Англ. яэык. Контрольная работа №6

Федеральное агентство по образованиюУхтинский государственный технический университет

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 6

по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения специальности ЭТК

Ухта 2007

Выполнение контрольного задания и оформление контрольной работы № 6

1. Письменную контрольную работу следует выполнять в отдельной тетради. На тетради должны быть написаны: фамилия, инициалы, специальность, шифр, адрес студента, а также номер контрольной работы.

2. Необходимо переписывать задание, чтобы знать какое грамматическое явление отрабатывается в данном упражнении. Разбор грамматических явлений, если требуется, следует делать отдельно под английским предложением.

3. Иностранный текст каждого задания нужно переписывать на левой странице тетради, а на правой странице давать его русский перевод. Каждый абзац текста должен начинаться с новой строки. Ниже даётся образец расположения материала в контрольной работе: Задание располагается на весь развернутый тетрадный лист Поля Английский текст ׀ Русский текст Поля

(левая страница) ׀ (правая страница)

Например:

I. Перепишите данные ниже предложения, определите их видовременные формы и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.

The engine is broken. Двигатель сломан.

is broken - Present Indefinite, Active; инфинитив - to break.

4. Контрольные работы сдаются на рецензию за месяц до начала занятий. Работы, оформленные не по правилам, возвращаются студенту без проверки.

5. Работа над ошибками проводится либо на полях (5 см), либо в конце проверенной контрольной работы.

I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на грамматические явления: время, залог, причастие, инфинитив, герундий, а также на инфинитивные и причастные обороты, которые большей частью переводятся придаточными предложениями:

1. Introduction of new technology has resulted in the increase of labour productivity.2. To get good one must work hard.3. The computer is known to be able to do computation in milliseconds.4. The experiment having been done, everybody was interested in the results.5. The ship moving in space, the radio devices functioned properly.6. The question is too complicated to be answered at once.7. The figures mentioned in her report were published in the latest scientific journal.8. The magazines contained a number of interesting articles, one of them being on his subject.9. The Komi nature is unique and beautiful, ranging from the tundra to the snow capped the Ural

Mountains.

II. Перепишите текст и сделайте письменный перевод этого текста.

Forms of accountingEvery factory, building site, farm, institution or organization carries out primary recording or

current registration to a definite system of economic phenomena that are either the necessary conditions or the final results of the activity of these units. The data are then grouped and summed up in one way or another and their totals recorded in special registration documents (register books, cards, reports, etc.). The systematic recording of economic and related phenomena or processes and their subsequent classification and summary is called accounting.

We speak of accounting in the broadest sense of the word. It is not merely a question of recording the results of the economic activity of the enterprises and organizations. In social life many phenomena and processes which take place are not the immediate expression of the activity of economic and other organizations. We cannot afford to disregard them, however, we must take account of them if we want, for example, to improve economic activities and carry out social reforms.

Thus, by accounting we mean a systematic recording of social phenomena and processes taking place continuously, their classification and summery with a view to using the accounting data to control and direct these phenomena and processes in the interests of society.

Three forms of accounting are to be distinguished, according to their methods and specific aims. They are operative technical recording, bookkeeping and statistics.

The main aim of operative technical recording is the prompt supply of technical production information required at a particular enterprise or institution. This type of information is essential for control over production technology, for an appraisal of the quality of current output, efficiency of equipment, correspondence at any given moment of actual traffic with the fixed timetable.

Пояснения к тексту:

accounting - учёт, зд. бухгалтерский учёт sense - смыслprimary – первоначально afford - позволитьphenomena – явление disregard - не учитыватьeither ... or - или или to improve - улучшатьactivity – деятельность to distinguish - различатьto sum up - подводить итог aim - цельto record – записывать specific - особенныйregister book - бухгалтерская книга bookkeeping - бухгалтерияto process – обрабатывать fixed - установленныйbroad – широкий timetable - расписание, график

III. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is an accounting?2. Why is accounting important at the factory, building site, farm or at the institution?3. What forms of accounting are to be distinguished?4. What is the aim of operative technical recording?



по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения специальности ФК

Ухта 2007






Например:







1. Two types of accounts exist in our bank: a current account and a deposit account.2. The expression "legal tender" is a financial term.3. The stock exchange is a place where shares can be bought and sold.4. I wonder what the rate of exchange between the dollar and the pound is.5. Cheques and money orders are regarded as instruments of credit.6. Marketing is an integral part of the business operations.7. The cheques have been written, the capital passed to another account.8. The question is too complicated to be answered at once.9. The computer is known to be very helpful in our work.


BANKS

Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the economy. They often cooperate with the governments in efforts to stabilize economies and to prevent inflation. They are specialists in the business of providing capital, and in allocating funds on credit. Banks originated as places to which people took their valuables for safe-keeping, but today the great banks of the world have many functions in addition to acting as guardians of valuable private possessions.

Banks normally receive money from their customer in two distinct forms: on current account and on deposit account. With a current account, a customer can issue personal cheques. No interest is paid by the bank on this type of account. With a deposit account, however, the customer undertakes to leave his money in the bank for a minimum specified period of time. Interest is paid on this money.

The bank lends deposited money to customers who need capital. This activity earns interest for the bank and this interest is almost always at a higher rate than any interest which the bank pays to its depositors. In this way the bank makes its main profits.

We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings and borrowers who wish to obtain the capital. The bank is a reservoir of loanable money, with streams of money flowing in and out. For this reason, economists and financiers often talk of money being "liquid" or of the "liquidity" of money. Many small sums which might not otherwise be used as capital are rendered useful simply because the bank acts as a reservoir.

The system of banking rests upon a basis of trust. Innumerable acts of trust build up the system of which bankers, depositors and borrowers are part. They all agree to behave in certain predictable ways in relation to each other and in relation to the rapid fluctuations of credit and debit. Consequently business can be done and cheques can be written without any legal tender visibly changing hands.

Пояснения к тексту:1 . to allocate funds - ассигновывать, распределять, размещать фонды2. valuables- ценности, драгоценности3. guardian -(юр) опекун, попечитель, охрана4. a current account - текущий счет5. a customer - клиент6. interest- проценты (на капитал); процентный доход7. loanable - получаемый или даваемый взаймы8. fluctuations - колебание, неустойчивость

9. legal tender - платежное средствоl0. trust – кредит11. to change hands –переходить из рук в руки, переходить к другому владельцу


1. In what ways do banks cooperate with governments?2. What was the original function of a bank?3. How does the bank make its main profit?4. Whose trust maintains the banking system?5. What does this trust permit?



по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения специальности РЭНГМ

Ухта 2007






Например:







1. People sееm to realize the potential danger of some scientific discoveries.2. The turbo-drill method is known to be the most progressive. 3. The first thing to be realized by all of us is the potential danger of some industries for

environment.4. We do not object to your mentioning about our researches in this field of science5. His having found the key to the solution of the problem seemed improbable.6. The purpose of using oil is to obtain different valuable oil products.7. Having been achieved the success the scientist did not stop working hard and developing his

talent.8. The article about new methods of drilling having been discussed, we decided to publish it.9. We want the oil-wells in the north to be equipped with modern machinery.10. As seen from the article these engines are produced in Minsk.


Description of an oil-well

In general term, an oil-well is similar to any other borehole drilled for the purpose of producing water or other fluids.

The well bore length exceeds many times its diameter. The opening of the well bore at the surface is called the well head, and its lower part - the bottom hole. The depth of an oil-well is controlled by the depth at which oil is found.

The diameter of a well varies. A deep well has a diameter at the surface of about 16-18 inches, and it is reduced progressively to about 6 inches at the bottom. The diameter of the oil string depends on the expected productivity of the well.

As drilling proceeds, subsurface waters or formations of a caving nature are often encountered. To exclude such water from the well and to hold back the caving formations, the well is lined with steel tubes known as casing.The number of "strings" of casing and their diameter is controlled by local conditions and by the depth to which the well is to be drilled. Oil-well casing is usually made of solid drawn tubes with screwed and socketed joints. There may be within the well bore several strings of casing: the surface casing, the intermediate or protective string and the oil string.

In cases where the oil is struck at high pressure or where it is essential that all upper water shows must be sealed off or segregated from each other, each string of casing is cemented in place.

There are different kinds of oil wells depending on the purpose for which they are drilled, such as: key holes, exploratory wells, wild cats, producing wells, seismic wells and etc.


borehole - скважинаoil well - нефтяная скважинаwell head - устье скважиныwell bore - ствол скважиныbottom bole - забой скважиныoil string - нефтяная колоннаsubsurface waters - подземные водыcaving formation - обваливающаяся породаcasing - обсадные трубы

screwed joint - соединение резьбой socketed joint - соединение муфтойwater shows - водные проявленияto seal off - уплотнятьwild-cat - поисковая скважина


1. What is the opening of the well bore at the surface called?2. What is the bottom hole?3. What is the well lined with casing for?4. Enumerate some of the kinds of the oil wells.



по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения специальности МОН

Ухта 2007






Например:







1. The new computers were expected to help engineers in their complex calculations.2. Scientists found beta-rays to consist of negative particles. 3. Newton was the first to realize the elliptical paths of comets. 4. They reported the power station to have been put into operation.5. The motor being adjusted, they began to assemble the auxiliary parts of the machine.6. Haying analyzed this experiment the researcher formulated his new theory.7. Many scientists have tried cooling some gas to absolute zero.8. He mentioned his having tested this material for strength.9. Gas heating increases the speed of molecules.


What is a Machine-Tool?A machine-tool is a power-driven machine used to shape metal by cutting, drilling, pressure

electrical techniques or a combination of these processes.Thus, it is clear that machine-tools can be built in a wide variety of types. Basically, however,

there are two main categories, the first being the cutting-type machine-tool, which shapes metal to certain size and contour.

For the various operations that are to be performed in the metalworking shop, there are many different kinds of machines. Each machine-tool is being designed to do work of a specific nature.There are special machine-tools that are built to perform successive operations. The operators only watch the succession of machining steps from the beginning to the end of the operation. Such equipment is considered to be automatic machinery.

Precision of operation is the most important characteristic of today's machine-tools. The precision makes it possible to produce hundreds of identical parts, all so much alike that they may be freely interchanged or substituted in assembly or repair, without hand-fitting. The function of a machine-tool is to hold both the work and the cutting-tool and move them relative to each other to obtain the proper cutting action.

Machine-tools are known to serve four main purposes: 1) they hold the work or part to be cut; 2) they hold the cutting tool (or tools); 3) they form the part; 4) they regulate the cutting speed and the movement between the tool and the work.

The most common machine-tools are lathes, which perform cutting operations mostly, milling machines, drilling machines and grinders.


part - деталь work - изделиеto shape = to form - придавать формуcontour – формаsuccessive – последовательныйalike – похожийinterchange – взаимозаменятьсяhand-fitting – ручная подгонкаcutting tool – резецrelative – относительноmilling machine – фрезерный станокgrinding machine – шлифовальный станок


1. What is a machine tool?2. What is the most important characteristic of machine-tools?3. What machine-tool is used for cutting?4. Enumerate some of the types of machine-tools.

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Англ. яэык. Контрольная работа №6