比較級 比較級 comparisonscomparisons as.....asas.....as ( ( 平等比較平等比較 )) Anna is Anna is asas tall (adj.) tall (adj.) asas Bill. Bill. Mike came Mike came asas quickly (adv.) quickly (adv.) asas he could. he could. not as....asnot as....as, , not not quitequite as...as as...as, , not not nearlynearly...as...as Ted isTed is 20. 20. Tina isTina is 21. 21. AmyAmy isis 5. 5. Ted is Ted is not asnot as old old asas Tina. Tina. Ted isn’t Ted isn’t quitequite as as old old asas Tina. Tina. → a small difference→ a small difference Amy isn’t Amy isn’t nearlynearly as as old old asas Tina. Tina. → a big difference→ a big difference justjust as...as as...as,, nearlynearly / / almostalmost as...as as...as Sam (Sam (2121) is ) is justjust as as old old asas Tina ( Tina (2121). ). → → exactlyexactly Ted(Ted(2020) is ) is nearlynearly / / almostalmost as as old old asas Tina. Tina.

比較級 比較級 comparative comparative 與與最高級 最高級 superlativesuperlative

comparative• Jane is older than Mary.• Jane and Mary are older than John and David.• He is the taller of the two boys.• He is more handsome than his brother.superlative• Laura is the oldest of all four sisters.• Laura is the most beautiful in her family.

comparative comparative andand superlativesuperlative forms (forms ( 一一 ))

For most one-syllable -er than, the -estFor most two-syllable more ~ than , the most ~Some two-syllable either –er than, the –est or more ~than , the most ~For three-syllable and long adjective /adverb. more ~than , the most ~

comparative comparative andand superlativesuperlative forms (forms ( 二二 ))

one-syllable old → older → the oldest wise → wiser → the wisest fat → fatter → the fattest thin → thinner → the thinnest hot → hotter → the hottest big → bigger → the biggest wet → wetter → the wettest sad → sadder → the saddest red → redder → the reddest glad → gladder → the gladdest fit → fitter → the fittest

comparative comparative andand superlativesuperlative forms (forms ( 三三 ))

two-syllable busy → busier → the busiest pretty → prettier → the prettiestirregular adjective good → better → the best bad → worse → the worst ill → worse → the worst old → older / elder → the oldest / the eldest far → farther / further → the farthest / the furthest many / much → more → the most little → less → the least

comparative comparative andand superlativesuperlative forms (forms ( 四四 ))

irregular adverb

well → better → the best

badly → worse → the worst

far → farther / further → the farthest / the furthest

late → later / latter → the latest / last

many / much → more → the most

little → less → the least

fartherfarther, , farthestfarthest, and , and furtherfurther, , furthestfurthest

physical distance ( 距離的遠近 ) far → farther / further → farthest / furthest

• I walked farther / further than my friend did.

• Go to the farthest / the furthest house in the

village, and I’ll meet you there. additional ( 進一步；另外的；更多的 ) far → further → furthest

• I need further information.

laterlater, , latestlatest, , latterlatter, , lastlast 時間的先後 late → later → the latest• See you later.• This is the latest news from Taipei.順序的先後 late → latter → the last• He spent the latter part of the day in reading.• The last bus leaves at 12 pm.This is his last and latest work. ( 最後且最近的作品 )

olderolder, , oldestoldest, , elderelder, , eldesteldest

年齡、新舊 old → older → the oldest• Tom is older than I am.• My house is older than his.• Tom is the oldest of the three man.• My house is the oldest.長幼順序 old → elder → the eldest• His elder brother is three years older than your eldest

son.

good, good, wellwell

good (adj.) → well (adv.) ( 好的 )

• It is a good job.• She speaks English very well. well (adj.) → well (adv.) ( 健康的、安好、無恙的 )• The patient is well (adj.).• The patient is doing well (adv.).

加強語氣的比較級加強語氣的比較級Tom is very old (adj.). ( 原級 )Ann drives very carefully (adv.). ( 原級 )Tom is very older than I am. (X)• Tom is ( very) much older than I am.• Tom is a lot / lots older than I am.• Tom is (by) far older than I am.• Ann drives much / a lot / (by) far more

carefully than she used to.• We were a great deal happier than their

children.

加強語氣的比較級加強語氣的比較級• It is a yet easier job. ( 甚至 )

Break the news gently to him. Better yet, just don’t mention it.

( 把消息和緩地透露給她。要不，乾脆隻字不提更好。 )

• They stared at him, hoping for still more secrets. ( 還要，甚至更 )

• You can do even better if you try.• Ben is a little / a little bit older than I am.• His case is no more serious than yours. ( 毫不；根本不 )

加強語氣的最高級加強語氣的最高級

• She is the best yet. ( 迄今 )

(by) far the

• It was the very best film that I have ever seen.

much the

劣等比較劣等比較 A pen is less expensive than a book. = A pen is not as expensive as a book. Our server isn’t as fast as theirs.

But A pen is less large (adj.) than a book. (X) (one-syllable adj.) The doctor advises me to eat less meat (N). (O) Dick does less well (adv.) in chemistry than Tom. (O)

劣等最高級劣等最高級the least

• Tom is the least efficient of the three.

• This is the least difficult lesson in the book.

• Dick writes the least clearly in the class.

最高級的習慣用語最高級的習慣用語 I am the last man to tell a lie. ( 表示絶不 ) She will be here by at (the) latest. ( 最遲 ) It cost at (the) least five dollars. ( 至少 ) He was five years old at (the) most. ( 最多 ) He is a salesman at (the) best. ( 充其量 ) I will do (try) my best to help you. ( 盡全力 ) I will make the most of my time. ( 善加利用 ) I don’t like it in the least. ( 一點也不 ) Those people here, for the most part, are college students.

( 大部份 ) To the best of my knowledge, he has not such a son. ( 據某人所知 )

表倍數的句型表倍數的句型 two times The kitchen is twice as large as the bedroom.

double

twice

= The kitchen is two times the size of the bedroom.

double

= The kitchen is as again as the bedroom.

表倍數的句型表倍數的句型

She has as many records again as I (do).He spent half as much money as I did.I am half as rich again as he (is).

= I am half again as rich as he (is).

= I am one and a half times as rich as he (is).

unclear comparisonsunclear comparisons

Ann likes the dog better than her husband. Ann likes the dog.

Ann’s husband likes the dog too.

→Ann likes the dog better than her husband does. Ann likes the dog and her husband.

→Ann likes the dog better than (she likes) her husband.

moremore + nouns + nouns

• I expect more people to come later.

• There are more people in China than there are in the United States.

• Do you have enough coffee, or would you like some more?

越來越越來越 ................

~er and ~er

Because she was afraid, she walked faster and faster

more and more ~

Life in the modern world is becoming more and more complex.

越越 ............ 就越就越 ............

The harder you study, the more you will learn. The more she studied, the more she learned. The warmer the weather (is), the better I like it. A: Should we ask Jenny and Jim to the party too? B: Why not? The more, the merrier. ( It is good to have more people at the party.) A: When should we leave? B: The sooner, the better. ( It is good if we leave as soon as we can.) .

using using superlativessuperlatives

• Tokyo is one of the largest cities in the world.

• David is the most generous person I have ever known.

• I took four final exams. The final in accounting was the least difficult of all.

• Ali is one of the best students in this class.

= One of the best students in this class is Ali.

superior tosuperior to, , inferior toinferior to

superior to = better than inferior to = worse thanMan is superior to other animals.

= Man is better than the other animals.This chair is inferior to that one in quality.

= This chair is worse than that one in quality.

prior toprior to, , posterior toposterior to

prior to = earlier thanposterior to ： ( 時間上 ) 較晚的，以後的 ( 順序上 ) 其次的 He left prior to my arrival.

= He left earlier than I arrived. It is a event that happened posterior to 1966.

= It is a event that happened later than 1966.

senior to, senior to, junior tojunior to

senior to = older than junior to = younger thanHe is two years senior to me.= He is senior to me by two years.= He is two years older than me.= I am two years junior to him.= I am junior to him by two years.= I am two years younger than him.

thethe same, similar, different same, similar, different fromfrom

• We have the same books.• We have different books.• Our books are the same.• Our books are similar.• Our books are different.• Your book is different from mine. She is the same age as my mother.My shoes are the same size as yours.

like, like, alikealike

My pen is like your pen. My pen and your pen is alike (adj.). The twins look alike (adj.).

We think alike (adv.).

Most four-year-olds act alike (adv.).

My sister and I talk alike (adv.).

The little boys are dressed alike (adv.).

the the 之省略之省略1. 最高級 + N ( 不能省 )

He is the tallest boy in the group.

2. be + (the) 最高級 (adj. 當主詞補語可省略 )

Of all the days in the week, Monday is (the) busiest.

3. adv 的最高級可省略 Helen writes (the) most carefully of all.

4. 最高級前有「所有格」時，不應有 the 。 That was his most interesting lesson.

不同性質之比較不同性質之比較

She is more shy than unsocial.

• 不用下列之表達方式 She is shier than unsocial.