定语从句

the Attributive Clause

高一英语语法

定语 my book a holiday of seven days

a seven-day holiday

something important

a good holiday a country developing fast

a toy factory a book written by J.k. Rowling

a developing country

a book to be published

a developed country

a book which was written by J.K. Rowling

1. 放在名词前2. 由单个的代词 / 数词 / 形容词 / 名词 /-ing/ -ed 来充当

1. 放在名词或代词后2. 由介词结构／形容词／ -ing 结构／ -ed 结构／ to do 结构／句子来充当

前置定语 后置定语

定语1. 用来修饰某个名词或代词的成分

2. 可以放在名词之前；也可以放在名词或代词之后

3. 在翻译时通常带有一个“的”

定语从句

定语从句1. 当定语成分由一个句子来充当时，这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词　

2. 通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后

This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling

3. 定语从句的必备两要素This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling

① 先行词（名词或代词）② 引导词（ that/which/who/whom/whose/

when/where/why… ）

1. You are the right man 　　　　　　　　　　 whom we are looking for.

2. I’ve spent all the money 　　　　　　　　　 which was given by my parents.

3. I will never forget the day when I joined the party.

4. This is the factory 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 where the machines are made.

找出定语从句；找出定语从句两要素

现在你认识定语从句了吗？从书本２６页课文中找出所有的定语从句

But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.

It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.

The number of people who were killed of injured reached more than 400 000.

…another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.

The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

定语从句考点

( 一 )

引导词的确定

引导词 　指代内容 　　充当成分　 who 　　　

whom

　 that

which

whose

　

when

where

why

人 主／宾／表人 宾

人／事物 主／宾／表

事物 主／宾

人的／事物的时间状语地点状语原因状语

时间地点原因

定 ( 后通常加名词或代词 )

方法二：还原法把先行词还原到定语从句中去 , 看看是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的位置上，最终来确定引导词．

例一： The students ________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam.

____________ don’t study hard.The students

主语，而且指人

who/that

例二： The woman _____________ you saw in the park is our Chinese teacher.you saw ____________ in the park.the woman

宾语，而且指人

(whom/who/that)

注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中，充当的是宾语 , 那么可以把引导词省略．

1. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to? 2. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you? 3. She and her family hid away for nearly 25 months before they were discovered? 4. Nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 5. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 6. All languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.

Revision of the last period

7. Some people who live in the mountains of eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. 8. She insisted that she organize the trip properly. 9. Now I know that the proper way is always her way. 10. We found a large atlas with good maps which showed details of world geography. 11. (Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?) That’s what we looked like. 12. We will reach Dali soon, where our cousins will join us.

3. Do you know the boy ____________ leg was broken when he fell out of a tree? 4. This is the boy ____________ sister is a famous singer. 5. The letter ___________ I received yesterday is from my brother. 6. The film ____________ we saw last night was wonderful. 7. The man _____________ was here a minute ago is my uncle.

whose

whose

(which/that)

(which/that)

who / that

8. The train ____________ was going to Guangdong was late. 9. The book _____________ he is reading is very interesting. 10. They’ll never forget the days ____________ they spent in the countryside. 11. They’ll never forget the days _____________ they studied together.

which / that

(which / that)

(which / that)

when

引导词的特殊情况

I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.

I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

This is the first book (that) he has read.

This is the very book that belongs to him.

(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。

(2) 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 　　　　　等修饰时(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。

只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况

(5) 先行词指人又指事物They talked about the people and things (that) they met at college.

只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况

(1) 非限定性定语从句，即有逗号隔开的定语从句It was felt in Beijing, which was 200 km away.

(2) 以介词开头的定语从句 , 即介词前置的定语从句 This is the room __________ Chairman Mao

once lived in.This is the room in ________ Chairman Mao once lived.

(which / that) which

(3) 定语从句修饰的是前面整句话He passed the exam, which surprised everyone in our class.

when, where, why

引导的定语从句

初步感知－ P37 Exercise 2

1. The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home.

2. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.

3. The time when I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.

4. The government building where we voted was very tall.

5. The date when I arrived was late at night.

1. The mines _______ I worked were 9 km from my home.

2. The reason _______ I got a job was because of my hard work.

3. The time _______ I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.

4. The government building _______ we voted was very tall.

5. The date ______I arrived was late at night

如何来确定引导词 ?

如何来确定引导词 ?方法一：根据先行词

方法二：还原法 ( 把先行词还原到定语从句中去 )例一： The mines ______ I worked were 9 km from my home.

I worked _________________. in the mines

地点状语

where / in which

例二： The reason ________I got a job was because of my hard work.

I got a job _______________. for the reason

原因状语

why / for which

例三： The time ＿＿＿＿ I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.

I joined the ANC ______________.

at the time

时间状语

when / at which

例四： The government building　＿＿＿＿ we voted was very tall.

We voted ________________. in the building

地点状语

where / in which

例五： The date ＿＿＿＿＿ I arrived was late at night.

I arrived ________________. on the date

时间状语

when / on which

1. The time ______ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.

2. The school ______ I studied for only two years was 3 km away.

3. The day _______ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.

4. The parts of town ________ they had to live were decided by white people.

5. The places _______ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.

when / at which

where / in which

when / on which

where / in which

where / in which

1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, ______ for the first time their team won the World Cup.

A. that B. while C. which D. when

D

B

I’ll never forget the day ________ we worked together.

when / on which

I’ll never forget the day_________ we spent happily together.

which / that

比较

We worked together on the day.

We spent the day happily together.

1. I will always remember the hours _____________ we lived together.

I will always remember the hours ____________ we spent together.

2. Can you still think of the village

______________he once worked?

Can you still think of the village

______________ he once visited?

when / in which

(which/that)

where / in which

(which / that)

总结1. 引导词的确定必须用还原法

2. 先行词还原后如果在它前面要加上一个介词，那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用 “ when/where/why” 来引导

3. “when/where/why” 通常可以替换成 “介词＋ which”( 仅限于定语从句中 )

4. 如果先行词是表示 “时间 / 地点 / 原因”的词 , 引导词并不一定是 “ when/where/why” ，也有可能是 “ which/that” ，

介词前置的定语从句

1. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 2. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 3. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 4. It was a prison from which no one escaped. 5. He is a man of great experience, from whom much can be learned. 6. Chapin, for whom money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends. 7. Antarctica, about which we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.

介词前置的定语从句

1. 考点一：　引导词 which, whom

2. 考点二：介词的确定方法：还原法－先行词还原到定语从句中去 , 看看它与定语从句之间需要哪个介词来连接．

例一： Mandela was the black lawyer ______whom I went for advice. ______ whom I went for advice.

I went ______ Mandela for advice.to

to

例二： It was a prison ______ which no one escaped.

______ which no one escaped.

No one escaped ______ the prison.from

from

Can you work them out????????

1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.

2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.

3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.

4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet?

for

about

on

without

Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.

A. which B. whose C. that D. of which

the

综合练习

1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.

2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?

3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.

4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.

^

^

__( 去掉 )

which__to

the one

5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.

6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.

7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.

8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.

in

when

___

who___

(that/which)

^

^

9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.

10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.

11. We heard the news which our team won the game.

12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.

____

that____

that ____

why

it

____

13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.

14. That was the reason because she looked old.

15. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. as

who

______

____

why

^

16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.

17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.

18. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.

that

____

_____As

that

____

定语从句补充内容

They live in a house, whose door opensto the south.

whose 可以转换为 “ of +which”, 即whose + n. = the +n. +of+ which

=of+ which + the +n.

一 . whose 引导的定语从句

They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.

They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.

二 . 先行词是 way, 引导词通常是 in which/that/ 省略

____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth .

_____ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth .

As

It

三 . as 引导定语从句，通常以下面句式出现　　 As is known to all, … 　　　　　 As we all know, …

1. I have borrowed many books, many of _______ are about music. 2. I have borrowed many books, and many of ________ are about music.

1. There are 50 students in their class, most of ________ are from Tonglu. 2. There are 50 students in their class, and most of _______ are from Tonglu.

which

them

whom

them

四 . 有 and, but, so 等连词连接的复合句 不是定语从句，不需要用引导词去引导．