前言

本教材共分三部分，现将 Part A 部分编辑成电子教案，以便教师和同学讲课和学习。并对其中的句型和词组多以双语进行讲解。通过学习，能使学生不仅较全面的掌握计算机专业方面的知识，同时又能提高英文的基本知识和阅读方法

unit one: Information Systemsunit one: Information SystemsI:\unit1-5\1.pptUnit Two :Human-Computer InterfacesUnit Two :Human-Computer Interfaces2.pptUnit three: Operating systemsUnit three: Operating systems3.pptUnite four: Database IntroductionUnite four: Database Introduction4.pptUnit five:Unit five:System Analysis and DesignSystem Analysis and Design5.pptUnit six: Programming LanguageUnit six: Programming Language..\unit6-10\unit6.pptUnit seven: The Java Language..\unitUnit seven: The Java Language..\unit6-10\unit 7.doc6-10\unit 7.doc

Unit Eight:Software Engineering..\uUnit Eight:Software Engineering..\unit6-10\unit8.pptnit6-10\unit8.pptUnit Nine:Unit Nine:A Software DevelopmentA Software Development..\unit6-10\unit9.ppt..\unit6-10\unit9.ppt

Unit Ten:Unit Ten: Computer Network..\unitComputer Network..\unit6-10\unit10.ppt6-10\unit10.pptUnit ElevenUnit Eleven:Internet Basic..\unit11-Internet Basic..\unit11-15\unit11.ppt15\unit11.pptUnit twelve: COMPUTER VIRUSES..\Unit twelve: COMPUTER VIRUSES..\unit11-15\unit12.pptunit11-15\unit12.pptUnit ThirteenUnit Thirteen:BridgesBridges ，， RoutersRouters ，， and Gatewaysand Gateways..\unit11-15\unit13.ppt..\unit11-15\unit13.pptUnit FourteenUnit Fourteen : Network ApplicatioNetwork Applications..\unit11-15\unit14.pptns..\unit11-15\unit14.pptUnit FifteenUnit Fifteen: What is AI..\unit11-15\What is AI..\unit11-15\unit15.pptunit15.ppt

unit oneunit one

Information Systems

Information Systems An information system has five parts ：

people ， procedures ， software ， hardware ， and data. When you think of a microcomputer ， perhaps you think

of just the equipment itself. That is ， you think of the monitor or the keyboard. There is more to it than that. The way to think about a microcomputer is as part of an information system. An information system has five parts ： people ， procedures ， software ， hardware ，and data

（ 1 ） People ：It is easy to overlook people as one of the five parts of a microcomputer system. Yet that is what microcomputers are all about—making people， and users like yourself ， more productive.

Unite 1

（ 2 ） Procedures ： Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software ， hardware ，and data. Typically ， these procedures are documented in the manuals in manufactures which provide with their products.

（ 3 ） Software ： Software is another name for a program. A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. The purpose of software is to convert data （ unprocessed facts ） into information （ processed facts ） .

（ 4 ） Hardware ： The hardware consists of the equipment ： keyboard ， mouse ， monitor ， system unit ，and other devices. It actually processes the data to create information.

（ 5 ） Data ： Data consists of the raw ， unprocessed fact ， including text ， numbers ， images ， and sounds. Examples of raw facts are the hours you work and your pay rate. After data is processed through the computer ， it is usually called information. An example of such information is the total wages owed you for a week’s work.

In large computer systems ， there are specialists who deal with writing procedures ， developing software ， and capturing data. In microcomputer systems ， however ，end users often perform these operations. To be a competent end user ， you must understand the essentials of information technology （ IT ）， including software ， hardware ， and data.

Although easy to overlook ， people are surely the most important part of any information system.

Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. Many times the contact is direct and obvious such as when we create documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the internet.

Other times ， the contact is not as obvious. Nonetheless ， computers and information systems touch our lives hundreds of times every day. Consider just the following four examples.

（ 1 ） Software. Software is of two kinds ： system software and application software.

Software ， as we mentioned ， is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases ， the words software and programs are interchangeable.

There are two major kinds of software-systems software and application software. You can think of application software as the kind you use. Think of system software as the kind the computer uses.

（ 2 ） System software. The user interacts with application software. System software enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. System software is“background”software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources.

The most important system software program is the operating system ， which interacts with the application software and the computer. The operating system handles such details as running （“ executing” ） programs ， storing data and programs ， and processing data. Windows 2000 is one of the best-known operating systems for today’s microcomputer users.

（ 3 ） Application software. Application software might be descried as“end-user”software. Application software performs useful work on general-purpose tasks such as work processing and data analysis.

There are certain general-purpose programs or basic applications. These programs are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kind of programs you have to know to be considered computer competent. One of these basic applications is a browser to navigate ， explore ， and find information on the internet. The two most widely used browsers are Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Netscape’s Navigator.

There are many other applications that are more specialized and widely used within certain career areas.

They are the kind of programs you should know to be truly computer competent in the future. One of the most exciting applications is multimedia ， which allows users to integrate video ， music ， voice ， and graphics to create interactive presentations.

（ 4 ） Hardware. Hardware for a microcomputer system consists of a variety of different devices. This physical equipment falls into basic categories ： system unit ， input/output ， secondary storage ， and communication devices.

① System unit ： The system unit is electronic circuitry housed within the computer cabinet. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and memory. The microprocessor controls and manipulates data to produce information.

Memory，also known as primary storage or random access memory（RAM），holds data and program instructions for processing the data. It also holds the processed information before it is output. Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.

② Input/output devices ： Input devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse. Output devices translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand. The most common output devices are monitors and printers.

③ Secondary storage devices ： Unlike memory ， secondary storage devices hold data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off. The most important kinds of secondary media are floppy ， hard ， and optical disks. Floppy disks are widely used to store and transport data from one computer to another. They are called floppy because data is stored on a very thin flexible ， or floppy ， plastic disk. Hard disks are typically used to store programs and very large data files. Using a rigid metallic platter ， hard disks have a much greater capacity and are able to access information much faster than floppy disks. Optical disks use laser technology and have the greatest capacity. The two basic types of optical disks are compact discs （ CDS ） and digital versatile（ or video ） discs （ DVDs ） .

④ Communications devices ： Communications hardware sends and receives data and programs from one computer or secondary storage device to another. Many microcomputers use a modem to convert electronic signals from the computer into electronic signals that can travel over a telephone line and onto the Internet.

⑤ Worksheet files ， created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales.

⑥ Database files ， typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data. For example ， an employee database file might contain all the workers’ names ， social security numbers ， job titles ， and other related pieces of information.

⑦ Presentation files ， created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. For example ， a file might contain audience handouts ， speaker notes ， and electronic slides.

New Wordsapplication software 应用软件 communications hardware

通讯硬件

compact / 5kRmpAkt/ adj. 紧密的， vt.使紧密

disc computer / disk / n. 光盘network 计算机网络connectivity / kEnek5tiviti / n. 连通性，连接database file 数据库文件minicomputern. 小型计算机notebook computer 笔记本电脑

notebook computer 笔记本电脑

output device 输出设备

procedure /prE5si:dVE/ n. 过程

system software 系统软件

world wide web （ WWW ） 万维网，简称 WWW 或 3W