CoBRA
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CoBRA
2012614
IPA/SECWG
SDM
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CoBRA CoBRA CoBRA
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CoBRA CoBRA CoBRA
4 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
1.1
5 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
1.2
55102005
6 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
1.3
Capers Jones, Social and Technical Reasons for Software Project Failures, Crosstalk, June, 2006
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
LM. Liard & M.C. Brenman, Software Measurement and Estimation: A Practical Approach, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006
1
2
3
4
5
7 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
1.4
2005JISA
PL30% 30%
2012IPA/SEC 20% 40%
2012IPA/SEC 10% 35%
2005JUASIT
2010JUASIT 22%
19%50%35%
, 32.0%
PL.
, 32.0%
, 7.0%
, 28.0%
, 1.0%
, 29.1%
, 38.8%
, 16.8%
, 10.1%
, 1.0%
, 4.3%
, 41.0%
, 34.5%
, 12.7%
, 8.6%
, 0.1%
, 3.1%
2005JISA
2012IPA/SEC*1
*1IPA/SEC2012 2012IPA/SEC*1
8 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
1.5 (1)
KKDKanKeikenDokyo
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IPA/SEC 200712
https://sec.ipa.go.jp/project_assessment/TopMenu.do
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1.5 (2)
DeMarco-Glass
A. Endres, D. Rombach, A Handbook of Software and Systems Engineering 1/E, Pearson Education, 2003,2005
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1.5 (3)
B. Boehm, Software Engineering Economics,1984
IPA/SEC2006
:
41|
4
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1.5 (4)
12%
Capers Jones 22009
IPA/SEC2006
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CoBRA CoBRA CoBRA
14 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
2.1
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
COCOMO
WBS
1990
KKD)
30%2005 402012
2
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2.2 (1/4)
195060
V. Norden, 1958
Curve Fitting for a Model of Applied Research and Development Scheduling
Nelson, E.A., Management Handbook for the Estimation of Computer Programming Cost, TM-3224, SDC, 1966
169
6
Nelson-Jones
2
16 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
2.2 (2/4) 1970
29%
C.E. Walston, C.P. Felix. A Method of Programming Measurement and Estimation" IBM Systems Journal, vol. 16, No. 1, 1977
SLIML.H.Putnam
Tp Ck
A.J. Albrecht, Measuring Application Development Productivity, Proceedings of the Joint SHARE,
GUIDE, and IBM Application Developments Symposium, 1979
1970
34
31
pk TEffortCSize
107.552.50
8
6
4
2
0
t
y
t
y
5.76*t*exp(-0.08*t^2)
)2
exp()(2
2
b
t
b
tktM
2
3TimenEffort
17 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
19801980
Basili
Kitchenham & Taylor, 1985; Kemerer, 1987)
2.2 (3/4)
COCOMO1981
Boehm TRW
15
194.2
i i
E EMSizePM
4.18
2.36
1.87
1.66
1.57
1.56
1.51
1.49
1.34
1.32
1.23
1.23
1.2
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Personnel/team capability
Product complexity
Required reliability
Timing constraint
Applicatoins experiece
Storage constaint
Modern programming practices
Software tools
Virtual machine experience
Turnaround time
Schedule constraint
Data base size
Language Experience
MR,, cba
cSizeaMRE b
2
18 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
2.2 (4/4)
1990
(Briand, 1992)
(Jrgensen, 1995; Finnie, 1997)
CART Regression tree(Srinivasan & Fisher, 1995; Kitchenham, 1998)
19902000
(Hst & Wohlin,1998; Stensrud & Myrtveit, 1998)
CoBRA (Briand. 1998a)
2
19 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
2.3
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
76 Cyclomatic
77 Software Science(HALSTEAD)
79 FP
87
89 MKII FP 00 COSMIC-FFP
97 CoBRA
97 COCOMO 81 COCOMO
05 NESMA(FP)
58
SLOC (Instructions)
78 SLIM
86 COMPO
90
73 PRICE-S
90
88 SEER-SEM
63 NELSON
93 Use Case 91
2
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CoBRA CoBRA CoBRA
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3.1
3
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3.2
3
23 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
3.3
3
24 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
3.4 CoBRA
CoBRA5
*Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment
3
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CoBRA CoBRA CoBRA
26 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
45
20
5
RFP
4.1 CoBRA
4CoBRA
KKD
K
D
K)
27 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.2 CoBRA
CO
CO
4CoBRA
28 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.3 CoBRA
COi
PJ-1 10.3KLOC 9.2
PJ-2 8.8KLOC 7.5
PJ-3 21.3KLOC 18.7
PJ-4 42.5KLOC 52.1
PJ-5 5.2KLOC 6.3
PJ-6 22.3KLOC 18.2
PL
(%)
C
B
A
4CoBRA
29 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.4 CoBRA
COCOMO OSR CART ANOVA
310
CoBRA
4CoBRA
30 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.5
034
COi
4CoBRA
31 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.6
4CoBRA
32 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.6
4CoBRA
33 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.6
4CoBRA
34 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.7 CoBRA IPA/SEC
CoBRA
IPA/SECURL http://sec.ipa.go.jp/tool/cobra/
Web
CoBRA
Excel
IPA/SEC
4CoBRA
http://sec.ipa.go.jp/tool/cobra/
35 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
[]
6.3%
6.7%
8.3%
10.6%
11.6%
16.2%
16.4%
17.8%
25.2%
29.5%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0%
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
960 1420880 1260660
0.1
4.8 CoBRA
PMO
24.6
19.4
16.8
15.5
9.8
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
[%]
960 1420880 1260660
4CoBRA
36 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
4.9 CoBRA
1997IESE http://www.cobrix.org/index.html
2007820083 8CoBRA
3
CoBRA 20095 CoBRA
http://cobra.mri.co.jp
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CoBRA 20114
20103
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4CoBRA
http://www.cobrix.org/index.htmlhttp://cobra.mri.co.jp/http://sec.ipa.go.jp/tool/cobra/
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CoBRA CoBRA CoBRA
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5.1 CoBRA
CoBRA
23
10
COi
5 CoBRA
39 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
5.2 1
23
IPA/SEC19
CoBRAA
(CO1)
(CO8)
(CO7)
(CO10)
(CO9)
(CO6)
(CO5)
(CO3)
(CO2)
(CO4)
5 CoBRA
40 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
5.2 1
23
IPA/SEC19
CoBRAA
CO 0
CO1
5 550
50100
100%
CO2
IT
IT
CO3
1
501
3
503
CO4
40
4060
6080
80
5 CoBRA
41 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
5.2 1
IPA/SEC19
CO1
3
% % %
60% 30% 15%
50% 20%
110% 40% 75%
3
5 CoBRA
42 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
5.2 2
610
403
0
3
12
KSLOC
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5 CO6
1 1 10.3 9.2 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 8.8 7.5 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 21.3 18.7 0 1 1 0 1 1 4 4 42.5 52.1 0 2 1 1 2 2 5 5 5.2 6.3 0 1 0 0 1 1 6 6 22.3 18.2 1 1 1 1 2 2
5 CoBRA
43 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
5.2 3 CO 1/2
COi
03 4
COi
COi
COi COi
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5
1 0 2 1 3
COi
1/3 1
1
CO1
5 CoBRA
44 Copyright 2012 MRI, All Rights Reserved
0%
