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: ⤯႒ 2014 44 6 : 1253 ~ 1262 www.scichina.com earth.scichina.com Ё᭛ᓩ⫼Ḑᓣ: ᵫᎡ, ⥟ᆙ♸, 䰜⍋⍯, . 2014. ঢ়ᵫ啭ቫ☿ቅऎ⥯⦹䍟⺕㒚㦠ḋᗻϢߚ. Ё⾥ᄺ: ⧗⾥ᄺ, 44: 1253–1262 㣅᭛ᓩ⫼Ḑᓣ: Lin W, Wang Y Z, Chen H T, et al. 2014. Diversity and biogeography of magnetotactic bacteria in Maar Lake, Northeast China. Scientia Sinica: Terrae, 44: 1253–1262 中国科学杂志社 SCIENCE CHINA PRESS ϧ乬 ⧗⫳⠽ᄺ⊓ る㑷㒛ⶻ】㩞㤙㕋儎⽟㤘⪦㻙㉛ⱁ䂚㾵 䈌⤝ ॿฐ ķĸ* , ķĸ , чں ķĸĹ , ૬စ ķĸ ķ Ё⾥ᄺ䰶䋼Ϣ⧗⠽⧚お᠔⧗⏅䚼㒧ᵘϢ䖛おᅸ, Ҁ 100029; ĸ Ё⾥ᄺ䰶Ё-⊩⫳⠽ⷓϢ㒇㉇㒧ᵘ㘨ড়ᅲ偠ᅸ, Ҁ 100029; Ĺ ቅϰᄺ⍋⋟ᄺ䰶, ࿕⍋ 264209 * E-mail: [email protected] ᬊ〓᮹ᳳ: 2013-05-20; ফ᮹ᳳ: 2013-09-30 Ё⾥ᄺ䰶/ᆊϧᆊሔᮄಶ䯳䰙ড়ӭԈ䅵ߦ(㓪ো: KZCX2-YW-T10)ᆊ㞾✊⾥ᄺ䞥乍Ⳃ(ޚ: 41104041)ᨬ㽕 ճݽॿಘণݥصӖণcণcণণণ 4 ৱចܕᄯҨԅ௵৫ տדϣॴཙ൰ඉ. ԨᆐມฑڔࡄГຣҨၽൎပণцݲᄯβӉၽ, ᄯಾ؞ԙҨԅညಽᄵ௵, ႽҨ२ԅ 90%. ဈӮഃD-έشҨ ԅඋ࿓႙ݦԄ 300 16S rRNA ݮ࿙༝ॹ, ອഛ 98%ԅדफγᅹדࢶ63 דफЀᆴӦส, ζੜৱចܕᄯҨပמࠀԅຂහ၂տ. ӖտҨफ௵ (>80%)ᄚၽӦܕϛᄯຣ, ᄚပᄵ௵นൎပণ٫ပ, ࡂܬۦࠒ࿙ᆐד, Љৱចܕ Ҩԅຣӝԙसדϣટಾशڶܤדёڶё٫ලᆴဈԅڴࠒ. 䬂䆡 Ҩ տ ԙसדϣ ৱច ܕᖂ⫳⠽᭄䞣ᑲϨߚᏗᑓ⊯, ⧗⦃๗ব ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳㛑㓈ᣕㄝᮍ䴶থњϡ㔎ⱘ⫼ (Whitman , 1998). 䍟⺕㒚㦠ᰃ㞾✊⬠ᖂ⫳⠽ḋ ᗻⱘ䞡㽕㒘៤䚼ߚ, ᅗӀᰃϔ㉏㛑⊓⺕എᮍᅮ 䖤ⱘᖂ⫳⠽ᘏ⿄(Bazylinski Frankel, 2004). 䆹㉏ 㒚㦠㒚㚲ݙⷓড়៤㒇㉇㑻ǃ䫒⢊ᥦⱘ⺕ᇣԧ, ߚЏ㽕ᰃ⺕䪕ⷓ(Fe 3 O 4 )㛊咘䪕ⷓ(Fe 3 S 4 )(Faivre Schüler, 2008). 䍟⺕㒚㦠ᑓ⊯ߚᏗ⊞⍋⋟ ⦃๗Ё, ⧗䪕ǃ⸿ǃ⇻∂ㄝܗ㋴ⱘ⫳⠽⧗ ᄺᕾ⦃ҹঞ䪕⺕ᗻⷓ⠽ⱘᔶ៤ߚ㾷䖛Ё䞡 㽕⫼(Simmons Edwards, 2007; ┬∌ㄝ, 2004). Ꮖおথ⦄, 㞾✊⬠Ꮖⶹ䍟⺕㒚㦠㋏㒳থ 㚆Ϟ䛑ሲѢবᔶ㦠䮼(Proteobacteria)ǃ⸱㶎ᮟ㦠䮼 (Nitrospirae)᱖ᅮߚ㉏ऩ ܗOP3(candidate division OP3)(ᵫᎡ┬∌, 2012). 䡈Ѣ䍟⺕㒚㦠ߚᏗᑓ⊯ǃ Ѣ⺕ᆠ䲚ḋᗻ䗖Ёㄝ⡍⚍, ᅗӀҹЎ おᖂ⫳⠽⧚ߚᏗⱘᓣ㉏㕸(Lin , 2013). Ў䕗 ㅔऩⱘॳḌ⫳⠽, 䍟⺕㒚㦠гᰃお⫳⠽ⷓᴎⱘ⧚ᛇᓣ⫳⠽(┬∌ㄝ, 2004). 䍟⺕㒚㦠⺕ᇣԧ ㉦ᑺഛϔǃ㒃ᑺ催ǃ⺕ᗻᔎൟ⣀⡍ㄝ⡍⚍, ᰃϔ⾡ᵕᑨ⫼┰ⱘ✊Ӭ䋼⺕ᗻ㒇㉇ᴤ䌘⑤ (Matsunaga , 2007). , ≝⿃⠽ችЁᄬⱘ ⺕ᇣԧ䖬Ў䞡ᵘস⦃๗স⇨বⱘ䞡 㽕খ㗗(Kopp Kirschvink, 2008). お㞾✊⬠Ё䍟 ⺕㒚㦠ⱘ㕸㨑ḋᗻϡҙѢњ㾷䖭㉏ᖂ⫳⠽ⱘ ߚᏗ⡍ᕕঞ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳Ёⱘ㛑, ᇍᓔথ߽ ⫼䍟⺕㒚㦠䌘⑤ҹঞ⧚㾷⫳⠽ⷓⱘ䍋⑤ⓨ 䞡㽕ᛣН, 㗠Ϩ䖬Ѣ䅸䆚䖭㉏ᖂ⫳⠽ܗᕾ⦃ǃস⺕䆄ᔩস⦃๗䞡ᓎㄝおЁⱘ䋵⤂. ᴀおᇍ៥ঢ়ᵫⳕ啭ቫ☿ቅऎ啭ǃѠ啭

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  • : 2014 44 6 : 1253 ~ 1262

    www.scichina.com earth.scichina.com

    : , , , . 2014. . : , 44: 1253–1262 : Lin W, Wang Y Z, Chen H T, et al. 2014. Diversity and biogeography of magnetotactic bacteria in Maar Lake, Northeast China. Scientia Sinica:

    Terrae, 44: 1253–1262

    《中国科学》杂志社SCIENCE CHINA PRESS

    *, , , , 100029; - , 100029; , 264209

    * E-mail: [email protected]

    : 2013-05-20; : 2013-09-30

    / ( : KZCX2-YW-T10) ( : 41104041)

    4

    . ,

    , 90% . -

    300 16S rRNA , 98% 63

    , .

    (>80%) , , ,

    .

    ,

    (Whitman , 1998).

    ,

    (Bazylinski Frankel, 2004).

    ,

    (Fe3O4) (Fe3S4)(Faivre

    Schüler, 2008).

    ,

    (Simmons Edwards, 2007; , 2004).

    ,

    (Proteobacteria)

    (Nitrospirae) OP3(candidate division

    OP3)( , 2012).

    ,

    (Lin , 2013).

    ,

    ( , 2004).

    ,

    (Matsunaga , 2007). ,

    (Kopp Kirschvink, 2008).

    ,

    ,

    .

  • :

    1254

    4

    ,

    ( 1).

    (

    , 1998; , 2000), ,

    .

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    2012 8 6~7

    4 ,

    ( 1, 1). ,

    600 mL ,

    200~300 mL 100~200 mL , ,

    22 3 .

    1000×g 20 min,

    . pH

    - Delta 320 pH (METTLER TOLEDO,

    Zurich, Switzerland) HQ40d (HACH, Loveland,

    Colorado, USA) .

    1

    , 1, 500 m

    HACH DR2800

    (HACH, Loveland, Colorado, USA).

    1.2

    .

    (

    20~50 L), ,

    O ,

    . O ,

    ( 150

    mT), 5~10 min,

    ,

    Olympus BX51 (Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan).

    (Jogler , 2009; Lin, 2013). 2

    1 cm , 1~2 h;

    ;

    , 2~3 h; ,

    ,

    ;

    .

    1.3

    10~20 L

    ( ),

    1 h,

    , , ,

    . JEM-1400 (

    80 kV)

    .

    1.4 PCR 16S rRNA

    10 min

    (PCR),

    - 16S rRNA

    FMTCf(5 -TAAAGCCCTTTYAGTGGGAA-3 ) FM-

    TCr(5 -ACTKCAATCYGAACTGAGACGAGY-3 )

    , 864 bp (Lin Pan,

  • : 2014 44 6

    1255

    1

    (°) (°) pH NO3

    (mg L 1) PO4

    3 (mg L 1)

    SO42

    (mg L 1) NO2

    (mg L 1)

    (mg L 1)

    (ppt)

    (m)

    42.34111 126.38944

    7.95 0.45 0.18 7.33 0.003 0.047 0.21 620 42.34000 126.38694

    42.30333 126.37778

    7.83 0.83 0.16 7.33 0.004 0.053 0.04 714 42.30528 126.38056

    42.41528 126.60861

    7.81 1.63 0.16 1.00 0.003 0.050 0.10 617 42.41667 126.60472

    42.41444 126.47500

    8.02 1.03 0.13 7.25 0.003 0.033 0.12 583 42.41389 126.48389

    2009a). 40 L 20 L DreamTaq PCR Master Mix(MBI Fermentas, Lithuania, USA), 1.6

    L (10 M), 5 L 11.8 L

    (nuclease-free water). PCR :

    95 5 min; 94 30 s, 45 30 s, 72 1 min,

    40 ; 72 10 min.

    3 , PCR

    .

    (0.8%, w/v) PCR ,

    (Infinity-

    3026 WL/26M X-press, Vilber, France).

    DNA , pMD19-

    T(TaKaRa, Japan) ,

    (Escherichia coli)DH5 ,

    Luria-Bertani , -

    16S rRNA .

    1.5

    16S rRNA

    , .

    16S rRNA DNA .

    Bellerophon (Huber , 2004) ,

    . Greengenes

    Classify

    (DeSantis , 2006). RDP s Pyrosequencing

    Pipeline(Cole , 2009)

    98% (operational

    taxonomic unit, OTU), OTU

    . MEGA v5.0(Tamura ,

    2011) ,

    (neighbor-joining, NJ) ,

    bootstrap , 1000.

    OTU Cytoscape

    v2.8.2 (Shannon , 2003) . SPADE

    (http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw)

    Chao1 Shannon

    (Coverage). UniFrac

    (Lozupone Knight, 2005)

    .

    ,

    pH , 4

    (Normalized Euclidean distance).

    Mantel (Mantel test)

    ,

    .

    2

    2.1

    , , 3~

    5 , 550~910 mm( , 2004).

    (

    , 2000).

    583~714 m, 36~115 m,

    24 . (10~20 cm)

    10~20 m .

    1. 4

    (pH 7.81~8.02), ; 0.5 ppt,

  • :

    1256

    . PO43 (0.13~0.18 mg L 1),

    NO2 (0.003~0.004 mg L1) (0.033~0.053 mg L 1)

    . NO3 0.45~1.63 mg L1,

    NO3 ,

    3 . SO42

    , SO42 ( 1).

    2.2

    4

    ,

    50000 ,

    6000, 10000 100000

    /mL. ,

    ,

    90% .

    , 25~110 nm( 2(a)~

    (g)). , ,

    ,

    40~125 nm( 2(h) (i)).

    2.3

    ,

    - 16S rRNA

    FMTCf FMTCr

    16S rRNA ,

    . 300

    ,

    291 16S rRNA . BLAST(http://

    blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)

    , 90%~99%.

    2

    , 500 nm

  • : 2014 44 6

    1257

    98% 63

    (OTU). , 74 ,

    25 OTU; 74 , 18

    OTU; 68 , 17 OTU;

    75 , 23 OTU( 2). 4

    81.1%~89.2%,

    ( 3), ,

    OTU ,

    .

    4 2. Chao1

    Shannon ,

    , ,

    .

    2.4

    63 OTU , 80% OTU

    (51 ) ( 4). , 15

    OTU , 10 OTU

    , OTU

    11 15 . 5 OTU ,

    5 OTU 3 , 2

    OTU 4 ( 4).

    OTU ( 5),

    OTU .

    , .

    UniFrac 4

    ,

    ,

    3 ( 5).

    UniFrac 4

    ,

    pH 4

    (Normalized Euclidean

    distance) , Mantel

    (R2=0.79, P

  • :

    1258

    3

    63 OTU,

    . , 80% OTU

    , 2 OTU

    ( 4). 4 ,

    3 ( 2), UniFrac

    , 3

    ( 5).

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    (Finlay, 2002; Fontaneto, 2011). ,

    ,

    4 OTU

    OTU, OTU (Venn diagram)

  • : 2014 44 6

    1259

    5 OTU

    63 OTU , UniFrac

    (Martiny , 2006; Hanson , 2012). ,

    ,

    , (

    ) (Lin , 2012a, 2013).

    , 4 ,

    131 m,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    . Mantel

    ,

    , . , 12

    OTU ,

    ;

    ,

    (Paasche Lovlie, 2011). ,

    (

    , 1998),

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    (Hanson , 2012;

    , 2008).

    ( )

    . ,

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    ,

    . , 16S rRNA

    “ ”,

    . (

    ) ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    (

    , 1998; , 2000; , 2005;

    , 2007).

    . ,

    ,

    pH .

    ,

    (Pan , 2005a, 2005b),

    ,

    ( , 2004; , 2012).

    , Snowball

    ,

    (Snowball , 2002). ,

    ,

    ,

    (Mandernack , 1999; Kopp , 2007).

    ,

    (Lin , 2012a, 2012b, 2013;

    Martins , 2009, 2012),

    . 4

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    4

    , .

    (1) .

    (2) ,

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    .

    (3) ,

    ,

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    (4)

    ,

    .

    , .

    , . 2000. . , 45: 1553–1557 , . 2008. . , 28: 5571–5582

    , . 2012. . , 32: 567–575 , . 1998. . , 4: 289–296 , Negendank J, , . 2000. . , 20: 78–86

    , , , . 2005. 18.5 ka B.P. . , 25:

    711–721 , , , . 2004. . , 49: 2505–2510 , , . 2007. . , 52: 1285–1291 , , . 2004. . , 1: 55–61 , , , . 2008. . , 18: 312–317 , , , . 2010. . , 31: 450–458

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