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조선분야에서 유용한 비선형 해석 기술 MSC Shipbuilding Application Seminar Prepared by 한국엠에스씨소프트웨어㈜

조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

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Page 1: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

조선분야에서 유용한 비선형 해석 기술MSC Shipbuilding Application Seminar

Prepared by 한국엠에스씨소프트웨어㈜

Page 2: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• MSC.Software의 주요 Solver

• MSC.Software의 주요 Pre/Post Product

• Marc / Mentat 소개

• Marc를 활용한 해석 예제

• 비선형성(nonlinearity) 이란?

– 기하학적비선형(geometric nonlinearity)

– 재료비선형(material nonlinearity)

– 경계조건비선형(boundary condition nonlinearity)

• 주요 해석 기술

– 용접(welding)

– 균열진전(crack propagation)

– 후좌굴(post-buckling)

211/6/2014

차례

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MSC Software Confidential

• Nastran

– MSC.Software의대표 Solver이며, 적용분야에따라다양하게분류

• SOL101 – Statics with Linear Contact

• SOL103 – Modal Stress

• SOL200 – Optimization

• etc ……

• SOL400 – Implicit Nonlinear Analysis

• SOL600 – Nastran Advanced Nonlinear

• SOL700 – Explicit Nonlinear Analysis

311/6/2014

MSC.Software의 주요 Solver

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MSC Software Confidential 411/6/2014

MSC.Software의 주요 SolverFatigue

Marc

Adams

Actran

Dytran

Page 5: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential 511/6/2014

MSC.Software의 주요 Pre/Post Product

• Patran

• SimXpert

• Mentat

• Adams/view

Page 6: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential 611/6/2014

MSC.Software의 주요 Pre/Post Product

• SimDesigner

• APEX

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MSC Software Confidential

• Analyzed and influenced final design decisions on:

– Automotive parts– Nuclear reactor housings– Biomedical equipment– Offshore platform components– Fiberglass fabric roof structures– Rocket motor casings– Ship hulls– Elastomeric mounts– Space vehicles– Electronic components– Steam-piping systems– Engine pistons– Tires– Jet engine rotors– Welding, casting, quenching– Large strain metal extrusions

711/6/2014

Marc / Mentat 소개 – 적용 산업 분야

TOYOTA

Page 8: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential 811/6/2014

Marc / Mentat 소개 – 해석 범위

Structural

– Linear and Nonlinear solutions

– Static and Transient Analysis

– Buckling and Post-Buckling

– Fracture Mechanics

– Time and Frequency based (Classical)

Dynamics

• Frequency (and Modal) Extraction

• Direct (Transient)

• Modal (Transient)

• Frequency Response (Steady Stat

e)

• Spectrum Response

• Design Sensitivity and Optimization

Non-Structural

– Thermal

– Electrostatic

– Piezoelectric

– Magnetostatic

– Current/Thermal

– Magnetodynamic

– Diffusion

– Acoustic

– Fluid

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MSC Software Confidential 911/6/2014

Marc를 활용한 해석 예제

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MSC Software Confidential 1011/6/2014

Marc를 활용한 해석 예제

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MSC Software Confidential 1111/6/2014

Marc를 활용한 해석 예제

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MSC Software Confidential 1211/6/2014

Marc를 활용한 해석 예제

Page 13: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential 1311/6/2014

Marc를 활용한 해석 예제

Page 14: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential 1411/6/2014

Marc를 활용한 해석 예제

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MSC Software Confidential

• 선형(linear) vs. 비선형(nonlinear)

– 입력(input) vs. 출력(output)이비례관계 or not.

• 입력과출력의관계를그래프로표현할때

선형 = 직선비선형 ≠ 직선

– ex. 힘과변위의관계를표현한다면

1511/6/2014

비선형성(nonlinearity) 이란?

Page 16: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• 선형(linear) vs. 비선형(nonlinear) (Cont.)

1611/6/2014

비선형성(nonlinearity) 이란?

선형(linear) 비선형(nonlinear)

힘과 변위의 관계에서 기울기가 변하지 않는다.

힘과 변위의 관계에서 기울기가 힘과 변위의 함수로 표현된다.

근본적으로는 비선형을 선형으로 가정하는것이다.

기울기는 매번 다시 계산된다.

전 구간 비선형에 대해 일부분을 선형으로보기도 한다.

계산이 수렴되는 과정을 반드시 거친다.

선형 해석끼리 중첩이 가능하다. 선형에 비해 해석 시간이 오래 걸린다.

비선형에 비해 해석 시간이 적게 걸린다. 선형에 비해 좀 더 현실에 가깝다.

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MSC Software Confidential

• 비선형성(nonlinearity) 의 구분

1711/6/2014

비선형성(nonlinearity) 이란?

기하학적 비선형(geometric nonlinearity)

재료 비선형(material nonlinearity)

경계조건 비선형(boundary condition nonlinearity)

(Contact Nonlinearity)

Page 18: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• 대변형(large deformations – displacements and rotations)

• 좌굴(buckling)

– Snap Through

– Collapse

• 대변위(large displacements)

• 대변형률(large strain)

1811/6/2014

기하학적 비선형(geometric nonlinearity)

Stretching of a thin sheet

with a hemispherical

punch

Page 19: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• 선형 탄성 Bar – Spring

– P = k u

– u = P / k

– 그림에서와같이물성이선형탄성이고,

변형율이작더라도대변형이발생할수있다.

1911/6/2014

기하학적 비선형(geometric nonlinearity)

회전하고있는엔진의 Blade는정지하고있을때에비해고유모드와고유진동수가 더높다.

Page 20: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• Marc에서 적용 가능한 물성 항목

– Elastic

– Elastic-Plastic

– Creep

– Rubber (hyperelastic)

– Foam

– Composite

– Mixtures

– Rebar

– Cohesive Interface

– Gasket

– Shape memory

– Visco-plastic

– Etc…….

2011/6/2014

재료 비선형(material nonlinearity)

– Elastic

• 응력 vs. 변형률간의선형관계

– Plasticity

• 소성에관한정보입력

– Thermal Expansion

• 온도변화에따른변형률

– Viscoelasticity

• 시간종속적응력 vs. 변형률선형관계

– Viscoplasticity

• 시간종속적소성정보

– Creep

• Time/Rate/Stress 종속적비탄성거동

– Damage Effects

• 손상누적계산법

– Cure Shrinkage

• Curing 과정에서의체적수축

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• 소성 정보 입력 방식

2111/6/2014

재료 비선형(material nonlinearity)

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MSC Software Confidential

• 초탄성 재료 입력 방식

2211/6/2014

재료 비선형(material nonlinearity)

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MSC Software Confidential

• Composite 입력 방식

2311/6/2014

재료 비선형(material nonlinearity)

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

Laminated Shell

Stacked Bricks

or Solid Shell

Page 24: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• Contact Nonlinearity

– Lagrange multipliers

• Increased number of equations

• Zero terms on main diagonal of system matrix

• Used by Marc for gap elements

– Augmented Lagrangian approach

• Number of equations remains the same

• Increase of bandwidth of system matrix

• Choice of penalty function is problem dependent

• Used by Marc for segment-to-segment contact

– Solver constraints

• No additional degrees of freedom

• Increased bandwidth of system matrix

• No special elements required

• Used by Marc for node-to-segment contact

2411/6/2014

경계조건 비선형(boundary condition nonlinearity)

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MSC Software Confidential

• Contact 방식의 비교

– Node – to – Segment

• 기존에일반적으로사용해오던방식

• 두 Contact Body에서한개 Body의모든 Node들이다른 Body의모든 Segment를확인하며Contact 하는방식

• Master – Slave 정의가반드시필요

– Segment – to – Segment

• 새롭게도입된방식

• 모든 Body들에서 Segment 끼리의접촉을정의

• 정확도가향상되었으며사용하기편리

2511/6/2014

경계조건 비선형(boundary condition nonlinearity)

Node-to-segment Segment-to-segment

Page 26: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

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• Contact Friction

2611/6/2014

경계조건 비선형(boundary condition nonlinearity)

Arctangent Model Stick-Slip Model

Bilinear Model

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MSC Software Confidential

• Beam 에 대한 Contact

2711/6/2014

경계조건 비선형(boundary condition nonlinearity)

Page 28: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• Contact Nonlinearity 에 관한 예

2811/6/2014

경계조건 비선형(boundary condition nonlinearity)

Page 29: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• Weld Path 및 Weld Filler 지정

– Weld Path

• 용접경로를 Node 또는 Curve 등을활용하여다양하게지정

– Weld Filler

• 열입력

– 온도로입력

– Power로입력

• 초기조건

– Deactivated

– Quiet

2911/6/2014

용접(welding)

Page 30: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

MSC Software Confidential

• 용접 시 열 입력 항목

– Power

– Efficiency

– Width

– Depth

– Forward Length

– Rear Length

– Velocity

– Etc…..

3011/6/2014

용접(welding)

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MSC Software Confidential 3111/6/2014

용접(welding)

• 용접의 예

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MSC Software Confidential

• Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT)

– Fracture mechanics

– 선형 파괴역학에서균열은 다음과 같은 조건에서진행된다.

Total G > Gc

• G is the energy release rate

• Gc is the fracture toughness

• VCCT 방법은 Energy Release Rate 를 이용하는 방법 중의 한 가지– Energy release rate:

G = Fu/2a

3211/6/2014

균열진전(crack propagation)

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MSC Software Confidential

• Irwin’s Three Basic Modes of Crack Extension

• 균열 형상

3311/6/2014

균열진전(crack propagation)

line crack – 2D or shell

face crack – shell to shell face crack – 3D solid

line crack – shell edge to solid or shell face crack – shell to solid

Page 34: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

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• VCCT 사용 예

3411/6/2014

균열진전(crack propagation)

VCCT with Remeshing

VCCT without Remeshing

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• VCCT 사용 예

3511/6/2014

균열진전(crack propagation)

Animation shows region

released from gluedAnimation shows

glued region

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MSC Software Confidential

• 좌굴 해석

– 하중을받는구조물의붕괴가능성을예측하기위한해석

• 좌굴 해석의 구분

– 선형좌굴해석(linear buckling analysis)

• 선형좌굴하중을알기위해고유치를도출하는선형해석

– 비선형좌굴해석(nonlinear buckling analysis)

• 비선형해석을통해좌굴하중을예측하고좌굴이발생한후구조물의거동을이해하기위한해석

3611/6/2014

후좌굴(post-buckling)

𝑃 =𝑛2𝜋2𝐸𝐼

𝐿2𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, … . ∴ 𝑃𝑐𝑟 =

𝜋2𝐸𝐼

𝐿2

Pcr = 임계하중기둥부재의경우,

이문제는 1757년수학자오일러(Leonhard Euler)가풀어,

이하중을오일러하중(Euler Load)이라한다.

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MSC Software Confidential

• Linear Buckling의 예

3711/6/2014

후좌굴(post-buckling)

해석을 위해 입력된 하중(pressure) 50,000psi

Pcr =0.8342*50,000 = 41,706psi(Theoretical value = 41,700psi)

Page 38: 조선분야에서유용한비선형해석기술mscsoftware.co.kr/upfile/pro_pdf/2_nonlinear_interpretation.pdf · • SOL400 –Implicit Nonlinear Analysis ... face crack –shell

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• Nonlinear Buckling의 예

3811/6/2014

후좌굴(post-buckling)

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감사합니다.