计算机系信息处理实验室 Lecture 16 Networking xlanchen@06/10/2005

计算机系•信息处理实验室

Lecture 16 Networking

xlanchen@06/10/2005

xlanchen@06/10/2005 Understanding the Inside of Windows2000

2计算机系信息处理实验室

Content

The OSI Reference Model

Networking APIs

Network-Resource Name Resolution

Protocol Drivers

NDIS Drivers

Binding

Layered Network Services



The OSI Reference Model

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model

7 layers

An idealized scheme



2K Networking Components

Networking APIs

protocol-independent

Transport Driver Interface (TDI) clients

kernel-mode device drivers

TDI transports

kernel-mode protocol drivers

NDIS library

Ndis.sys

NDIS miniport drivers



Networking APIs

Named pipes and mailslots

Windows Sockets (Winsock)

Remote procedure call (RPC)

Common Internet File System (CIFS)

NetBIOS



Named Pipes and Mailslots

Named pipes

Provide reliable bidirectional communications

Mailslots

Provide unreliable unidirectional data transmission

Support broadcast capability



Named pipe communications

\\Server\Pipe\PipeName| | | a unique name| | | (can include

subdirectories) | | “Pipe”| the computer

Example: \\MyComputer\Pipe\MyServerApp\ConnectionPipe



Named Pipe Operation

CreateNamedPipe

A pope operates in byte mode or message mode

ConnectNamedPipe

synchronously or asynchronously

CreateFile or CallNamedPipe

ReadFile and WriteFile (Win32 Func)

Establish the connection



Mailslot Operation

Name: \\Server\MailSlot\MailSlotName

Func: CreateMailSlot, ReadFile; CreateFile, WriteFile

Message size < 425 Bytes



Named Pipe and Mailslot Implementation

Name resolution: \\.\Pipe\PipeName

Npfs.sys Msfs.sys

Symbolic link: \\?\Pipe; \\?\MailSlot



EXPERIMENT

Listing the Named Pipe Namespace and Watching Named Pipe Activity



Windows Sockets

Microsoft's implementation of BSD Sockets

2K: Winsock 2.2

features

scatter-gather and asynchronous I/O

QoS conventions

Extensibility

integrated namespaces

multipoint messages



Winsock Operation

Support protocols

NetBEUI, TCP/IP, IPX

After initilization:

socket; bound; listen/connect/accept; recv/send



Winsock Implementation



Remote Procedure Call

Compatible with the OSF/DCE standard

procedural view VS. transport-centered view

Remote I/O request

OS : redirector|remote system, execute and

return|local: interrupt, & return to

caller



RPC Operation



RPC Implementation



Common Internet File System (CIFS)

A published Microsoft standard

An enhanced form of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol

allows third parties to interoperate with 2K file servers and with 2K file sharing clients

E.g. Samba shareware

Redirector FSD

executes on a client machine & communicates with a server FSD



CIFS



Distributed File Caching

To provide a consistent view of shared remote file

2K solution: distributed cache coherency

Mechanism: oplock

Three main types of oplock

Level I oplock

Level II oplock

Batch oplock



Oplock example



NetBIOS

Network Basic Input/Output System

NetBIOS Names

16byte

2K: first 15 bytes of DNS name + modifier

LANA number

WINS

NetBIOS Names TCP/IP addresses

NetBIOS API

Listen, …

unique

group



EXPERIMENT

Using Nbtstat to See NetBIOS Names



NetBIOS API Implementation



Other Networking APIs Telephony API (TAPI)

DCOM

Message Queuing



Network-Resource Name Resolution

Multiple Provider Router

Multiple UNC Provider



Multiple Provider Router



Multiple UNC Provider



Domain Name System



Protocol Drivers



NDIS Drivers



Binding



Layered Network Services

Remote access

Active Directory

Network Load Balancing

File Replication service (FRS)

Distributed File System (DFS)

TCP/IP Extensions

Network Address Translation

Internet Protocol Security

Quality of Service



Active Directory architecture



Network Load Balancing operation



DFS components



QoS architecture

Documents

计算机系 信息处理实验室 Lecture 16 Networking xlanchen@06/10/2005

计算机系信息处理实验室 Lecture 16 Networking xlanchen@06/10/2005