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醫學二 AB9802105徐乙玉
Unit 4 Matters of the Mind
Vocabulary
subarachnoid (a.) [ˌsʌbəˈræknɔɪd] below the level of the arachnoid layer 蛛網膜下腔的hemorrhage (n.) [ˈhɛmərɪdʒ] a medical condition in which there is severe loss of blood from inside a person’s body 出血 aneurysm (n.) [ˈænjəˌrɪzəm] an area of extreme
swelling on the wall of artery 動脈瘤anterior communicating artery 前交通動脈pericallosal artery 胼胝體周圍動脈
Vocabulary
discharge (v.) the act of allowing somebody to leave hospital 出院
ignition (n.) /ɪg'nɪʃən/ the electrical system of a vehicle that makes the fuel begin to burn to start the engine 點火裝置,點火開關
misdemeanor (n.) [ˌmɪsdɪˈminɚ] an action that is bad or unacceptable, but not very serious 輕罪
idleness (n.) [ˈaɪdlnɪs] without work 失業unpunctuality (n.) not arriving, happening, or
being done at exactly the time that has been arranged 不守時
Vocabulary
reactive depression 反應性抑鬱症clear-cut definite and easy to see or identify
明確的stroop test 叫色測驗trail making test 連連看測驗CT-scan (CT = computed tomography) 電腦
斷層掃描lesion (n.) /'liʒən/ damage to the skin or part of
the body caused by injury or by illness 器官損害
Vocabulary
relapse (v.) /‘riˈlæps/ to go back into a previous condition or into a worse state after making an improvement 復發
premorbid (n.) the time before the illness started
病前detrimental (a.) /ˈdɛtrə'mɛntl/ harmful 有害的obsessive-compulsive behavior /əb'sɛsɪv/ 強
迫症
Summary---Paragraph 1
A normal man was sent to the prison because
of misbehavior after brain surgery.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
• SAH can be caused by a ruptured aneurysm
• stroke occurs when the brain is deprived of oxygen
He repeatedly stole cars and parked them in
the vicinity of his house. As a result, he was
sent to the prison.
His movement wasn’t criminal; he stole cars
under effects of alcohol and depression.
Borrowing cars gave him a kind of
pleasurable relief.
Summary---Paragraph 2 、 3
He failed to maintain steady employment
because of the hemorrhage, and neither
medication nor psychotherapy work.
Discussion
If you were the employer, what would you do when
you know the man’s misbehavior?
Summary---Paragraph 4
Paragraph 4
Clomipramine氯米帕明
a tricyclic, heterocyclic drug used to treat depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Valpromide丙戊酰胺
Valpromide (marketed as Depamide by sanofi-aventis) is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid used in the treatment of epilepsy( 癲癇 )and some affective disorders.
paroxetine氟苯哌苯醚,帕羅西丁
an antidepressant drug, Paxil
Bromazepam溴西泮
It has mainly anxiolytic and at higher doses also sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties
Clinical tests showed nothing unusual except
the CT-scan showed that he had slight
damage to one part of the brain.
Summary---Paragraph 5
The brain is composed of three parts: the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into four lobes:
frontal parietal temporal occipital
four lobes of cerebrum
Frontal lobe syndrome
Perserveration The persistence of a repetitive response after the caus
e of the response has been removed, or the response continues to different stimuli.
Neuropsychological Testing
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test developed to assess abstract reasoning and ability to
shift cognitive strategies in response to environmental changes.
Neuropsychological Testing
Stroop Test examines how the brain processes language and colour
tell the ink colours rather than read the actual word printed
Neuropsychological Testing---Stroop Test
The cognitive mechanism involved in this task
is called directed attention, you have to
manage your attention, inhibit or stop one
response in order to say or do something
else.
Neuropsychological Testing---Stroop Test
Trail Making Test
Neuropsychological Testing
“multitasking” can be faster?
Neuropsychological Testing---Trail Making Test
FOCUS
Brain damage and its possible effect on a
person’s mental abilities.
Discussion Have you ever heard a similar story or case?
Summary---Paragraph 6