文本教学课件

Cloning is a way of making

an exact copy of another

animal and plant.

What is cloning ?

Pre-reading

Pre-reading

How is a clone produced?The cloning of plants is simple andrelatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners(natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.

Pre-reading

What benefits can humans gainfrom cloning?

Medical cloning can help cure serious illneses that ruin one’s quality of life .

It can help infertile people have babies.

Pre-reading

What problems may arise when humans are cloned?

People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.

People may want to clone dead children.

People may want to clone their favourite pets

skimming

What’s the text mainly about?

It’s mainly about cloning arguments about animal cloning and concernsAbout its future.

Do you know about:

The procedure

works of a sheep?

1 Female sheep A provides an egg cell.2 The nucleus is removed from the egg cell.3 The egg cell is ready for a new nucleus.4 Female sheep B provides a somatic cell for the clone. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep.5 The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell

6 The nucleus fi.om sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity.7 The cell divides and grows into an embryo.8 The embryo is put into female sheep C, who becomes the carrier of the clone.9 The lamb is the clone of the donated cell from Sheep B which provided the nucleus.

克隆羊诞生图

示

scanning

1.What’s cloning?2. How do gardeners clone plants?

Find out the answers in the text.

Para1

scanning

What two major uses do cloning have?

Find out theanswers in the text.

Para2

scanning

What problems do Dolly have?

Find out theanswers in the text.Para3

She became seriously ill and her illnesses were more appropriateto a much older animal. Dolly lived for six years,half the length of the life of the original sheep.

scanning

What’s the effect of Dolly?

Find out theanswers in the text.

Para4

scanning

What’s your opinion of cloning?

Find out theanswers in the text.

Para5

Careful reading

Fill in the chart using the information from the text. Add one reason of your own in each column.

Problems or dangers of cloning

Advantages of cloning

Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals.

Medical cloning could produce cures for serious degenerative illnesses in humans.

Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals

Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale

Evil leaders may want to clone themselves

Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.

There are moral objections to cloning human beings

Cloning can help save endangered animals.

Problems or dangers of cloning

Advantages of cloning

What do you think is the writer’s point of view in this reading passage? Is it in favour of cloning or against it?

I think the writer is______________because___________________________________________________

impartialHe/she does not state any

personal opinion about cloning.

Post-readingPost-reading

1. What are the two major uses of cloning?2. Why is it easier to make commercial plant clo

nes than animal clones?3. What was [he first clone from an adult anima

l? At what age did [his clone die?4. Why is cloning controversial in some countri

es?

Answer these questions after reading.1. The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.

2. Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.

3. The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003.

4. Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.

1. differ –different –difference

2. commercial –commerce

3. disturbing –disturbed –disturb—disturbance

4. medium –media (pl.)

5. forbid –allow /permit (opposite word)

6. accumulate --accumulation

7. assumption –assume (v.)

8. regulation –regular(adj.) –regularly

9. resist –resistance(n.) –resistant(adj.)

10.decoration --decorate

1. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings

from growing plants to make new ones, …

happen vi. occur by chance; take place ( 偶然地）发生；出现

happen to do …

happen to sb.

It happened that … happening n. 事件；偶然发生的事（常用复数）

当园艺工人割草而使之长出新的植物时，就会发生这种情况

碰巧（某人）发生什么事了

碰巧

辨析： happen, occur, take place 与 come about

四词都有“发生”之意，但有区别。 happen 是一般用语，词义较广，强调事情发生的偶 然性 ;

occur 用法较正式，既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排。take place 一般指有计划，按事先安排的进行的含义。come about 往往注重事情发生的原因，常与 how 连用。注：以上四组词均为不及物动词，无被动语态。

1) When did the explosion _______ ?

2) Important elections _______ this fall?

3) The concert will ___________ next Sunday.

4) How did the quarrel ___________ ?

occur

take place

come about

happen

Use the above words to fill the following

blanks:

2. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg

cell from sheep A are joined using

electricity.

Using electricity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。

联手，携手

参加活动

和某人一起做事

参军，连起来

从绵羊 B 中取出得细胞核与从绵羊 A 中取出得卵细胞用电流使之结合。

Join hands

join in sth. / doing sth

join sb. in sth.

join up

辨析： take part in, join ,join in 与 attend

take part in 指参加某项活动，并以积极的态度在所参加的活动中起作用；join “ 加入”团体或组织；join in 指参加活动和游戏；join sb. In sth. 和某人一起做某事；attend 参加会议 ( 听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼）

3.cast down 使沮丧发现突破性克隆动物的命运使他沮丧。He felt cast down when he discovered the fa

te of the breakthrough clone.

不要这么沮丧，打起精神来！Don’t be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.

※cast down 有两个义项：毁掉；使沮丧，另外，cast away 丢弃， cast off 放弃；丢弃， cast out

赶走

4.in favor of 赞成；有利于比分是 80 比 78 ，客队获胜。The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest te

am.

今天的兑换率对我们有利。The exchange rate is in our favour today.

in favour of 赞成，支持，与 against 相对。

5.be bound to 注定；有义务做明天天气一定会变好。The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.

发现突破性克隆动物的命运使他沮丧。我觉得有必要对你说，你酒喝得太多了。I feel bound to tell you that you are drinking too much.

be bound to do sth. 有两个义项：注定，一定会法律责任或义务做某事。

6.pay off （事业、计划）成功他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。He paid off the crew of the ship.

最终他还清了所有的债务。In the end he paid off all his debts.

pay off 有三义项：成功；付清薪水并解雇；偿还（债务等）。

7 It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.

这种现象也发生在动物 身上，从同一个原生卵 产生性别与相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。

①What does it stand for?

It 指代上文的 cloning

②What is the function of identical in sex and appearance?

Identical in sex and appearance 是一个形容词短语作后置定语。

用 identical 翻译如下句子

• 这两种样式几乎完全相同。• These two designs are almost identical.

• 我的意见和他的相同。• My opinion is identical with his.• 我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。• We are identical in our views of what should

be done.• 这是我们去年住过的那家旅馆。• This is the identical hotel that we stayed in l

ast year.

8. The whole scientific world

followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly, the sheep.

• 整个科学界都在关注着首例成功的克隆动物多莉羊的成长。• Follow• to have a great interest in something or watc

h something closely:• He follows most sports enthusiastically.• They followed her academic progress closel

y.

9. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.

• cast down( 多用于被动结构或作表语）沮丧；低沉（ ==feeling unhappy and depressed) 试翻译：

• ①试验的失败使他非常沮丧。• He was much cast down by the failure o

f the experiment.• 任何人都会因为这样的消息而感到悲伤。• Anyone would be cast down by news su

ch as that.

. be appropriate to….. 适合于… .de ; 与… . 相称的（ =be suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion or place; fitt

ing)• 翻译下列句子（用 appropriate)

• 用与你的题目相称的题材写。• Write in a style appropriate to your subj

ect.

• 他的便服 , 不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。• His casual clothes were not appropriat

e for such a formal occasion.

10. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and

public imagination.• raise 在此是“唤起、引起、使出

现”之意。 ===bring about• 他的缺席引起人们对他安全的担心。• His absence raised fears about his safety.• 用动物作科学试验引起了一些棘手的道德问题。

（ ethical questions) • The use of animals in scientific tests rais

es some difficult ethical questions.

a storm of …. 常常指感情猛然爆发或强烈表现

• 例如：• 一阵猛烈的抗议• a storm of protest• 一阵弹雨 /箭雨• a storm of bullets/arrows• 一阵暴风雨般的掌声 /欢呼声• a storm of applause/cheers• 一阵辱骂 /抨击• a storm of abuse/criticism

Sudden violent outburst or display of strong felling

have/make a strong/ great impact on…. 对… .. 有（或产生） 巨大影响

• 翻译 • 这场反对吸烟的运动对年轻人有极大的

影响。• The anti-smoking campaign has had

quite an impact on young people.• 这本书对读者产生了巨大的影响。• This book made a great impact on it

s readers.

11. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human

cloning, …• forbid 后面可以接三种搭配

①名词，代词或动名词作宾语 ②不定式的复合结构作宾语

③双宾语forbid

用 forbid 翻译如下句子

• ①法律禁止销售香烟给年龄不满 16岁的人。(名词作宾语）

• The law forbids the sale of cigarette to people under the age of 16.

• ②法律禁止在此处进行修建。（ ing-form as Object)

• The law forbids building on this land.• ③大多数父母都禁止自己的孩子吸烟。• Most parents forbid their children to smo

ke

• ④ 他的父母不准他喝酒。• His parents forbad him to drink wine.

• HIS PARENTS forbad him wine.• ⑤ To have the effect of preventing;

• 阻碍，阻止• The king forbids us from going out.

• Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.

• 因篇幅所限 , 此处不便对本题作进一步阐述 .

12. … but other countries like China and the UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.

但是，另一些国家，如中国，英国，则仍在继续收集克隆 技术有可能提供丰富的医疗救助的证据。

• 1 ） accumulate 有收集、堆集、积累的意思（ =to gather or pile) , 强调经过一段比较长的时间由少及多的积累，使用范围较广，似乎凡是在数量方面的增长都可以表示。 它既可作为及物动词也可作为不及物动词

• 那家公司几年内积累了大量的财富。• The company has accumulated great wealth

within a few years.

然而随着迹象 (evidence)开始积累 ,伦敦动物园的专家们感到有必要（ feel obliged to) 进行调查了。

• However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the London zoo felt obliged to investigate.

• 2) evidence 意思为证据、根据，是不可数名词。 (= a thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgement)

• Is there any evidence for/of his guilt?• 有什么证据证明他犯罪了？• 被打碎的窗户就是曾经发生盗窃案的证据。 (burglary)• The broken window was evidence that a burglary

had taken place.

Discovering useful words and expressions

1. In many aspects natural clones, such as identical twins, do not d ________ greatly from man- made ones.

2. He was c ________ down when the procedure he had used to produce a mammal clone ended in failure.

3. Dust will a __________ in a deserted house.

4. Her memory is so excellent that she could remember the e __________ names of the side roads we passed on the way.

cast differ

accumulate

exact

Complete the sentences using suitable words from the text. The first letter of each word has been given.

5. She was not a_________ pleased at the corrections he made to her work.

6. Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no o___________ to it.

7. According to the constitution, it is compulsory for a citizen to u______________ military service.

8. The media has a m____________ responsibility to report news truthfully.

altogether

Discovering useful words and expressions

Complete the sentences using suitable words from the text. The first letter of each word has been given.

objections

undertake

moral

Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning. Rewrite the sentence when necessary.1. Compared with her family, and especially her nephew,

her niece Daisy is very. honest about her opinions. ____________________________________________

2. The decisions of the conservative factory leaders that had been made without any reason caused anger among the workers. ____________________________________________.

3. Is the opera house in the business area of Beijing?

___________________________________________

straightforward

arbitrary

commercial

4. The producer of the media programme disagreed with Jennifer joining in the chorus.

__________________________________________

5. Before you can make a loaf, you need to get some flour.

_____________________________________________

6. You owe the lady an apology. I will not allow you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done. ____________________________________________.

made an objection to

obtain

will forbid

Complete the passage using the correct form of the words below.

complicated fate attain cast accumulate reform carrier

As Freddy the frog grew older, he only had one ambition left to ___________ - to continue his career forever. To do this he thought that he would have to clone himself'. The doctor explained that this was a ______________ procedure that he should consider carefully. Shortly after Freddy did some research, he discovered the _________________ of Dolly the sheep. It seemed as if a clone was a _________________ of more

attain

complicated

fate

carrier

Complete the passage using the correct form of the words below.

complicated fate attain cast accumulate reform carrier

weaknesses than its original. Freddy was ______________ down and looked for some way to _______________ the cloning procedure to avoid this problem. Sadly this seemed impossible. So Freddy made up his mind to enjoy his singing and to __________________ as many happy experiences as he could so that when he retired he would be able to look back on his life with satisfaction.

cast

reform

accumulate