1.organizational:a

organize:vorganization:norganizer:n

1).Lastweek,ourschool________aspringouting.2).Thetaskcallsforthehighest_________skill.3).ChinahasjoinedWorldTrade__________.4).Heisthe__________ofthespeechcontest.

Answers:organized,organizational,Organization,organizer2.objective:nasubjective:3.predict:v

prediction:npredictable:apredictor:n4.simplify:v

simple:asimply:adsimplification:nsimplified:aExercisesfortheabovewords:

1).Themachineis_____inoperationbutcomplexinstructure.

2).ShakespearesRomeoandJulietintheoriginalisbeyondourcapacitywhile____editionisquiteeasy.

3).Thereisnopointinarguingaboutit,becauseitis_______aquestionofprocedure.4).The______ofworkingprocessfreedtheworkersfroheavylabor.Answers:simple;simplified;simply;simplification

5.tendency:ntend:vtendtodosthe.g.oldpeoplehavethetendencyofgettingfatter.Oroldpeopletendtogetfatter.6.managerial:a

manage:vmanagement:n;manager:nmanageable:a

7.argue:varguwithsbabout/overstharguesbintodoingstharguesboutofdoingsthe.g.1>.Theyoungcouplealwaysarguewitheachotherovertheirchildseducation.

2>.Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.8.define:vdefinition:n9.profitability:n

profit:nprofitable:a,profitless:a

1).Hehasmadea_____fromrunningasmallrestaurant.

2).Thedealwas______toallofus.

3).Theyvalued_______differently,whichledtodisagreementastothecorrectnessofdecision.

Answer:profit,profitable;profitability.

10.correctness:ncorrect:avcorrection:nincorrect:a

11.unintended:a

intend:vintention:nintended:a

1.Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.(p1)

madefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailableachoice;thatareavailablecoursesofaction.

2.Thereasonformakingadecisionisthataproblemexists,goalsorobjectivesarewrong,orsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthem.(p1)

Thataproblemexistsgoalsorobjectivesarewrongsomethingisstandinginthewayofaccomplishingthemmakeadecision:standintheway:

3.Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance,butsinceuncertaintyisalwaysthere,riskaccompaniesdecisions.(p2)

whatthefuturewillbeataslittleaspossibleleavesincebecause.

4.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.(p3)

tobemadedecisionThelastquestiontobediscussedtodayishowtodividetheworkamongourselves.

5.Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.(p3)

basedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelikeconstraintsbaseonThefilmisbasedonsshortstorybyJackLondon.

6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)

thetendencytosimplifyblinds;themtosimplifythetendencytootheralternativesblindsbtosth:weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.

7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)

becausehowtoattainthegoalsaboutwhomakesthedecisionon

8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2--4)

moreimportantthanvaryfrompersontopersonvaryfromseasontoseason.

9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)

when+bepresentedwith=befacedwith

Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..

10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)

assume:=imagine;isolated:adjphenomenon:nphenomena

6.Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.(p4)

thetendencytosimplifyblinds;themtosimplifythetendencytootheralternativesblindsbtosth:weshouldntletourprejudicesblindustothefacts.

7.Becauseindividuals(andorganizations)frequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.(p6line4--6)

becausehowtoattainthegoalsaboutwhomakesthedecisionon

8.Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryfrompersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.(p7line2--4)

moreimportantthanvaryfrompersontopersonvaryfromseasontoseason.

9.Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.(p7line5--7)

when+bepresentedwith=befacedwith

Whenfacedwithdifficulties,weshouldbebrave..

10.Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.(p9)

assume:=imagine;isolated:adjphenomenon:nphenomena

1.interview:n/vinterviewer:ninterviewee:ne.g.1>.Who'sthemostfamouspersonyou'veeverinterviewedonTV?

2>.InaTVinterviewlastnight,shedeniedshehadanyintentionofresigning.2.criticism:ncriticize:vcritical:acritic:n,

1>Heisaliterary______.

2>Weareata_______timeinourhistory.

3>Hecan'ttake________.

4>Theboywas______byhisfatherforbeinglateforschool.Answers:critic,critical,criticism,criticized

3.indifference:nindifferent:aenthusiastic:cf:different:adifference;same.4.inefficiency:n

efficient:aefficiency:ninefficient:a

5.conservative:aconserve:vconservation:n6.applytosbforsth:

e.g.Thestudentappliedtotheembassyforavisa.7.takethetroubletodosth:

e.g.IfyoutookthetroubletolistentowhatIwassaying,you'dknowwhatIwastalkingabout.

8.putoneselfinsomebody'splace:

Ifyouputyourselfinyourmother'splace,youwillunderstandwhysheissoworriedaboutyou.

9.inhand:

I'vegotenoughmoneyinhandtobuyanewcar.10.turndown:

TurndowntheTV,forthebabyissleeping.

Heturneddownthejobbecausethepayisn'tgoodenough.

1.Thekeywordsherearepreparationandconfidence,whichwillcarryyoufar.p2

whichwillcarryyoufarpreparationandconfidencekeypreparationprepareconfidence:nConfident:aself-confidence:

2.Findoutallyoucanaboutthejobyouareapplyingforandtheoriginationyouhopetoworkfor.(p4)

youareapplyingforthejob;youhopetoworkfortheoriginationapplytosbforsth

3.Itshowsanunattractiveindifferencetoyouremployerandtoyourjob.(p6)

itshowsanunattractiveindifferencetoyouremployerandtoyourjobShowsthtosb=showsbsth.indifference:

4.Hewantssomebodywhoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejob.(p7)

whoishard-workingwithapleasantpersonalityandarealinterestinthejobsomebodywithhaveinterestinsth5.Anythingthatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployercanbeusedtoyouradvantageduringtheinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkfor.(p8)

anythingcanbeusedtoyouradvantage.thatyoufindoutabouttheprospectiveemployerduringtheinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthepeoplewhoyouhopetoworkforwhoyouhopetoworkforthepeople.toyouradvantage:workforsb

6.Donotbeafraidtoaskforclarificationofsomethingthathasbeensaidduringtheinterviewifyouwanttobesurewhatwasimplied,butdobepolite.(p10)

notbeafraidtodosth;askforclarificationthathasbeensaidduringtheinterviewsomething;whatwasimplieddobepolite:dodobecareful!Idoloveyou!Hedoeslietous!

7.Havetheletterinvitingyouforaninterviewreadytoshowincasethereisanydifficultyincommunication.(p16)

Havetheletterinvitingyouforaninterviewreadytoshowincasethereisanydifficultyincommunicationthereissomedifficultyinsth/doingsthWehavesomedifficultyspeakingEnglishfluently.

8.Thereislittlelikelihoodthatapaneloffivewantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturn.(p20)

thatapaneloffiveantstogothroughtheprocessofallshakinghandswithyouinturnlittlelikelihoodlikelihood:npossibility;gothroughinturn:9.Wouldyoumindrephrasingthequestion,please?(p23)

minddoingsth.WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?as

asasasif,asthough,aslongas,asto,asfor,soasto,etc.

,as

1.IworkasanEnglishteacherinamiddleschool.2.Runasfastasyoucan.

3.Youngasheis,heknowsmorethanI.4.JustasIwasleaving,thetelephonerang.5.PleasedoasIhavetoldyou.

6.AsIamtheoldestchildinmyfamily,Imusttakecareoftheotherchildren.7.Suchpeopleasyouhavedescribedarerarenow|

1.astronomer:nastronomy:n

2.explode:v,explosive:a/nexplosion:n1).Whenthebomb______,manypeoplewereseriouslywounded.2).Theunexpected________frightenedthelittlegirl.3).Itmightbepossibletoconvert_____energyintoheat.

Answers:exploded,explosion,explosive

3.density:ndense:asparse;

densely:addensely-populatedsparsely-populated1).The____fogkeptthetravelersfromfindingthecorrectdirection.2).Thebusinessareaofthecityis_____populated.3).Thisliquidhasamuchgreater____thanwater.Answers:dense,densely,density4.shrink:v

1).Asaresultofcarelesswashing,thejackethasshrunktoachild'ssize.2).Thegirlshrinksatthesightofblood.5.measurement:n

measure:n/vmeasurable:a1).Wemusttake_____toprotectourenvironment.2).Wehavecomewithin______distanceofsuccess.3).Clocksgiveusa______oftime.

4).Theretherainfallis______notininchesbutinfeet.Answers:measures,measurable,measurement,measured6.implication:nimply:v7.basis:n

base:nvbasic:abasically:ad,

1).IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmusthaveasolid______.

2).Thefurnitureofoutdormisreally_____:twobeds,twochairsandtables.

3).Thechargesarefalsefortheyarenot______onprovenfacts.

4).Sincenobetterplancanbeworkedout,wehavetoadoptthe____workableone.Answers:basis,basic,based,basically8.observatory:n

observe:vobservation:nobserver:n

9.convincing:aconvince:vconvinced:aconvincesbofsth;convincesbthat1).Hegaveusaconvincingspeech.2).Heconvincedmefhissincerity.

10.operate:voperation:noperator:11.researchinto

SheisresearchingintopossiblecuresforAIDS.12.swallowup:

Manysmallbusinesseshavebeenswallowedupbylargecompanies.13.applytosb/sth/

applytosbforsthapplyAtoBAB1).Youshouldapplywhatyouhavelearnedtoyourwork.2).Iappliedtohimforanewjob.

3).Thestudymethoddoesn'tapplytoeveryone

Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext

1.Well,it'sdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,sincethetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.(p1)

ittoanswerthisquestionsincewewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonterms;inadequate:

2.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspacenotathingintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape---notevenlight.(p1)

intowhichfromwhichintofallfromescape+which

3.Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.(p2)

thatwhentoaparticularpoint

4.Butifthestarisverylarge(muchbiggerthanoursun)thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresults.(p2)

ifsothatI'msotiredthatIcanevensleeponmywayhome.

5.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.(p2)

imagine.andyouifyouimagine,youwillhavesomeidea..+and+=ifHurryupandyoucancatchthelasttrain!

reducedtothesizeofamarblehavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpulltheearth.havesomeideaofsth

6.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.(p3line13--14)

itisthatonlyrecentlyresearchintosth

7.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.(p4)

evidencecomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystemsThemostconvincingevidence.convincing:-ing-edIfeelexcitedafterhearingthesurprisingnews.

8.Matterfromtheonewhichwecanseeisbeingpulledtowardsthecompanionstar.(p4)

matter;isbeingpulledtowardsthecompanionstarfromtheonewhichwecansee

9.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.(p5line4--6)

suggestadvancedmakeuseofsthmakegooduseofmakefulluseof

10.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownand question our most basic experience of apace and time.(p5) which;operatev in a waybe different fromquestion: v

Learnnewwordsandphrases

1.resolve:vresolvearoundsb/sthShespendsallofhertimeresolvingaroundherfamily.Theearthresolvesaroundthesun.2.solar:a

solarenergysolarsystemsolarmonth3.concerned:a

Herjobissomethingconcernedwithcomputer.Heisconcernedabouttheresultoftheexam.4.colored:acolorful:aIlikeorange-coloredcoat.Everybodylikescolorfullife.

5.religion:nreligious:aregion:nregional:a6.circumstance:n

Undernocircumstancescanwewastetime.

7.agreatmany=anumberof=manyagreatdealof+u.nAgreatmanystudentsareabsenttoday.Ihavewastedagreatdealoftime.8.aboveall:

Afterthewar,helongedabovealltoseehiswifeandfamily.9.asarule:

Asarule,Ionlywatchsportsnews.

Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext:

1.Firstofall,letusconsidertheearthasaplanetrevolvingaroundthesun.(p1)

firstofallconsidersthassthlookupsthassth;reviewsthassth;treatsthassth;revolvingaroundthesunaplanet

2.Thesenineplanets,togetherwiththesun,makeupwhatiscalledoursolarsystem.(p1)

Thesenineplanetsmakeupwhatiscalledoursolarsystemtogetherwiththesungrammar---

3.Howthiswonderfulsystemstartedandwhatkeptitworkingwithsuchwonderfulaccuracyislargelyamystery(p1)

Howthiswonderfulsystemstartedandwhatkeptitworkingwithsuchwonderfulaccuracygrammar---

4.Thetotalwaterareaisaboutthreetimesaslargeasthelandarea.(p4)

A+be++as+adj+as+B.e.g.TheAtlanticOceanisonlyhalfasbigasthePacificOcean.

5.Thesecurrentsareimportantbecausetheyaffectedtheclimateofthelandareasclosetowheretheyflowandalsobecausetheycarrylargequantitiesofmicroscopeanimalandvegetablelifewhichformsalargepartofthefoodforfishes.(p5)

becauseclosetowheretheyflowthelandareaslargequantitiesof+c.n/u.n;whichformsalargepartofthefoodforfishesanimalandvegetablelifelife

6.Thecircumstancesunderwhichdifferentpeoplelivemakeadifferencebetweenthewayinwhichtheyliveandthewayinwhichwelive,anditoughttobeourbusinesstotrytounderstandthosedifferentcircumstancessothatwecanbetterunderstandpeopleofotherlands.(p8)

underwhichinwhich+whichThecircumstancesthewaysothatmakeadiference;business

7.Aboveall,weshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirsthavinglearnedagreatdealaboutthemandthekindoflivestheyhavetolive.

Aboveallweshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirstdifferentfromourselvespeople;havinglearneddecidingaboveall;avoiddoing;agreatdeal

8.Itistruetosaythatthemorewelearnaboutotherpeople,thebetterweunder theirideasandasarule,thebetterwelikethosepeoplethemselves.

themorethemorethebetterThelongeryoukeepthiswine,thebetterittastes.ThebusierIam,thehappierIam.Grammar

1

2

3

1manyamorethan+ManyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall.Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition.

2of

Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.

3anumberof+thenumberof+

Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture-books.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis55.

4and

ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers.5breadandbuttersodaandwatercoffeeandmilkaimandendsaltandwaterand

Aknifeandforkisonthetable.

6andeach,everynoNostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtotheparty.

Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveeducation.

7togetherwith,alongwith()aswellas()nolessthan()ratherthan()with,not,like,but,except,besides,includingHeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember.

8who,that,which,I,whoamyourteacher,willteachyoueverythingIknow.

9clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,glovesapairofMytrousersarebeingwashednow.Thereisapairofshoesinthebox.

10Tendollarsisnotenough.

Threemonthshaspassedsinceheleft.

11-icsnews,works()meansMathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn.

Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool.

12TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.

13family,team,group,crowd,class,committeeHisfamilyareallmusiclovers.

14oneof++theonly,thevery,the

Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin.

15who,what,which,all,more,most,any,nonehalf,part,therestHalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope.Halfofthefruitisbad.

16oneandahalf+oneortwo+

Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.ThereareoneortwothingsIdliketoknowabout.

17the+Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.

18notonlybutalso,neithernor,eitheror,notbutor

Notonlyyourfather'sfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking.

19Therebe

Whereisyourmotherandyoungersister?

Thereisapen,twopencilsandfivebooksonthedesk.

20

Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdecidedyet

Learnnewwordsandphrases

1.weaken:vweak:aadj/n+enen+adj/n=v

Shorten,enlarge,enable,enrich,loosen,tightenetc.

2.nationwide:aworldwide:regionwide,etc.3.legal:aillegal,legalize:vTheNetherlandsbecamethefirstcountrytolegalizeeuthanasia.4.ensure:v

1).Thepolicecanensurethewitnessfromdanger.

2).Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.5.oppose:vopposition,opposed1).Whathesaidwastotallyopposedtothefacts.

2).Manypeopleopposebuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.6.tradition:n

traditional:a;traditionally:ad;modern

1)._____Chinesemedicineisbelievedtobeeffectiveformanydiseases.2).It'simportanttokeepupthefine____ofplainlivingandhardwork.3).Christmasis____aholidayforafamilytogettogether.Answers:Traditional,tradition,traditionally7.consideration:n

Consider:vconsiderate:abeconsiderateof;considerable:a

1).Losing30poundschangedherappearance_____.2).Itisvery____ofyoutosendmeabirthdaycard.3).Thematterisreceivingtheserious____ofthemanager.4).Heleftbehindhima____amountofdebt.

Answers:considerably,considerate,consideration,considerable8.disabled:a

able:abeabletodosth;unable:aenable:venablesbtodosth;ability:ndisable:v

1).Aslongastheyarephysically____,theytendtoliveontheirown.2).The_____tobeclearlyheardisextremelyimportantforanyspeaker.3).I'dliketogotothecinema,butI'm_____to.

4).Educationshould____everystudenttodevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysically.5).Acaraccident____himfromplayingfootball.6).Specialcareshouldbegiventothe______.

Answers:able,ability,unable,enable,disabled(v),disabled(a)9.prohibition:nprohibit:vprohibitsbfromdoingsth;

10.sensitive:abesensitivetosb/sth;sensible:abesensibleofsth

1).Iamsensitivetoyourcriticism.

2).It'ssensibleofyoutomakesuchadecision.

Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext

1.Affectedwithaseriousdisease,VanWendelwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.(p2)VanWendel

Affectedwithaseriousdiseasebecausehewasaffectedwithaseriousdisease,.therewasnohopeofrecoverythathisconditionwasrapidlydeterioratingknewbeaffectedwithsth

Allthecowsinthefarmareaffectedwithmad-cowdisease.hopeofrecovery:

2.VanWendel'slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandshowedonTVlastyearintheNetherlands.(p3)

VanWendel

wereVanWendel'slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorfilm

3.Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.(p3)

since:adveachtimedebateonsth

4.However,doctorswhocarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliamenttwoyearsagoareusuallynotprosecuted.(p4)

carryoutunderguidelinesunderintroducedbytheDutchParliamenttwoyearsago

guidelines

5.Shoulddoctorsbeallowedtotakethelivesofothers?(p5)

+be+Inhotdays,flowersmustbewateredeveryday.

6.CicelySaunders,PresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovement,arguesthateuthanasiadoesn'ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.(p8)

C.S

CicelySaundersPresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovementtakesthintoaccount=takesthintoconsiderationwhenjudginghisperformance,don'ttakehisageintoaccount.carefor

7.It'sveryeasyinsocietynowfortheelderly,thedisabledandthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdens,andthereforethattheyoughttooptout.(p8)

ittofeelthattheyareburdens,andthereforethattheyoughttooptouttheelderly,thedisabledandthedependentthe+adjelderlypeople,disabledpeopleanddependentpeoole,Inourcountry,theoldaretakengoodcareofbytheyoung.optoutIthinkI'lloptoutthegame.

8.Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.(p9)

Whatthosepeoplearetellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.Whatthosepeoplearetellingmethatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.whoopposeeuthanasiathosepeople;oppose:vdyingpeoplehavetherighttodosth9.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.(p9)

where;inwhich.1).Thehousewhichheboughtlastyearisverybig.2).Thehousewherehewasbornisveryoldnow.3).Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisverybig.

10.ThefilmshowingCeesVanWendel'sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive;hiswifehadonlyherhusband'sinterestsatheart.(p10)

CVW

showingCeesVanWendel'sdeaththefilm;havesthatheart:Heisselfish,andhehasnothingbuthisowninterestatheart

Learnnewwordsandphrases

1statistics:nkeepstatistics;statistical:astatistician:n

2.diplomat:n

diplomacy:ndiplomatic:adiploma:3.exploit:v

exploitable:aexploited:aexploitation:n

1).Theworkersincapitalistcountriesarecruellyexploitedbythecapitalists.2).Therearelawsagainsttheexploitationofchildlabor.

3).Hishighlyexploitabletalentcan'tcreatewealthforsocietyifhedoesn'tmakegreatefforts.

4.abuse:v/n:abuseone'sauthority5.execute:v

executive:anCEO=chiefexecutiveofficerexecution:n

1).Youshouldn'tbeslowinthe_____ofyourduties.

2).Thesoldiers____thecaptain'sordersassoonastheyreceivedthecall.

3).Afterthediscussionofthe____committee,thelaborlawwasputintoforceinmay,1994.

Answers:execution,executed,executive

6.guilt:nguilty:aguiltless:a7.employee:n

employ:vemployment:nemployed:aunemployed:aemployer:n

1).Thepolice______forcetobreakupthecrowd.2).Many____werethrownoutofjobasaresult.

3).Businessactivitiesweregreatlyreducedandalmost60%oftheworkerswereoutof______.4).DuringtheDepression,manyworkerswere______.Answers:employed,employees,employment,unemployed

8.immigrant:animmigrate:vimmigration:n

1).Duringthegoldrush,Californiaattractedmanyimmigrantsfromotherstates.2).ManyItaliansimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesandCanada.

3).Inthe1980s,alawagainsttheimmigrationofAsianpeopleswasputintopractice.9.deport:v

port:import:export:airport:passport:10.bedeservingof

Hiseffortsarecertainlydeservingofpraise.

NewwordsfromtextB

11.deny:vdoing.Hedeniedlyingtous.

12.ineffective:aeffective.13.watchover:

Theyusespeciallytraineddogstowatchovertheirsheepatnight.14.inunison:

TheysangHappyBirthdaytomeinunison.15.payback:

1).Ifyoulendme50Yuan,IwillpayyoubackonFriday.2).I'llpayhimbackforthetrickheplayedonme.Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext:

1.Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain(p1)

20000

therebebe

1).Therearealotofpeopleinthemeetingroom.2).Therewillbeameetingtomorrow.

3).Thereusedtobeachurchatthecornerofthestreet.4).Therehappenedtobeanoldfriendofmineinthehotel.5).Thereissuretoraintomorrow.6).Therestandsabanknexttomyschool.

workinginBritaindomesticservants

2.Ofthese20000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers,accordingtoaLondon-basedcampaigninggroupwhichhelpsoverseasservantsworkinginBritain.(p1)

200002000

Ofthese20000under2000arebeingexploitedandabusedunder---based

3.Andtheycanhavetheirpassportsremoved,makingleavingorescapingvirtuallyimpossible.(p2)

havetheirpassportsremovedVOChavesthdoneLastweekIhavemycomputerrepaired.

makingleavingorescapingvirtuallyimpossibleleavingorescapingmakingvirtuallyalmost.

4.Inoneofthem,aFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsfromvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.(p3)

wasexecutedafterbeingconvictedofmurderbeingconvictedsbisconvictedofsthShehastwicebeenconvictedoffraud.()

despiteProteststhatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablishedProtestsProtestsfromvariousquarters=fromvariousplaces.

5.Iwassupposedtobepaid120butIneverreceivedthatamount.(p4)120

besupposedtodosthYouaresupposedtogetthereasearlyaspossible.

bepaid

Heispaid1000yuanforfinishingsuchatask.

6.Attheendof1994,theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasurestohelpprotectdomesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployers.(p7)

1994

Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasurestohelpprotectdomesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployersprotectsbfromsthEachparentshouldprotecttheirchildfromTVviolence.7.Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.(p8)

docomplain:itis/wasthat/whodo,does,did.Forexample:

1).Idoloveyou!

2).Hedoesstudyveryhard.

3).IdidmeetBillGateslastweek.

8.Allowingdomesticworkersthefreedomtoseekthesametypeofworkbutwithadifferentemployer,iftheysochoose,iswhatgroupslikeAnti-SlaveryInternationalarecampaigningtheGovernmentfor.(p9)

Allowingdomesticworkersthefreedomtoseekthesametypeofworkbutwithadifferentemployertoseekthesametypeofworkbutwithadifferentemployerthefreedomis,whatgroupslikeAnti-SlaveryInternationalarecampaigningtheGovernmentforiftheysochoose

9.Itis,theysay,therighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.(p9)

itistherighttochangeemployers.theysaydistinguishAfromBAB

Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishonefromtheother.|

Keywordsandphrases

1.musician:nmusic:nmusical:amusically:advPleasedotheexercises:

1).The____oftheBeatlesbecameverysuccessfulandfamousduringthe1960s.2).AlthoughhewasborninAmerica,hecouldplaymanyChinese____instruments.3).Folkmusic,thebluesandrock'n'rollremained_____andculturallydistinctinthe1960s.

4).BobDylan,afamousfolk____inAmerica,wasbestknownforhisanti-warsong.Answers:music,musical,musically,musician

2.consciousness:nconscious:a=awareunconscious=unaware;consciously,unconsciouslybeaware/unawareofsth;beaware/unawarethat.

1).Iwas____thatIhadmadeamistake.

2).____didnotreturntotheinjuredmanfortwohours.

3).Whenapersonimmigratestoanewcountry,heshould______adapthimselftothenewenvironment.

Answers:conscious,consciousness,consciously

3.originate:v,origin:noriginal:anoriginality:n1).Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanynewreforms.2).Iwondertheoriginsoflifeontheearth.

3).TheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofNorthAmerica.4).Thequarreloriginatedinconflictsbetweenthetwofamilies.5).Herdesignisofgreatoriginality.

4.imitator:nimitate:vimitation:n

5.limitless:alimit:nvlimitedalimitation:n

1).Hisknowledgeaboutinsuranceisrather______.2).Hisenergyseemstohaveno____.3).Awisemanknowshis____.

4).Infrontofthe____ocean,hefoundhewasratherinsignificant.Answers:limited,limits,limitation,limitless.

6.penetrating:apenetrate;penetration

7.participant:nparticipate:v,participation:nparticipateinsth.8.takeover:

Whenheretired,hissontookoverbusinessfromhim.9.takeon:1).Hehastakenonanewjob.

2).Theemployertakesontwentymoreworkers.TextB:

10).composer:ncomposecomposition11).inspire:vinspiration:nGeniusis1%ofinspirationand99%ofhardwork.

12.invariably:advariable:avariety:nvary:vvarious:a

13.sake:nforthesakeofsth

Thecompanyhasdecidedforeconomy'ssaketoclosedownthisdepartment.14.harmony:nharmonize:vharmonious:a15.inasense:Inasense,youareright.

16.itgoeswithoutsayingthat

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyouwillbepaidfortheovertimework.Analyzethedifficultsentences:

1.Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence(p1)

inexistenceoutof=from.

2.Thethreeformsremainedmusicallyandculturallydistinct,andevenaslateas1965,noneofthemwereexpressinganyradicallynewstatesofconsciousness.(p1)

1965

Thethreeformsremaineddistinct.musicallyandculturallydistinctaslateas1965nonenewstatesofconsciousnessRadicallynew.

3.Whathappened,aswellasitcanbeputintowords,wasthis.(p2)

Whathappenedwasthisaswellasasasputinyowords:

4.Theyfreelytookoverelementsfromjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic,andastimewentonfromevenmorediversesources.(p2)

takeoversthfromsthastimewentonastimegoeson,ourvocabularyisenlarginggradually.Diverse:avarious.NewYorkisaveryculturallydiversecity.

5.Whatdevelopedwasamusicreadilytakingonvariousformsandcapableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpression.(p2)

Whatdevelopedreadilytakingonvariousformsandcapableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpressionmusic.takeonbecapableofdoingsth

6.Electronicsdid,infact,makepossiblesoundsthatnoinstrumentuptothattimecouldproduce.(p3)

didmakepossiblesounds

7.Electronicamplifiersalsomadepossibleafantasticincreaseinvolume,themusicbecomingasloudandpenetratingasthehumanearcouldstand,andtherebyachievingatotaleffect,sothatinsteadofanaudienceofpassivelisteners,therewerenowaudiencesoftotalparticipants,feelingthemusicinalloftheirsensesandalloftheirbones.(p3)

Electronicamplifiersalsomadepossibleafantasticincreaseinvolumethemusicbecomingsothatfeeling

8.Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbestastheycould,andheightenedthewholeexperiencebyusingdrugs.(p4)

Withrecordsathomeimitatedheightenedasbestasonecould,IsearIwillteachhimalessonasbestasIcould.

Keywordsandphrases

1.efficiency:nefficient:ainefficient:ainefficiency:n;effective:a

1).Hehasdonemuchtoincreasethe____ofEnglishteaching.2).Sheisvery_____inreducingwaste.3).His____studymethodcausedhisfailure.

4).Thecitygovernmenttooksome_____measurestoreduceunemployment.Answers:efficiency,efficient;inefficient,effective2.increasingly:ad

increasev;increasing:a;decrease:v

1).Drinkingandsmokingamongyoungpeople_____toanalarmingextent.2).Thetruthisbecoming______apparent.

3).The____friendlyrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesstrengthentheculturalexchangesbetweenthem.

3.prevalent:a=popular

4.calculator:ncalculate:vcalculation:n;calculating:a

5.expose:vexposure:n;exposesbtosth

6.completion:n

complete:vacompleteness:nincomplete:a1).He____deniedtheexistenceofgod.2).Hehasnever____aprojectontime.

3).Moneywillbepaidhalfinadvanceandhalfon_______.

4).Whenwillthenewrailway________?

7.intensity:n

intense=strong:a,intensive:aintensify:vintension:n

1).Weshould____thestruggleforpeace.

2).Therearefewstrongsituationsormomentsofdramatic______.3).Theyhavebeenreceivingafour-day____trainingcourse.4).Theykeptworkinginthe____heat.

Answers:intensify,intensity,intensive,intense

8. defective:adefect:n

9. assemble:vassembly:n

10. exposesth/sbtosth:

1) .Peopleoftenexposetheirskintothesuninsummer.2).Iwon'texposemysoldierstosuchunnecessaryrisks.

11.inthat:

1).Ilikethecountrybetterinthatitisclosertonature.

12.inquestion:()Weknownothingabouttheplaninquestion.

Analyzethedifficultsentences

1.Mostoftoday'srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.(p2)

whereintheautomotiveindustryemploy:vuse;program:vtakeover:Doyouwantmetotakeoverthedrivingifyouaretired?such...asweldingandspraypainting

2.Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.(p3)

alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefieldtobeseenalthoughtoalesserdegreetoalesserdegreetoalargerdegree.

3.Therobotsusedinnuclearpantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.(p3)

Therobotshandletheradioactivematerialsusedinnuclearpantshandletheradioactivematerialspreventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiationbeingexposedtopreventsbfromdoing

4.Robotsdifferformautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.(p4)

inthat,because,

Menaredifferentfromotheranimalsinthattheformercancreateandusetoolswhilethelattercannot.

5.Itisnotyetknownwhetherrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.(p5)

whetheritasgoodashumanvisionvision;

6.Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofmetalhandsandfingers,givingrobotsasenseoftouch.(p6)

-ingworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentinggivingrobotsasenseoftouchexperimentwithsth

7.Thesefuturerobots,assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions,willhaveplentyofworktodo.(p7)

Thesefuturerobotswillhaveplentyofworktodoassembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisionstoseeandmakedecisionstheability.beassembledwithsth=beequippedwthsthasenseoftouchasenseofsight/hearing/smell/taste:asenseofhumor/direction:/makedecisionsplentyofsth

8.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.(p7)

wantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefutureanyone.knowaboutsth

if,whether,that

it

1.Itit

Ititthatwho/whom

1).Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.2).Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.3).Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.4).ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.

itItissaidthat...Itisreportedthat...

Itiswellknownthat...Itisannouncedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itisthoughtthat...

Itisunderstoodthat...Itmustbepointedoutthat...Itmustbeadmittedthat...2.

Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.3.1thatwhat

thatwhatwhatthatWhathewantsisabook.

Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.2ifwhether

ifwhether

Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3

who,which,when,where,why,how

Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.

Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.

1.thatShesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.

Theteachertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.

Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.

2.

1)think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagineIdon'tthinkIknowyou.Idon'tbelievehewillcome.hope,Ihopeyouweren'till.2)seem,appear

Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.

Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.

be,look,remain,seemthatthereasonisthatItisbecause

1)thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.

4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus..

1.

that

1)Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2

(1)thatthat

(2)

1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.thatthat

2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.thatKeywordsandphrases

1.warning:nwarn:vwarnsbnottodosth;givesbawarning2.shift:v/n

1).Therehasbeenashiftinfashionfromformaltomoreinformaldress.2).Thewindshiftedfromeasttonorth.

3).Sheworksthedayshiftandherhusbandworksthenightshift.

3.speculate:vspeculateon/upon/aboutsth,speculation:n,speculator:n4.datum:ndata;bacterium:bacteria;medium,media.

5.reliability:nreliable:aunreliable:a6.partial:abepartialtosb.

7.up-to-date:aoutofdate:todate:1).Willlongdressgooutofdatenextyear?

2).Todate,wehavenotreceivedanyrepliesfromhim.3).Shealwayswearsclothesthatarerightuptodate.8.analyze:vanalysis:nanalyses.9.workon:

1).Thescientisthasbeenworkingonenvironmentalprotectionformanyyears.

2).Thesufferingsofthepoorworkedonourfeelingssomuchthatwegavethemallthehelpwecould.

10.setsthup:

1).Astatuewassetupinthecenterofthecity.

2).Manycountriesagreedtosetupaninternationalorganizationtokeeppeace.3).Einsteinsetupmanyimportanttheories.Analyzethedifficultsentences:

1.Scientistsareworkingonprogramtopredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccur.(P1)

Scientistsareworkingonprogramtopredictwhereandwhenanearthquakewilloccurprogram.whereandwhenanearthquakewilloccurpredictworkon:Thesufferingsofthepoorworkedonourfeelingssomuchthatwegavethemallthehelpwecould.

2.Theyhopetodevelopanearlywarningsystemthatcanbeusedtoforecastearthquakessothatlivingcanbesaved.(P1)

thatanearlywarningsystemsothat

3.TwoofthebiggestearthquakesthatwereeverrecordedtookplaceinChinaandAlaska.(P2)

Twoofthebiggestearthquakestookplacethebiggest;thatwereeverrecordedwererecordedtakeplace

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinBeijinginrecentyears.

4.ThenationsthatareactivelyinvolvedinearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,..(P4)

beinvolvedinsthbeactivelyinvolvedinsthAllthecountriesintheworldshouldbeactivelyinvolvedinprotectingtheenvironment.5.Thesenetworksareonthealertforwarningsignsthatshowtheweakeningofrocklayersthatcanprecedeanearthquake.(P4)

Thesenetworksareonthealertforwarningsignsthatwarningsignstheweakeningofrocklayersonthealert:

Passengersonbusesshouldbeonthealertagainstpick-pockets.

6.Theywatchforchangesinthewaterlevelandtemperaturethatareassociatedwithmovementalongfaults.(P4)

watchforbeassociatedwith

7.Everyoneagreesthatearthquakescannotbepredictedwithanyreliability.(P6)

thatcannotbewithanyreliability

8.Whilethisisasmallstart,itisstillabeginning.(p6)

whilewhile

1).WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetanE.T.

2).IlikewatchingTVwhilemyhusbandlikesplayingchessinthesparetime.3).Whilehehastriesseveraltimes,hestillfailsagain.

Grammar:

,

.

1)here,there,now,then,thus,be,come,go,lie,runTheregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.

2)InthefrontoftheclassroomstandsourEnglishteacher.

Aheadsatanoldwoman.

Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.

do,doesdid

1)no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil

NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.

Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.

Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.NotuntilIhaveneverseensuchaperformance.

Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.

1)Whycan'tIsmokehere?Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit

A.no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntilSmokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.

2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknow

D.NotuntilCD

Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.not,

Notonlybutalso,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan

1).Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.2).Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.3).Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.so,neither,nor

''''TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.

---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idon'tknow,_____.

A.nordon'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealsoB.nor''Adon'tCneitherD

so''TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.---It'sraininghard.---Soitis.only

OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.

Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.

Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.as,though

as/though,,,1)2),,

Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.

:thoughalthoughbutthoughyet

1)sothatso

Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)Mayyouallbehappy.

3)were,had,shouldifwere,had,shouldWereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.

1Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatisA.mandidknowB.manknewC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknowD.Not2NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.

A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealizeD.IrealizeB

3)DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idon'tknow,___.

A.nordon'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealsoB.nor''so,neither,nor,so,neither,nor

(1)