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上海海事大学信息工程学院
Practice of abstract reading, translation and writing
Abstract reading and translationAbstract writing
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg1: What Will 5G Be?
What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backward compatibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. However, unlike the previous four generations, it will also be highly integrative: tying any new 5G air interface and spectrum together with LTE and WiFi to provide universal high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg1: What Will 5G Be? (continued)
To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg1(ref): What Will 5G Be?
Words: Incremental cellular technology Paradigm compatibility
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg2: Circuit Topologies, Modeling, Control Schemes,
and Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters
Modular multilevel converters have several attractive features such as a modular structure, the capability of transformer-less operation, easy scalability in terms of voltage and current, low expense for redundancy and fault tolerant operation, high availability, utilization of standard components, and excellent quality of the output waveforms. These features have increased the interest of industry and research in this topology, resulting in the development of new circuit configurations, converter models, control schemes, and modulation strategies. This paper presents a review of the latest achievements of modular multilevel converters regarding the mentioned research topics, new applications, and future trends.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg2(ref): Circuit Topologies, Modeling, Control
Schemes, and Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation
Eg3: Five disruptive technology directions for 5G
New research directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. This article describes five technologies that could lead to both architectural and component disruptive design changes: device-centric architectures, millimeter wave, massive MIMO, smarter devices, and native support for machine-to-machine communications. The key ideas for each technology are described, along with their potential impact on 5G and the research challenges that remain.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg3(ref): Five disruptive technology directions for 5G
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg4: Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems
Multi-user MIMO offers big advantages over conventional point-to-point MIMO: it works with cheap single-antenna terminals, a rich scattering environment is not required, and resource allocation is simplified because every active terminal utilizes all of the time-frequency bins. However, multi-user MIMO, as originally envisioned, with roughly equal numbers of service antennas and terminals and frequency-division duplex operation, is not a scalable technology. Massive MIMO (also known as large-scale antenna systems, very large MIMO, hyper MIMO, full-dimension MIMO, and ARGOS) makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large excess of service antennas over active terminals and time-division duplex operation.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg4: Massive MIMO for next generation wireless
systems (continued)
Extra antennas help by focusing energy into ever smaller regions of space to bring huge improvements in throughput and radiated energy efficiency. Other benefits of massive MIMO include extensive use of inexpensive low-power components, reduced latency, simplification of the MAC layer, and robustness against intentional jamming. The anticipated throughput depends on the propagation environment providing asymptotically orthogonal channels to the terminals, but so far experiments have not disclosed any limitations in this regard.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg4: Massive MIMO for next generation wireless
systems (continued)
While massive MIMO renders many traditional research problems irrelevant, it uncovers entirely new problems that urgently need attention: the challenge of making many low-cost low-precision components that work effectively together, acquisition and synchronization for newly joined terminals, the exploitation of extra degrees of freedom provided by the excess of service antennas, reducing internal power consumption to achieve total energy efficiency reductions, and finding new deployment scenarios. This article presents an overview of the massive MIMO concept and contemporary research on the topic.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg4(ref): Massive MIMO for next generation wireless
systems
Words: Massive MIMO frequency-division duplex time-division duplex Scalable MAC layer
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg5: Image Quality Assessment for Fake Biometric
Detection: Application to Iris, Fingerprint, and Face Recognition
To ensure the actual presence of a real legitimate trait in contrast to a fake self-manufactured synthetic or reconstructed sample is a significant problem in biometric authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. In this paper, we present a novel software-based fake detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The objective of the proposed system is to enhance the security of biometric recognition frameworks, by adding liveness assessment in a fast, user-friendly, and non-intrusive manner, through the use of image quality assessment.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg5: Image Quality Assessment for Fake Biometric
Detection: Application to Iris, Fingerprint, and Face Recognition(continued)
The proposed approach presents a very low degree of complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications, using 25 general image quality features extracted from one image (i.e., the same acquired for authentication purposes) to distinguish between legitimate and impostor samples. The experimental results, obtained on publicly available data sets of fingerprint, iris, and 2D face, show that the proposed method is highly competitive compared with other state-of-the-art approaches and that the analysis of the general image quality of real biometric samples reveals highly valuable information that may be very efficiently used to discriminate them from fake traits.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract reading and translation Eg5(ref): Image Quality Assessment for Fake
Biometric Detection: Application to Iris, Fingerprint, and Face Recognition
Words: Image Quality Assessment Fake Biometric Detection legitimate trait biometric authentication fraudulent access attempts Impostor iris
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract writing Eg1:结构化压缩感知研究进展
压缩感知 (Compressive sensing, CS) 是一种全新的信息采集与处理的理论框架。借助信号内在的稀疏性或可压缩性，可从小规模的线性、非自适应的测量中通过非线性优化的方法重构信号。结构化压缩感知是在传统压缩感知基础上形成的新的理论框架，旨在将与数据采集硬件及复杂信号模型相匹配的先验信息引入传统压缩感知，从而实现对更广泛类型的信号准确有效的重建。本文围绕压缩感知的三个基本问题， 从结构化测量方法、结构化稀疏表示和结构化信号重构三个方面对结构化压缩感知的基本模型和关键技术进行详细的阐述，综述了结构化压缩感知的最新的研究成果，指出结构化压缩感知进一步研究的方向。
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract writing Eg1:结构化压缩感知研究进展
词汇：稀疏性—— sparsity
可压缩性—— compressibility
非自适应的—— non-adaptive
重构—— reconstruction
匹配—— matching
先验信息—— prior information
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract writing Eg1(ref): Research Advances on Structured Compressive
Sensing
Compressive sensing (CS) is a newly developed theoretical framework for information acquisition and processing. Using the non-linear optimization methods, the signals can be recovered from fewer linear and non-adaptive measurements by taking advantage of the sparsity or compressibility inherent in real world signals. Structured compressive sensing is a new framework which can treat more general signal classes to achieve the accurate and effective reconstruction in practice by introducing the prior information matching with data acquisition hardware and complicated signal models to traditional compressive sensing.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract writing Eg1(ref): Research Advances on Structured
Compressive Sensing
In this paper, the basic models and key techniques of structured compressive sensing are introduced in terms of the structured measurements, the structured dictionary representation and the structured signal reconstruction, which correspond to three basic aspects of compressive sensing, and the recent developments of structured compressive sensing are reviewed in detail. Finally, the current and future challenges of the structured compressive sensing are discussed.
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract writing Eg2: 5G 移动通信发展趋势与若干关键技术
第 5 代移动通信系统 (5G) 是面向 2020 年之后的新一代移动通信系统 , 其技术发展尚处于探索阶段 . 结合国内外移动通信发展的最新趋势 , 本文对 5G 移动通信发展的基本需求、技术特点与可能发展途径进行了展望 , 并分无线传输和无线网络两个部分 , 重点论述了富有发展前景的 7 项 5G 移动通信关键技术 , 包括大规模天线阵列、基于滤波器组的多载波技术、全双工复用、超密集网络、自组织网络、软件定义网络及内容分发网络 . 本文还概括性地介绍了国内 5G 移动通信的相关研发活动及其近期发展目标 .
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract writing Eg2: 5G 移动通信发展趋势与若干关键技术
词汇：大规模天线阵列—— massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)
基于滤波器组的多载波技术—— filter-bank based multi-carrier
全双工复用—— full duplex
超密集网络—— ultra dense network (UDN),
自组织网络—— self-organizing network (SON)
软件定义网络—— software defined networking (SDN)
内容分发网络—— content distribution network (CDN)
上海海事大学信息工程学院
Abstract writing Eg2(ref): The 5G mobile communication: the
development trends and its emerging key techniques
5G is a new generation mobile communication system that is to be commercialized in the year beyond 2020. Currently the development of 5G mobile communication system is on its earlier stage. In this article, the development requirements, technique features and possible approaches for the 5G are firstly addressed. The wireless transmission and networking techniques are introduced and remarked, which include massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), filter-bank based multi-carrier, full duplex, ultra dense network (UDN), self-organizing network (SON), software defined networking (SDN), and content distribution network (CDN). Furthermore, the recent R&D and promotion activities for 5G mobile communication system in China are summarized.
