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, . (.. ) . . . World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 (Klaus Schwab Editor, Xavier Sala-i-Martin Chief Advisor) 148 . ( 166-167) 58 , . , ( ). . ( ) [Labor and goods market efficiency, Higher education and training, Health and primary education] [(i) Macroeconomic environment, Market size; (ii) Business sophistication; (iii) Financial market development, (iv) Institutions; (v) Infrastructure; (vi) Innovation and echnological readiness]. . (Labor Market Efficiency, - 167) (58) Flexibility of wage determination (120), Pay and productivity (76), Reliance on professional management (117), Country capacity to attract talent (76). , ( , , , , , ) 58 , 100 . [(i) Macroeconomic environment, Market size] . [(ii) Business sophistication] . [( iii) Financial market development]

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Financing through local equity market (107), Regulation of securities exchanges (76), Soundness of banks (141). . [(iv) Institutions] Efficacy of corporate boards (110) . . . [(v) Infrastructure] . , [(vi) Innovation, echnological readiness] Capacity for innovation (93), Company spending on R&D (74), Government procurement of advanced tech products (72), FDI and technology transfer (68). R&D 0.45% . 0.16% , 1/3 , . , . World Bank Doing Business 2014 ( ). 39, 10, 189 . , 39 , Protecting investors (34), Paying taxes (33), Trading across borders (27), Resolving insolvency (24). , . 39 Starting a business (44), Getting credit (55), Dealing with construction permits (86), Registering a company (103), Getting electricity (108), Enforcing contracts (110). , 100 Palau. , , [Starting a business, Dealing with construction permits, Registering a company], [Getting electricity], [Enforcing contracts]. [Getting credit] , : , . , .

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Source: Bank Gr

World Bank. 20roup. DOI: 10.1

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Source: Bank Gr

World Bank. 20roup. DOI: 10.1

013. Doing Bus1596/978-0-8213

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m-Size Enterpris0, page 232.

ses. Washington

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() , () , () , , () , , , , () , () , () , . . , World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 (Klaus Schwab Editor, Xavier Sala-i-Martin Chief Advisor) 148 . [Institutions], Efficacy of corporate boards, 110, Bangladesh. , . Public trust in politicians (54 ), Favoritism in decisions of government officials (58 ). World Bank Doing Business 2014, , 110 ( 189 ) Pakistan Enforcing contracts. ( 43) ( 735 ). Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: EU Anti-Corruption Report (Brussels 3.2.2014) http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/documents/policies/organized-crime-and-human-trafficking/corruption/docs/acr_2014_en.pdf. Report Special Eurobarometer 397 Corruption Report, February 2014, European Commission, Directorate-General for Home Affairs, co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm :

Cyprus: Cyprus has demonstrated commitment to prevent corruption by amending legislation and establishing a coordinating body. At the same time, the small number of prosecuted cases indicates a need to strengthen the enforcement system. In this report, the European Commission suggests that Cyprus streamlines procedures to ensure effective investigations of corruption

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within the police. Codes of conduct for elected and appointed officials should also be introduced, in order to declare assets periodically. Furthermore, the Commission is suggesting that Cyprus restrains the possibility of state-owned companies to sponsor political events, regulates donations to election candidates, and obliges parties to publish financial information online.

Alongside an analysis of the situation in each EU Member State, the European Commission is also presenting two extensive opinion polls. 57 percent of Cypriots, and 26 percent of Europeans overall, state that they are personally affected by corruption in their daily lives. Four percent of Europeans, and 3 percent of Cypriots, say that they have been asked or expected to pay a bribe in the past year. 83% of Cypriots - the highest percentage in the EU - say that the only way to succeed in business is through political connections. Furthermore, 85% of Cypriot entrepreneurs think that favouritism and corruption hamper business competition.

28 . Q3 Report from the Commission, Special Eurobarometer 397 Corruption Report. 55% (Q3) . , , (QB15.10) (QB15.13). (QB4.1 , European Commission) . , . . , .

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Selection of questions from Special Eurobarometer 397 Report on Corruption, February 2014 Except for Q3 which is from the REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT EU ANTI-CORRUPTION REPORT

Question# Question Yes(%)Totally

widespread(%)Totally

acceptable(%)Totally

agree(%)

RankQ3Inthelast3yearshascorruptionpresentedyourcompanyfromwinningapublictender? 55 3 Ifyouwantedtogetsomethingfromthepublicservicetowhatextentisitacceptable QB4.1 togivemoney? 8 25QB4.2 togiveagift? 27 12QB4.3 todoafavour? 25 15 Inourcountry QB5 howwidespreadiscorruption? 78 16

QB15.1 thereiscorruptioninlocalorregionalpublicinstitutions. 84 7

QB15.5 areyoupersonallyaffectedbycorruptionindailylife? 57 3

QB15.11 briberyandtheuseofconnectionsisoftentheeasiestwaytoobtaincertainpublicservices. 92 2

QB15.10 toocloselinksbetweenbusinessandpoliticsleadtocorruption. 90 1

QB15.13 theonlywaytosucceedinbusinessIstohavepoliticalconnections. 83 1

QB15.14 favouritismandcorruptionhamperbusinesscompetition. 79 8

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