中美图书馆之间合作的过去、现在中美图书馆之间合作的过去、现在和未来和未来

Sino-U.S. Library Cooperation: Past, Sino-U.S. Library Cooperation: Past, Present and FuturePresent and Future

周欣平 周欣平

美国柏克莱加州大学美国柏克莱加州大学 University of California, BerkeleyUniversity of California, Berkeley

第四届信息技术与教育国际学术研讨会，兰州，第四届信息技术与教育国际学术研讨会，兰州， June 2010June 2010

韦棣华 Mary Elizabeth Wood文华公书林和文华图专创始人

Mary Elizabeth Wood (August 22, 1861 – May 1, 1931) , founder of the first public library and first library school in China

安德鲁 · 卡内基(Andrew Carnegie 1835 － 1919)

卡内基的名言 卡内基的名言 Quotation of Andrew CarnegieQuotation of Andrew Carnegie

“ “ 地球上没有任何事物能象免费的公共图书馆那地球上没有任何事物能象免费的公共图书馆那样作为民主的摇篮，在这一个有着受过良好教育样作为民主的摇篮，在这一个有着受过良好教育国民的共和国里，地位、权力和财富都不重要” 国民的共和国里，地位、权力和财富都不重要”

There is not such a cradle of democracy upon There is not such a cradle of democracy upon the earth as the Free Public Library, this republic the earth as the Free Public Library, this republic of letters, where neither rank, office, nor wealth of letters, where neither rank, office, nor wealth receives the slightest consideration.receives the slightest consideration.

提纲 提纲 OutlineOutline

1. 1. 数字时代的图书馆 数字时代的图书馆 Libraries in the Digital AgeLibraries in the Digital Age

2. 2. 填补数字鸿沟 填补数字鸿沟 Bridging the Digital DivideBridging the Digital Divide

3. 3. 图书馆服务新理念 图书馆服务新理念 New Concepts of Library New Concepts of Library ServicesServices

4. 4. 数字时代图书馆的评估 数字时代图书馆的评估 Measuring Libraries in Measuring Libraries in

the Digital Agethe Digital Age

5. 5. 中美图书馆的合作交流与展望 中美图书馆的合作交流与展望 Future Future Cooperation between Chinese and Cooperation between Chinese and American LibrariesAmerican Libraries

1. 1. 数字时代的图书馆数字时代的图书馆

Libraries in the Digital AgeLibraries in the Digital Age

过去三十年是图书馆发展的震荡时期，图书过去三十年是图书馆发展的震荡时期，图书馆的变化速度超过了它们在过去几百年乃至馆的变化速度超过了它们在过去几百年乃至上千年的总和上千年的总和

The pace of change in libraries in the past The pace of change in libraries in the past three decades surpasses that in the past three decades surpasses that in the past one thousand yearsone thousand years

发展趋势 发展趋势 General TrendsGeneral Trends

新的知识和信息每分钟都在全球范围内产新的知识和信息每分钟都在全球范围内产生和传播；人类创造知识的能力得到了极生和传播；人类创造知识的能力得到了极大的提高 大的提高

New knowledge and information is created New knowledge and information is created and disseminated rapidly worldwide; our and disseminated rapidly worldwide; our ability to create knowledge has been ability to create knowledge has been greatly enhancedgreatly enhanced

发展趋势 发展趋势 General TrendsGeneral Trends

知识和信息资源管理的集成化是发展最显著的特知识和信息资源管理的集成化是发展最显著的特点。图书馆从单一的信息储存机构变为大规模的点。图书馆从单一的信息储存机构变为大规模的知识体系，而这个知识体系是不断变化的和全球知识体系，而这个知识体系是不断变化的和全球性的性的

The most striking characteristics of this The most striking characteristics of this transformation is that knowledge and information transformation is that knowledge and information are increasingly aggregated. Libraries are are increasingly aggregated. Libraries are becoming knowledge networks that are becoming knowledge networks that are constantly changing and becoming globalconstantly changing and becoming global

信息的集成化信息的集成化Aggregation of InformationAggregation of Information

信息链造成大规模知识和信息的集成信息链造成大规模知识和信息的集成 Aggregation generates large quantity of Aggregation generates large quantity of

knowledge and informationknowledge and information

开放的空间成为信息传播的主要途径开放的空间成为信息传播的主要途径 Open access is the normOpen access is the norm

纸本与数字信息共存，而后者是前者的许多倍纸本与数字信息共存，而后者是前者的许多倍 Print and digital content co-exist, but the latter is Print and digital content co-exist, but the latter is

many times larger than the former many times larger than the former

信息的集成化信息的集成化 -- 续续Aggregation of Information (cont’d)Aggregation of Information (cont’d)

信息储存的实体空间与虚拟空间并存信息储存的实体空间与虚拟空间并存Physical vs. cyber spacesPhysical vs. cyber spaces

图书馆之间的合作产生了全球知识信息网图书馆之间的合作产生了全球知识信息网 Cooperation among libraries leads to the Cooperation among libraries leads to the

formation of a global knowledge networkformation of a global knowledge network

知识信息系统的特点知识信息系统的特点CharacteristicsCharacteristics

信息的产生与发布是随时的，并可以不断修信息的产生与发布是随时的，并可以不断修改更新改更新

Knowledge and information is fluid and Knowledge and information is fluid and changeablechangeable

维基经济学：大规模的共创、共享和社会互维基经济学：大规模的共创、共享和社会互动给知识的产生带来了飞跃动给知识的产生带来了飞跃

Wikinomics: mass collaboration and sharing Wikinomics: mass collaboration and sharing changes everything changes everything

2. 2. 填补鸿沟填补鸿沟

Bridging the digital divideBridging the digital divide

信息化程度的飞速提高造成了地区之间的不平衡，信息化程度的飞速提高造成了地区之间的不平衡，即数字鸿沟 即数字鸿沟

Rapid advancement of an information society Rapid advancement of an information society has led to a digital divide has led to a digital divide

我们必须多关注中国农村和欠发达地区图书馆事我们必须多关注中国农村和欠发达地区图书馆事业的发展业的发展

We need to pay more attention to library We need to pay more attention to library development in China’s poor and less developed development in China’s poor and less developed regionsregions

文献传递 文献传递 Document DeliveryDocument Delivery

图书交流范例图书交流范例

3. 3. 图书馆服务新理念图书馆服务新理念

New Concepts of Library ServicesNew Concepts of Library Services

第二代互联网和第二代图书馆：网络时代 第二代互联网和第二代图书馆：网络时代 的图书馆的图书馆

Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 in the Age of Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 in the Age of NetworkingNetworking

新一代知识网 新一代知识网 Networked Digital Networked Digital LibrariesLibraries

将图书馆的馆藏放在一个手提电脑上将图书馆的馆藏放在一个手提电脑上 Collections on a computerCollections on a computer

计算机信息处理速度以光学速度计算计算机信息处理速度以光学速度计算 Computing speed at that of the lightComputing speed at that of the light

虚拟的资讯服务 虚拟的资讯服务 Virtual information serviceVirtual information service

““云端计算”云端计算” 让无数的服务器共同工作，把信息让无数的服务器共同工作，把信息的收集和储存变为社会行为和共享的基础 的收集和储存变为社会行为和共享的基础 Cloud Cloud computing and shared cyber infrastructure)computing and shared cyber infrastructure)

台湾数位典藏与数位学习成果入口网台湾数位典藏与数位学习成果入口网Taiwan’s National Digital Archive and Digital Taiwan’s National Digital Archive and Digital

Learning NetLearning Net

4. 4. 数字时代图书馆的评估数字时代图书馆的评估

Measuring Libraries in Measuring Libraries in

the Digital Agethe Digital Age

新的考量新的考量New ConsiderationsNew Considerations

收集知识的规模与能力 收集知识的规模与能力 Ability to acquire Ability to acquire knowledge and information resources on a large knowledge and information resources on a large scalescale

知识产生过程中的参与和核心地位 知识产生过程中的参与和核心地位 Critical role in Critical role in the creation of knowledgethe creation of knowledge

优良的信息组织、储存与发布 优良的信息组织、储存与发布 Ability to organize, Ability to organize, store and disseminate informationstore and disseminate information

良好的创新能力 良好的创新能力 CreativityCreativity

综合知识信息资源 综合知识信息资源 Combination of print and non-Combination of print and non-print publications and dataprint publications and data

新的图书馆评估标准新的图书馆评估标准New MeasurementsNew Measurements

①①馆藏资源的数量和质量；馆藏资源的数量和质量；②②网络及数字化程度；网络及数字化程度；③③多元化的信息管理和服务；多元化的信息管理和服务；④④全球范围内信息全球范围内信息资源的获取和利用；资源的获取和利用；⑤⑤提供远距离学习和教 育之提供远距离学习和教 育之环境；环境；⑥⑥馆员素质馆员素质

1. Quality and quantity of collection resources; 2. 1. Quality and quantity of collection resources; 2. Network and digital capacities; 3. Diverse Network and digital capacities; 3. Diverse information resources and services; 4. Global information resources and services; 4. Global information gathering and utilization; 5. information gathering and utilization; 5. environment for distance and digital learning; 6. environment for distance and digital learning; 6. Quality of the staffQuality of the staff

5. 5. 中美图书馆合作交流展望中美图书馆合作交流展望

Future Cooperation between Future Cooperation between Chinese and American LibrariesChinese and American Libraries

正在进行的中美图书馆合作正在进行的中美图书馆合作Current and on-going Library Cooperation between Current and on-going Library Cooperation between

Chinese and American LibrariesChinese and American Libraries

– 中美图书馆高层论坛中美图书馆高层论坛Strategic forum and discussionsStrategic forum and discussions

– 文献传递 文献传递 Document deliveryDocument delivery– 图书馆员培训图书馆员培训 Librarian training Librarian training

正在进行的中美图书馆合作正在进行的中美图书馆合作– – 续续Current and on-going Library Cooperation between Current and on-going Library Cooperation between

Chinese and American Libraries (Cont’d)Chinese and American Libraries (Cont’d)

– 文献整理和研究文献整理和研究 Cooperative research of classical Chinese Cooperative research of classical Chinese

publicationspublications

– 双边组织合作双边组织合作 , , 如环太平洋地区数字图书馆联盟 如环太平洋地区数字图书馆联盟 PRDLAPRDLA ，太平洋邻里联盟，太平洋邻里联盟 PNCPNC等等

Cooperative consortia such as PRDLA, PNCCooperative consortia such as PRDLA, PNC

– 人员交流人员交流 Personnel exchangePersonnel exchange

未来的合作展望未来的合作展望Future CooperationFuture Cooperation

资源交流和共享 资源交流和共享 Resource sharingResource sharing

图书馆战略发展规划图书馆战略发展规划 Strategic planningStrategic planning

大型数字文献建设大型数字文献建设 Mass digitizationMass digitization

共建图书馆服务新模式共建图书馆服务新模式 Joint development of new library service Joint development of new library service

modelsmodels

Questions?Questions?

谢谢！谢谢！