中兴通讯技术 ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL - zte.com.cn€¦ · d:\mag\2011-04-97/vol17\cover23.vft——1pps/p 中兴通讯2011年第1季度 pct专利申请量居全球企业首位

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ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN

201184www.zte.com.cn/magazine

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TECHNOLOGY

J OURNAL

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ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNALZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

1

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20111 PCT

LTE

2011 7 4

LTE ZXSDR BS8920

LTE

30%

30% LTE

TCO

LTE

LTE

BS8920 LTE

eNodeBRRU

LTE

LTE

LTE

LTE

2011 4 18 LTE

70

(WIPO)

2011 1

974 (PCT)

559 2011

1 PCT 5

2010 1 863

2011 1 2010

2011 PCT

2011

10%

4 200

2010

1.1

3.5

7 000

LTE

2010 107

LTE7%

2

D:\MAG\2011-04-97/VOL17\COVER23.VFT1PPS/P

CDMA/LTE4T4R

2011 6 17 Frost

& Sullivan IPTV

2011 2011 IPTV

IPTV

3 IPTV

Frost &

Sullivan ICT Jayesh Easwaramony

IPTV Frost & Sullivan

11% IPTV

IPTV

TCO

IPTV

OTT

IPTV

5 000 000

9 000 000 33

IPTV

IPTV IPTV

4

2011 6 16

CDMA/LTE 4T4R4 4

(MIMO) 22 44

MIMO

SDR CDMA 2000 1XEV-DO

LTE CDMA LTE

CDMA&LTE

CDMA LTE

CDMA-LTE

CDMA-LTE

Uni-RAN CDMA LTE

CDMA&LTE

18

LTE70CDMA

5 2011 1

CDMA 31 32.5%

CDMA

Frost & Sullivan 2011IPTV

3

D:\MAG\2011-06-98/VOL17\EDITOR.VFT1PPS/P

| | |

1998

20062020

2010

20105

863

(1)

(NGB)

(2)

(3) 100 Mbit/s

(4)

(5)

863

201116

1

P

3

4

5

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4

D:\MAG\2011-06-98/VOL16\CONTENT.VFT1PPS/P

ZHONGXINGTONGXUNJISHU

1995 9920118 174

Paul Sleswick

450

230041

www.zte.com.cn/magazine

www.zte.com.cn/paper

magazinezte.com.cn

(0551)5533356

(0551)5850139

2011810

0058

10.0060.00

ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN

CN 34-1228/TN1995b1664zhP10.0015000142011-08

:

01

04

07

10

14

19

23

29

33

37

43 LTE-AdvancedQoS

48 Wi-Fi

52 1588v2

58 (1)

ZXR1O T8000 100G (57) (62)

|

|

ISSN 1009-6868CN 34-1228/TN

201184www.zte.com.cn/magazine

ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNALZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

5

D:\MAG\2011-06-98/VOL16\CONTENT.VFT1PPS/P

ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.17 No.4 Aug. 2011

(

Contents

Operational Application

Lecture Series

Expert View

Development Field

Special Topic: Technology and Business of Tri-Network Convergence

Research Paper

01 Development Course and Targets for Tri-Network Convergence WU Jiangxing

04 Development of Telecommunication Technology and Networksin Tri-Network Convergence ZHAO Huiling, HAN Suchuan, HUO Xiaoli

07 Trialing and Industrializing Tri-Network Convergence Usinga Large-Scale National Testbed LU Xiaoyuan, LI Yi

10 Development of Optical Transport Network Technologyfor Tri-Network Convergence ZHANG Haiyi, JIN Yaohui, ZHANG Jie

14 Next-Generation Broadcast Network Wireless Systems FENG Songlin, XIE Wei

19 Integration and Broadcasting Platform and Technologiesin Tri-Network Convergence ZHANG Shile, LU Wei, LU Baofeng

23 Common Security and Control Frameworkin Tri-Network Convergence LI Yufeng, LAN Julong, XUE Xiangyang

29 Cooperative Wireless Technologies in Tri-Network Convergence XU Ling, FANG Huiying

33 Business Models and Future Development Strategyof Tri-Network Convergence ZHOU Qi

37 Distributed Cache of Cloud Computing Technology and Its Applicationin the Internet of Things GAO Hong, DONG Zhenjiang

43 Study of the Mapping of QoS Parameters in LTE-A Systems KONG Xiangyi, ZHAO Jihong

48 A New Option for Broadband Wireless Network: Wi-Fi Offload WEI Yuan

52 Standardization of 1588v2 for Applicationin Telecommunication Networks SU Fei, HE Li, LI Zhengqi

58 OFDM Technology and its Applicationin Optical Fiber Communication (1) CHEN Zhangyuan, LI Juhao, YANG Chuanchuan

6

D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\F2.VFT4PPS/P

Development Course and Targets for Tri-Network ConvergenceDevelopment Course and Targets for Tri-Network Convergence

/WU Jiangxing(

450002)(National Digital Switching System Engineering& Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou

450002, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0001-03

This paper analyzes the significance of tri-network convergence in China

and discusses some development trends, features, and goals of tri-network

convergence. This paper suggests that tri-network convergence is not just a simple

convergence of telecommunications networks, cable TV, and the Internetits ultimate

goal is to meet increasing service requirements. With the support of a new service

module, network resources can be integrated into a converged network, coverage can

be improved, power consumption can be significantly reduced; and fast, convenient,

and green broadband information services can be provided. This greatly improves the

overall level of the information industry.

tri-network convergence; next generation network; network

transformation

Keywords:

Abstract:

1

21 2007

20 50

01Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

7


1961

5

(/)

2

2.1

IT

--

-

[1]

2.2

20 90

1997 4

(20062020 )

2010 1 13

2012 2015

2.3

(3TNet)

4

/

3TNet

()

3TNet

(ACR)

3TNet 2008 12

3TNet

3 863

02 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


8


2.4

(ICT)

(ITU)

[2] 22%

50%

1993 NII (

)

1996

2010

3

[3]

1994

CATV

2002

2008

(FP7)

ICT

2001 1 13 IT

2009 7

i-Japan 2015[4]

3

10

(1)

2015

(2)

(20102012 )

18

03Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


9


Development of Telecommunication Technology and NetworksDevelopment of Telecommunication Technology and Networks

in Tri-Network Convergencein Tri-Network Convergence

/ZHAO Huiling/HAN Suchuan

/HUO Xiaoli(

100035)(China Telecom Corporation Limited BeijingResearch Institute, Beijing 100035, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0004-03

Wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) systems based on IEEE

802.11.p will be the infrastructure for intelligent transportation system applications that

improve transport safety, efficiency, and convenience. This paper discusses the

background, technical challenges, and broader impacts of WAVE systems and reports

on recent activities at the Center for Vehicular Communications and Networks at the

University of Michigan-Dearborn. These activities include research into a WAVE

prototype based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and research into a vehicular

network simulator.

tri-network convergence; telecommunication network; service network;

network architecture

Keywords:

Abstract:

04 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


2010 1 13

[1-4]

1

1.1

(1)

(EPON)

(GPON)

10G

EPON10G GPON

10G EPON

10G

GPON

PON

(FTTH)

FTTH

10


05Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


(PON)(VDSL)

LTE

Wi-Fi3GLTE

CDMA Wi-Fi

C+W LTE Wi-Fi

(2)

40G

100G

IEEE

2010 6 18

40GE 100GE IEEE

802.3ba-2010

100GE

ITU-T

SG15 100GE (OTN)

100G OTN

(OIF) 100G

(WDM)

80

100G WDM

100G

IP

1.2

FTTH

FTTX

IP

(1)

(QoS)

(QoE)

QoE

QoS

QoE

/ QoS

(Diffserv+)

QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

IP

(QoS

)

(2)

11


P2P

IP DPI

NETStream

PPPOEAAA

DPI

(BRAS)

(SR)

P2P

2

2.1

IPTV

P2P

(1)

(CDN)

(2)CDNP2P

/ CDN

CDN

(3)

SVC

2.2

(1)

/

Flash

(2)

(3)

(

)

GPU

3

4

06 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


1001212147

ASON WDMOTN101

[1] 100G ultra long haul DWDM frameworkdocument [R]. OIF(Optical InternetworkingForum), 2009.

[2] Rich Communication Suite (RCS), Release 2Functional Description v1.1 [S]. GSMAssociation, 2010.

[3] Rich Communication Suite (RCS), Release 2Technical Realization v0.5 [S]. GSMAssociation, 2009.

[4] IEEE std 802.3av-2009. Physical layerspecifications, Amendment 1: Physical layerspecifications and management parametersfor 10Gb/s passive optical networks [S]. 2009.

2011-04-25

12


Trialing and Industrializing TriTrialing and Industrializing Tri-Network Convergence Using a-Network Convergence Using aLarge-ScaleLarge-Scale National TestbedNational Testbed

/LU Xiaoyuan/LI Yi

( 200336)

(National Engineering Research Center forBroadband Networks & Applications, Shanghai

200336, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0007-03

20 100

The Next Generation Network and National Service Testbed is a typical

network innovation platform in China. It is the worlds largest network and service

testbed. At the end of the Eleventh Five-Year program, this national testbed now

covers one million users in 20 cities across China. It can be used to reform the

networks of institutions, test new networking technologies, verify new network

equipment, and demonstrate emerging services. It also acts as a long-term trial

platform on a national scale, providing services to content providers, network

operators, equipment providers, and other broadband network industries. The platform

leads Chinas broadband network industry. This article briefly addresses the function

and structure of the testbed as well as issues in trialing and industrializing tri-network

convergence.

national testbed; tri-network convergence; scale trial; industrialization

Keywords:

Abstract:

1

IP

[1]

GENI FIRE

JGNI[2-3]

(3TNet)

863

(SNG

Testbed) 3

1

(NGB)

1.1

IP[4]

5

()

1.2

(863)(2009AA01A333)

07Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


13


10

30 Mbit/s

1.3 NGB

3TNet

3TNet

NGB

NGB

100

19

2

2.1

(NGI)

IP

Clean Slate

863

NGI

IP 3

3

2.2

863

(3TNet)

IP

(FTTH)

(1) IP

3Tnet

2 3 2006 11 18

8 000

2

3T

38 000

NBA

3TNet

IPTV

1

08 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


14


IP

IPTV

(2)FTTH

1 500

FTTH

FTTH

3TNet FTTH

3 IP

2.3

3TNet

(1) 3TNet

(2) 3Tnet

IP

(3)

4E

2008

3TNet

(NGB)

50

50NGB

450

10 1.6

NGB

3

4

23TNet

38 0003TNet

15:20:1615:17:1615:14:1615:11:1615:08:1615:05:16

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

09:56:2109:53:2109:50:2109:47:2109:44:2109:41:21

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

4311 1 2

La Trobe 105

[1] PETERSON L, ANDERSON T, BLUMENTHALD, et al. GENI design principles [J].Computer, 2006,39(9):102-105.

[2] CHERRY S. A telecom diet rich in fiber [J].IEEE Spectrum, 2009,46(7):56.

[3] FELDMANN A. Internet clean-slate design:What and why? [J]. ACM SIGCOMMComputer Communication Review, 2007,37(3):59-64.

[4] KOBAYASHI K, KATSUNO S, NAKAMURA K,et al. JGN IPv6 network [C]//Proceedings ofthe International Symposium on Applicationsand the Internet Workshops(SAINT03),Jan27-31,2003, Orlando, FL, USA. LosAlamitos, CA,USA: IEEE Computer Society,2003: 161-166.

2011-05-04

09Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


15


Development of Optical Transport Network Technology for Tri-Network ConvergenceDevelopment of Optical Transport Network Technology for Tri-Network Convergence

/ZHANG Haiyi 1

/JIN Yaohui 2

/ZHANG Jie 3(1.

1001912. 2000303. 100876)

(1. China Academy of TelecommunicationResearch of MIIT, Beijing 100191, China;

2. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, China;

3. Beijing University of Posts andTelecommunications, Beijing 100876, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0010-04

(OTN)

(PTN) 100G

Converging networks raises the requirements for flattened architecture as

well as increased transparency and capacity. Flexible high-capacity scheduling is also

needed in the transport network. The transport network is the basic bearing network

and should be safe, flexible, broadband, and capable of transmitting over long

distances. The transport network in optical transport networks (OTNs), packet transport

networks (PTNs), and in 100G technology is preparing the way for better convergence

and the development of the transport network.

tri-network convergence; transmission; optical transport network;

packet transport network

Keywords:

Abstract:

10 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


IP

IPTV

[1-3]

1

(973)(2010CB3282002010CB328201)

16


11Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


2011

35 10

100 Mbit/s

20 Mbit/s

2011

(FTTH

100 Mbit/s )3 000

34 000

( ) 8

Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s

70%

20 Mbit/s 80%

2013 ()

20 Mbit/s

8 000

1

20 Mbit/s

100 Mbit/s

1

+1 ++

512 kbit/s4 Mbit/s 23

+2

++

820 Mbit/s

+2

+++

50100 Mbit/s

Web

2

(1) IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

(OTN)

(OAM)

50 ms (PTN)

OAM

(2)

40 Gbit/s

(WDM)

100 Gbit/s WDM

(3)

SDH VC

WDM

PTN

(WSON)

PTN

1

()

100 kbit/s5 Mbit/s

100 kbit/s

100 kbit/s

100 kbit/s

500 kbit/s

500 kbit/s

100 kbit/s1 Mbit/s

210 Mbit/s

23 Mbit/s

810 Mbit/s

100 kbit/s

500 kbit/s

500 kbit/s

100 kbit/s8 Mbit/s

1

13

12

1

1

1-2

13

100 kbit/s5 Mbit/s

100300 kbit/s

100200 kbit/s

100 kbit/s

500 kbit/s

500 kbit/s1 Mbit/s

100 kbit/s3 Mbit/s

210 Mbit/s

29 Mbit/s

820 Mbit/s

100 kbit/s

500 kbit/s

500 kbit/s1 Mbit/s

100 kbit/s24 Mbit/s

17


12 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

PTN

3 OTNPTN

3.1

(OTN)

SDH

OAM&P

WDM

WDM

OTN

( ODU1

2.5 Gbit/s)

OAM

(TCM)

(FEC)

OTN 10

OTN OTN

ODUk

OTN

(ROADM)

OTN

SDH

(ODU0

ODU4)

SDH WDM

ROADM

(OEO)

10 Gbit/s

40 Gbit/s

OTN

OTN

ROADM

16

OTN

ODUk

OTN

OTU5

3.2

PTN

T-MPLS/MPLS-TP

PBB-TEPBB

MPLS-TP PTN

PTN

(MPLS-TP)

IP

(MPLS)

(

PHPLSP

(LSP Merge)(ECMP)

)

OAM

PTN

(1)

TDM/ATM

(2)

/

(P2P)(P2MP)

(3) QoSTDM/ATM

QoS

(4)

OAM

(5) (TCO)

T-MPLS ITU-T

2005 5 2007

T-MPLS

G.8110.1T-MPLS G.8112

T-MPLS G.8121T-MPLS

G.8131 G.8132

T-MPLS OAM G.8114

2007 IETF MPLS

2008 2 ITU-T

IETF (JWT)

T-MPLS MPLS

IETF

MPLS-TP

OAM

2011 12

3G

3G IP

PTN

PTN

(PTN)


18


13Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

PTN

PTN

PTN

PTN

20

3.3

40 Gbit/s POS

40 Gbit/s

2010

40 Gbit/s WDM

40 Gbit/s WDM

100GE

100 Gbit/s

100G IEEE

ITU-T(OIF)

IEEE

100G

100GE

2010 6 17 100GE

103.125 Gbit/s

1010 Gbit/s

7 m

100 m425 Gbit/s

10 km 40 km

OTU4

111 809 973.568 kbit/sODU4

104 794 445.815 kbit/s

100GE OTN

(FEC)

OIF

IEEE

DP-QPSK 100 Gbit/s

ITU-T

100 Gbit/s

-( ) (PDM-(D)

QPSK)

(OFDM)

(DSP)

100 Gbit/s

PDM-QPSK

(ADC) DSP

100 Gbit/s

100 Gbit/s

WDM

(OSNR)

100 Gbit/s

40 Gbit/s OSNR

4 dB

OSNR

OSNR

12 dB OSNR

100 Gbit/s WDM 1 000 km

FEC

OSNR

4

5


[1] , . [J]. , 2011,13(1): 15-18.

[2] . 100G [N]. , 2010,10.

[3] , . PTN [J]. , 2010,16(3):1-4.

2011-05-25

OTNPTNWDM SDH MSTP30

11

Internet 1010010

1

APOC2007PS2009 ACP2009/2010/2011OECC2009ONDM2010 TPC101006

121

19


Next-Generation Broadcast Network Wireless SystemsNext-Generation Broadcast Network Wireless Systems

/FENG Songlin/XIE Wei

(1. 201203

2. 100045)

(1. Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of Science, Shanghai

201203, China;2. Television Technology Research Institute,Academy of Broadcasting Science, Beijing

100045, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0014-05

(NGB-W)

NGB-W

NGB-W(UHF)

This paper proposes two network architectures in which broadcast and

bidirectional communications are converged. These architectures are based on the

next-generation broadcast wireless network (NGB-W). This paper discusses the

application prospects of NGB-W and key technologies such as downlink broadcast

transmission, data push of converged broadcast and communications, bidirectional

wireless access, and spectrum sensing. It suggests that by using a converged

broadcast and bidirectional communication network, the NGB-W system can make

better use of ultrahigh frequency (UHF) spectrum resources, distribute network and

spectrum resources more efficiently, choose suitable transmission schemes for

various services, and improve efficiency in wireless spectrum use.

next-generation broadcast (NGB) network; NGB-wireless (NGB-W);

broadcast and communication convergence; network architecture; push service

Keywords:

Abstract:

14 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


(2009ZX03005-004)

2011

2015

92%

2015

26 [1]

[2-5]

[6-8]

2008

12

20


15Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


(CMMB) [9]

4

(NGB)

2015

(UHF)

(NGB-W)

1 NGB-W

NGB-W

(CMMB)

NGB-W UHF

B3G/4G

NGB-W

NGB-W

( CMMB DVB

) ( LTE eMBMS

)

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

2 NGB-W NGB NGB

NGB

NGB

NGBNGB

(NGB-C) NGB

NGB-C

NGB-W

NGB

NGB-W NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-C

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB NGB-W

NGB-W

2.1

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W NGB

1

NGB-W

NGB-C NGB-W

1 NGB-W

NGB-C

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

21


16 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

2.2

NGB-W

NGB-W

2

NGB-W

3 NGB-W NGB-W

NGB-W

/

3.1 NGB-W

NGB-W

CMMB

DVB-T2

DVB-NGH

(1)

NGB-W

/

NGB-W

NGB-W

(LDPC) Turbo

[10]

(2)

NGB-W

NGB-W

(MIMO)

MIMO

MIMO (

) MIMO

(

) MIMO

MIMO MIMO

MIMO (

STBC)

MIMO

NGB-W

MIMO

(3)

NGB-W

[11]

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W


2 NGB-W

NGB-CNGB-W

NGB-CNGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

22


17Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

3.2 /

NGB-W

()

()

3

NGB-W

([12] )

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W(

)

3.3

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

(1)

NGB-W

NGB-W

/-(OFDMA/

SC-FDMA)

NGB-W

NGB-W

(2)

NGB-W

(

LDPC )

(3)

NGB-W UHF

NGB-W

2 GHz

(4)

NGB-W UHF

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB

3.4

NGB-W

[13]NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB-W

4 NGB-WNGB-W

VoIP

5


23


18 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


NGB-W

NGB-W

NGB

NGB-W

6 [1] Cisco visual networking index: Global mobile

data traffic forecast update, 2010-2015 [R].Cisco Systemc Inc, 2011.

[2] ETSI EN 302 755 V1.1.1. Digital videobroadcasting (DVB): Frame structure channelcoding and modulation for a secondgeneration digital terrestrial televisionbroadcasting system (DVB-T2) [S]. 2009.

[3] ETSI EN 300 744 V1.6.1. Digital videobroadcasting (DVB): Frame structure, channelcoding and modulation for digital terrestrialtelevision [S]. 2009.

[4] 3GPP LTE Release 10 and beyond [R]. to bereleased.

[5] IEEE P802.16m/D8. IEEE draft amendmentstandard for local and metropolitan areanetworks - Part 16: Air interface for fixedand mobile broadband wireless accesssystems - advanced air interface [S]. 2010.

[6] ROADiBROM (roadmapping digitalbroadcasting / mobile convergence RTD2015) [R/OL]. [2009-11-23]. http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PROJ_ICT&ACTION=D&CAT=PROJ&RCN=80515.

[7] ETSI TS 102 468 V1.1.1. Digital videobroadcasting (DVB): IP datacast over DVB-H:Set of specifications for phase 1 [S]. 2007.

[8] 3GPP TS 26.346 V10.0.0. Multimediabroadcast/multicast service(MBMS):protocols and codecs:(Release 10) [S]. 2011.

[9] GY/T 220. [S]. 2006.[10] NOUR C A, DOUILLARD C. Improving BICM

performance of QAM constellations forbroadcasting applications [C]//Proceedingsof the 5th International Symposium onTurbo Codes and Related Topics,Sep 1-5,2008,Lausanne, Switzerland. Piscataway,NJ, USA: IEEE, 2008:55-60.

[11 RATASUK R, TOLLI D, GHOSH A. Carrieraggregation in LTE-advanced [C]//Proceedings of the 71st VehicularTechnology Conference (VTC-Spring10),

May 16-19, 2010, Taipei, China.Piscataway, NJ,USA: IEEE, 2010:5p.

[12] SHOKROLLAHI A. Raptor codes [J]. IEEETransactions on Information Theory, 2006,52(6):2551-2567.

[13] ZHANG Y, ZHENG J, CHEN H. Cognitiveradio: Architecture, protocols, and standards[M]. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2010.

2011-05-05

863973 (Fellow)100

20

(20132015 )

IP

IPTV

IPTV

4

5

12

[1] . (NGB) [J]. , 2010(4):20-25.

[2] HOURCADE J C, NUEVO Y, WAHLSTER W,et al. Future Internet 2020: Visions of anindustry expert group [R]. Brussels, Belgium:European Commission Information Societyand Media, 2009.

[3] KRUGER L G, GILROY A A, GOLDFARB C B,et al. The national broadband plan [M].Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova SciencePublishers, 2010.

[4] i-Japan Strategy 2015 [R]. The Japanese ITStrategic Headquarters, 2009.

2011-06-06

3

24


Integration and Broadcasting Platform and Technologies in Tri-Network ConvergenceIntegration and Broadcasting Platform and Technologies in Tri-Network Convergence

/ZHANG Shile/LU Wei

/LU Baofeng( 200072)

(Shanghai Interactive Television Co. Ltd.,Shanghai 200072, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0019-04

3

With improving technologies, the transmission network of cable TV has

extended to the telecom network and Internet. Integration and broadcasting platforms

that are being built for business lack uniform technical and operation specifications and

are not easy to manage and scale up. Manually censoring and monitoring content is

insufficient for integrating business and mass content in tri-network convergence.

Current broadcasting platforms are independent and unable to support business

collaboration between content providers and network operators. There is also no

mechanism for copyright protection. In this paper, we propose a platform for

integration and broadcasting and research technologies that solve these problems from

three aspects: content integration, content broadcasting and the collaborative

operating.

tri-network convergence; integration and broadcasting; content

censoring; content protection; collaboration operating

Keywords:

Abstract:

1

2

1

(1)

(2)

(3)

(VOD)

(UGC)

(4)

(863)

(2011AA01A107863)

19Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


25


3

3

3

2

2.1

[1]

2.2

(

)

3

3.1

1

2

IPTV ()

( CCTV)

( SiTV)

( CNTV)

()

P2P ( PPStream)

+ IPTV +

()

( CNTV)

()

()

()

20 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


26


(EPG)

[2]

H.264

(SVC)[3]

SVC

SVC

[4]

[5]

EPG

EPG

EPG

EPG

3.2

H.264/AVC

(SVC)

H.264/AVC

3

EPG

21Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


27


()(

)

4

4.1

4.2

/

5

6 [1] PRITCH Y, RAV-ACHA A, PELEG S.

Nonchronological video synopsis andindexing [J]. IEEE Transactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence,2008,30(11): 1971-1984.

[2] SUN Huifang, CHEN Xuemin, CHIANG Tihao.Digital video transcoding for transmissionand storage [M]. New York, NY,USA:CRCPress, 2005.

[3] SCHWARZ H, WIEN M. The scalable videocoding extension of the H.264/AVC standard[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2008,25(2): 135-141.

[4] COX I J, MILLER M L, BLOOM J A, et al.Digital watermarking and steganography [M].2nd ed. Amsterdam, Netherland: MorganKaufmann, 2008.

[5] ROSENBLATT B, TRIPPE B, MOONEY S.Digital rights management: Business andtechnology [M]. New York, NY,USA: HungryMinds/John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

[6] COOPER J O, HERON T E, HEWARDW L.Applied behavior analysis [M]. 2nd ed. UpperSaddle River, NJ,USA: Prentice Hall, 2007.

2011-05-05

8 ( SCI 1 EI 1)

105(3)

IPTV2013(7)

22 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


28


Common Security and Control Framework in Tri-Network ConvergenceCommon Security and Control Framework in Tri-Network Convergence

/LI Yufeng 1

/LAN Julong 1

/XUE Xiangyang 2(1.

4500022.

201203)(1. National Digital Switching System

Engineering & Technological Research Center,Zhengzhou 450002, China;

2. School of Computer Science, FudanUniversity, Shanghai 201203, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0023-06

This paper proposes a Common Security and Control Framework (CSCF) for

application security, network security, information security, and behavioral security in

tri-network convergence. CSCF has an independent architecture and can be operated

transparently across the whole network. It treats the network link as the control object

and can perform functions such as link traffic identification and link traffic analysis. It

can also check and control a security problem at one point and initiate a whole-system

response. CSCF is based on a distributed security and control platform with high

scalability. This paper discusses the development of techniques used to establish a

security system that proactively defends against threats, flexibly reacts to and blocks

threats as they occur, and traces threats.

common security and control framework; control center; control platform

Keywords:

Abstract:

(863)

(2009AA01A346)

IP

(1)

(2)

(3)

23Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


29


(4)

1

[1]

-

1.1

(1)

1

2

1

3

4

24 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


30


1

(2)

2 4

(DPI)

(DFI)

(DCI)

(DBI)

(3)

3

DPIDFIDCIDBI

(4)

4

(5)

5

1.2

(1)

2

3

DBI DCI DFI DPI

DBI

DCI

DFI

DPI

DPI

DFI

DCI

DBI

DBI DCI DFI DPI

25Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


31


(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

4

5

Ddos

DDOS

/

26 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


32


2

2.1

(1)

(2)

(3)

2.2

(

)

(1)

()

(2)

URL

P2P

(1)

IP

DFI

[2-4]

(2)(DPI)

[5-7]

2.3

[8][9]

[10]

2.4

()

2.5

27Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


33


2.6

IP

UUNet Stone

[11] Burch

[12]

Song PPM [13]

WAPWeb

(

)

3

4

7 30 SCI/EI20

[1] , . [J]. , 2007,20(12):15-18.

[2] WON Y J, PARK B C, JU H T, et al. A hybridapproach for accurate application trafficidentification [C]//Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/IFIP Workshop on End-to-End MonitoringTechniques and Services(E2EMON06), Apr03,2006,Vancouver, Canada. Piscataway, NJ,USA: IEEE, 2006:8p.

[3] KARAGIANNIS T, PAPAGIANNAKI K,FALOUTSOS M. BLINC: Mutilevel trafficclassfication in the dark [J]. ACM SIGCOMMComputer Communication Review, 2005, 35(4):229-240.

[4] ALSHAMMARI R, ZINCIR-HEYWOOD A N.Machine learning based encrypted trafficclassification: Identifying SSH and skype [C]//Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Symposium onComputational Intelligence for Security andDefense Applications (CISDA09), Jul 8-10,2009, Ottawa, Canada. Piscataway, NJ,USA:IEEE, 2009: 289-296.

[5] AHO A V, CORASICK M J. Efficient stringmatching: an aid to bibliographic search [J].Communications of the ACM,1975,18(6):330-340.

[6] KUMAR S, TURNER J, WILLIAMS J.Advanced algorithms for fast and scalabledeep packet inspection [C]//Proceedings ofthe 2006 ACM/IEEE Symposium onArchitecture for Networking andCommunications Systems(ANCS06), Dec3-5,2006,San Jose, CA, USA. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 2006: 81-92.

[7] NAGHMOUCHI J, SCARPAZZA D P,BEREKOVIC M. Small-ruleset regularexpression matching on GPGPUs:Quantitative performance analysis andoptimization [C]//Proceedings of the 24thACM International Conference onSupercomputing(ICS10), Jun 2-4,2010,Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 2010: 337-348.

[8] LIN Y R, HUANG H Y, HSU W H. Anembedded watermark technique in video forcopyright protection [C]//Proceedings of the

IEEE 18th International Conference onPattern Recognition (ICPR06): Vol 4, Aug20-24, 2006, Hong Kong, China. Piscataway,NJ,USA: IEEE, 2006:795-798.

[9] SUN Q, HE D, TIAN Q. A secure and robustauthentication scheme for video transcoding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits andSystems for Video Technology, 2006,16(10):1232-1244.

[10] WANGW H, FAFID H. Exposing digitalforgeries in video by detecting doubleMPEG compression [C]//Proceedings of theACM Muhimedia and SecurityWorkshop(MM&Sec'06), Sep 26-27,2006,Geneva, Switzerland. New York, NY,USA:ACM, 2006:37-47.

[11] STONE R. Centertrack: An IP overlaynetwork for tracking DoS floods [C]//Proceedings of the 9th Conference onUSENIX Security Symposium, Aug 14-17,2000,Denver,CO,USA. Berkeley, CA, USA:USENIX Association, 2000:199-212.

[12] BURCH H, CHESWICK B. Tracinganonymous packets to their approximatesource [C]// Proceedings of the 14thUSENIX Conference on SystemAdministration(LISA00), Dec 3-8,2000,New Orleans, LA, USA. Berkeley, CA, USA:USENIX Association, 2000:319-327.

[13] SONG D X, PERRIG A. Advanced andauthenticated marking schemes for IPtraceback [C]// Proceedings of the 20thAnnual Joint Conference of the IEEEComputer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM01):Vol 2,Apr 22- 26,2001,Anchorage, AK,USA. Piscataway, NJ,USA:IEEE, 2001:878-886.

2011-05-07

28 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


34


Cooperative Wireless Technologies in Tri-Network ConvergenceCooperative Wireless Technologies in Tri-Network Convergence

/XU Ling/FANG Huiying

( 518004)(ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen 518004, China)

TN915; TN94; TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0029-04

(ARQ)

Cooperative wireless technology, especially cross-layer cooperative

architecture, will contribute to tri-network convergence. This paper proposes

cooperative technology that provides primary return channel and network-level

automatic repeat request (ARQ) as well as user and service-oriented transmission by

means of unified resource management and coordination. Cooperative technology

improves coverage quality and allows for dynamic spectrum sharing through

cooperative relay. It also provides a more effective coordination mechanism for

tri-network convergencewhich creates a new service experience and is suited to

the development of diverse new services.

tri-network convergence; cooperative wireless technology; unified radio

resource management; cooperative relay; spectrum sharing; cognitive radio

Keywords:

Abstract:

(CMMB) 30 MHz 3 000 MHz

/

CMMB

(MIMO)

1 (WPAN

WLANWMANWWAN )

1

29Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


35


(1)

(CRRM)

/

/

CRRM

(Joint RRM)

3GPP

Internet Offload

[1]CRRM

3

CRRM

CRRM

( RNCeNodeB )

(2)

(COMP)

(JP)(CP/CB)

(COMP)

2

(3)

(CR)

(

)

CR

(ETSI)

CR

(IMT)

2G/3G 4G

CR

(4)

[2-5]

2

WAN WLAN WPAN GPS

1

2 (COMP)

GPS/

WAN

WLAN

WPAN

30 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


36


4

(1) 1

()

()

(2) 2

ARQ (NARQ)

(NARQ)

3 ARQ

NARQ

/

( CRRM )

CRRM

4

(3) 3

5

2

2 ARQ

ARQ

(4) 4

3

ARQ

4

5

ARQARQ

ARQ

/

Internet

31Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


37


6

7

3

6

7

[1] PILLEKEIT A. Common radio resourcemanagement - Theory, architectures,algorithms [C]//Summer Academy 2010 ofInternational Graduate School on MobileCommunications, Jul 26-Aug 08,2010,TUIlmenau, Germany. 2010.

[2] Cognitive radio, spectrum and radio resourcemanagement [R]. WWRF WG6 White Paper.2004.

[3] VON Hugo D, BOGENFELD E, GASPARD I, etal. Joint RRM as a concept for efficientoperation of future radio networks [C]//Proceedings of the 70th VehicularTechnology Conference (VTC-Fall09),Sep20-23, 2008, Anchorage, AK,USA.Piscataway, NJ,USA:IEEE, 2009: 5p.

[4] Performance of cognitive collaborativenetwork, management concepts [R].End-to-End Efficiency (E3) Deliverable D3.4.2009.

[5] GELABERT X, PREZ-ROMERO J, SALLENTO, et al. Radio resource management inheterogeneous networks [C]//Proceedings ofthe 3rd International Working Conference onPerformance Modelling and Evaluation ofHeterogeneous Networks (HET-NETs05),July 18-20, 2005, Ilkley, UK. London, UK:IEEE, 2005:12p.

2011-05-11

3

WiMAX LTE 20

Internet

32 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


38

D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\Expert.VFT4PPS/P

/ZHOU Qi( 100037)(China Academy of TelecommunicationResearch of MIIT, Beijing 100037, China)

:

:

Abstract:With the emergence of digital broadcast television, tri-network convergence has

become a trend in the global information industry and an important stimulant of the Chinese

economy. Influenced by tri-network convergence, telecommunications has now taken on

some of the features of traditional media, and services offered by telecom operators have

expanded. Separation of terminals, which characterized the traditional media era, has

ended. This paper suggests that service element cross-domain integration and

convergence allows for multistate service development in tri-network convergence. It

creates new media industries and gives rise to innovative business models.

Keywords: tri-network convergence; full-service; multiscreen convergence; IPTV

Business Models and Future Development Strategy of Tri-Network ConvergenceBusiness Models and Future Development Strategy of Tri-Network Convergence

TN915TN94TP393.03 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0033-04

IP

1

[1]

4

(1)

IP

(IPTV)


33Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

39


1

IPTV

2009

(2)

TD+CMMB

+

(WEBTV)

, 2

Google TV

APPLE TV BBC iPlayer TV

(TV BOX

iTunes

(3)

IPTV

[2]

IPTV IPTV

IPTV IPTV

3

SeeMeTV ( 3 )

now TV

3

SeeMeTV

(UGC)

(MMS)

10%

(4)

FMC

ARPU

1 IPTV

2

3 SeeMeTV

UGC

258 2005

130


(FMC)

FMC FMC

FMC

FMC

IPTV

[3]

KDDI AU BOX FMBC

IPTV4

2 (1)

BTAT&T

(2)

32%

2009

76362

PC

3G

(3) IPTV

IPTV

IPTV

IPTV

(4)

widget

SP

SP

IPTV

IPTV

(5)

5 2010

(6)

2008 2010

2010

320 500

HDTV

70%

(STB)

STB

4 KDDI FMC

STB

PC

()()()


35Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

41


(7) IPTV 2013

2 000

2010-2012

IPTV

IPTV

5

2010 IPTV

760 2013 2 100

2009-2013

46%

3

(1)

IPTV

(2)

(CDN)

(3)

[4]

(4)

(IPQAM)

4

5

CAGR

[1] .IPTV[J]. , 2006, 4(4):17.

[2] . [J]. , 2009(9) : 32-35.

[3] . [J].,2010(5):25.

[4] , . [J].,2010(Z1): 15-19.

2011-06-20

5 2010-2013 IPTV

6 000

3 000

1 000

02002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

2 000

1 800

1 600

1 200

800

40028

63

140

200

6 497.3

40 501

260460

760

1 000

1 300

2 100

CAGR=46%

IPTV

/


36 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

42

D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL16\OA1.VFT6PPS/P

Distributed Cache of Cloud Computing Technology and Its ApplicationDistributed Cache of Cloud Computing Technology and Its Applicationin the Internet of Thingsin the Internet of Things :

:

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is the product of information technology, and the

cloud computing platform is the basis of IoT applications. This paper discusses the

deployment, functional architecture and key technology of cloud computing distributed

cache, which can be used to overcome certain IoT shortcomings. This paper focuses on

the advantages of distributed cache, including high performance, throughput, reliability,

and scalability. Cloud computing distributed cache can solve IoT application problems

that affect data reliability, large shared memory, consistency in multimodule data

protection, and linear expansion. These support the bottom layer of cloud architecture in

the IoT platform.

Keywords: cloud computing; Internet of things; distributed cache

/GAO Hong/DONG Zhenjiang

( 210012

(Communication Service R&D Institute, ZTECorporation, Nanjing210012, China)

TN91 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0037-06

PC

GoogleAmazonSalesforce IT

[1-2]

IT

(API)

37Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


43


1

PC

WEB 2.0

IT

2007 10

Dynamo

1

[3-4]

GoogleAmazon

(RDBMS)

Google Amazon

Key-Value

Key-Value

Google BigTableAmazon Dynamo

Facebook Cassandra

[5]

2

2.1

API

telnet

B/S

2

2.2

3

3

/SSD/

1 Amazon

S3


38 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

44


(LRU)SSD

2.3

2.3.1 NRW

NRW

4 NRW

N R

W

R+W >N

R W

W 1

R

1

R W

2.3.2 Hash

Hash

0232

232

Hash

Hash

Hash

2

LRU

3

/

/

telnet Web

SSD

Hash

LRU

1

2

3

1 2 3

39Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


45


5 232 Hash

Hash

2.3.3

(1) 10

3

ABC

(2) A A

10

3

A D

C A

(3) A A

10

A 10

BC

10

BC

A

A

API

API

2.3.4

IP

6

(1) 12

35 4

12 0

35

(2) 4

1

2

(3) 1

035

4

4 NRW

N,R,W ) (3, 2 ,2)

5Hash

Key-Value

R+W >N

(N =3W=R=2)

NNRRWW

Hash

232/0

Key-Value


40 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

46


4 0

3 5

4

3

3.1

Key-Value

24

Hash

I/O

I/O

API

3.2

(ICT)

(RFID)

3

7 1

RFID

2

3

3

8

(QoS)

(GPRS)

(M2M)

IP

18 /

6

1

2

3

0

5

4

4043

54

41Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174


47


4

RFID

[6]

5

DCACHE OMMP NFS DB

[1] .[M].: , 2010.[2] ,.[J].

, 2010(12):1-3.[3] DECANDIA G, HASTORUN D, JAMPANI M,et

al. Dynamo: Amazons Highly AvailableKey-Value Store[C]//Proceedings of the 21thACM SIGOPS Symposium on OperatingSystems Principles (SOSP07), Oct 14-17,2007, Washington, DC, USA. New York, NY,USA: ACM, 2007:205-220.

[4] CHANG F, DEAN J, GHEMAWAT S,et al.Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System forStructured Data[C]//Proceedings of the 20thACM SIGOPS Symposium on OperatingSystems Principles (SOSP05), Oct 23-26,2005, Brighton UK. New York, NY, USA:ACM, 2005: 205-218.

[5] LAKSHMAN A,MALIK P.Cassandra: ADecentralized Structured Storage System[J].SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, 2010, 44(2):35-40.

[6] .[J].(),2010,22(5): 526-531.

2011-05-25

8

INIMS

SDPP2P3G ICT

7

DB

+

OMMP

NFS

1

2

N

DCACHE 1

DCACHE 2

DCACHEm

1 n 1 n


42 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

48

D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\RP2.VFT5PPS/P

LTE-AdvancedLTE-AdvancedQoSQoS

Study of the Mapping of QoS Parameters in LTE-A SystemsStudy of the Mapping of QoS Parameters in LTE-A Systems /KONG Xiangyi 1, /ZHAO Jihong 2(1. 7100612. 710049 )(1. School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xian University of Posts and

Telecommunications, Xian 710061, China;2. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xian JiaoTong University, Xian 710049, China)

TP393 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0043-05

QoS

QoS LTE-A

QoSQoS

LTE-AQoS

LTE-Advanced

Abstract: Mapping of QoS parameters provides a mechanism for lower layers to know

the service QoS information of the upper layer so that transmission quality is

guaranteed. As LTE-A continues to be evaluated, mapping of QoS parameters is

becoming more important in satisfying the QoS decision of the system architecture and

transforming or mapping systems information. This paper analyzes the architecture for

mapping QoS parameters in LTE-A. It examines the function of each part of the

architectures framework and specifies the mapping process and rules for specific

parameters.

Keywords: LTE-A; QoS; mapping of parameters

LTE-AdvancedQoSZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

(3GPP) LTE-Advanced (ITU-R)

(IMT-Advanced)

ITU-R IMT-Advanced

1 Gbit/s 100 Mbit/s

[1]

ITU-R 5D

3GPP LTE

Release 10 & Beyond(LTE-Advanced)

4G

(QoS)

QoS

QoS

Carl Wijting[2] QoS

QoS

QoS

LTE-A

IP

1 QoS

1.1 QoS

[3]QoS

QoS QoS

QoS

QoS[4]

1.2 QoS

[5] QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

3GPP

QoS

43Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

49


EPS QCI

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

GBR

GBR

2

4

3

5

1

6

7

8

9

/ms

100

150

50

300

100

300

100

300

10-2

10-3

10-3

10-6

10-6

10-6

10-3

10-6

IMS

TCPWWWE-mailFTPP2P

TCPWWWE-mailFTPP2P


LTE-AQoS

1.3 QoSQCI

QoS

QoS (QCI)

(ARP) (GBR)

(MBR)

(AMBR) [6]

AMBR

(UE-AMBR)

(APN-AMBR) QCI

AMBR

(EPS)

(UMTS)

QCI

EPS

(E-RAB) GBR

GBR QCI ARP

(SDF)

QCI IP

(IP-CAN)

SDF QCI ARP

SDF QCI

QoS

1 EPS

QCI

2 LTE-AQoS

LTE-Advanced IP

QoS

(PCC)

PCC QoS

2.1 QoS

3GPP R7 PCC

QoS

PCC

QoS IP-CAN

QoS

[7]

(AF)

(PCRF)

(PCEF)

(BBERF)(UE)

QoS

QoS (SDI)

(SDP)IP QoS

QoS QoS

1

2.2 QoS

1 AF AF

RxPCRFPCRF

IP QoS QCI

GBRMBRARP

1 EPSQCI

EPSFTP

GBRIMSIP

P2PQCIQoS

TCP

PCRFPCEF

BBERFSDI

AFQoS

1 QoS

IP

IP

PCEF/BBERF

SDI

AF

PCRF

AF

(Rx)

QoS

IP QoS

(Gx/Gxx)

44 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

50


PCEF BBERF

PCC Gx

Gxx

QoS

QoS

3 QoS

EPS PCC

Diameter

(AVP)

UE

AF

QoS AF

PCRFPCRF

IP QoS

PCC

PCEF BBERF

PCEF BBERF PCC

QoS

3.1 AFQoS

AF Rx

AVP AF

SDI

Rx

PCRF

Diameter [8]

AF

SDP SDP

[9]

AVP

AF

/

[10]

2 SDP

AVP

2

SDP

UE UE

SDP

m-line

ab[11]

IP

IP

IPIP

(UDP)

3.2 PCRFQoS

PCRF

R6 R7

PCRF

QoS

PCRF AF

AF

PCRF QoS

QoS

Rx

IP QoS

QCIGBRMBR ARP

UE

UE AF IP

QoS QoS

QoS 3

QCI

3 QCI

QCI PCRF

AF AVP

QCIAF

AVP

AVP QCI

AVPQCI

3.3 PCEF/BBERFQoS

PCEF/BBERF PCRF

IP QoS

QoS

QoS

QoS

PCEF

R6

R7

PCEF

GPRS GPRS

(GGSN)

(WLAN)

(P-GW)


2 AF

ASAVP

MSRPRTP

SDPTCPTiASUDP

=

=

*1 000

b=TiAS:

b=AS:

b

=

a

=

Recovonly sendrecy

TCPTCP/MSRP

UDP RTP/AVP b=TiAS:

=

b M

b=AS:b=TiAS:

=

UE

=

45Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

51


QoS

BBERF

(S-GW) Gxx [12]

PCRF QoS

GPRS GGSN

PCRF IP QoS

/

(PDP) UMTS QoS

PDP UMTS QoS

/

APN-AMBR

2 PDP

IP QoS

2 QCI 1 2

[13]34

5678

3GPP EPS P-GW

/ P-GW

GPRS(SGSN)Gn/Gp

3.4 UEQoS

UE PCEF/

BBERF IP-CAN

IP-CAN

IP-CAN

4 UE

PDP QoS

(1) IP

UMTS

(2)

UMTS QoS

(3) SDP SDP

UMTS

(4) 1 2

UMTS QoS 3

UMTS QoSUE

3

UE

5 SDP

UE SDP

UE SDP

AVP

4 QoS

QoS

3GPP

QoS

QoS

QoS


AFAVPQCIQoSQoS

RTCP

3 QCI

2 QCIPDP

QCIQoS

QCI

12

34

5678

QCI=

AVP

QCI=video

QCI=QCI=1 2

QCI=6 7 8

QCI=6

QCI=9

AF

RTCP IP /

AVPs

=3 4=4

=1

=2

QCI=

AF AVP QoS

QCI=

46 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

52


(1) QoS

(2) QoS

(3) QoS

QoS

3GPP

CoMP

QoS

4G

5


PDPSDP

SGSNGPRSUMTS

UEQoS

AVPRTPSDPUE

[1] ITU-R M.2134. Requirements Related toTechnical Performance for IMTAdvancedRadio Interface [S].2008.

[2] MASRI W, MAMMERI Z. Mapping Density toBandwidth in Tree-Based Wireless SensorNetworks[J].Telecommunication Systems,2010,43(1/2):73-81.

[3] CHANG Qian, SONG Junde, HOU Chunping.Study of QoS in UTRAN[C]//Proceeding of the2002 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electricaland Computer Engineering (CCECE02), May12-15, 2002 , Winnipeg, Canada.Piscataway,NJ, USA:IEEE,2002:1605-1609.

[4] DASILVA L A. QoS Mapping Along theProtocol Stack: Discussion and PreliminaryResults[C]//Proceedings of the IEEEInternational Conference onCommunications(ICC00):Vol 2, Jun 18-22,2000, New Orleans, LA, USA. Piscataway,NJ, USA:IEEE, 2000:713-717.

[5] MARCHESE M, MONGELLI M. Vertical QoSMapping over Wireless Interfaces[J]. IEEEWireless Communications, 2009,16(2):37-45.

[6] 3GPP TS 23.203. v10.1.0. Policy and ChargingControl Architecture[S].2005.

[7] 3GPP TS 29.213. v9.4.1. Policy and ChargingControl Signaling Flows and Quality ofService (QoS) Parameter Mapping[S].2010.

[8] CALHOUN P, LOUGHNEY J, GUTTMAN E,etal.Diameter Base Protocol[R]. IETF. RFC3588.2003.

[9] 3GPP. TS 29.214 v10.0.1. Policy and ChargingControl over Rx Reference Point[S].2011.

[10] CASNER S. Session Description Protocol(SDP)Bandwidth Modifier [R]. IETF. RFC3556. 2003.

[11] HANDLEY M, JACOBSON V, PERKINS C.SDP: Session Description Protocol[R]. IETF.RFC 4566.2006.

[12] 3GPP TS 29.212. v10.0.0. Policy andCharging Control over Gx Reference Point[S].2010.

[13] 3GPP TS 23.107.v9.1.0. Quality of Service(QoS) Concept and Architecture[S]2010.

2011-05-10

100

4 UEQoS

5 SDP

UMTS

QoS

UMTS

IP

SDP

(1) (3)

(2)

(4)

SGSN

PDP

SDP

==

==

==

B=AS

TS26.234

A=sendonlyrecvonly

TS26.234

SDP

==RTP/AVP

UE

47Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

53

D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\DF1.VFT4PPS/P

Wi-FiWi-FiANew Option for Broadband Wireless Network: Wi-Fi OffloadA New Option for Broadband Wireless Network: Wi-Fi Offload

: iPhone

Wi-Fi

AP/AC PMIP IP

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi Internet 2G/3G/LTE

: Wi-Fi IP

Abstract: Smartphones and laptop computers have brought about an explosion in data

traffic, and using Wi-Fi to offload data flow has become a trend. This paper suggests

that a smart antenna can enhance signal coverage, improved AP/AC can reduce

handoff time, PMIP can provide IP mobility, and a relatively transparent Wi-Fi network

can be used to provide new services. It proposes seamless coverage and handoff that

satisfies medium-speed mobile Wi-Fi and greatly offloads Internet and data traffic.

The 2G/3G/LTE network continues to carry voice and other high value-added business.

Key words: seamless coverage; seamless handoff ; Wi-Fi hotspot; IP mobility; open

system resource interface

/WEI Yuan(

210012)(Central Research Institute, ZTE

Corporation, Nanjing 210012, China)

TN929.5 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0048-04

2008 Vodafone

300500 Cisco 2008

iPhone

17%

65% 3 AT&T

50 iPhone

AT&T 3% 40%

[1]

iPhone

3G

(LTE)

LTE

(Wi-Fi)

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

(WLAN)

802.11n 2009 9

600 Mbit/s

(MIMO)

(OFDM) Wi-Fi

[2]

IP

Wi-Fi

2G/3G/LTE

1 Wi-Fi

1.1 Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

/

Wi-Fi

1

1.2

Internet

(Ethernet)

WLAN EPON (0G/100G

Ethernet)(100G Ethernet)[3]

WLAN Internet

/

(MAC) IP

Wi-Fi ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

48 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

54


(OSI)

[4]

MAC

1.3 802.11n

802.11n WLAN

100600 Mbit/s

WLAN 10

Wi-Fi

PC

802.11n

MIMO

802.11n 12

1

20 MHz 140 MHz

2.25

1234

64 QAM 616QAM 4(QPSK)

2(BPSK) 1

BPSK 1/2QPSK16QAM 1/2 3/464 QAM 2/33/4

7/8

800 ns 1400 ns1.11

802.11n

100 Mbit/s 125 Mbit/s22

20 MHz200 Mbit/s 250 Mbit/s4

420 MHz300 Mbit/s 250 Mbit/s

2 240 MHz500 Mbit/s 600

Mbit/s4440 MHz

33MIMO

300 Mbit/s

1.4 Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

44MIMO

Wi-Fi

22MIMO 500 nW

(AP)

1000 m (2.5 Mbit/s)

500 m (5 Mbit/s)

500 m (12 Mbit/s)

Wi-Fi

2[5]

1.5 MESH

AP

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

802.11s MESH

MESH AP

ACAP DPI IMSIP MESH WLAN

1 Wi-Fi

1 802.11nMIMO

/MHz

/(Mbit/s)

MIMO

22MIMO

20

12

1

2

6

0.875

1

126

12

1

2

6

0.75

1

108

44MIMO

20

12

1

4

6

0.875

1

252

12

1

4

6

0.75

1

216

22MIMO

40

12

2.25

2

6

0.875

1

283.5

12

2.25

2

6

0.75

1

243

44MIMO

40

12

2.25

4

6

0.875

1

567

12

2.25

4

6

0.75

1

486

2

/(km/h)

4

40

80

300

/s

720

270

135

120

/s

45

34

17

15

IMS IP //DPI

AC AC

IP

MESH

WLAN


49Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

55


MESH AP [6]

1.6 AP/AC

AP

QoS

AC AP/AC

/

AP/AC

CAPWAP rfc5415

CAPWAP rfc5416

802.11 AC

Wi-Fi AAA

BOSS

[7-8]

1.7 PMIP

IP Wi-Fi

MIP Client

IP (PMIP)

[9]

PMIP Wi-Fi

330%

(MAG)

FPMIP MAG MAG

Wi-Fi

MAGMAG1MAG3

STA1

STA1

MAG STA1

(IETF) 2009

Multimob WG

(QoS)

SkypeQQ Global IP

Sound iLBC

13.3 kbit/s G.729

30% IP

[4]

802.11

IETF

[10]

Wi-Fi

1.8 OSR

Internet (ISP)

(OSR)

2

ISP

ISP

(1)

Google OSR_Request

Google

OSR_Response

(2) ISP

OSR_Response ISP

(PDA)PC

(URL)

(3) QoS

QoS

OSR QoS

QoS OSR

QoS QoS

1.9 Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

IEEE 802.11n

IEEE 802.11e QoS

IETF MIFNETEXTMEXT WG

IETF Hokey Wi-Fi hokey

FMIPFPMIP

Wi-Fi

3GPP TS23.234TS29.234 Wi-Fi offload

3GPP TS32.252TS33.234

ISPInternet OSR

QoSISPInternet

WLAN

2 OSR

OSR

WLAN

ISP

(Google,)

OSR_Request

(Qos, )

OSR_Response

(Qos, )

OSR_Pay

()


50 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

56


2 Wi-Fi Wi-Fi

2G/3G/LTE/WALN

Wi-Fi

33

(1)

3G

Wi-Fi AC Internet

(a) Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi AAA

(b) SIM 3G

AAA

(2)

Wi-Fi Internet

(PDG) 3G/LTE

(3) Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Internet

PDG 3G/LTE

Wi-Fi

3 Wi-Fi

3G

Wi-Fi

3G

[11]

Wi-Fi

PDG

Wi-Fi

EAP-SIM

iPhone

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

4 [1] GHOSAL A. Mobile Data Offload Can Wi-Fi

Deliver[R]. IntelliNet Technologies Inc,2010.[2] IEEE Std 802.11n. IEEE Standard for

InformationTechnology-Telecommunications andInformation Exchange BetweenSystems-Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks-Specific Requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications-Amendment 5:Enhancements for Higher Throughput [S].2009.

[3] IEEE Std P802.3ba/D3.0. 40Gb/s and 100Gb/sEthernet Comments. Draft 3.0 Comments[S].2009.

[4] The iLBCfreeware org. What is iLBC? [EB/OL]. http://www.ilbcfreeware.org/.

[5] . WLAN[J]., 2004(2): 12-15.

[6] IEEE Std P802.11s/D0.01. IEEE Standard forInformationTechnology-Telecommunications andInformation Exchange BetweenSystems-Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks-Specific Requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications-Amendment 10: MeshNetworking [S]. 2009.

[7] CALHOUN P, MONTEMURRO M,STANLEYD, Control and Provisioning of WirelessAccess Points (CAPWAP) ProtocolSpecification [R]. IETF RFC 5415.2009.

[8] CALHOUN P,MONTEMURRO M,STANLEYD. Control and Provisioning of WirelessAccess Points (CAPWAP) Protocol Bindingfor IEEE 802.11[R]. IETF RFC 5416.2009.

[9] GUNDAVELLI S,LEUNG K, DEVARAPALLI V,et al. Proxy Mobile IPv6 [R].IETF RFC5213.2008.

[10] . (WLAN)[M].:,2004.

[11] . 3GWi-Fi,[J]. , 2010,37(1):20-22.

2010-06-09

Wi-Fi IP IP WLAN IP Wi-Fi 510

3 3Wi-Fi

AC LTE PDG

Wi-FiInternet

AC

AAA

AAA

3G/LTE

Wi-Fi

ACInternet

AAA

AAA

3G/LTEPDG

Wi-Fi

3G/LTE

AAA

AC

Internet

PDG


51Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

57


15881588vv22Standardization ofStandardization of 15881588vv22 for Application in Telecommunication Networksfor Application in Telecommunication Networks

: 1588v2 ITU-T

1588v2

1588v2(PDV)

1588v21588v2

: 1588v2

Abstract: This article introduces the requirements of 1588v2 for application in

telecommunication networks and discusses 1588v2 standardization in the ITU-T with

reference to frequency and time/phase synchronization. Issues affecting the

application of 1588v2 include network Packet Delay Variation (PDV) limits (which

impact 1588v2 frequency recovery), and application scenarios and specifications for

1588v2 end to end frequency transmission. This paper also discusses the

characteristics and basic thought of 1588v2 in telecommunications deployment.

Problems arising during standardization are discussed in conclusion.

Key words: precision time protocol;1588v2; PDV; Global Navigation Satellites System

/SU Fei/HE Li

/LI Zhengqi(

518055)(ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen 518055, China)

TN929.11 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0052-06

1 1588v2

1.1 1588v2

(IEEE) 2000

PTP 15881588

[1]

IEEE 2002

1588

2008

IEEE 1588TM-2008

1588v21588v2

1588v2

1588v2

(BC)

(TC) PTP

PTP

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

PTP

PTP

(BMCA)

PTP PTP

(ITU-T) 1588v2

Q13/15 ITU-T

1

G.8261/

G.8262/G.8264

G.8260/G.8265/G.8265.1

1588v2

1.2 1588v2

(TDM)

1588v2ZTE TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL

52 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

58


(SDH)(PDH)

2G

(RAN)

TDM

3G

TDM

(TDD) 3G

1588v2

(GNSS)

(UTC)

PTP

GNSS

2 ITU-T

/

/

2

3~5

1588v2[2]

2 1588v2

2.1 1588v2

3G

PTP

BC TC

PTP (PTP

Slave) PTP

(PTP Master)

PTP Slave PTP

Master [3]

3

2.2 1588v2

3

BCEECOC

PDVPEC

PRTC

ESMCTC

1 ITU-T Q13/15

GSMUMTSFDD

TDDCDMA

TD-SCDMA

WiMAXUTRALTE

2 /

G.8265.1PTP (OC )

G.8265

G.8264 ESMC

G.8262EEC

G.8263PEC

G.8261.2

G.8261.1 PDV

G.8261

G.8265.2

G.826x

G.8275.1PTP (BC )

G.8275

G.8274OC(Slave)

G.8271.1 PDV

G.8271

G.8275.2

/G.827x

G.8271.2

G.8272PRTC

G.8273BC/TC

G.8260

/

50 ppb

GSMUMTS-FDDUMTS-TDDCDMA 2000TD-SCDMALTE

5

4

3

2

1

1s

1~1.5s

1.5~5s

5~100s

5~500ms

WiMAX-TDD()

UTRA-TDDLTE-TDD

LTE-TDDWiMAX-TDD

IP


53Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

59


PTP Slave

50 ppb 2

PTP Slave

50 ppb

16 ppbITU-T G.812 Type I

(FDD)E1

2

ITU-T G.823 traffic

[4]

PTP

Slave 50 ppb

PTP Slave

2 PTP

Slave

1 PTP

(PDV) PDV

1588v2

PDV

PDV

PDV

PDV

PDV

22

(MTIE)

(TDEV)

PDV

4

[5]

PDV

PDV

5[5]

[5]

3 1588v2

PDV

4

5

PDV

( 2 Mbit/2 MHz)

2 1

1588v2 Slave 1588v2

1

1588v2 Master

1588v2 Master

1588v2

( 1588v2 Slave)

PDV

PDV

PDV

PDV

1.17

90

180

1 000

10 000

100

10

1

/

/s

0.00 1.00 10.36 180.00 2 048.00 1.17/h /s

::596 919 :270.020s

54 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


60


PDV

PDV

MTIETDEV

PDV

minTDEV, percentileTDEV, bandTDEV

xTDEV

/ (MATIE/

MAFE) xTDEV TDEV

MATIE/MAFE

MTIE

TDEV MTIE

TDEV

xTDEV

MATIE/MAFE

[6]

PDV

PDV

PDV

PDV PDV

PTP

Slave PDV PDV

ITU-T G.8261.1

G.8263

2.3 1588v2

1588v2

ITU-T 1588v2

G.8265

G.8265.1 G.8265

G.8265.1 1588v2

G.8265

[7]

Master Slaver

SDH

Slave

Master

Slave

(QL)

VLAN

G.8265.1 PTP

Slave Telecom

Slave PTP Master

Grandmaster(GM)

G.8265.1

GM 1588v2

PTP

GM GM

Telecom Slave

GM GM GM

GM GM PTP

PTP 6

[8]

Telecom Slave

PTP Master Telecom

Slave PTP

Slave Master

Telecom Slave PTP

Telecom Slave

PTP

OC

(SOOC)

SOOC

GM

Slave

7[8]

Telecom Slave GM

SOOC

Announce Sync/Delay_Resp

GM SOOC


Announce GM clockClass

G.8265.1 PTP

clockClass (80110)

clockClass QL GM

PTP

6 G.8265.1

1()PTP =X

G.8265.1 1 G.8265.1 2 G.8265.1 M

2()PTP =X

N ()PTP =X

PTP


55Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

61


QL

QL

PTP

SOOC


SOOC

(PTSF) Slave

PTP

PTP PDV Slave

PTSF

Slave GM

PDV

GM GM

GM

ITU-T G.781

Slave PTSF

QL GM QL

GM

GM

3 1588v2

ITU-T 1588v2

3G

(LTE)

3G

3G

(TD-SCDMA) 2000

(CDMA 2000) 3G

GPS

1588v2 3G backhaul

15882v2

ITU-T

8 [9]

(1) (PRTC)

GNSS UTC

[10]

(2) PRTC

PRTC

1PPS+ToD

(3)

(4) Packet

Slave

1PPS+ToD

SOOC PTSF QL

7 Telecom Slave

GM#1:_GM#1GM#2:_GM#2GM#N :_GM#N

GM

GM

Ql AnnouncePTSF Sync/Delay_Resp

SOOC 1 SOOC 2 SOOCN

SOOC

QLPTSF

SOOCPTSF

SOOCQL


1PTP=X

2PTP=X

NPTP=X

56 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4


62


8 E

N

A B N

PRTC

C D N

PRTC E

N

1588v2

BC TC TD-SCDMA

1.5 us

1 us

4 1588v2

1588v2

PDV

1588v2

OTN, PTN, xPON/

xDSL

1588v2

5

8

GNSS

[1] IEEE1588-2008. IEEE Standard for aPrecision Clock Synchronization Protocol forNetworked Measurement and ControlSystems[S].2008.

[2] ITU-T G.8261/Y.1361.Timing andSynchronization Aspects in Packet Networks[S].2008.

[3] JOBERT S. Challenges with PTPv2 SlavesPerformance Testing and Network PDVCharacterization[C]//Proceedings of the 7thTime & Synchronisation in TelecomsSymposium (ITSF09), Nov 3-5, 2009,Rome, Italy.2009.

[4] FDD node B CES Wander Requirements forG.8261 Deployment Case 2, Application B[C]// ITU-T Q13/15 Meeting,Apr,2008, Miami,FL,USA. 2008.

[5] Latest Draft of New RecommendationG.8260 (for consent) [C]// ITU-T SG15Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva,

Switzerland.2010.[6] xTDEV/MAFE Definitions and Usage for

G.8260 Appendix[C]// ITU-T Q13/15Meeting, Mar 2010, San Jose,CA,USA. 2010.

[7] Architecture and Requirements for PacketBased Frequency Delivery (for consent) [C]//ITU-T SG15 Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva, Switzerland.2010.

[8] IEEE1588 Profile for Telecom (frequencydelivery without support from networknodes) (for consent) [C]// ITU-T SG15Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva,Switzerland.2010.

[9] G.pactiming-bis (G.8271) latest draft ITU-TSG15 Meeting, May 31-Jun 11,2010 ,Geneva, Switzerland.2010.

[10] YD-T 2022-2009. [S].2009.

2011-05-21

A B C D E

( GNSS

)

N( GNSS)

/ /


57Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

Strathclyde 40 4

2009 7103

SDHMSTPPTN10

ZXR1O T8000 100G

2011 6 14

100G EANTC 100G

(EANTC)100G

ZXR10 T8000 (M600016)

EANTC

T8000 IP 2009

T8000 M6000 BMSG

Internet

63

D:\MAG\2011-08-99/VOL17\LEC.VFT5PPS/P

11

TN929.5 A 1009-6868 (2011) 04-0058-05

(OFDM)

OFDM 100 Gbit/s

3 1 2

3

[]

(, 1000871)

ZTETECHNOLOGYJOURNAL

1

(OFDM)[1-2]

(ISI)

OFDM

R.W. Chang 1966

OFDM 1969

Weinsten

(IDFT)/(DFT)

OFDM 1980

3

OFDM [2]

OFDM 1995

Telatar Foschini

OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

20 80

OFDM

1985

Cimini OFDM

1987 Lassalle Alard

OFDM 1991

Cioffi OFDM

(DSL)

OFDM

1995 OFDM

(DAB)

OFDM

(DVB)

(Wi-Fi) (IEEE 802.11a/g)

(WiMAX)(802.16e)

(ADSL) (ITU G.992.1)

(LTE)[3-4]

OFDM

1996

2001

OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

OFDM(CO-OFDM) NEC

101 Tbit/s OFDM [3]

165 km

128 QAM

11 BPS/Hz

OFDM

(SCFDM) 1

Tbit/s

160 km

(MIMO)

(

) OFDM

107 Gbit/s [4]

:

(FDM)/(WDM)

OFDM

OFDM

(PON)

(EPON)(GPON)

58 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

64



10 Gbit/s PON

PON

NEC OFDM

(OFDM-PON)[5]

(DSP)

100 Gbit/s

NTT

[6]

OFDM

(WSS)

OFDM

2 OFDM 1 OFDM

IDFT DFT

(S/P)

IDFT

IDFT

(CP),(P/S)

(DAC)

OFDM

IQ

(RF)

OFDM

IQ

DFT

(FFT)

OFDM

ISI (ICI)

OFDM

DFT

OFDM

ISI DFT

ICIOFDM

DFT

ISI ICI

3 OFDMOFDM

OFDM DSP DSP

OFDM

OFDM

(IM-DD)

OFDM

IM-DD

DSP

DSP

OFDM

[2]

OFDM

OFDM

3

OFDM[2]

3.1 OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

(HDTV)DSLWi-Fi

WiMAXOFDM

NEC 2008

(OFC)

10 Gbit/s OFDM

[7]

OOK OFDM

OFDM

59Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

CP DFT IDEF P/S S/P

1 OFDM

S/P

IDFT

CP

P/S

CP

DFT

S/P

P/S

65


[8-14]

OFDM

RF

OFDM

OFDM OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

OFDM [15]

OFDM

OFDM (DCO-OFDM)

OFDM

(ACO-OFDM)

3.2 OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

(DD-OOFDM) CO-OFDM

2001

OFDM

OFDM

[15]

-(MZI)

[16] DSP

[17-18]

DD-OOFDM

OFDM

CO-OFDM

OFDM IQ

OFDM

OFDM IQ

CO-OFDM

4

DD-OOFDM

OFDM PD

OFDM

DD-OOFDM

CO-OFDM

90

CO-OFDM

DD-OOFDM CO-OFDM

DSP

OFDM

(PMD) CO-OFDM

DSP

DD-OOFDM

MZ

CO-OFDM

MZ

CO-OFDM

1 Tbit/s

CO-OFDM

NTT

[19-21] OFC 2011

11.2 Tbit/s

CO-OFDM [22]

1 Tbit/s

100 Gbit/s

OFDM

-

[23-24]

D. Hillerkuss1

26 Tbit/s OFDM

[23]


60 20118 174 Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4

66


3.3 MIMO-OFDM

THz

MIMO

MIMO-OFDM

MIMO

OFDM

MIMO

OFDM

OFDM

MIMO

A.Tarighat

2007 Communication

Magazine [24]

(MMF)(FMF)

MIMO

MMF FMF MIMO

MIMO

OFDM

[25-29] OFDM

MIMO

MIMO 2007

MIMO-OFDM [30]

MIMO-OFDM

2011 OFC

NEC 355

km PDM-128

QAM-OFDM 101.7 Tbit/s

[3]

3.4 OFDM

OFDM

IQ

OFDM

OFDM

OFDM

[31-35]

OFDM

SCFDM SCFDM LTE

SCFDM OFDM

100 Gbit/s SCFDM

1 850 km, 1 Tbit/s

SCFDM

160 km

4


61Aug. 2011 Vol.17 No.4 20118 174

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