1

on-line

8-9

, ,

Major connections of halogens and their application .. ; , ; , .

: C : .

, .

: ; ;

; 17,4 13,0 , -3,45 3,61 . ? .: , . : = I + E ; I , E- . : F=17.4+3.45=20.85 CI=13,0+3.61=16,6 , .

: 35l 37l. 35,5 /. :1 35I 37I (1-) . : m(35CI) = 35x, m(37CI) =37(1-x), : m(CI) =35,5 =35x + 37 (1-x) =0,75 1 0,75 , 75%, 35CI 0,25 25% ,37CI: 75%, 35CI 25% ,37CI

?

?

? :

. . , . . +1, +3,+5, +7 . , , , nd0 . Cl2O, Cl2O3, Cl2O5, Cl2O7 . . +1+4+5+6+7F----lCl2OClO2-Cl2O6Cl2O7BrBr2OBrO2-BrO3Br2O7I-I2O4I2O5-I2O7 . . Cl2O- HClO Cl2O3- HClO2 Cl2O5 - HClO3 Cl2O7 - HClO4 . (I) I2 . - , . .

I2 (, , ) . , , , : 2CI2O = 2CI2 + O2 H0 =150 /I2 , : I2 + H2O = 2I (I) (II) : HgO + 2 12 = Hg12 + 12

ClO2 t . = 600 , t . = 100 , , .

:

2KCIO3+H2C2O4 K2CO3+ 2CIO2 + CO2 + H2O. . . CIO2 , . CIO2 : 2NaCIO3+SO2+H2SO4 2NaHSO4+ 2CIO2.

(IV) CI2 . . I2 . 2 12 + 2 = 13 + 12 (IV) ( ) . 2 I2 + 2 Na = NaI3 + NaI2 + H2O a , . 100 :NaI2+b(3)2=b(I2)2+23 (VII) I27 , , ;

(VII) I27 (t. = 83 ). 120 . . :Cl2O7 Cl2+ 3,5O2 H = 135 /

: Cl2O7+ H2O 2HClO4 : P4O10 + 2HClO4 Cl2O7 + H2P4O11. HCIO+1NaCIOHCIO2+3NaCIO2HCIO3+5NaCIO3HCIO4+7NaCIO4

HCIO

H- O - CI I I 3 g ( ) I : HCI NaCIO + HCI = NaCI + HCIO O3+2I+(I)=I2+2+2 + (I)2g+2I+(I)=I-g--g-I+2+ (I)I 3 g I ( = 3,7 10-8), . : I I + . . , .http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab730d0EMSE .) I I + ( ; : );) 2I 2 + I2 ( : I2, 25);) 3 I 2I + I3 (). , , I I + , . . . = + , I Br I :I Br I 5 * 10-8 ; 2,5* 10-9 ; 2,3*10-11 I I + + I- I - + I+ (b = 3.10-10) . I 2NaCIO+2CrCI3+10NaOH=2Na2CrO4+8NaCI+522I + 2+ + 2 = I2 + 2, = 1,63 I + 2 + 2 = 1 + 2, = 0,89 I + 2 I + ( > 7) , : 3 1 = 13 + 2 1 (, ) . CI2 + 2 NaOH => NaCl + NaClO + H2O . (, Javel , 1792 ) NaCIO+ NaCl). , . .

, . : . NaI + 2 + H2O Na3 + I Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2: CI2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaOCl2 + H2O , . , , , . :

CaOCl2 + I = I2 + I2 + 2 35% . HCIO2 H O- CI = O

: : 2CIO2 + H2O = HCIO2 + HCIO3. I2 , ( =110-2) , . 4 I2 = I + I3 + I2 + H2O 5 I2 = I2 + 3 I3 + H2O 2I2 + H2O2 + 2 Na = 2 NaI2 + 2 + 2 H2O 2 I2 + bO + 2 Na = 2 NaI2 + b2 + H2O, (IV) . 2 + I2 = (I2)2 + 2 (I2)2 + H2SO4 = SO4 + 2 I2 .

. NaI2 = 2 + NaI, (): 3 NaI2 = 2 NaI3 + NaI O H O -CI O

HCIO3

I3 r3 :3 I3 = I4 + 2 I2 + H2O4 r3 = 2 r2 + 5 2 + 2 H2OI3 , 40 % - . I3 , .2 I3 = I25 + H2 .

6 ()2 + 6 12 = 5 12 + (13)2 + 6 H2O(13)2 + H2SO4 = SO4 + 2 13 :r2 (I2) + 5 Cl2 + 6 H2O = 2 HrO3 + 10 HCl . 3 I2 + 10 HNO3 = 6 HIO3 + 10 NO + 2 H2O I3 r3 I3 , . 3 (, ) :CI2 + 2 OH => CI + CIO + H2O 3 I = I3 + 2 I ( I+1) 3 CI2 + 6 KOH = KCIO3 + 5 KCI + 3 H2O . KCIO3 + 5 KCI + 3 H2SO4 = 3 CI2 + 3 2SO4 + 3 H2O , , :

( KCIO3, I . . .

. . 2I3 = 2KCI + 3O2 (MnO2 ) 4I3 = 3I4 + I . I4

O H-O-CI O O

HCIO4

HCIO4 , , , , ; , ; . , .

. I4 + H2SO4 (.) = SO4 + I4 .3+*14- (t. = 49,9 )90 (, ) 4 , . 4 4 = 42 + 3 2 + 22O . I4 . - . (VII) :2 4 + 25 = 27 + 2 3 . ; . : 2 3 4 , , , . - - 4- - (- -) . - 1- 1,5- . - 209- 363,5 /. . (, ) , , . 4 + I + H2SO4 3+6 I+3 H2SO4 = + 3 2SO4+3 I2+ 3 23 + 6 I + 2 + 2 I + 2 = 1 + I2 + O r4 , . I4 , I4 * 22 . 5I6 . (1=5*10-4,2 = 2*10-7, 3 10-15), ( ) . : I4 * 2 I4 : 2 1 0 I4 1 1 3I5 1 2 5I6 2 1 4I29 ( ) . 5I6 :5(I3)2 5(I6)2 + 4 I2 + 9 25(I6)2 + 5 H2SO4 = 2 5I6 + 5 SO44 r4 I4 (5I6) , .1 Major connections of halogens 2 Oxygen connections3 Hlornovatisty acid4 Chloride acid5 Hlornovaty acid6 Chloric acid7Hypochlorite8Chlorite9Chlorate10Perchlorate :1. . ) I + r2 ) I3 + 2 ) 3 + r2 ) + r2

6 2 ) ? , ? ) : 13, N1, N14, 12.

6 3 , . KCO3 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 =KI + H2SO4 (.) =KBr + H2SO4 (.) =KI + KCO3 + H2SO4 =NaBr + NaBrO3 + H2SO4 =KMnO4 + HC (.) =C2 + Ca(OH)2 =6 4 ) , ? ) , ? 6 ! 24 .21 -24 518- 20 415 -17 314 25 - 89%-100 %4 - 75%-88%3 - 61%- 74% 2 - 60% . http://moodle/nis.edu.kz . 1. .. . , 20012. . 3. . " " 20024. .., .., .. : : 89 . . .: , 2004, 191 .5. .., .. . .: , , 2002, 285 .6 http://festival.1september.ru/articles/593355/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab730d0EMSE7. . 2000. http://www. ./articles/subjects/4/

! !Thanks for attention! !Good bye!