Upload
dinhkien
View
258
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
4 2 81-108 2008 / Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 81-108 Summer 2008
Awi Mona
30
2007
4 2 2008/ 82
1516
vs.
Robert A. Williams, Jr. The
American Indian in Western Legal Thought
Discourse of Conquest 13
Innocent IV, 1243-1254
Williams, 1990: 44
Williams, 1990: 45
Williams, 1990: 45
Robert A. Williams, Jr.
colonial legacyWilliams, 1991: 56
83
Williams, 1991: 56
Douzinas, 2000: 24-32
F. A. Hayek
1Hayek, 1960: 85
2
Macklem, 1993: 1357-64
1970
1 [t]he great aim of the struggle for liberty has been equality before of law 2 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 217AIII
1948 12 10
4 2 2008/ 84
Barsh, 1994: 43-45
Kingsbury, 2002: 410-3719 20
Dinah Shelton
soft law
non-bindingShelton, 2000: 3
Forrest, 2006: 229
Keal, 2003: 84-112 1950
Wiessner, 1999: 100-09 1970
S. James Anaya
Anaya, 2004: 52-53
85
Anaya, 2004: 49
1992 United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development
Earth Summit
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
Earth Charter3 27
22
United Nations General Assembly, 19924 1998
3 1992 5
Agenda 21Rio Declaration on Environment and DevelopmentUnited Nations Convention on Biological DiversityUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeStatement of Forest PrinciplesGrubb1993
4 22 Principle 22Indigenous people and their communities and other local communities have
4 2 2008/ 86
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
5
inherent sovereignty
Anaya, 2004: 145; Anaya & Grossman, 2002: 11-13
2008
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, DRIPs
6
169
46
12
3Foster, 2001: 150-56
Foster, 2007: 45-46
a vital role in environmental management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices. States should recognize and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development
5 2001 8 31 Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni CommunityNicaragua 79 Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v. Nicaragua, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R.,Ser. CNo. 79)Inter-American Court of Human Rights2002
6 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples61295 2007 9 13
87
7
Alfredsson, 1993: 41-54; Daes,
2001: 42
Anaya, 2004: 68-69
PositivismRealism
Arend, 2003: 24-25
1920
7 http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/
DRIPS_zh.pdf2008/6/11
4 2 2008/ 88
1970
Sanders, 1996: 20-24 S. James Anaya
Anaya, 2004: 4
Anaya, 1990: 837-44
Kingsbury, 2001: 189-252
1957 107
107
ILO Convention No. 107
89
8 107
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2001a
107
Wolfrum, 1999: 371-72; Hannum, 1988: 652-53
107
Anaya 107
Anaya, 2004:
55
107
Kingsbury, 1998: 424 107
107 27
8 1957 6 26 40 107 1959
6 2
4 2 2008/ 90
Berman, 1988: 48-49
Brownlie, 1992: 64 1989
169 1957 107
1989 169
1986 107
169
ILO Convention No. 16991986
107 107 1956 1957
107 Special Rapporteur
International Labour Organization, 1988: 100-18
9 1989 6 27 International Labour Conference, 28 I.L.M. 1382
169 1991 9 5
91
169
Swepston, 1990: 687-95;
Barsh, 1990: 213-34 169
10Anaya 1989 169
Anaya,
2004: 58
169
MacKay, 2002:
16-17
Wiessner, 1999: 100
11
12
10 169
Recognising the aspirations of these peoples to exercise control over their own institutions, ways of life and economic development and to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions, within the framework of the States in which they livehttp://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C1692008/6/11
11 169 13 1 In applying the provisions of this Part of the Convention governments shall respect
the special importance for the cultures and spiritual values of the peoples concerned of their relationship with the lands or territories, or both as applicable, which they occupy or otherwise use, and in particular the collective aspects of this relationshiphttp://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C1692008/6/11
12 169 16 1 Subject to the following paragraphs of this Article, the peoples concerned shall not
be removed from the lands which they occupyhttp://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ convde.pl?C1692008/6/11
4 2 2008/ 92
169 1957 107
the Universal Declaration of
Human RightsInternational Covenant of
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights
169
Swepston, 1990: 690-91; Barsh, 1990: 218
A.
B.
C.
169
1970
Gilbert, 2003:
205-06; Barsh, 1994: 33-451969
Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and
Protection of MinoritiesStudy on Racial Discrimination in the
93
Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Spheres
13
1970Commission on Human Rights
14
1971 5 21 1589L
BXXIVJos
Martinez Cobo15
1972 Cobo 15 Study
of the Problem of Discrimination against Indigenous Populations 1986
Cobo, 1986
Cobo
1982 198234
Working Group on Indigenous Populations
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
16
13 UN Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/301 14 Resolution 4B (XXIII) of 26 August 1970 15 Resolution B (XXIV) of 10 August 1971 16 ECOSOC resolution 1982/34, 7 May 1982
4 2 2008/ 94
10
5 5
1
United Nations Voluntary Fund for
Indigenous Populations
1. WGIP 2. 3.
1.
2. 3.
1.
2.
1. 2.
1. The Indigenous Caucus 2. 3.
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (2001b)
95
1982
1994
17 1995
20
2006
6 16 18
2008 9 13 143 4 11
19
1980
Indigenous People A New Partnership
1992 1993 International Year for the
Worlds Indigenous People20
1994 49214
8 9 International Day of the Worlds
Indigenous People1993
6 World Conference on Human
RightsVienna Declaration and Programme
17 Sub-Commission resolution E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/56, 28 October 1994 18 Human Rights Council resolution 2006/2 of 29 June 2006 19 UN General Assembly Resolution 61/295 on 13 September 2007 20 U.N.G.A. resolution 45/164 of 18 December 1990, and resolution 47/75 of 14 December
1992
4 2 2008/ 96
of Action
1993
12 21 48163 1995
2004 10 Indigenous People:
Partnership in Action
10 21
1994
2000
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues22
21 2004 12 22 Resolution A/RES/59/174 2005 1 1
10 22 Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/22 of 18 July 2000
97
2000 7 2002 5 13 24
16
Mandate
16 8
8
8
3 1 1 2002
2008 3 2008 2010
4 2 2008/ 98
Lars Anders-Baer Bartolom Clavero Salvador Hassan Id Balkassm Andrey A. Nikiforov Michael Dodson Paimanach Hasteh Margaret Lokawua Carlos Mamani Condori Elisa Canqui Mollo Liliane Muzangi Mbella Pavel Sulyandziga Carsten Smith Tonya Gonella Frichner QIN Xiaomei Victoria Tauli-Corpuz Simeon Adewale Adekanye
1 2002
2002 2003
2004 2005
Tony Coolidge
2006
Anaw loh pacida
2007
2008
23
23 http://aipp.womenweb.org.tw/Activity_Show.asp?Activity_
ID=58032008/6/11
99
1970
Morgan, 2004: 481-500
1997
Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples 1997
African Charter of Human and Peoples Rights
Draft Protocol to the International
Convention on the Protection of National or Ethnic Minorities or Groups
20 2007 9 13 61295
143 4
11 24
24 UN Document A / 61 / L.67
4 2 2008/ 100
Ban Ki-moonMichele Montas
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, 2007
Kahn, 2000: 10-16
Soviet UnionAfrican
Group
25
25 UN doc. A/61/L.67
101
Emmerich de Vattel
Byers, 2001: 81
26
27
26
1992110 27 2
4 2 2008/ 102