________________________ 1ترجم إ نجل ية ل م ا

هو أطو (

2 ______________________________________ � سولة ن انجل ي

هم يت لمو (

3 ________________ هذا قميص أبيض جميل ( _________________________

4 _____________________________________ صفر مر ح جدا هذا الفستان (

5 ____________________________________________ ) أك ص ا منھ

H.W. Complete the following table : اتلا ل

أكمل ا دو

Positive Comparative [ youssef] Superlative

Fast

Better

Most

Quickly

The following is a table of some nouns and their adjectives :

Nounsى

� ملع

Adjectives Nounsى

� ملع

Adjectives

Accuracy دقة Accurate Honesty أمانة Honest

Aggression عدوان Aggressive Hunger جوع Hungry

Anger غضب Angry Joy (H.K.) فرح Joyful

Anxiety قلق Anxious Kindness طيبة Kind

Ascetic,

asceticism

هد

ز

،فشقت Ascetic Length ل

طو Long

Bigot, ) متعصب

Bigoted Loneliness، ةدحو

Lonely

34



bigotry ي) أ ر ل ا ة ي ن ا د

Boredom ملل Bored /

boring

Loyalty وفا Loyal

Bravery اع Brave Maturity ن Mature

Cleverness ذ ا Clever Necessity أهمية Necessary

Confidence ثقة Confident Nervousnes

s

عصية Nervous

Creation خليقة Creative Outgo ج

و

ا ر Outgoing

Deathموت

Dead Patience ص

PatientDiscipline ذيب ، ماظن Disciplined Popularity شرة ، ةيبعش Popular

Energy طاقة Energetic Probability احتمال Probable

Equality مساواة Equal Rarity ة

ر

ند Rare

Faithfulness ثقة Faithful Reality حقيقة ،واقع Real

Fluency طالقة لسان Fluent Responsibili

ty

مسئولية Responsible

Friendliness

/friendship

صداقة Friendly Selfishness أنانية Selfish

Happiness سعادة Happy Shyness خل Shy

Hard-work مة شغل Hard-

working

Stupidity بالهة Stupid

Heat ة

ر

حرا Hot Thirst عطش Thirsty

Height تفاع

ر

ا High Wisdom حكمة wise

Tenses [ youssef] منة

ز

simpleبالسبة ل---

Simple (Simple Tense)

Present Past Future

35



I eat I ate I shall eat

You eat You ate You will eat

He (she , it) eats He (she , it) ate He (she , it) will eat

We eat We ate (H.K.) We shall eat

You eat You ate You will eat

They eat They ate They will eat

(كما قلنا من قبل) ان ال . presentاhe, she, itبتأ ي فقط مع sونالحظ فقط

H.W. Complete the following table like the previous one using verb "Drink".أكمل ا دول

" شرب" التا مثل السابق مستخدما الفعل

Simple (Simple Tense)

Present Past [ youssef] Future

I drink I drank I shall drink

You drink

He, she, it

We

--- ب ق

هناك فر معرف ا و انھ هامة يجب وهنا م وظة

و present ا he, she, itمع verbsالذين يأتوا مع ا s, es, iesال ،

s, es, ies ال :nounsسما الذين يأتوا عند جمع ،فمثال

He (she, it) : eats, enjoys, / goes, does, / carries, tries

Pen-pens, toy-toys, / dish-dishes, box-boxes, / factory-factories

السطر ن السابق ن ان ال ل لYوالحظ

انiesتتحو ان قبلا حرف ساكن فقط ،أما اذا إذا

ونضيف لاقبلا فق sحرف متحرك تبقى كما

:simple tenseولتوضيح استخدامات ا --- ) ) Key wordsال ظ لأك نأخذ أمثلة

He always writes letters to his friends.

Last week she wrote many letters to her friends.

36



I'll write a letter to him tomorrow . (H.K.)

سناه من قب---

ر

سلوب الذي د ن بنفس

(وأجو ة) لذه ا مل السابقة ،ت و ولعمل أسئلة

1) Does he always write letters to his friends? / yes, he always writes letters to his friends

/ yes, he does / no, he doesn't always write --

2) Did she write any letters to her friends? / yes, she wrote some letters to her friends /

yes, she did / no, she didn't write any --

3) Will you write a letter to him tomorrow? / yes, I shall / no, I shan't

the sun risesمثل factsفو يت لم أيضا عن حقائق present simpleو السبة لل ---

--- املا ، نجد أن الفعل الذي يت ب و السبة لعمل الفعل

yوقبلا

vowel يأخذ

edمثل

play - playedب تي يذلا لعفلاو ، yلا لن نكاس فرح البقو y عضنوied لثمcarry –

carriedلا نعانلقام امامت ھبش وذلك ،Yلا ةيا وال nounsال verbsال تأ ي

adjectives.

ن استخدامsimple futureو السبة لل ---

(بدو وهو يتم بshall, willيمكن عملھ باسلوب خر (

v.be + going to الثم ل

ا I am going to eatفنقو ومن املمكن استخدام I'll eatواملقصود .

ولكن أحيانا ، ضع � going toثن ن بدل ستخدم حاالت املستقبل القر ب وأحيانا ستخدم ئ ع وشك ا دوث الكالم عن املستقبل أو التخطيط للمستقبل أو ئ عمل اثبات النية

: It is going to be hot today [ youssef]مثل

ق وا ب ن

ال(الذي سشرcontinuousو ن اgoing toو الطبع الفر وهوlevelھ ، (مداقلا

inggoing toان ال ن دائما

أما اgoingت و ،ingا cont. ا ن دائما

نفسھ verbت و

ل مثال:

،فنقو

I am going to eat (أنا سآ ل) , orأو

, I am eating now ن) أنا ل )

I was going to eat هآ ل)(أنا كن ت , or , I was eating (أنا كنت بآ ل)

Active and passive ل

املب للمعلوم واملب للمجو

.tensesولك م اسلوب كالم وف مtensesلسواactive and passiveالحظ ان ال

ل ا اص بال

هنا ا دو ل personal pronounsنحتاج أن نتذكر

و يھ حيثوخاصة ا ز

ل ل""Iنجد مثال أن

meتتحو ،"he"ل ل

. himتتحو وهكذا

37





--- Hello / hi Ann / is Mary there / sure , hold on she is listening to the radio , Mary , it is

for you .

--- Hello John , are you busy? / well I'm eating lunch right now , can I call you back later /

sure no problem .

About a trip : Hi Aly , how was your trip , I just talked to George and he said it was really

nice / nice ! I thought it was awful , the weather wasn't very good , the people weren't

friendly , and the hotel wasn't good at all / was the food any good ? / Ya it was delicious .

(H.K.)

At the airlines office : I'd like to go to New York on Tuesday flight / ok. Madam / what

are the departure and arrival times please ?

39




Tenses [ youssef] منة

ز

� عض ،وذلك للسولة لم مع شرحم � عض ثم لم مع منة سنكت مز

بالسبة لأل

لھ ببعض و التا اتقا م أك . وللسولة أك سنأخذ من ال نة

ر

لمpronounsوملقا معم

اتلا ل

هذا ا دو "I" . pronounsستخدم بقية الفقط ،ثم � عض التطبيقات مع

ا ادثات هام جدا (الفصل) تماما ،النھ هذا الباب هتمام بفم وحفظ و رجا

(conversations).باتكلا اذه بواب ال تليھ ل والنھ مب عليھ

ى نالو: اآل ي � عض ال لمات (بل دايما نذكر) أننا دائما سنختصرPresent = pr. / past = pa. / future = fu. / past participle = p.p. / simple = s. /

continuous = cont. / perfect = perf. / verb = v. (H.K.)

ل ف ا الم حوظة

من صفحة :past participle (p.p.)ستجد جداو 52ابتدا

Tenses [ youssef]

Simple (H.K.)

� سيط

Pr. I eat ( everyday , sometimes , always , usually , often)

Pa. I ate (yesterday , last night , in the past , ago)

Fu. I shall eat (tomorrow , next week , later) (H.K.)

Continuous

مستمر

V. be + --ing

Pr. I am eating (now , nowadays, today)

Pa. I was eating (while , as , when)

Fu. I shall be eating (tomorrow , at that time)

Perfect

تام

V. have + p.p.

Pr. I have eaten (already , just , almost , nearly , since , yet , not

yet , ever , never , now , today)

Pa. I had eaten (before , after , when , until)

Fu. I shall have eaten (by) (H.K.)

Perfect continuous

V.have + been+--

Pr. I have been eating (for , since)

Pa. I had been eating (for , since , before)

34



ing Fu. I shall have been eating (for , on , after)

ل النھ سي

هذا ا جدو ي جدا حفظ

ر

و

.من الضر فيد كث ا جدا

من12ونالحظ اننا عندنا

ز

(12 tenses) ،s. , cont. , perf. , perf. cont.الؤه و ل واحد من

عة فيھ ر

pr. , pa. , fu.ا س لمات ب ن قوس ن � عض ل واحد و .key wordsو جوار

. هذا الزمن ت و ن ساعد لا تامل لا

--� س .sال .هو � سيط س كلذلو ھبيك ل ط

و

عقيدات وال أي شر ،لس فيھ اي ط

--ال

cont. ا ا.prوهو املستمر ،أي أنھ فعل مستمر أآلن ان مستمر . ،paأوأثنا

، ن عم تقو حدوث فعل خر أو أثنا

ا .fuأو سي ون مستمرأثنا حدوث فعل خر أو أثنا

ن

مع

وقت

ن تركي

).)am eatingمثل verbاية الingثم verb beھ ب ،و و

(انت ) أو . perfال-- ن ،أو تم ن ا (بيت ) أو ع وشك بتم ، لعف وهو ، ماتلا وهو

املا ن ا ان ع وشكن

مع

وقت

أو

بفعل خر

نة

ر

باملقا

(سيت ) أو أو ستم

ن ن ع وشك

املستقبلسي و نة بفعل خر أو وقت مع ار

باملقا

ن تركيبھ

و و . verb

haveا مثp.p.لثم)have eaten. (

--ال

perf. Cont. وهو التام املستمر

استمرار الفعل و� داية أو اية عرف طول مدة ،وفيھه إ ن أو م .pr. اهذه املدة

ر

مدة استمرا ه.fuو ال.paبدأ ،و اما

ر

مدة استمرا

ن تركيبھ ب

و و . ايةingثم verb have + beenمن أو إ حدوث فعل خر أو وقت مع ن

(مثل ) .have been eatingالفعل

35



H.W. Complete the table using "drink" and one key word in each sentence

Tenses

Simple

� سيط

Pr. They always drink water (H.K.)

Pa. It

Fu. We

Continuous

مستمر

V. be + --ing

Pr. She

Pa. He

Fu. You

Perfect

تام

V. have + p.p.

Pr. You

Pa. They

Fu. It

Perfect

continuous

V.have+been+ --

ing

Pr. We

Pa. He

Fu. You

منون س ---

ز

ل ى مع بقية ال(tense)أخذ أمثلة عن

ل أخر

هيئة pronounsجداو ع وأ

م ان ل التفاصيل بقدر أسئلة وأجو ة لتوضيح

بالسبة لل :simple . تم شرحھ

--- لل

السبة

�و

continuous:

Continuous

Present Past Future

I am eating I was eating I shall be eating

You are eating You were eating You will be eating

He is eating He was eating (H.K.) He will be eating

She is eating She was eating She will be eating

36



It is eating It was eating It will be eating

We are eating We were eating We shall be eating

You are eating You were eating You will be eating

They are eating They were eating They will be eating

: ل مثال

ونقو

I'm praying now.ن صأ انأ

They were playing yesterday when I met them. ن باألمس حينما قابل م

انوا يصلو هم

She will be walking tomorrow when you come. ن بتم حينما تأ ي غدا

ست و

: ولعمل أسئلة وأجو� ة

Are you praying now? / Yes, I'm praying now / No, I'm not --

Were they playing yesterday when you met them? / Yes, they were playing yesterday

when I met them / No, they were not playing --.

Will she be walking tomorrow when I come? / Yes, she will be walking tomorrow

when you come / No, she'll not be walking --.

) الصفحة السابقة 47ولفم املستمر أك ، نكرر ماقلناهوهو أن (

ال

cont.هو

( ال ن أي أنھ فعل مستمر ، رمتسملاpr.ا ان مستمر أو ، (pa. حدوث فعل خر أثنا

وقت مع ن اأو أثنا ن مستمر

وقت مع ،fu.، أو سي و حدوث فعل خر أو أثنا أثنا

،

وب ھبيكرت ن

) .)am eatingمثل verbاية اingثم verb beو

37



H.W. complete the following table like the previous one using verb "play"

"يلعب" ل القادم مثل السابق مستخدما الفعل

أكمل ا دو

Continuous

Present Past Future

I am playing (H.K.)

You

He was

She

It will be playing [ youssef]

We

You

They

--- N.B. : The present continuous is also used for the near future (like going to),

specially with verbs of movement like "go, come, leave"

Ex: Ahmed is coming here next week. / They are leaving for U.S.A. on Friday.

فعا --- � عض ا(verbs)و جب مالحظة أنھ توجد أي النضيفcontinuousال ال تأ ي

:ingلا [ youssef]وم ا

Like , love , believe , hate , see , hear , understand , consist , contain , possess , belong ,

resemble , recognize , want .

وهو انھ عند اضافةوالبد أن ن --- مثلeنحذف ا eلفعل يت بingكر ما قلناه من قبل

write - writingةفاضا دنعو ،ingھلبق نكاس فرحب تي لعفل vowelفر ا فعاضن ،

مثل ، نكاسلاget - getting.

ا past continuousا --- ن الفعل ن

،ontinuousممكن ي و tense

Ex: While hewas reading

, the childrenwere playing

. (H.K.)

38



:perfectو� السبة ل ---

Perfect

Present Past [ youssef] Future

I have eaten I had eaten I shall have eaten

You have eaten You had eaten You will have eaten

He has eaten He had eaten He will have eaten

She's eaten (H.K.) She had eaten She will have eaten

It's eaten It had eaten It will have eaten

We've eaten We had eaten We shall have eaten

You've eaten You had eaten You will have eaten

they've eaten They had eaten They will have eaten

H.W. complete the following table like the previous one using verb "walk"

" مي" ل القادم مثل السابق مستخدما الفعل

أكمل ا دو

Perfect

Present Past Future

I have walked (H.K.)

39



: ولعمل أسئلة وأجو� ة

Have you prayed yet? / Yes I've already prayed. / No, I haven't prayed yet.

Had she written the report before he came? / Yes, she had written it before he came. /

No, she hadn't written it before he came. (H.K.)

Shall we have done the homework by 6:00 o'clock? / Yes, we shall have done it by

6:00 o'clock. / No, we shall not have done it by 6:00 o'clock.

صفحة هنا أيضا ماقلناه وهو أن47ونكرر ال

perf .وأ ( تيب) وهو فعل ،بتم ، ماتلا وه

املا ن ا ان ع وشك (انت ) أو ن ،أو تم ن ا ع وشكنة بفعل خر أو

ر

باملقا

، ن عم تقو

املستقبل ن ا ع وشكن

(سيت ) أو سي و أو ستمة بفعل خر أوباملقار

ن تركيبھ وقت مع ن.

. )have eaten([ youssef]مثل.p.pثم ا verb haveو و

:perfect continuousبالسبة لل ---

Perfect continuous

Present Past Future

I've been eating I had been eating I shall have been eating

You've been eating You had been eating You will have been eating

He's been eating He had been eating He will have been eating

She's been eating She had been eating She will have been eating

It's been eating It had been eating

(H.K.)

It will have been eating

We've been eating We had been eating We shall have been eating

You've been eating You had been eating You will have been eating

They've been eating They had been eating They will have been eating

H.W. complete the following table like the previous one using verb "talk"

"يت لم" القادم مثل السابق مستخدما الفعلل

أكمل ا دو

40



Perfect continuous

Present Past Future

I've been talking (H.K.)

:ة

�وأجو

أسئلة

ولعمل

Have you been playing here since 5:00 o'clock? / Yes. I have been playing here since

5:00 o'clock. / No, I haven't been playing here since 5:00 , I've been playing just for

half an hour. (H.K.)

Had they been praying for 3 hours before we went there? / Yes, they had been

praying for 3 hours before we went there / No, they had not been ----.

Will you have been studying here for 5 hours by 10:00 o'clock? / yes, we shall have

been studying here for 5 hours by 10:00 o'clock / No, we shall not have been

studying ----. [ youssef]

وهو أن 47صفحة .perfect contونكرر أيضا ما قلناه عن الهو التام.perf. Contال

املستمر

هذه املد ل مدة استمرار الفعل و� داية أو اية

عرف طو عرف ما. .prا ،وفيھ

ه إ ن أو م بدأ ،و الر

ه من أو إfu.و ال. paمدة استمرار

حدوث عرف مدة استمرا

ن تركيبھ ب

و و . (مثلingثم verb have + beenفعل خر أو وقت مع ن اية الفعل

have been eating. (

41



H.W. Answer the questions with Yes and No: [ youssef]

Is he drinking water now? Yes, _________________ No, __________________

Has she already eaten? Yes, __________________ No,____________________

Have they been praying for an hour now? Yes, ___________________________

(H.K.) No, _______________________________________________________

Were you talking when I called her? Yes, _______________________________

No, ___________________________________________________________

Will they have eaten when I come? Yes, ________________________________

No, ___________________________________________________________

Will you have finished eating when we come? Yes, _______________________

No, ___________________________________________________________

Do you always drink tea in the morning? Yes, ___________________________

No, ___________________________________________________________

Will she have been studying for an hour when we go to her?

Yes, __________________________________________________________

No, ___________________________________________________________

Conjugation of verbs فعال تصر ف

املا إ ، لعفلا ل وحت وهو(past) ل

أو (past participle)وإ اسم املفعو

pronouns.[ youssef]تصر فم مع ال

42



(القياسية) فعال املنتظمة أوedأوdو ال تأخذ (regular verbs)وهنا نجد

ied لا : past participleو ال pastالتصر ف الثا ي والثالث أ ي pray prayedمثل

prayed (ةذاشلا) فعال الغ منتظمة و وجد ،(irregular verbs) ولس لم قواعد

: .eat ate eatenتصر فم مثل

The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs(that take d) :

Regular verbs (that take "d") Regular verbs (that take "d")

Present

(infinitive)

عملا Past Past

participle

Present

(infinitive)

عملا Past Past

participleAdvise ني Advised Advised Hope يرجو Hoped Hoped

Agree يوافق Agreed Agreed Like ،بحي

يفضل

Liked Liked

Arrange يرتب ---d ---d Love يحب Loved Loved

Care ، تع

تم

Cared Cared Manage يدير ---d ---d

Continue ستمر ---d ---d Prepare ،رضحي

عد

---d ---d

Decide ر

يقر Decided Decided Promise يوعد ---d ---d

Deserve ستحق ---d ---d Refuse يرفض ---d ---d

Hate يكره ---d ---d Struggle يصارع ---d ---d

Hesitate ي دد ---d ---d (H.K.) [

youssef]

The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs(that take ed) :

Regular verbs (that take "ed") Regular verbs (that take "ed")

Presen عملا Past Past Presen

عملا Past Past

43



t

(infiniti

ve)

particip

le

t

(infiniti

ve)

particip

le

Affect يؤثر Affecte

d

Affecte

d

Learn

[

youssef

]

يتعلم Learne

d

(learnt)

Learne

d

(learnt)

Afford ، دمي

يقدر

Afforde

d

Afforde

d

Need يحتاج Needed Needed

Appear يظر ---ed ---ed Offend ع Offend

ed

Offend

ed

Arrest يقبض

ع

Arreste

d

Arreste

d

Offer ،مدقي

عرض

Offered Offered

Ask سأل Asked Asked Plan يخطط Planed Planed

Attack اجم Attacke

d

Attacke

d

Pretendيتظاهر

---ed ---ed

Avoid يتجنب Avoide

d

Avoide

d

Regret يندم ---ed ---ed

Beg يتوسل Begged Begged Resist يقاوم Resiste

d

Resiste

d

Blink يرمش Blinked Blinked Seem يبدو Seemed Seemed

Claim يطالب

ب

Claime

d

Claime

d

Shop ق

يسو Shoppe

d

Shoppe

d

Climb يسلق Climbe

d

Climbe

d

Slow يبطئ Slowed Slowed

Control يتحكم ---ed ---ed Smell شم Smelled Smelled

44



[

youssef

]

(smelt) (smelt)

Deman

d

يطلب ---ed ---ed

(H.K.)

Spell ي Spelled

(spelt)

Spelled

(spelt)

Discuss يناقش ---ed ---ed Start يبدأ Started Started

Drop سقط Droppe

d

Droppe

d

Step يخطو Steppe

d

Steppe

d

End تي

Ended Ended Stopيقف

Stopped

Stopped

Expect يتوقع Expecte

d

Expecte

d

Switch قل،ين

شغل

---ed ---ed

Fail ،طقس

يرسب

Failed Failed Threate

n

دد ---ed ---ed

Floatيطفو

Floated Floated Travel سافر ---ed ---ed

Guess يخمن ---ed ---ed Wait يتظر Waited Waited

Harvest يحصد ---ed ---ed Want ير د Wanted Wanted

Heat خن ---ed ---ed Water سقي ---ed ---ed

Intend ي

ينو ---ed ---ed Wish متي Wished Wished

The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs (that take ied) :

Regular verbs (that take "ie d

") Regular verbs (that take "ie d

")

Present

(infinitive)

عملا Past

[

youssef]

Past

participle

Present

(infinitive)

عملا Past

(H.K.)

Past

participle

Buryيدفن

Buried Buried Replyيجاوب

Replied Replied

45



Carry يحمل Carried Carried Worry يقلق Worried Worried

Marry ي وج Married Married [ youssef]

The following is a table of conjugation of someirregular verbs

:

rregular verbs rregular verbs

Present

(infinitive)

� ى مل Past Past

participle

Present

(infinitive)

� ى مل Past Past

participle

Am , is

(be)

ن

ي و Was Been Leave

[ youssef]

ي ك Left Left

Are (be) Were Been Lend يقرض Lent Lent

Bear يحتمل Bore Borne Let يجعل Let Let

Beat يضرب Beat Beat Lie يتمدد Lay Lain

Become يصبح Became Become Lie يكذب Lied Lied

Begin يبدأ Began Begun Lose ،رسخي

يفقد

Lost Lost

Bend ثي Bent Bent Make يصنع Made Made

Bet يراهن Bet Bet Mean ع Meant Meant

Bid يأمر Bade Bidden Meet يقابل Met Met

Bid يز د Bid Bid Pay يدفع Paid Paid

Bind ير ط Bound Bound Put يضع Put Put

Bite عض Bit Bitten Read يقرأ Read Read

Bleed ي ف Bled Bled Rebuild عيد بنا Rebuilt Rebuilt

Blow ينفخ Blew Blown Ride يركب Rode Ridden

Break يكسر Broke Broken Ring ن

ير Rang Rung

Breed ير ي Bred Bred Rise ،عفتري

يقوم

Rose Risen

46



Bring يحضر Brought Brought Run ي

يجر Ran Run

Build بي Built Built Saw يشر Sawed Sawn

Burst يفجر Burst Burst Say ل

يقو Said Said

Buy ش ي Bought Bought See ى

ير Saw Seen

Cast يلقي Cast Cast Seek يبحث Sought Sought

Catch يمسك Caught Caught Sell ييع Sold Sold

Chide يو خ Chided Chidden Send يرسل Sent Sent

Choose يختار Chose Chosen Set ،مظني

يثت

Set Set

Cling

[ youssef]

،قلعتي

يلتصق

Clung Clung Sew

(H.K.)

يخيط Sewed Sewn

Come يأ ي Came Come Shake ز Shook Shaken

Cost يت لف Cost Cost Shine يلمع Shone Shone

Creep يزحف Crept Crept Show ،رظي

يفرج

Showed Shown

Cut يقطع Cut Cut Shrink ينكمش Shrank Shrunk

Deal يتعامل Dealt Dealt Shut غلق Shut Shut

Dig يحفر Dug Dug Sing غ Sang Sung

Do عمل Did Done Sink غطس Sank Sunk

Draw

(H.K.)

،مسري

ب

Drew Drawn Sit يجلس Sat Sat

[

youssef]

Dream يحلم Dreamt Dreamt Slay يذبح Slew Slain

Drink شرب Drank Drunk Sleep ينام Slept Slept

Drive ق

سو Drove Driven Slide ي حلق Slid Slid

Dwell سكن Dwelt Dwelt Smell

شم Smelt Smelt

47



Eat يأ ل Ate Eaten Sow يبذر Sowed Sown

Fall يقع Fell Fallen Speak يت لم Spoke Spoken

Feed غذي Fed Fed Speed سرع Sped Sped

Feel شعر Felt Felt Spell ي Spelt Spelt

Fight يشاجر Fought Fought Spend يصرف Spent Spent

Find يجد Found Found Spill يدلق Spilt Spilt

Flee رب Fled Fled Split ،لصفي

شق

Split Split

Fly طي

Flew Flown Spreadيشر

Spread SpreadForbear يرفض /

ي فق

Forbore Forborne Spring

[ youssef]

عألزفقي Sprang Sprung

Forbid يمنع Forbade Forbidden Stand يقف Stood Stood

Forget ي Forgot Forgotten Steal ق

سر Stole Stolen

Forgive سامح Forgave Forgiven Stick يلصق Stuck Stuck

Freezeيجمد

Froze Frozen Stingيلذغ

Stung Stung

Get يحضر Got Got /

gotten

Strike يضرب Struck Struck

Give عطي Gave Given Strive يجاهد Strove Striven

Go يذهب Went Gone Swear يحلف Swore Sworn

Grind يطحن Ground Ground Sweep يكس Swept Swept

Grow ينمو Grew Grown Swim سبح Swam Swum

Hang شنق Hanged Hanged Swing

ر

يتأ Swung Swung

Hang علق Hung Hung Take يأخذ Took Taken

Have ، كلمي

عنده

Had

[

youssef]

Had Teach علم Taught Taught

(H.K.)

48



Hear سمع Heard Heard Tear ق

يمز Tore Torn

Hide خي Hid Hidden Tell ل

يقو Told Told

Hit يخبط Hit Hit Think يفكر Thought Thought

Hold يمسك Held Held Throw يرمي Threw Thrown

Hurt ،رضي

يجرح

Hurt Hurt Wear يلس Wore Worn

Keep ،ظفحي

خي

Kept

(H.K.)

Kept Weep يب ي Wept Wept

Kneelيركع

Knelt Knelt Winيكسب

Won WonKnow عرف Knew Known Write يكتب Wrote Written

Lay يضع Laid Laid

Lead يقود Led Led

ى ح التساه أبدا ل ي ---

هذا الباب مرة أخر اقرأ ، اتلا بابلل لاقتن ،قبل ون برجا

سل عليك فم كث مما سيأ ي.

49



Level 10 [Meena] (H.K.)

Active and passive ل

املب ي للمعلوم واملب ي للمجهو

،ي انtensesولك م اسلوب كالم وف مtensesلسواactive and passiveالحظ ان ال

. مجوال ن الفاعل

هو ،او ان ي و ن الفاعل معلوما من

الكالم ي و

ل من active and passive voicesحسن و سل طر قة لفم واتقان ال

عمل جدو ن

ل ال

صفحةtensesجدو ال 47املوجود غي شو ة pronouns مع ومع تكميل جز

ا خاص بال ل

ونحتاج ن نتذكر يضا ا دو . ا ملةpersonal pronouns

وخاصة ا ز

ل فيھ حيث نجد مثال ن

ل ل""Iو

meتتحو ،"he"ل ل

. himتتحو وهكذا

I [Meena] Me

You You

He Him

She Her

It It

We Us

You You

they Them

Tenses Active Passive [Meena]

Sim. Pr He eats apples Apples are eaten by him

Pa I ate an apple An apple was eaten by me

Fu They will eat apples Apples will be eaten by them

Con. Pr He is eating apples Apples are being eaten by him

Pa I was eating an apple (H.K.) An apple was being eaten by me

Fu They will be eating apples Apples will be being eaten by them

41



Per. Pr He has eaten apples Apples have been eaten by him

Pa I had eaten an apple An apple had been eaten by me (H.K.)

Fu They will have eaten apples Apples will have been eaten by them

p.c. Pr He has been eating apples Apples have been being eaten by him

Pa I had been eating an apple An apple had been being eaten by me

fu They will have been eating

apples

Apples will have been being eaten by

them

ي

الحظ

:1(An apple أ ا itمفرد فنتعامل معا

ي تأخذ ) was pastال

ح ن ،(apples ا ا ي تأخذtheyجمع فنتعامل معا )areوhaveلا presentذخأتو will

future.(

ن دائما فيھ ا (passive voiceت و ن ا2

: verbبتاع الpast participle (p.p.)ي و فنجد نھ

ن ا simpleال

. verb be + past participle (p.p.)منpassiveيت و

ن منcontinuousو ال

. verb be + being + p.pيت و

Perfectو ال. verb have + been + p.pيت ون من

ن من .perf. Contو ال

. verb have + been + being + p.pيت و

ن بدلا ( heدايما3

. by meسبدلا بIو by himي و وهكذا

42



H.W.Complete the following table like the previous one using verb "drink"

Tenses Active Passive [Meena]

Sim. Pr You drink milk Milk is drunk by you

Pa She drank milk (H.K.) Milk was drunk by her

Fu We shall drink milk

Con. Pr You

Pa She

Fu We

Per. Pr You

Pa

Fu

p.c. Pr

Pa

fu

--- ون لوعفم ا ف ل

ل two objectsن لنأخذ جملة طو ، قباسلا ل

،بنفس اسلوب ا دو

منة ،وسنجد طر قت ن لعمل ال ز

passive

Active (H.K.) Passive

She tells me stories Stories are told to me by her

I am told stories by herI told them a story A story was told to them by me

They were told a story by me

They will tell us stories Stories will be told to us by them

We shall be told stories by them

She is telling me stories Stories are being told to me by her

I am being told stories by her (H.K.)

43



I was telling them a story A story was being told to them by me

They were being told a story by me

They will be telling us stories Stories will be being told to us by them

We shall be being told stories by them

She has told me stories [Meena] Stories have been told to me by her

I have been told stories by her

I had told them a story (H.K.) A story had been told to them by me

They had been told a story by me

They will have told us stories Stories will have been told to us by themWe shall have been told stories by them

She has been telling me stories Stories have been being told to me by her

I have been being told stories by her (H.K.)

I had been telling them a story A story had been being told to them by me

They had been being told a story by me

They will have been telling us stories Stories will have been being told to us by

them

We shall have been being told stories by

them

ل السابق لھ ،ولكن فقط ضفنا فيھونالحظ ان

هو نفسھ ا دو ل

و to meهذا ا دو

to them. .. و

وم م two objects،يأخذ tellوكما ن الفعل --- ، ھلثم ى

يوجد يضا فعال خر

give, ask, send, show, teach, pay

Ex: The men were paid 500$ by him to do the job. [Meena]

I was giv en two hours by him to make my decision.

44



ا --- ا ملة الثانية منةز

ل نالحظ اننا من املمكن "-- "byال نكتبpassiveكما

منا هو الفاعل و طاملا انھ لن املوضوع طاملا انھ مفوم من غ ئ وهذا الن عدم كتاب ا لن

. هو الفاعل من

H.W.Complete the following table like the previous one using verb "teach"

Active [Meena] Passive

He teaches you English English is taught to you by him.

You are taught Eng. by him (H.K.)

We taught them Eng. Eng. was taught to them by us

You will teach her Eng.

He is teaching you Eng. Eng. is being taught to you by him

We were teaching them Eng.

You

He has taught you Eng.

45



ى. ---

� عض مثلة خر وهذه

The room looks nice, somebody has cleaned it

The room looks nice, it has been cleaned (by somebody)

The room looked nice, somebody had cleaned it

The room looked nice, it had been cleaned (by somebody)

� عض مثلة من ا جداو key wordsل السابقة مع استخدامون لن خذ

--- Every Sunday she tells them some short stories =

Every Sunday some short stories are told to them by her

--- While he was writing the letter , they came =

They came while the letter was being written by him

--- By 6:00 o'clock , I'll have told them a story =

By 6:00 o'clock a story will have been told to them by me

--- He has been writing the report to his manager for an hour now =

The report to the manager has been being written by him for an hour now .

--- The new hotel will be opened next month (H.K.)

--- That house is going to be painted after a week

--- leave him , he wants to be left alone

ستخدم ال لمات--- منة وال toshould, must, oughtحياناز

:active and passiveمع

--- Someone should have cleaned the house last Friday

The house should have been cleaned last Friday

46



--- Somebody must have stolen her car

Her car must have been stolen [Meena]

--- They ought to have cancelled the meeting

The meeting ought to have been cancelled

لمة ---orn

ا passiveدايما تأ ي

Where were you born? I was born in Cairo

How many babies are born in this hospital everyday?

--- استخدام

ing ال

active and passive:

I don't like people telling me what to do

I don't like being told what to do

: ق ب ن

It is said / He is said toالفر

It is said that he is 90 years old / He is said to be 90 years old.

It is believed that Noha eats one meal a day / Noha is believed to eat one meal a

day. (H.K.)

It is expected that the strike will begin tomorrow / The strike is expected to begin

tomorrow.

It is reported that two people were killed / Two people are reported to have been

killed .

: ئ عند عمل

Magdy repaired the roof yesterday (he did it himself)

Magdy had the roof repaired .. (he got someone else to do it)

: و نفس اسلوب ا ملة الثانية ،يمكن ان نكتب ا مل التالية

Have Object Past part.

We are having the house painted at the moment

Where did you have your hair (H.K.) done?

47



Roushdy has just had a telephone installed in his flat

I want to have my photograph taken

Coversation : When will she fix her car ? / It can't be fixed by just one person / Will

you help her? / she will be helped by her brother.

The following is a table of some verbs with their meanings , nouns and their

adjectives :

Present

infinit iv

e)

ى � مل Nouns

[Meena] Adjectives

Act عمل ،يمثل Action, actor, Acting, active

Affect يؤثر Effect Effective

Amaze يدهش Amazement Amazed / amazing

Apostate يرتد عن

العقيدة

Apostasy Apostate

Bear يحتمل Bearing (H.K.) Bearable

Beat يضرب Beat / beating Beaten

Blacken سود Black Black

Bleed ي ف Bleeding Bleeding

Blow ينفخ Blow / blowing Blown

Bow حني ، حي Bow / bowing Bowing

Break يكسر Break / breakage Broken

Build بي Builder / building Built / built-up

Care عت Care Careful

Choose يختار Choice / choiceness Choice / chosen

Comeيأ ي Coming Coming [Meena]

48



Compete ينافس Competition Competitive

Correct ي Correction, corrector Correct

Differ يختلف Difference Different (H.K.)

Do عمل Doing Done

Eat يأ ل Eater Eatable / uneatable

Encourage ع Encouragement / courage Encouraging /

courageous

Entertain س Entertainment Entertaining

Exchangeيبدل

Exchange ExchangeableExcite ثي Excitement Excited / exciting

Fly (H.K.) طي Fly / flying Flying

Forgive سامح Forgiver / forgiveness Forgiving

Grow ينمو Growth / grower Grown / grown-up

Infect عدي Infection Infectious

Informيبلغ

Information Informative

Lose يخسر Loser / loss Lost

Make يصنع Make / make-up / maker /

making

Made / made-up

Marry ي وج Marriage Married

Organize ينظم Organization Organized

Perfect امال يجعلھ Perfection / perfectionist Perfect

Practice ،س

ر

يما

ن

يتمر

Practice Practical

Pride يفتخر Pride Proud

Read يقر Read / reader / reading Readable / Unreadable

Reddenيحمر

Red Red

49



Regulate ينظم Regulation / regularity Regular

Rise يقوم Rise / rising Risen

Save (H.K.)ينقذ Safety Safe

Write يكتب Writer / writing written

The following is a table of some verbs with their meanings , past, past participle,

nouns and their adjectives :

Verb املع ى Past Past

partici

ple

Noun Adjective

Accuse ي م

(H.K.)

Accuse

d

Accuse

d

Accusation, accuser Accusing

Adapt يتكيف Adapte

d

Adapte

d

Adaptation, adapter Adaptable

Adopt بي Adopte

d

Adopte

d

Adoption,

adoptionism

Adaptive

Adultery

(commit

)

،ي زي

يفسق

Commi

tted

adulter

y

Commi

tted

adulter

y

Adultery,

adulteration

Adulterer, adulteress

Adulterous

Advise ني Advise

d

Advise

d

Advice, adviser,

advisor, advisability

Advisable,

advisory

Advocat

e

،عفش

يحامي

---d ---d advocate [Meena]

Afflict ،بصي

يؤذي

---ed ---ed Affliction Afflicted

Amazeيدهش

---d ---d Amazement Amazing

50



Anoint ، مي

يدهن

---ed ---ed Anointing,

anointment

Anointed

Appoint ،ن ع

يرسم

---ed ---ed Appointment

Bear يحتمل /

تحبل

Bore Borne Bearing Bearable

Beatify يطوب ---ied ---ied Beatification Beatified

Beget

[Meena]

يولد

،(رو ذلل)ينجب

Begot Begotte

n

Begetting (H.K.)

Believe يؤمن ---d ---d Believer, belief believable

Bestow ،بهوي

يمنح

---ed ---ed Bestowal

Betray ن

يخو ---ed ---ed Betrayal, betrayer

Betrothيخطب

---ed ---ed Betrothal

Bind ير ط Bound bound

Blame ،مولي

يؤنب

---ed ---ed Blame Blameful,

blameless,

blameworth

y

Blasphe

me

يجدف ---ed ---ed Blasphemy,

blasphemer

Bless ك

ر

يبا ---ed ---ed Blessedness, blessing Blessed,

blessing

Bound يحدد

( عطي

---ed ---ed Boundary,

boundlessness

Boundless

51



حدود)

Breathe ،سفني

يتسم

---d ---d Breath, breather Breathless

Cast ،يقلي

يطرد

Cast Cast Cast, casting Cast

Catechiz

e

(H.K.)

علم

بالسؤال

وا واب

---d ---d Catechism, catechist

Celebrate

يحتفل

---d ---d Celebration, celebrity Celebrated

Chasten,

chastise

يؤدب ---ed,

---d

---ed,

---d

Chastening,

chastisement

Chaste

Chase د

ر

يطا ---d ---d Chase

Circumci

se

يخ ن ---d ---d Circumcision Circumcised

Comfort ،

ي

عز

ير ح

---ed ---ed Comfort, comforter Comfortable

Comma

nd

، وي

يأمر

---ed ---ed Command,

Commandment,

Commander,

Commandant

Commandin

g

Confess ،ف ع

يقر

---ed

[Meena

]

---ed Confessant,

Confessor,

Confession

Confessed

(H.K.)

Consecr

ate

،سركي

يخصص

---d ---d Consecration Consecrated

52



Contribu

te

،ةمهاسم

عطا

---d ---d Contribution,

contributor

Contributor

y

Corrupt يفسد ---ed ---ed

[Meena

]

Corruption,

corrupter,

corruptness

Corrupt

Create يخلق ---d ---d Creator, creation,

creature

Creative

Do عمل Did Done Doer Done

Darken،قمغ يظلم

---ed ---ed Darkness, dark Dark

Deafen يجعلھ

صم

---ed ---ed Deafness Deaf

Die يموت ---d ---d Death Dead

Deepen عمق ---ed ---ed Depth, deepness Deep

Defileينجس

---d ---d Defilement Defiled

Deliver

(H.K.)

/ ينقذ

سلم

---ed ---ed Deliverer, delivery,

deliverance

Delivered

Descend ،

ي ل

بط

---ed ---ed Descendents, descent

Divorce يطلق ---d ---d Divorce, divorcee Divorced

Donate ب ،يت ع ---d ---d Donator, donation

Elect يختار ---ed ---ed Elector, election Elect,

electoral

Enchant ،رح

شعوز

---ed ---ed Enchanter,

enchantress,

enchantment

Enchanting,

enchanted

53



Fast يصوم ---ed ---ed Fast, fasting

Forgive ،رفغ

سامح

Forgav

e

Forgive

n

Forgiveness

(H.K.)

Forgiven,

forgiving

Free ر

يحر ---d ---d Freedom Free

Guide يرشد ---d ---d Guide, guidance

Leaven يخمر ---ed ---ed Leaven Leavened

Legalize ،نقي

ھيحعل

رش

---d ---d Legality, legalism,

legalization

Legal

Live ،ايحي

عش

---d ---d life, living Living, live,

alive

Love يحب ---d ---d Love, lover Loving,

lovely

Meditate يتأمل ---d ---d Meditation Meditative

Ministerيخدم

---ed ---ed Minister, ministry Ministerial

Offend ، ع

يضايق

---ed ---ed Offence, offense,

offender

Offencless,

offensive

Oppress يظلم ---ed ---ed Oppression,

oppressor

Oppressive

Praise سبح ---d ---d Praise Praiseworth

y praising

Pray صي ---ed ---ed Prayer Prayerful

Proceed ثق،ين

يتقدم

---ed ---ed Procession,

proceedings

Processional

Prophes

y

يتبأ ---ied ---ied Prophecy, prophet,

prophetess

Prophetic,

prophetical

54



Reform صي ---ed ---ed Reformist,

reformation

Reformed

Represe

nt

،لثمي

ينوب

---ed ---ed Representation,

representative

Representat

ive

Reveal علن

(H.K.)

---ed ---ed Revelation Revealing,

revealed

Revive ي ض ---d ---d Revival Revived

Revise يراجع ---d ---d Revision Revised

Symbolize

(H.K.)

يرمز

---d ---d Symbol, symbolism,symbolization

Symbolic,symbolical

Terrorize ،بهري

يفزع

---d ---d Terror, terrorism,

terrorist

Terrorist

Vote يتخب ---d ---d Vote, voter, voting Voting,

votive

55




Conditional If لو(الشرطية)

: ل

بساطة جدا نقو

� عد1 ا جملة ا (ifانھ لو جز ن النصف الثا ي ب presentان

ن املقصود willي و

،و و

(ولس ا اضر) ،مثل كالم عن املستقبل

If he prays , you will succeed.

2 � د) ولو نصف ا جملة

if ا ان

pastخر ب النصف

ن

ي و would

املقصودن

،و و(ولس املا ) ،مثل كالم عن ا اضر

If he prayed , you would succeed.

� عد3 / past perf. (orال (ifولو نصف ا جملة past perf . cont.) ب رخ ن النصف

ي و

would have + past participle ثم ، املا وه ن الزمن املقصود

و و

If he had prayed , you would have succeeded.

If he had been praying , you would have succeeded.

H.W. Complete the sentences: [ youssef]

If she eats, they __________________________________________

If we bought the house, he __________________________________

If you had done it, he ______________________________________

If he had been working, she __________________________________

القواعد الثالثة الرئسية ،ما خالف ذلك فيمكن الت لم بحسب سياق الكالم --- هذه

س و حسب ل ان خالف ذلك

و كالم مفتوحopen conditionمايفم السامع ،و ممكن القو

و ال ، عماسلا مفيام بسحب مل تلا ة رح open condition : حقائق ثابتة ،وذلك مثل

If you are right , I'm wrong

47



--- : ى ع القواعد الثالثة الرئسية

مثلة خر يامو

If he goes to the club tomorrow , I'll meet him.

If I were you , I would pray every time. (H.K.)

If he had informed the police , he would not have been killed.

هذه ا جمل ،ي دائما مع ل خ من ا جملة والifونالحظ ن يمكن ن نأ ي با جز

ن

خ ، مث ا جifوت و

I'll meet him if he goes to the club tomorrow.

ا جملة الثانية استخدمنا فمعIمع wereونالحظ اننا ،ifمدختس ل wereيمكن ن مع

الضمائر

(pronouns) بدل التصر ف العادي ل

verb be ستخدم ،ولكن ممكن يضا

التصر ف العادي ،فمثال

ي ل

If heمكن ن نقو were at home , he would help her.

ل

If heو يضا يمكن ن نقو wa s at home , he would help her.

: ifولعمل س لة ب اآل ي ن

تكو

--- 1) What will you do if you have a lot of money? I'll buy a car.

2) What would you do if you had a lot of money? I'd buy a car. (H.K.)

3) What would you have done if you had had a lot of money? I would have bought a

car.

--- 1) If you have a lot of money , will you buy a car?

Yes, I will buy a car. No, I won't buy a car.

2) If you had a lot of money , would you buy a car?

Yes, I would. No, I wouldn't. [ youssef]

3) If you had had a lot of money , would you have bought a car? Yes, I'd have bought

a car. No, I wouldn't have bought a car.

--- ) نمرة (1وكما قلنا من قبل ،الزمن املقصود نمرة و لبقتسملا وه (2و رضا ا وه (

) .3نمرة املا وه (

--- : و لبق نم ا ع انمل ت لا تا

ر

ختصا و ذكر

48



1(I'llراصتخاI shall .2(I won't راصتخاI will not .3(I'dراصتخاI wouldراصتخاوI

had.

H.W. Answer the questions with Yes and No:

If he has good health, will he help her?

Yes, _________________________ No, _________________________

If they prayed a lot, would she give you some help?

Yes, _________________________ No, _________________________

If we had prayed, would they have succeeded? [ youssef]

Yes, _________________________ No, _________________________

هو ،نفس القواعد ونفس " "if notبدلunlessوممكن استخدام ئ كما ل ن

في و

: املع ، مثلة

I f he doesn t work hard , they won't pay him.

Unless he works hard , they won't pay him.

I f he didn t g o out , we would visit him. (H.K.)

Unless he went out, we would visit him.

I f I hadn t visited your brother , I wouldn't have seen you.

Unless I had visited your brother , I wouldn't have seen him.

--- و حيانا

unless ي

ع

"except if" :لثم

Sheriff can't hear unless you shout

: wouldبدل منifمعcould , mightو مكن يضا استخدام ---

We could go out if it stopped raining.

She could get a job more easily if she could type.

We might have won if we'd played better. (we'd = we had)

If the weather hadn't been so bad , we could have gone out.

49



(تم حدوث �ifعدonlyضفناواذا --- متلا وه ن املقصود

هو ،ولكن ي و ئ كما ل يظل

سھ مع

ر

وهذا سند ، (ئ لا wish : الصفحة القادمة ،ولكن كمثال

If only he was at home , he would help her.

Wishes [ youssef] (and if only)

[1] If the wish is in the future, we use present simple tense after "wish" . Ex.: It

will rain tomorrow, I wish it doesn't rain.

[2] If the wish is in the present simple (or present continuous), we use past

tense after "wish" (H.K.)

Ex: 1) I am short , I wish (if only) I was tall (I wish I wasn't short)

2) I don't have a nice watch , if only I had this watch .

3) He always comes late , if only he would come early .

4) Omar and Aly are shouting, their father wishes they would stop arguing.

5) It is raining hard , I wish it would stop raining.

--- 6) If the wish is fulfilled , there would be a consequence .

ex: We live far away from the beach , I wish we lived near the beach all the time , then

I could swim everyday .

[3] If the wish is in the past, we use past perfect tense after "wish"

Ex: 1) He ate too much , he wishes he hadn't eaten too much .

2) She came late , I wish she would've come early . [ youssef]

--- 3) If the wish was fulfilled , there would have been a consequence .

Ex: I didn't know that Mary was ill , I wish I'd (I had) known that she was ill , then I'd (I

would) have gone to see her . (H.K.)

--- [4] love to / like to (would --) (بمع التم ولس بمع محبة)

1) I'd love to get a car . 2) I'd like to apply to work as .. .. .

50



3) She would like to buy a house .

ل ماسبق ،ان ال :ها--- ifو ، wishشب ة conditional ifمع الtensesالحظنا من

only دع � ن الفعل

ن الزمن الذيif only:1و wishو ،ifاي عندما ي و

) ا اضر ي و

املستقبل. ن الزمن الذي يقصده امل2يقصده املت لم

املا ي و ن الفعل

لم) وعندما ي و

ال3هو ا اضر. � عدهم ن الفعل

ن الزمن الذي يقصده (past perfectوعندما ي و

ي و

: ى للتوضيح

وهذه مثلة خر ، املا وه املت لم

I didn't know that you were ill. If I d known that you were ill, I'd have gone to see

you.

I didn't know that you were ill. I wish (if only) I d k nown that you were ill, then I'd

have gone to see you.

: مثلة واحدة مشا ة لھ ولتجميع

1) If he goes to the club tomorrow, I'll meet him.

Unless he goes to the club tomorrow, I'll not meet him.

I wish (if only) he goes to the club tomorrow, then I'll meet him.

2) If I were you, I would pray every time. (H.K.)

Unless I were you, I would not pray every time.

I wish (if only) I were you, then I would pray every time.

3) If he had informed the police, he would not have been killed.

Unless he had informed the police, he would have been killed.

I wish (if only) he had told the police, then he would not have been killed.

H.W. complete the following

If they went home, she would see them

Unless ___________________________________________________

I wish (if only) _____________________________________________

يجب التمي ب نم حو--- : عif only ة لا wishن و ،only if ع لا

as long as , or , provided that , or , providing that: ،مثال

51



You may use my car as long as (but only if) you drive carefully.

] Letters] youssefخطابات

ي ال "الس ة الذاتية" مرفق لل ن

وهو بالطبع ي و ، لمع ع ميدقت باوج بتكنسو

"resume"لا و )"C. V.": هو ك استخداما ) ،وقد تختلف الصيغة قليال ولكن

Dear sir or Madam,

I would like to apply for (to work for) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

Sincerely yours

Magdy Youssef

ب --- Dear Sir (Dear Madam),(H.K.)ممكن نبد

--- وممكن نختم بد

sincerely yours: بأي واحدة مما يأ ي

Yours sincerely / yours respectfully / respectfully yours.

ق ---

خ Dear sir،وممكن ن نضع ع الشمال فور

(املرسل إليھ) والتا ،عنوان املستلم

ع من خ ع اليم نر

.Dear sirوممكن يضا نضع التا

و بدائلا ،ع السار ،ونضع تح م الوظيفة و الرتبةsincerely yoursوممكن ن نضع ---

.Job titleا الية

--- ول سطر تحت وممكن

Dear sir.ا العا مقرو ة ولطملا ةفيظولا ةباتكب لمكن

اآل ي:ن خص ن ا جواب

ل ما فات بانھ من املمكن ن ي و

……………….

12 Rameses St.

Cairo , Egypt

November 13, 2003

52



Dear Sir or Madam,

I would like to apply to work for لعمل ) ه ج ) , a s a "Construction

Engineer", Job announcement # 1234. … …. ………

……… ………………………... …… ………… ………… …………… .

Respectfully yours

Magdy Youssef

Project manager

الس ة الذاتية

Resume (C.V.) [ youssef]

. resumeالعنوان بدل"."C. Vالحظ انھ يمكن كتابة

:وع اآل ي ن الس ة الذاتية

ادة ت و

Name :

Telephone # :

E-mail address :

Mailing address :

Objective :

Education :

Experience : (start with the most recent job or the current job , and write the date , for

instance :) (H.K.)

From: November 2001- To: Now (or may 2003)

53



(then describe your job)

…………. ……. …………. …..

………….. ………....

From: June 2000 – To: November 2001 [ youssef]

……….. …………. ……..

……. ………. … ……………

Interests and skills :

H.W. There is a job vacancy for an accountant , and you want to apply , write

your C.V. and the attached letter.

Street directions : Excuse me , how can I get to ABC club? / go straight ahead , make

left at this coming square , then turn right on the second street , it'll be on your left

hand side .

Eating : I'll have big breakfast this morning / what will you have for breakfast ? /

bread and butter and fried eggs with sausages / tea or coffee ? / tea with milk please .

(H.K.)

Everyday life : Have the children left for school , honey ? / yes , they have , darling .

I'm going to make the beds and clean the living room . / and I'll help some before

going to work / oh yes , you must hurry , the traffic is very heavy today .

-- How about going out for a walk after dinner ? / that is fine and tomorrow we'll go

to see some friends .

-- It's bedtime / not yet dad / ok. , come , take off your clothes and put on your

pajamas .

-- Where is he ? / At the bank / where is the bank ? / on 33 Ramses st.

-- That is a nice watch, where is it from, Japan? / No, from Italy .

54



-- Good morning mother / good morning son / where are my sandwiches ? / come

and have breakfast at the table , it is better for your health .

-- Are you going downtown tomorrow ? / Yes, I am / may you get a train ticket for

I'll be working many hours all this week. / ok.

-- Now that the school year has come to an end, how will you spend the summer

vacation? / I'll go to U.S.A / who are you going to visit there? / my family.

-- Do you want me to bring you anything for lunch? / No, thanks I had eaten a

sandwich before I left home.

-- Have you ever been to London? / Yes, I went there once and I have travelled to

U.S. many times.

-- Are Ahmed and George doing their homeworks? / no, they aren't / what are they

doing? / they are playing on the computer / since when? / they have been doing

this since six o'clock (for 3 hours now).

Comprehension: The concept of love

The best thing in the world is to love God and love everyone through or within

our love for God.

It is great to love our parents, life partener, children, friends, and everyone, and

even our enemies. We should love them as we said , through and within our love to

God. Therefore, love should be wise and spiritual, for there are kinds of false love that

may cause harm and may destroy a lot of things. True love wants always to give as to

receive.

What may false love cause? _____________________________________

__________________________________________________________

What is the greatest thing? ______________________________________

__________________________________________________________

55



About the following topic: Virtues and vices with other concepts.

1) Write a dialogue between you and one or more of your friends (at least 5 lines).

2) Write an essay (at least 7 lines).

56




Direct and Indirect Speech

: لثالث حاالت سھ

ر

1) Statements 2) Questions 3) Commandsسند

ن لتحو ل من ل

ل

:indirectللdirectو� بساطة نقو ي ل

جدو ن حسب

ي و

Direct [ youssef] Indirect

1 Present (simple, continuous) Past (simple, continuous)

2 Will (H.K.) Would3 Past simple or present perfect Past perfect

4 Would + infinitive(ردصمل ) Would have + past participle

5 Fact (حقيقة و و قع) Stays the same ( (تبقى كما

غي ها يضا من ل :indirectللdirectو عض ل لمات يتم اآل ي

+ This – that / these – those / here – there / now – then ( at that time ) / come – go,

came-went, go – go, went-went / ago – before / today – that day / tomorrow – the

next day, the day after , the following day / yesterday – the day before, the previous

day / may – might . [ youssef]

: تية تظل كما و� السبة لل لمات

Must , might , could , would , should , ought

هذه لقو عد ومثلة لتالية تو ح

ل

جدو ترتيب لقو عد (مثلة لتالية مرتبة حسب

:لسابق)

1) Statements (said to -- / told -- that)

1) Mark said to me, "I am learning French" - direct

He told me that he was learning French - indirect (reported )

2) He said to Mary, "I will come tomorrow"

He told Mary that he would g o the next day .

52





All the previous examples are when what was said , was in the past (said to), but

if the act is in the present (say) or in the future (will say) , the sentence does not

change .

Ex: 1) Hesays

, "This work is too difficult"

He says that this work is too difficult. (H.K.)

2) Hewill say

, "This work is too difficult"

He will say that this work is too difficult.

H.W. rewrite the following sentences in the indirect form: [ youssef]

1) They said "We are students" / They __________________________

2) He said "I'll be playing football tomorrow" _____________________

_______________________________________________________

3) She said "I've just finished" _________________________________

4) we say "she is beautiful" ___________________________________

5) you will say "He is smart" __________________________________

6) They said to me "Are you the English teacher?" __________________

________________________________________________________

7) I said to him "Go away" ____________________________________

N.B . :

1) It is always better to use the direct speech, than the indirect speech.

2) It's not always necessary to change the verb when we change the direct into the

indirect speech (the reported speech) especially if we are reporting (saying)

something and we feel that it is still true or still happening : (H.K.)

Ex: Ahmed said "I want to go to Egypt"

Ahmed said (that) he wants (or wanted) to go to Egypt.

54



Zaki said "I woke up feeling ill and so I stayed in bed"

Zaki said (that) he woke (or had woken) up feeling ill and so he stayed (or had

stayed) in bed.

: جمل ق بي ا

و

لمات مشا ة وتوضيح لفر

H.W.(ى

جملة خر

م

م

ل

وضع

محاولة

ي

ر

و

ضر

)

Above / over

: who live in the flat above you? / the lamp is over the desk

Near / beside / next t o : our house is near the sea / we sit beside each others / our

house is next to the bank. [ youssef]

Below / under underneath ) : the temperature is below freezing point / put it under

the table (H.K.) [ youssef]

In front of / opposite / before : behave in a better way before the children / our

house is opposite the bank / put matters before God in prayers

Too / enough (too comes before the adjective but enough comes after it) :

Magdy is too young to go to school

Magdy can't go to school this year because he is not old enough.

M ay / might : might is the past of may , and sometimes it is used when there is less

possibility , and also for politeness .

Ex : Where is your brother today? he may be at work.

What is he doing now? He might be watching TV.

Should ought to) / must : [ youssef]

You should (ought to) do it ( ستحسن) عململفر ض

و

You must do it عملا م

ز

ال

Deed / work / job / occupation /

career ية لال � سان ) ل م عل ا ةاي ح ا ةن ه م ) / profession ( ا لع ب

ر

تد أو ا ه س

ر

�سان ال ي د : ( مهنة

55



Ex : repent of your evil deeds / he wants to finish his work now / he wants to get a

good fulltime job / what is your occupation ? I'm a doctor / he started his career 3

years ago / teaching is a profession .

Leave / stop / forsake

(leave forever)/ quit

(stop and leave) :

Ex : she left her book on the desk / you must stop this loud noise / they all forsook

him after he had become poor / he quit smoking

Speak / talk :

Ex : do you speak English / speak good things / it is I who speak /

I'll not talk much with you because I have something to do / this is he whom you

need to talk to .

Like / as : (like is followed by a noun or a pronoun / as is followed by subject + verb)

Ex : It is like the other one / like me (you, him, her, it, us, them) / like this (that, these,

those) / like someone (or something)

Write it as it is / just as I told you / stay as you are / as usual / as you know.

NB. Sometimes we also put a noun after as : 1) when we talk about someone's job,

or 2) how we use something

Ex : 1) He worked as a bus driver. 2) This hotel was used as a hospital.

"A few" , "many" and "a lot of" are used with countable plural nouns ,

ex: she bought a few pens

"A little " , "much " and "a lot of " are used with uncountable nouns

ex : please , I need a little rest.

Things to know

in case / حال in case ofعلشان لو

After "in case" comes "subject + verb" , but after "in case of" comes "noun"

--- He wears two watches in case one of them stops.

We bought more food in case they came.

We rang the bell again in case they hadn't heard the first time.

56



--- In case of emergency , telephone this number.

ق ب ن

duringو� نwhileلفر

After while comes "subject + verb" , but after during comes "noun"

Ex: He ate while he was watching TV.

He ate during the film [ youssef]

ات م ل ل ا ض ع � ت ا م ا د خ ت س ا

لمة

ستخد مات

"need"

I need to rest. / I needed to rest / the house needs cleaning

I don't need to rest / I didn't need to rest / the house doesn't need cleaning [

youssef]

I needn't rest / I needn't have rested (it wasn't necessary but I rested) / the house

needn't cleaning.

لمة : ""mindستخد مات

Keep (bear, have) in mind to do it tomorrow

Keep (set) your mind on your work.

Turn (put) your mind to it.

She took her mind off her sorrow

Have you made up your mind yet? No, I'm still in two minds about it

He is out of his mind (he's mad)

I'm sorry , I broke the bottle . Never (don't) mind, we'll get another one.

Conversations:

57



At the airport : I'd like to check in for flight number 758 that is going to London / ok.,

may I have your ticket and passport? / sure , here you are / thanks , the boarding time is

ten fifteen , and here is your boarding pass / thank you .

The customs : Which is your luggage ? / this is my luggage , two suitcases and a

handbag / have you anything to declare ? / yes I have a mobile phone and some

presents .

Ordering goods from a supermarket : Yes, please , I'd like some goods to be sent to

my home / sure sir , can I take your home address / yea, I live in 33 Rameses St. ,

second floor appartment # 4 / good , and what would you like? / I need a bottle of

milk , three kilos of rice , one coffee creamer medium size and a bag of sugar .

Tourism : Where are you from ? / I'm from Cairo, Egypt / oh, that's great, I'd love to

visit Egypt sometime / you're very welcome, and you'll find good hospitality from all

Egyptians there

At the railway station : Can I help you? / yes please, I'd like a ticket to Aswan /

what day and time ? / next Monday at 7:00 am. (in the morning) / first or second

class? / first class / ok. here you are / thank you / you're very welcome. (H.K.)

At the doctor's clinic : Doctor , my eyes hurt me much / how long have you had

this? / for about a week now / don't worry , let me see / they get red especially when I

use the computer / I'll give you eye drops , you should use it two times a day and

everything will be ok. / Thank you.

Comprehension : How to spend leisure time :

Leisure time can be useful or harmful. Among the useful things that suits leisure time

, to those who can read and like reading , is to read. It is important to choose such a

reading that is useful for building your personality intellectually, spiritually and

socially … .

58



Another method is listening, listen to your father and mother, to friends, to cassette

tapes and to the T.V., but in all this you should choose useful things for you.

No objection at all to getting some entertainment , amusement, rest or relaxation, for

all these things are also useful and no one can continuously concentrate, be serious,

or be in tension all the time.

To summarize the whole matter , everything can be useful to me if I do it the right

way, in the right place and in the best time.

Is there a problem of getting some rest? ___________________________

What is useful for us? _________________________________________

Is reading useful to everyone? ___________________________________

About: How can we, easily, learn and be excellent at English

1) Write a dialogue between you and one or more of your friends (at least 7 lines).

2) Write an essay (at least 10 lines).

Now , after you have studied this book by heart and] youssef : [ Speaking English

have memorized everything in it , can you speak , read and write English good? /

yes, sure , not only good but very good , now I'm excellent and brilliant at English /

could you make up your own conversations as you need in your daily life? / of

course / will you help others learning English? / sure, I will / will you do this

/

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