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MiNA XANIM T8KL8L! (NURivJ::VA)

RUS DiLiND8TRK SZL8Ri

UA KI - ELM - 200I

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Elnn rcdak tov: Fe.d.pro] , Nizami xuulvuv

Rey i: AZicN-!J. M ilti Ert-mn mxbir iizvii,f e.d., PN?t Nizami C0H) ROV ;re. d.. prof. Yus lf Seyidov

Mlnaxanun T ald al i (Nuriycva). Rus dilindo rrk sii/.!ari . Ba k.:EJII\fl}, lOOI, 352 sah.

Kirabda rus dilinduki trk szk )l'ind

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eson tarixi obyck tivliyin Vd uJaJdlin bu yo lda ilk bdI11,ll dr in t!dJlsaytlmahdtr.

Qrsa zaman furqluri ilu Avropada nusr olunan K .J\..'lc Jlgcsin"lqor alayr haqqm da dastan'tdak r ~Dfq clementlori. M.Faslllcrindrd cildlik "Rus dilinin et imoloji lga ti" yen i va casara tli axta-ns lan n ne ticasi olaraq mcydana ixdi.

Trkolog iya alerninda da rh al oks-sada dcguran , nafis, S8-mim i, cyn i zarnanda dogmaltq , q-xlirbil enlik duygu lanyla yazrl -mis , elmiliklu poelik hisslcrin qov usdugu Oljas Slcyruanovun"Az-Y a'', N .Baskakov un "T rk mnnsul i rus soyadlurt", "Iqo r alu-Y1 haqqmda das tan" m trk Jek sikas t tudqiq luri trko logiya nmfqle nn i birdan-bira gcnislandirdi.

Tanxi-f iloloq al im N.Baskakov ull ister ad! a kilun h;::)-min esc rlerind u, isrersa da bu mvzudak i tanxe sa daqat biss la-riyln yazrlnus digar asu rlnrinda trk xalqlarnnn ruxlartn maddi1,18 mDl18Vi mDdcllliYYDtl

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Millotlerin va xa tqlann bir-biri ila icti ma i-siyasi, iqtisadi ,tanx i. clmi-madani ulaqalnri neticas inda dil le rut da bir-bi rinoqarsthqh to'siri mvcuddur . Cograf ca hutdeu qonsuluqda yasa-yan xalqlarm arasmda olan mxtalif a laqolor cox tab ii o laraq on-lan ditlorino do to's ir cdir , bu dillarda n bir-biri no mxtalif sz-lari n kemnsina sabab olur. Di lda olan b u h ad ise obyckt iv vaqanuuauygun bil' proscsdir. Bunun natleas inde da dnyada ol andil la ri n h a r bi rinde m ayynn qada r al mma s z vo SZ birlnsm a -lori vardrr. Bu baXI111d,Hl ay n ca gt rldkdc Azarbayca n xalq t-mil, muman dcyi ldik da isa btn t rk xalqlanmn qad im za-manla rdan baslay araq onunla qonsuluqda yasaynn xalqlar m dil -lorinu tu's irinin oyrunilib ta dqrq cdilm nsinin ol duqca byk a ha -1l1J YYi.1ti va rd rr. T rk dillori tarix boyunca b ir ox d il ailula ri iloardrc il va mh kem ko ntakti ara rnalik olmusdur .

Turk dili he le qadim zam an larda n slavy an dillarila yaxmcografi mnas ibetlurdn ol musdur va ona gra da biz im qa dimrus va ya slavyan dil la rinde bunun va cyni zamanda di gcrininibtid asltlda ort aq olan sz lar tapa billl1\Jm iz ta a cc bl dcyild ir.M;'-lS;'1\;:m, slavyanlarda Vi) q;'lllill1 ruslarda H"IHl verg i, cin::mllln 'nasll1da Vi) cyni z3mand a trkhHd~l i fc' lin d;,m) ll1a 'nasltlda; OJHlp , OHp ~ rus -larda , bayar (Varh ki~ l , c;,)nab) - trk] ;,) HI ;,~ va b.k, ,>.1

Qcyd ctll1uliyik k. indya qvdar gadi m trk dilla rilv rusd ilnin ,1!aq:Jsi, s lavyan V\J t rk xalqlanllll1 tarixi mnasibutlmiV, l bu mnas ib

I IJ.A.EilCKilKOB. HJf./1 6 i/n. T J1.b i..'jJJ ii/'iCfl lf l ip , (' /'l lJ GUli lU e 11 O(!O,'WUi' lIl1t' pre-("k'O,~O Jl J l>lk'O Ja cnetn Jall.'1 CII/II OaOIfUll IU Jl 1b/ K OfJ HI (/4 aocmU'iHOc.'1I16"" ClW:X IIJI>I K

I IJ,K l n ' " T i. TII""'/ Gim.i'yinin " AlonqoM.m q;Ib.7qkl /il(.'/.',7 }l {)1.'71YiH.J:J I !fii rk I711;,.I I'J) fodq iq" '1 b.lri"/;l fi'Y", IJ.?\': Trk di//nrinm /i/l'i.\I Vi-' (h l lc),l(l /UP IYill lfJllJh k m l ,lt/: R ,;' I. { '1S6 ..~ 'Jo.

,7,

mua si ba tlaru gz yum ulm usdur. Pro f. Tofiq Hacrycv in helabirtum fh lik uam ki trk dillarmin mezmunu va sa viyyosi haq-q tnda qcyri-rcal resovvr yaratrms. ham da hu dil le rda dam sarixalqla nn Sarq in siyasi xuri tusi ndo ki ycri ni dumanh gs to rm is- \ ' kimi khnu epiterlor hadisolorintesvirina do qadimlik, esrarongizfi k verir, tb-kcan gnlcrintrk ruhu hopen tebi i sa hna iann i canlandmrdr. Kazaklar,Hact Murad, Scvastopol hcka volori , M csanin qmlmastVu s . kimi bi rbasa Qafqaz , 0 cum lnda n trk-msolman hoyau ilobi levasite bagh Dso 1']8 1' va radan L.N .Tolstoy br n mru boyuSerqin bitib tu kenm ayo n zu ngm fo lklor XDZlll l.iS11lU muraciot et-misdi. Hele 1 8 62~cl ilda pcda qoji j umala alavu ola raq CYB I aul ada rxan Yasnaya Polyana kitabasmda iki arab nagrh dureolunmusdu. Hc kay al ar M in bil' gcce nagrl lannndan g trul -msd.? Y az tuun Krcyscr son alasmnda XV fasi l I'ozdnrscvinqisqanchq haluu, psix ologiyas.m nks ctdira n monoloq u bcloba91aY111111$ - (bu mntn axmnc i rcdaktay e dsmcmis): 51 np nny-

\ 13..JI nee castue Jl CB03 MO>K llblC 1IJlyrn l1 c ce CTOpOllLI. 51 no-l10 3 p e BaJI cc B TOi\.I '-ITO , COllceT110 eKa3aTL, '-ITO a lla, KaK 3T a ua-

PHua TL10l'-Ia Honua no-n. 113 r-.1 ClI 51 CT xnr c J/O l..JTIl Ha MOI1X rna -3ax, ClI1C51Ch n a).lO M Il OIO . 13llllun[a To b tay na glilll b(l~lallgJclJl dakl hckayatdv $;)hr iyar ~ah VIJ qarda$m naglima lllraci,11 Cl111,)kJ;Jrus Pozdl11~evin ruhi haY, 1,(1"/;1 ,,(ia l' lJr>! poclIla/ani/1/! quhrullli/li/;m'!lr., Ba x: JeiiJelllllJP :J.3, Jo.~!>".wp /iOpoJoc BOC/!/OKO c mcop'wcl/l rle J {, f!. TO,'IC/!/INO,"CO(I{'JIICKO(' flocll1onm"elllu'>J, 1'J85. .'\p6. c,57-65.

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nn in suratl erindon Muruqovun ni tqinda trk hayat tarzini andt-ran hi r nc a tr!OZ1l1 islu unak la: Ho KCCHH51 BaCHJILCBlIa, Mbl)JOiBCM IIC R roprax, He B xufirrrxax , IIe B marpax - esline yurt,kibitka (strtt trk arabasr) va sater - rus di/inde oxdan i~ ~lonen trkizmleri hilarakdon islatmek!a medani hoyaun varh-g11l1digor qcyri- sivil huyau k ori hoyaun, anima yaxsr tal11dlglheyaun atributlart ili:l mqayisada canlandmr .

Xalqm tanxi, Ol1l111 hnyaunda, inkisafi, maddi modoniyyatinmunularinda V8 cdobi abidolarindo, senedlorinda Vu olbouodilindo eks olunur. Tarixun rus di !i iin anlasiqh olan, onlannbolad oldugu pasa sz rus dilindo tam qavramldrgi ndrki, zaruri, bo'zi hallarda isc ovczcditmcz vahid kimi zn gstarir.M.Lenll nlovl.1n qazab va reossfla yazdtgt Olvida, nlvida , kirliRusiya se'rinda isla tdiyi pasa sznn maraqh taleyi vardtr.

Hbllll b ..1tO.JfCCIIl, 3Cl cmenou Ka6Ka3aC OKjJOIO Ch (JIII lIleOIlX nGweu

Ovve lki nns rlar dn pasa e voz ina gah ar, gah vojdg (roh-bar) szl ari i$!;.lnmi$, nah ay at pasa sznn islenmosinininand mcth gr (sairin masirlan de pasa isletmi s) naticas indeHl sz qalnusdrr. Odur ki. .se'r 1890-Cl ilde 3-c nesrda (el'yc-.:rmH apXHB, 1890 , KIl.3 , .Nal l } aruq pasa sz saxlamlmaqla~l p olunur . Bos ~J i ri ll /m ndml kcull illar orzindu dayi~anvariantlar haqqmda 11;) dCl11uk mmkndr? Lermontovun hayatV ;) ya rad lclhgmm tadqiqisi .L.Andronikovun fikrinca, pa~a s-z krm8 l11e'naS1l1ua lllo 'nasma daha ox uygun galir. EI

Hom do 11

Hekayadaki trk n qanh muhanbudu iurdiyi og lunun achYusifdir, Yazi r BUIl IJl bun U da bihr. ogul dordr ilu uec a -unduziz tirab ekan Y aqub u da. timum busuri ctiqa dd a kk salan azul iinsan facie smin 0I1 ;~ lllgllll da. uundo \'OX s" yahall;JI" cumsyazrr onun Z de rdun rus osgarlorino bil' sorq Isliqanhllg l vaacrq ilraklihyi ila ncca nagll ctdiyini, asgerkm nsa onu dolayibale saldrguu grd kda iki rasovvr. iki z idd olan (miiqayisu butoraflerin biriui n xey rino o hn asa da ) qvva grr. G" I1lJ Istanbu-lun yanmdan geen kcarkan onun s rrl i. nagrl vari gzi:l lliyinll1 50-yuq, dardli fonunda ara derdden. tztira bdan scsi ki:}sil;)-kasila:

~c Yu-suf)) - dcye agmr. Onuu oglu nyalotdon gulib qan h harbalsianbuldan yola d~lll~u . Yazrr Bunin Orobisum bilir. A/.OJr-baycatun qanlr ca bbel c ri dil 01, osvrill( io byiik1Il

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Jvf.Qorkinin mash ur Sahin llilgm' ISi)) nsuri . oz nn dcdi yikimi , aslinda tatar nagmasidir. Yazrt z bu malm uu K mmdacsitmis va onda diga r So rq qi ssa lori nda oldugu kimi boytik hik-mat Vu me'na g nu-d .

Ru siya 18I 2-cl il muharibusin da qazandrgr q;) I ~)bas lyla zmvqcyi ni Av ropamn g z ndo burk idn bi ldikdan sonra kiikYuna urstan esr lor boyu boslediyi impcriya nYYiJ11;Jfl o qd-ra tli, oxasrlik d vlo t cl an Osman f impcnyasrua mcydan ox u-mag ba stadr. Tczhk lu Rusiyadan gc va ilham alan. al du-qa yrrma azadhq m bari zlnri yetisdi . Osmanh zlmna qarsrbu lkalarda giz li cabheler arldr. Balkanlar od !u kro kimipartlarnaga qalxnu sd rlar. Bolqanstan tam inqilabi veziyyatoget in lmisdi.

Taassf ki, bu oyunc aq idcyala nn esiri olan gcl. me unadam lar. onlarm badii surotla ri rus od e biyyatuuu uzal eclniimuuala rinda grnr. Yaxsr ki, hu oda bi qa lu-clln:nlar:n~OX llbas fan nut balasrm g tr b (daha gc l, tamiz, taru e nnasrz qar -d l ~ duygu lan yla deyil) qardas kmayina tolosulor. Mnsalan,T urgcnevin Dm itri Rudi ui ( IK, '-{a11Ma, 311M

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I, I~ /(aif.H "'WI' :I/.. !/'J(!!Jilllllbli' HjJOI13CCr)('IlI ,H, c.374. I- Ba,\": .l /n l;; anlal11l1lJadlr: K(j ~ k liJr, sarayJar t(,~

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rcapn.mcapnii. T)'1\-j(] J! (duman I, -ropfia. }!]1 1)!;lrg;lll l- 1(l IPIII 1'! ,r-vpr.xra . rcaiiran. TCCh ),W . 111,\[11

I Enx: Zi/J/llil oJ 11.7C1ynfl , i lk imiJd!111;Jbidn!imIJlJ7in ilf :w ik IF /l IIIIII kk.,ik-scIIUlJlik l'l-slls~YJ'nrliJfi !lakl, /997, s(" I' .

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Dogrud ur, har hanst fonctik fa rqla r dedikdo bu V 8 ya digarturk dil la ri aynca naza rda tutulrnauusdrr. Masolan: Azarbaycanturkcus inda xancar tsi volo rda xancal ) islanrnnkla yenast rusdilllldak ( kinjal s71in esl indan fonetik fbrql i szler su-asmadaxil cun ak ;1

III

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soz la, yad saslar di hn Z sosfen do uvez olunur. Orafik ma-nimsumo zam am da ycnn bem in scnlor!o trk 1ll ;Jll ~ 8 1i atmmasz rus al ifbasr iJ ~iJk li ndv

keJ11i~dir. Rus dilind8 mhm, z\;-Jruri szJvrdan olan $an l\'a rtrk izmi Qafqazda olan ToJstoyun , Kupr nill, Polonski nn VI b.asarlarnda ~a l "a r kimi i ~ l ,)d i l i r ; XBl1J1KHIl J1C}K,UI B J TO HpC/I,!}JHa wmaIIC B KpaCIJL1X Ka Hayc OBI,IX UI

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uepc nztcxo ro nocn a Xocpon Mup'u.i: )1( 11 1-:111 ;!(YJIIII

1938

Bu sz qarb i slavyanlarm da diliuda kepen palto :;;vkl ilJ-' Ccyuunncr, apar, qasrd: j.~a C TC!>H1 ac CCYIIWH KH OT lIXda yasayrr.! KDQ-da kupanuk yapmcr is todilmi sdir (IX boy). i Jl MIIT p llCB-== =-1

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u anma. KOJI6aca RlIllJWI. 11"ICTiUII KCl (0511q). Ka6 ::J. 1l. C,15;1I1, ecu-juora , 'rapax an. RUI M :l (qiymu tf da~) , xtaayr, caparhau . KOJll I3 K.urya. nruuan.rp, raacn. xoxryr va s. usit trk s zloridrr. Oxlindabu, dilimiza qayrdrs kimi qiym utl e ndinlm ulidir uks tuqdirda bugcnis ictimaiyynt te refindon rus szloriuin dil imiza aXI~ 1 kmiqa bu l cdi la bilardi. Bu hal hamm s zfonu qodim rus nhmnasiol mast. dilimizi u zndc iso ox dan p

!~ B.clahkl~ , s zyaratma imkanlan aluuu a s zlerin daxiJ olJ Mil ), TYMi.UlIla}/ L:U..H:i

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TeMH3 .s1; KO'lh - KOYCBa Th , KO'/CBLe, ll OJlYKOI/CJla51 ()1(ll3I1b), xo-uyrounui (uapon) , KOllCUKa vu s. Faktl ar gostarn- ki. sozvaratmatiplerinin rus dilini n biitn inkisaf bovu daha murni va daliae:tibaril tipi - trk leksik clemcutturi as asmdu yaran an mxtolifsifat formalarm m \'11I ~'

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aJ Ja6ep DHHK, a.lIa6cp DU1I1 K, ana ficpnoa nnuc (hanusr a labcrdu ilasi lahla nnu s ada m) : aTa ~laIi CTBO . xaunam.mr. noaxaunant.mucrarapnn (bitki), KYHiIllKa>l , c a r aiina -mux. M

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(eLPJI>! 1.255). - Ml)I 11f J1t:T C IJ) ' l1I1 -PC311Bl Ta K iKC n p o CTO. 111\ Sl pnCJlam.:K;\H GaGana oroPO).I,C cpCJacr K

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Nabat leksemi rus dilind ., hundan basqa qey ri-adi ha llarda-. ynugm . mhuribu arm v.uau. xalq huyucanlan zam aru zangalmaq (51 r.nr Y unc B r OCT RX K01) ta nnpyr aafiun nuf iar IJ neetpO CIIJlll CI> K O" II:JM (IJ)'Jl 11 11 . J IOJllll uii uac} . xuba rdarhq. clocotb dcdi qodu. bos bognzhq cuno kla hay-ky salmaq ma'nal a-nnda ox isluni hr: JKC IICKIIC }fl1>IKIl 61>IOT B naar ( 4CXOB. Oe-K0 1l"1r

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~1l.1ll ) d. ~~iJ di ' (~ICp :.I,; rn. IJ h:YJJ

IJlJ IK acno ..-rro nptrmanarru nee . A ]01 paTHhlif 'r an an npotnanocsxtuornc ( l~aJJ;1I 110H Jl Maprha-H ocannutta rn.12). Tal:tll rus xalq~a rad t cl ll g II11 ~ lij ll Istlq all1

i BO)lOeM (Fpnoenoe. 3pIlIlaJlCKIlJi rtoxo.r). Mayak mo'nas m-da: rus dilins ma xsus azizl ome Vu kiiltma sakilisi ila: Taxr T") ICTO p'lHT 113 BO)lLI 6eJIa,\! 6aWCHKa Jlcannpa (Eymrn J m n'n as mdan dogmus dur.

Sekli oxsarbgma gra 6allJH .II rus dilinde bitki adma da 'evri la bil misd ir. }3aLUcHHua adlaudmlan S7. trkc

, i altmda ovv al rus dvlutinda fcoda!. \' j ' boyar t c rl111ll 1 , . , 'Rus dl JOt d _ I d vlat idaresiudu apanet :-1-

r- j ks k zadagan ntu 11 . 0 v~a11liYY11 111\11\.1,) manaca' , I I ). bartn oyar \,,-) \(1"q IZ)}) aso run a I;) Ll '". .. Bb l nncnn.. 'ITO COt llJlC TC' di .. s sie nr A 11 3 110 Jlhi C , ,..aru q d51 11 1.11'11 11 111 1151nu JTO ncno? (rn .V, ril 6 . l ) .zla ri tromuisdu (bu da ba-vo G05lp bIllJH5I ( S01~ralar ". a,p~~~ : I5Irl:fIJ~i a clondirir) : ,ua 11 npn -rin sziinn boyardan torn I~ r: LJ1"L L~ llJll l 60}IPl>lIU llC nnxc -

11YCCKOll oo: ,Jll P IHO nu. cynapsrn , . 6 " Mil JII

t ..t avka-~ayka ad lanan hu yuu-

i:3hillBfilla hClI ~n _c tmukd~I~ (; I Sownralar da uzun illur bu gHI! I,;il\ -3ypll il 6bI1l B 10 epe - i s 0 p CiKJIC HCiK C11 11 :'11.1 II X

, -rop st c p aCCCHmlCL TI ~HLIX aurs upuee . Ka . ' Xlll ): 0 11 HIUl11CH na cnunp-

(K as esas 1I.0 'lK3, 111 . ,)'B1I.nann arurr maiix u It cnona naunn 3110 -6p aJI TaM nonu c " ,CKliX m uonax, CO. '.. 3n oJl e ieTBo n

J H.J: CV6cmC~'ml Jl IJOiJ "O'/llc' lIJli> JIJ83. .\ ~3 . c.15 J().

~ Rus dil ind e q arga anlanunda rus sz vo ron n is tectifir.

IQaq~a sz hcyvan (qus) ma'n as mda yo x. bo~bogaz, bndxuberDla'nasJ da~IYIL Szn scm ant ikasmu g ra d ildu bu nadir hadisu -lardan olsa da szn sas tarkibi deyi silm edeu onun hcc iqi ma'.nast dayisila bil a r. Turk mensalt rus qus. he vvan adl aruuu 1,1 (K YIIPllll. Kuxcpa) . La qub : Y O)l HOr O H3 0((011 mosner-oKOpJlIIOp8, aa xiancru-tour )KenTblM llIKatllJfKOi\I, nOMC1lI3CTC}JOTCTaBHOJ.J BOCHHlti C ouem, ccp t.eam.nt BLIpa)J{cHHCI>f. Il pncny-ra nana CMY npo:3BaIIHC h,,1J1 h IK (Jlecxoe. DOJlynOHJHlIKm,) ,Rus dilindo bu szlo bagh Bahk, Bahko, Balrkov, BaiJ kin fa-miliyalan vardIr (Cyncp811CKa~I. .. 72) .

H 3l ,'1 - ziinl sz 1113n~l y i n3 gra iimum1rk leksi-k

JIl1'llf KC (V.S .Mikla~cvJa Tebrizdon 3 dckabr, 1825 tarixli ma k-tubund an) .

Rus dilinde islanan bil' qisim sz, 0 c rnlada n napsta 6~:j l ['~K IIJ.~()I\I , _Tf OTf OIl kirni s zlor J\J3TCp lm, pt.ra , BUHOrpa.lI.;T3031( sozl~n.l;) yanas! islanilir va onlan har ycrda, hom ise a vaz

~d bl.l n.~Ll dlym;) g? ra n?a'naca da onlard an fe rql enir. Oger P b I-O~): ~lItun bahq nvlerinin h a l111 S1111, ann or pan mey volordonbirinin ad1111, Ta6aJ()) isa btn ttnlori n adnu ifada ed irsa '

b ~.l hl, cTapa5/ Kapni? - Hc BbITCp n CB, 3aKp H'--l aJI el1

CO~)li1T (Y cnCllCK1I11 . ~ -===--

ij

I, Rus dilinde qarga an lammda rus soz voro na: i~ I, ,(1iJ i r .J Qaq~a sz hCYV311 (qus) ma'nasmda yox , bo~boga7, bndxuburIma'n asi dasty ir. Szn scmantikas tna gr,) di lda hu nadir hadi so -lardan olsa da s zn sas tarki bi dayiailmadan onun hoqiq i ma' .I

nasi dayisila bilcr. Trk mensoli rus qll~. hcyvan adlantun ar-(heli tadqiqattst Sctarov Rus qll~ adlarmda trk leksik clement-

I lori adh maqalasinda yazrr: Bizim fikrimizca . qarga szn-i do le 'natlomek mo 'nas i qarga V8 bayqusun rgulanm bod -

baxtliya yozul masr vo bu qusl arm bad ugur ol mclan kcyfiyyot-lori nat icesinde onlar haqqmda inanclarm neticosi kim] Y(lJ(111 (yasl i, qoc a) s zn dak i111;)'na ila alaqalondirmuk cnhdi (bu maqaladnn on il uvvulyazdtgi diger maqalasinda de bu {ikirdadir] bizim fiktimi zca ,inandmc r dcyildir. Sadnca , l1{)Z,)[ alaq ki. rus dilina qan VGqanmaq t rkizmleri kememisdi r. Rus dilinde bu szn digermo'nasmdan da istifadc olunur : Kapra - )KCJIC31I,Ul csca CoCrpb1MI1 KOl lliaMIl, 3a611BaCi\la5J Tl 6pCBlIO . CBJ13allO JTll r.IOJlOnl -' ICCK Jl C K3pra Bopolla (LJaCIIlcp 2,196.

IJ"l.llhIK-COJl CH3 )] cnlllllla}j 'ltiCTb OCCTpOBO(] phl6hl. Trkdil1;:) rindan allllllladlr knm-lal., azarb. , qljJ., qazax ., karaim ba-luk

[zn 11310M CU , 113fOMlfJIKa, In IOM ll h ln , cleca do frazcoloj i vuhi d-

tn : He qill; I_' /~ .' I_~(,1 , 1.)J': " I'IJ.' / f>t-II W

~lf i cnan xni aanax llYXOB. 11 cute 60JlcC J1YPM'H1n ll~" j i :~a ll ~xonoc... (5yHlI lI . Hrn ar ). Darmau-zohor. zehorli raadde:. .. 311 rJll IH.na nanonaaer nypxranoxt cnocro M)')Ka 11 npn xonur K311f MYIIllY (Ton cro. ( 4 TO TlIIbIlJCX /,m 'WI . .It.. "A:Ic:J(~ JIi("('cm .,;,''''WH.1U111"I"I"'.17'o" 1'J6~196j. 111".11 ~. c.J 11_

!biyyat tarixisi, biblioqraf, memuarist Rusiya lrnperiyast BasM3tbuat idarasini n rai si Mixa il Nikolaycvi Lonqinov Lermon-tovun hayati VD eleca de Qafqazm on a ta'siri ndan bahs ederakyazlrdl: Ma'lumd ur kr, Qafqaz va G rcs tanm Lcrmontovun

, ilhanu na ncca gcl ta'siri olmusdur. 1-JaCl Abrck D emon,I

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Lev Tolstovda hotta I laCI Murad ve dignrluri. c1 ~)C, ) (1\) ycrl ixa lqlann niimayan uluri ila yan asi bu yerlerdo maskunlasdml-mts kazaklar bek), tu rkca dan rsul ar (Lukaskal: Alla cc nu. - p u-uan 0 11, nop.m ancs . Elacn du Cny 6YJI (6Y)[1> 3J\OPOB),. - cxa'ranEpouuca )'Jl bI6 a 51Cb. Onun osarlorind oki ka7a~ l~rlll dtlll~ .d ,) _kos-~i ldi , alla n~z l ~lsUJ1, lI ydc l1l~~da ll1 i ). Alla b irdi V,) s. szlur vaifadalar vctilmis. , ..

Dcdik ki , Azarbaycau trkcasi bu zaman Qajqazl1 ~ .1.~U ~ - ( ;.1~rak dili. dernek ola r ki. yeg anu anlasma vas ttas t idi. I.m:~ dil inagrllarda , mahrularda tasvir olunan hayau ~ fad I(r py"311IlCKllC \leCIII I) ~I H! (UIII 0 .1f H (Bax: u. cpecacn. Ilyw-](1 111 B >KJlJllll, c.72).

Bu za man rus dilin do yaz tlan badi i usarl a rda bu mhitdantxrb vay rlnn unk sozluri aX1Il1 msahide olunur; trk dilin tn bi l'cox zung ju clc mcntluri muhz hamin yazrr lann asarlurindansonra rus dilindo gorub aruuaga baslaytr.

Qafqa za srgunu gnda ri lmis dckabrist adobiyyatrA.A.B cslujcv-l\1arlinski 8 il azarbaycanlrlann arasmda yasaya-raq. () qodur onlara qnynayr b qansnusdr ki , Azurbaycan dilinabsbtn yi yalun mis Vil oz a sorlarinda on lann hoyatuun parluqrunglorini uk ntisdi r.!

Qnfqaza yaX';;l bul ad 0 1

,/'I

utaq, iqarat (ima rat), kala-bek. tapaudja . eqer (yahar}. krzrl qyul-lar, krzrl kus, urek , qarami (haranu), bcreke t, karavas. pcskcs.aqa, komus (qopuz), bclad (bo'nd i}, uoqul, aqalar. coxJq sa.qakim (hakim], xaram-zada, t , '; , pul, kara pul, nogat (nq tn) .menzil, badj i, xatm, alma-dolma. xtnkal , rop i-basi. bayrax t .kalyan, samxal, qasil (hosir), kul luxi. ayvan ... aYrlca ifadolor:alla-val laqa , xos qya ldin , saq olsun , djamm . kurb an uu . qYOZUlllusta, bastm usta , saytan aparsm, and ic rim. zulmat kimi. buyu-run efendilyar, rnenun biyukum. it ugli, bulbul zatnam (ganclikdvr) ... aynca cmlolcr: taxsu-umdun ke, a kapi ni axmu ax trt(orxpo ztacpi. lIaKOIIcu); para-para cylardim ; duz-urck koyqozlcrin tutsun; tez git, tcz: utanmaznusm? Qcrck didi : kulak as,kardaslar. na adamdur bu? va s.

Bunlarla yana~l, rus dilinde bil' nca yzilliklur boyu mh-kamtonmis tiirkizmlariu ycrl i dantsrqda farqli , lakin asil -orijinalvariantlan da yazruun diqqntini calb ctmi sdi: WiUJBap (ui a -p o -nap), 'lyxa ('-l)'1IKa) , 1\rIIJl (nacnrur), -raxan (uraxau ), CCHp (5JC" P,nnen}, KJlCa (KlJCCT), aparta (apfia) ncpxt au (JlYPI\ 1

I/IiIi,

k - l: Bc stuj cv-Marl inxki (ja fq k>' sznii ctnoqrafik. . l d' Mlkl I "a m \", v - - _

nna beyran qa mts _ ' _ I - at lan qabaqk t trkl.uin ;lll , l l -. . \" . -1-' 1 .dir: bUIS a1111 VY

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X1f. Bu zaman 0 asi l s ima kimi ll1~rkkab tarix i h u, ' , .k . dr durur Bu hertarai foal iyya t onun ya radtc.."d lg llH.lamar azm ;j

i cl, siliumaz iz qoymu~dur. Qriboyedovun damstq u.s l~Jbul1a~3rq szluri. bashcas' trk s zlcn ~ Azorbaycanla tamasdan do-ban trk szlc ri daxil olm. ." ..e Qriboycdovun z asarJarind i~l;:)tm,~y;) ba~lad lg1 turk. so.z.-lari rus adobi dilindo m hkam vc snbit yen olan ull~~~ :n .l_ .h ~ l .~kizmlor suusmda tamam yen! gninan, tam farq laua n s07 1\.)]d~l .bambak (pambtq}, kounua, cnam (onam ), fe rm,a ll , bU,Dl .( Ikl) .cpar. cparxana, arvadar, iass kul (Y -=====-_",

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Badii adobiyyatda ckzotizmla rdun isti fudu masol ns: bir sr-ra szlarin ifada etd iklari semanuk x sus iyvoenn ckzotik xa-rakterda olmas t ila baghdtr. Ekzotizrulurin islodilmasi ycrli vumilli xiisusiyya tlari canl andumaq mcqsed i dastyrr. Odur ki .ekzotik leksika rnxtulif xalqlara aid ctnik anlayrslen yaxmla sdt-ran linqvistik vasita kimI maraq dognnlr. 1 IJu rno'nada L'Tol s-toy , A.Kuprin , A.exo v, F.Dost oc vski , V.SolJoqub V,1 b. Y;IZll-lann dil indo islenen ekzotizm saciyyali nmu nulorin zul1ginl1yivo ifada xsusiyyotleri maraq do gurur: - J< IHl3h , aunancpnrt! -5IKlllH OJJ, - OTBe111Jl Hnaccpa.n c II IfOKlIl'JJCJl C llHt-1 nJ lHOM (Kvn -pliH. 5IMa) . Belo leksik valudler dilda hil avas ita surut n aidsituativ seraiti ifado ctmok 1L ya'ni biluvasitu surotin pxi xo-loj i vaziyyatini , daxili alemini caulaudmuaq maqsud ilu isla dilir.

A~agldak! misa l dediklarimiza yax~1 sbut ola bi lor: H l' Eaiiry-3Hll, .51 ac e 1c651 KaK 'cICJlIJCK npouiy. Hl' npocm, Ka K 'J CJIOBCK, 3HC KaK na-ram.nnx . Ha-ram-muc iioic . nOI1l 1 !11 ~l C ll1 b . Y Tc6 .11 O-rCll -TO eert. a MO)l(CT 6b1 Th, n una CCTb ? - Il p llG a BHJJ Oll Bcnm.11J 1l13cnyqaiino, 'ITO no TaTLlpCKI1 t-1 3T h -Jmaii . H B,IIJ1yT OH maporuvn,YCJlbl111aB C33 nl1 CC6H xpnnnt.tii u -rouxnii ron oc : l-luaii cctr,(A.J

il

ss I /" " /. /O/lII. . {'C(;O , J/C~TlIKo - c('Mm!mll '{c ('J'-oe paJ6 111/111e IiI /(JP KCK/fX !/{/ J GaJ lllii ZQ,W 6/ / I>IX1ti 01'0i: (; 1') '1'1'1.'0 .11 JlJI"~T. "CoriCI/IC"OR /JIIOP/o,"().10c' WIII, },f!5. / 978, c.2 1.

84

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FDostoevskin in liil;:-lr cvin dan qcy dla r asa riudo dus -taqlann lsamn mvlu du bayranu e ra tosindo bark sa rxosluqlan-run sahidi olan tusalman dustaq bu eyba carliklnri grb ta:;;v i~ ,)dsr : Bcc uepxecu ycennc s Ha Kp L1JIC4 KC 11 C JIl0 6 0IlbITCn W /l1, aasrecrc 11 C HCKOTOpLIM Ol\lep3CHHCM CMOTp CJIH Ha I1h 5Illhrif I1

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JIH , na KOTOpOl\! auccn u KpCCT 11 BCll repCK,UI stenur n. (J I.ToJl -CTOI1 . Ceeacr on on B aJ3 rYCTC 1355>,). (Tasuk - adon.n gccu ba-sa qoyulan toxunmus vo ya paradan uk ilmis papaq. araqll1ADiL, 4, s.175). O n!dl 1-13 IUiX C epno fioponoii, B KpaCIIOHdrecxe Kp a CIIBhIH MY)f('IHHa, f i-rn BIICpC1ll1 scex (Yenc orada). ABbT TaM B crcnn , rO JlOBY 6PHJlH, J1 HOCHJIlI 'no ercxy? (H.JJcc-KOB. Ouapounnm.r CTpaJlJlIl K). Bu SOIl Ull CU misalda osorin xu-ratlarinden clan Scvcryamm tatarlar tutufin dun tululuraq onia-nn iiuda yasadigma isara olunur . I3 a~ 1ll1 qnxmaq kimi tbc-tcyka geym ok d'3 tam ctnoqrak sociyycli rcaliyadrr.

m umiyyatl a, bu qm]) rcaliyalar (qeyd ctdiynniz kentekst-dal rus dilino kean trkizmlar iarisinda zlarinin ctnoqrnfikxsu siyyetle rina grn qiym atl andirili r. Mnsolan . rus dilinde is-1;)11 \J J1 trkizrul ar snnsmda salvar, basmak z grn$ xsus iyyo-tin i zaman kcdikce itira da bil ir. Amma qeyd ctdiyimiz taktlar-da vak, tusok, fa s, tb ctcvka trk xa lq lan arastu dn hans! sukil-da ma'lumd urs a, eyni coh o er!o do dax i! oldugu xalqm rnuisu -tinda yasarmsdrr.

Bu trkiz mlor srrastna konkro t rcaliyalar ifada c1l1luY\JJ) Vurus ohali sinm hayati iln claqcsi olmaya. buuunla betij oir srratarixi as arl a rda va mvzu te lobi ila mcydana rxan szlor daxil-dir . Kumus, avus , al kurn n, qa rc m ... quhiliri dun ohm bcluszlar tarcma olun mur. T rkizmlariu hu qrupu kitab dil indn nkanara lXJ bilmir va y alruz savndh oxuculann kiik dairnsi nduislemuesi miimkundr.! SClllantik dByi$l1F4lv r da Ill~ahid,) edi-lil'. Mas alan: basur man sy~nnmslJIlllan ollllayan lan n barIC MCCTa MeKKY H MC}lHHY (Qri-bocdov. V.K .Kxclbckcrv 27.X1.25 tarixli moktu b).

Ru s dilinde islon en trk m ansoli realiyalar leksik -semantikcuhatdon ruxtalif nVB b ln r:

1. Mill i yeme k-iki nvlerinin adlanm bildiran realiya-tr-kizmlcr: pil av, xalva, sorbet, raki, kayrnak, ikir , kumts, urek,narq ilc (qa lyan], raxat-lukum, SIUq , arak. BCJIHKaH DIHYJl li 3nero t ll iKHpb 11 CnCJlaJJ xnre HCCKOJlbKO nortpocon, na KOTOphIX01'BC'l aJI .si c no' rr cmr cx r 1l0 )J.o6acMhIM era 3BaHHIO H pocry(Llyuncnn l lyrcur ccrnnc B Ap3YPYM BO Bp CI>Ul noxcjta 1829 ro -nn}; (PO;\-llllJl Klllla aa llJl XlJp Cl\1 YCJlaJJ, ero epen 6bW (Ka3aKlI) ;ll a IIOJIOBlII IC nopcru. B ap xtan cxofi nepenne. Bb lCTpOCTllI O Bropax Ha fi cpcry p C11KlI, BMCCTO oea a CLCJl .si n poKJI JJTh1l1 "110 _pcrc, apl\OIlJCKHii xnef (cf Iyrciaccrenc B Ap3PYl'm). Hy, JI Y' II11Crhl oficna na 61,1 }WM

I'I1

ka lyan i, nukcr Imuhafiza i . n ka r). du st . kalvar Ixal var] . pu l.kara pu l, kabm (kabm]. A .Kuprinin Dma-atas asunnda yaz i-iyla g rscn erab ogfan Dmuya o fandi dcya ruracia t cd ir:rJ PUMIi /KC, J TOT .nar t lilCHfl Tl, 11 , eCJIII xou enn., n a n Mll e n p m OTn a e aM OC MaJlOC npCM11. n ('~ k c~/ flqkq: liirkizmi allahui boxsctdi yi , ha diyyasi va insanlarm z aralannda olan nnlnasibou bi -ri-birina vcrd iklori hadiyya , s irinl ik anl aml annd a isnfad a ed il-misdir: K cxacr s:o. MaJl"j,tIll K 1l011paRIIJlC1/ cuocxry 110110:\1)' X03Sl"-u ny - LfCJlOneKY, KCTaT If cmapuony. - 11 TOT, nponnn neer, c uon( npyron y K)'IlUY, nsmpocnn cce Ma Jlb' lIfKa R KCl ' ICCTBCcmxcma, BblpaCTIf JI e r e B caocn none. opaaoean (Kynpuu.l lyrceuc xapnmxn): A K HC:' I Y noen)', nonapex. nCJII KCIIl CBC])'(

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c " lIij GhJlJ e1 C10 I11"YKa, Ge3 ra.IICT)'Ka 11 C3 cuncra B Olll ll i XTOJJJ,,, O unrpoxnx uram. uapax C Kp aC Il LIMll naanacaeru . (Fluc ea -CKHii . l i o apntuuc) . Aksakovun Baqrov -na va nin usaqhq il lo-r i usnnndo: 0 11 6 1>111 Ol tCT B maxuu 11 B unr po-raiimue t1J11I CCO-D1,IC lIJaJlBa p LI; Kuprinda : 011 JlI06wl. .. n es Iiaxtpnu. paea n-IJII I.X 1l~IJlOC " 11 ucrru B orucxpacnu UBCT 11 HOCHBW II X uransa-p ..1(CYJla~ ll ll l l) .

v] Rus dil indo Z scm anu k va riant lar ila is lonon mstuqi lleksik vah idlnr. Hiz hu qrupa ayn -ayn y aZlm m bndii a so rlorindil inu gcrirdi yi vn I11D hduJ dairado isloncn rrkizmlari aid cdirik.

Bahtl ~ , Hcc II My mcCTBo cm COCTO}lnJ l 11 3 fiafiym, KQ)fGUl oiiCVMhJ 11 J I O\ ~ l aThC B KOTOp l,IC CMY IIC'-I CM 6h1JlO II cpe~l CIIlIT (K YJl

P~IJr. Cy.'lh6an). Hu hckayedu yazruun hemin szn anlasilaluhumoyocuyindnn cluiyat cdara k hu szn izahun vcrm aya

;:lh~ma~1 da Ibabus-arabskoc 510vo. tuff bcz zadnika) va heb -ynniu ~ ' l nl hckayot i adlandml masr da bu leksik vahidin rcaliyahcsab cdilmosiuo nsa's verir. K i ~l1l i~ - bir rcaliya kimi YCJ11\l k-'I I'1Z mo'nas mda yox. tuhq iramiz s z kim i is tifada olunmasr ila

qa r~ l l a ~ 1l'1 q : 1111 11. -n.r . a p l'.l511 II":l , n p OKJHITLlJi , KIIW MIIW (Kynp uu .B lIn lI.MaX). ".1

i'v1'I I1 I1,) di llorde aruq arxaiklesmis szn rus dilindu tr-ki7111 - ckzotizmlnr sociyyosinda saxlautldrgi Iakrlan da diqqat icnlb cdir. Ulun . v ski me'na sr kuyaz oglu . Lakin bu sz oglansnkfindo qudim nu-k dilindu vc Orxon abidul arindn islumui sdir.Rus ya zJl I abidoloriudo ulan sz iJk data XV Dsrd;) Mamayd () yii ~ i i 111 1 (r. 199. . \;oJ , 35

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11 H )Si L .RUS DiLii'\D 8 iSL8i\ 8 i\ TI!K ~1Qi\S8Li Sc'.; IIUi\

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mumtilrk modan iyyatiu in bariz gstuncilari lmaqla yanast trk ctnik tafakkr ib :-; IX baglJ ulan s(\/ 1,11" I\l S (l1 l1nd.) adt -caahuma szter ta 'siri bagl~ lanllr : bunlar 11;)[11 du hu dildu nb-kmi ll i lcksikasuun incalik lerinm . xslIsiyy,-llhll"l lll!l d a ~l Yl c l S I \ ijcvni zamnnda milli madoni irsirnizin gs\,lrlcisi OI II1 ;\(\la tV

~tiin l klari n i de nmayis ctdirirln r. .Rus dil inde csrlerco isluuan \'

:,

xyprau, raiir a, Syrpsr . YP /lla ll. K)'JIThlK . KYJlThllllKa (PYKan pClIOK, Iiaurran, n yxa u , anan-ra, xouucr. K Y -penh, Kom, :\lara311 11 , IGIGaK, xap- (nrzaq; xorc}, 6"' l , ;.J(;I1/)1

4. Geyimla bagh clement. osya . gcyim lussolonnm adlan:Kym3K, sa r an . Kai'IM3, reetora. Iiaxpovta. neer. KOT!'laK. Ka p~Man, Kj'TaC, 6al!ITa /6 aXT3. KypTJ K (ya xahq], K, "&=> 99 % '%=> -====-_

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jJIO'IHlfK , 6aUIMaK, enauua/zcrrauc-uunc. KJIOGyK!i KJI0 6 Y' lOl;:, CYJI -TaH/ic)'JITall'IHKII, 6JJpl{J3a, 6UCCpJlltK va s.

VIII. Heyva n adla rt \TI nn iarI a bagh szla r : xap ra .IlIIX. Ta bii mineral ad larr, favdah qazmu Y;) qivmctl i da .fYJlJJJ , } {CPBiIlU/ /,I1Cp6 blU l , Sacypxrau, :,larO,\ lCTihl a-X3111CT (din), MaYJ1a (mvla], M10plI Jl. M1'p UIII}{, l\lYC.J.l3 !!!I. mciix.ypa3a, MIlJlapeTffllll1l1apa . HM

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ya~adlq lan mi)hell u l~ri n adt olan To l maC\"~kaya sloboda ~\)/birl esmasi. by k knyazlan n ViJ ya arlann adrr. yataq luvazi-matlaruu haz irlayan va saravin cv xidmau l ~ i l1 i icra cdun s ,:ll1 ,J t~karlarm ycrlv~d ik lvri llll OlJCT, sca, '-J)TYII . porua. 61'J];1T , )rl IOI . x apau-

naur, ar ap, KllpI1lPI, aJITLIII, apuiuu va s. bu qabilden olan klli-miqdanla sz va ifadalar rus d ilinin lgot tark ibindu Z Il;1 kifu-1''''1 q;:HI('R 11711 R ~"Glim! "1

'00..111 11 II!", II 1/110 . ~ ,. ml'QR 1If10"''''IH', a 1/.111'11/1(', KaK 60?1.'/'l'("IIIJlUlW"1

., 10" IIWOJl 1/(),TJ'W ' ;l/ 111' ocmo.n o ( /lY UIK IIII.SafJblllIllJl: /1.1.1 f'''fWII'/'' ' '1I'1A O .If;r" 'mll!l Ol; \ '("/1(',\

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Be'zila ri n cn ra sz n bir qayda olaraq qudim trk ~ ziiolan tam jin SZO/1:1I .1/0" -I A p a !('I:OZO lleplwJa , (TIOPIi:/I3U1>l G GOCmO'iII(!c.1(/m/llC~II\ J1J!~Ka." I . Af.. 1974. c 12 .: AbdulkadlT DOllu*- idilri-Askcri /nl'an \'c Icfim/cr. /.I{;JrIbul, 19S5, 5.84l Ara k/n V. (Js/Brikm f!.~iJri. s.127-

""'~ 104 "'"~ -======-

tamq anm trklurin quhir dns larma da hukk olundugunu gs-tarirdi (.ul\! . CT5-1, 545). Dmitriycv fikirlorini gcni slandirsrek ya -zrrd i: rus dilinde bil soz, grnr rsum tatbiq edilan Vu bunun-la bagl t enuoayo tamga qoya u xsusi tam ga i vezifosi olan Qizr lOrda cpoxasmda genis yayrlnu sdrr. Taaccsuas sznn darnon scyi buradandu-. ()J.l\-1. CT5J, 545). Get-gcd a tam qai szTOpro B351 nouuunm - ycn i m,1' \l3S 1111 aldi . Ivan Kulitanui farman-Januda hu mu'nadu islomnis Xl X asra qodor hamin ma 'nan r sax-lararsdn. ' Odur kj, >

i!l[ ,I,I

rik dafa IV Ivarun Polsn-Luva "rail Kazinu r giind' lrdryi f;lr-rnanda rast golmir. Orada onun K ufa arsuu tn'yiniylu udt akihr.Hela ar~1I1 gman ki. yalmz 147S-c ildan Osmanh idarosinduolan Kafa-Fcodosiya baz....arlanndu istifado cdih rdr. . aruq Xvas rda n arsm Rusiya Dvlatinin Markuzi bazar larmda asa ' ()!ivahidino cvn lir.t

Bu SZ Z osas mo' nas ryla da rus odob i dilindo S IX -~lX ras tgalinmakdadir. Mosal on: Ha non apu nura II IIif\ C ere ficacan BLI-nynrcnu as na nonro peKa (vlcxoa . (CKOJIJ,KO Mbl JlOl l if\ lJbl n pnnsn, Ha lIYWY rpcxa, 'JTOG!>I , pacrpo -ru'n. "H II apuunnu.rc UYW II (Ycncucxnii. P a 30 p OJl bC)). Rus di-lmdo ars innik sz tacir (ars unna lr) nm'nasmda da islonmis-dir: (l(lICIIII II II I) l ll IIX }I ' taii . T

I ' .....l n ll .,o.;. 1'. ,1'.1:1".1/11/10(;1/ . ~ l" II'''O-_1/0''?O.10 '://1.' Jon llCJII60fi(1I11l11"'"JlII''' Xl i .\ "1"/1';'1. Cf: 1')si. .\ ~ ./. ./ I .1 h /,lritP7ild.., I ::':/f'!o' ,I llmd.. A / "' />;II'C,ll1S7Iur/: .s..:/fJ,If,; / 1./2.II/ldl .Hiiil.ir;II; '/> Jill/ld, , ff:~ JIIuJI,,ali.s '"U;=> -====--

bCKIl . CTaJ IOBO IIK,m). 51p JI I.IK- I"Ci i:I m l p . 1I0 T : B IlpOliCM. 101;1\0-na. Jl)"-i WC noron x yen-r c 0 JlCJIC: Il ll3BOJl hTC . Mll e IIpt'.: I CT;HH.~TI.BaM MaJl Cl-lh Kllii Hpnhl'-IOK (I h ICCML'I' lI i i . ( K (l Ml I K))): Suuru . nov-boni bildiran vasitn kvui (duyirmunda va s.) nmro. nisan ;1\',)-zlndn; - 5lPJll,JK CKopo ? - c npOClt JI YCf,0.'(> Jl ll ~A'f/ ." IJI /.' o.1l 0:'0.'0 m?p"{)(),'. c.12.J

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. . 10 cri TBOHX , Ka6aJlbll['IX 11 Kpcn .. .'le :;; lr. A JJ lt " Il c ')" Ilauno V'>I(C i-iuan Aprc-

(A T OJ1 CTOH. Ilcrp Cp r.hHl , f-J.. _ ) " _ "ua BOJIl O ,.~. Ll t\J '~ ,Hl I1 C5l !ll (llcrp 1Iq JB h l ll )

3a nJIaTHJl CMY n o xanam.u - .... _ ,. i 1- 7) 1ik -MII 'I 0" . Ocaq. Trk 111011:;;,lli bu sozun (~a Sll~.c l _ : . : I. _c. '

ta r I I ' Sbuesiz soznn ilkin run -ik ! ki . f ox rnaraq te 11 ., v.,sik-scm antl JI1 1~ .1 I ~ d A sonrakr inkisaf murhululu-

d/I kki ila ba h Ir. ncnq , \ .u,asi 0 ot 0 ti . el " k c -v aila nosil . orazr, rnorkazid b .._ . 1 1q I!CIl1~ llJ X (KYllpllll. IlcKY-

o CB51 TOCTH Ollara, C ll ,n l Mbl , CTelpll U{ll, II.V. 11~~ 1l1111. "." 111)"1I'C 111 lBO 'IC1-1

V)KaJ-lHO) A C11, lJ po.uaB1Ka .'.1011-O,'lC IW ?O l1eplloda, C_!3J

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6 LIn Q'-ICllh Ma n POCTOM, KPYro r u yn CBOIO CYXJ'lO CIIIIll KY 110 'cun npcc-rpanusrii KOCTIOl\I, junuuu.ni Ga3apHbli ! 1l111AIK ~n. 'l~ r O-TO ceporo ... (EYIIIIH. ApX IIBHOC 11CJIO). A~ag l S;)VIYY J ' npo Bc CTIl MCIIR K ropOJlII lt '-le MY 11 H01pc6oB

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XYJl)'lO (!Jllrypy .. . 11 orucnuaa C ccnuuoti opona :nIOIW \I (Kyn-pun . ()l{aIlCTa) ; HCKTo, BCCf1l3 rnyn u H cnoxoii n st it . TO'1II0yncr, cn pOCIIJI era (rOphKHi Jlc a TOJICTOih): Macazi ma' nadatlome k - hamarlamaq (dyb a aisdirma k ta rbiya ctme k ]:Onun C 113)'l-tneH IICM 11 co CTpaXOM nporceopun: - p rn YT IOil'lI.'1(r OpbKIiH. Tpoe); tarbiyalundirm ak: agrllandrr maq. Y nee IIC6cpyr na Ko p OTKHe Cp a KI! , 1I0 TOMY '11'0 rc na LIBa cnauana MaJlL ~tiJH:a TOJlbKO yr roacar ... (Jlccson. ]).

K:13113, Ka3I1 a' JCIf. Ka zna xuzinn, dafina. Osli urab ~zxazina . Qipaq-turk fortnast 1' lap KY, Jla TaM C013CCM 3alllYl'llJIC5I(neCKOB. 3axYllaJlhIii pOlW); 3a 0 13par m.I 6 0J1LIIloil Bbll OIl , naKOT')POI\1 CT0 5lil ll Ka3CHJlbl C r-mra :Hl Hb l, a B0 3JI C HIIX J1t.:TO"1 llc c r -)Hl. j" lIUIIICh COJILWTLI (Ily raJlo). Dvl,)!v max sus 11ll1" ~9 : 3nCC b/KIIJli l B Ka3CIIH bIX KBapn lpax KOPlI YCIlI, IC llocn nTJTCJll!

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latdan ortasmda n sosmin izahun atinliyi (qara n \': :IIl:l lliI:lIIIY Op-noscxoro ( nytJJ KHtI. flYTCWCCTBIIC B Ap3PY1'I)

Ill a n n a n - no,nCBctlllllK BOCTO'1II0ro 06pa31I:l : 1I0 3JllI c e ~r:l' ~j : !l i; 'A",cflbi il n."1"1CRC t llTW: {J HU-IIH cn oaape. IJl T. c.62 3.M., Han. C3, 1955,) XV asrden gcc olmayaraq trk dillorindenalmrmsdir. ilk ovvnl sandan > sandal islonmisdir (HlaucxuiiK3 CP5I, c.500). Azorbaycanca ox islek szdr, variantstz(samda n sok linde) islanir: 0 qa lbiui eridir samdandak t Ill Ulllkimi (S.V urgun) . Ru s dilindo .. .xpacnm.ni crajutx Onu rrcunO CT

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Rus onomastikasmda Bulat ov. Zi ubulatov, Yan bulatov fa-miliyalan bulat sz ila baghdir.!

uq un - trk dillerindon ahnmadrr (Fasmer 4.377) . u-qun esyalar: Il poiins :JO umposo 1-J yryH HO JICCTlI lI llC ua n!IO-W a.ZI. KY, onu BOlllJIIl B nepsyio onsutyo KOMHary (Anna Kapc-HIIHa) ... co MIIOH fism ' ,y r YIIHbIi 'lal mlK - CJl IIHCTBC llll a$l 'rpa-na M051 B nyreurecmnax na KaBIIa)J\ JIlIK).

I;Y3a. ll uz:J - q: .t iisusiyy

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de arxaiklasmis bu sz iki nv adnu bild irir: Hal-lrii cumxidmatiuda cam Oraq. Buzav . Nubid tamam u -zu!i.Bung-Bada ]. Fzul inin farsca divanmda buza-buzo kimi is-lanmi sdir (raftan buzo bc moca lis bunn). Rus odubi dilindo 1F)1"ycrda tatar (trk) ikisi kimi taqd im olu nur: - )..la yac. BC]l JlO.KOlilJUTC5J xyno; y }TJlX a3J1aTOH nee T:\lC JlaT5Ju YJIJl CJ, GY:31.1, IInOWJIH pC3H5J (Fcpo natnero BpCi\lCH Jl I. HO T )Wi1 Cp OK JlX II P;I1 -JUHlK 6YllCT, n o i i n y K Fnpcn x anv B f( \CTJl, fiyay 11Il Tb, - cu aa anJlyxatuxa (Ka3aKH), Homin kitabda Buza - bugdad an okilmistatar pivas i (Tolstoyun z sarhidir] vt-rilmisdir. 3a cuuua uu yBCCX nyxoBblc IIO.uYUlKH 1I0nJIOlKCllhl , ti n e p e n unxut Ha Kp yrJl oi ;norucuxe 6 JllIHH npocsnuc. II MaCJ IO xopo a,e pacn ymct to B ' [(\IU -KC, H nuno TaTapCKoc -6Y3a, B KYIlIllIII I' lllKC ( T OJ1CTOi i . K ,l I3 K;n -cxuii nJICHHlIK) .

T on xrau. Tolma . Rus dilinde rolmai m 11k islan diyimanbaler sirasmda 1261-ci ilo aid Ipnrycv salnam asini gstur-mak olar.! Bu sz lbu Mhannanm lii,gaiimb tilmac . Codexcu manikus da ulmac, altay di linde tilmes. tatar dilin de tclrna ,Azarbaycan dilinde dilmanc, trk dilin de dilma, tu rkm an dili n-de dilma, yakut dilinde tilbas kim i qc ydo ahnnu sdtr. Sztil//tel//dil kkndandir va tarcmai. sarhi 1l1,J'naSII1 1 bildirir(Dmitricv STa, 547). Bemin rna'na da bu rrkizm macar, rumm ,alman dienno (har cr tarcruai YO.,\, ruahz sifah i turcm ui)kcmisdir.J Bu sz rus budii diliuda d,1yuxan da gostoriten 111a '-nalarda isladilir: Odicacpr 6 J,Jn B3~T 13 Jl OMOlUl> IlcxropanucyHe CTonbKO KaK ucxaun, CKOJlbKO KaK T O.i11l13 '1 10151 i1CP C){a'II Jera pacnop5l)KcJmii pa6oy. lJ!Il (J1CCKOB. cmlJcFlY 29, I.l8 19); To rJla ropc I< ll li KW!"3h C J IO CTO l l j[ CTnO ~ 1OTJ3CQan ' l e p c 3 TOJl i\I:l ' la . , (Jl o pcp . ] :1JlllCKlI lllOCro BjKl\IClllm)Tolma sz niS dilindl fe'l yar 111 '1ddi madani yyat in mh m ele-mcnt idir. 0 da mo'huudur ki, gcyim an'anas inur qadiml iyi vazangin liyi her hansr milli medeniyyatin da qadimliyindan ,zanginliyindau xobar vcri r.

Bil' sna dnya muzcylorinda saxlanan, xarici alim vasuyyahlann riqqotl a tosvir va tah lil etdiyi paltarlar, bazak n-munuluri , ciaca do qndim min iarrlorda ta svir ol unan yksa kzvql zongin geyim lur rrk geyim madaniyyati haqqrnda bitk inVil as ash fikro ga hnayu imkan vcril'. Bunlar - ctnoqrafik aha~miyyvlli gcyimlar mil1at in q8dimlik, kam illik keyfiyyatlarinindal1l lmaz f~\ktlandl r. Azurbaycan xalql znn milli qad im;Jll\)Jl\)1;.:Jriyl,) v~) ha1llinin mi!!i gcyim nvlarinin mxtali fliyiil\) c1~l nom ri eDlb ed ir.

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bu etnonimla r z izla riui ba'zi yer adlann da ctnotoponim su klin-da hifz cdib saxlaya bilmisdir : Qarapapaql ar. q tzrlbaslur. agk y-naklar va s. adlan Azarba ycan ..uuzi sind u asajudakr toponimlo-rin amala gehuesinda rol oynanusdrr: Qa radonlu . Oara Dolaq .Ag kynek. Qarab rk. Qarapapaq. San koynak. Ycka Qursaqh .Ala Qursaq , Ala bash va s. kimi ctnoqraf ik kcyf iyyotli toponnn-lari, Baktda Ag~alvarlar, 8 yrialmanlar rne hul!o adlanm gsta rubilarik.

. Azarbaycanm ssbcrlcrinda istehsal olunan para-m atcn yanvlari yksak qiymatlandirilir V' IYJ/KI.I. c.'H I) I. ~ I1. oa.lIIj1,laK) a k ir. Hu szle ri n m atno u S IXII~1 "

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JIJ1 accrm.rc JllJI~lIK If IJ pacar. rc 6alllMaKH '-ITO 6 hl13/, 2-" K' I

. ' . ' . c ader dernuk 0131' ki. hamIs!, turk sayaglmus kandli gcy unhmll.d _ l~ dl ' j' turkca idi . Q ,)(\ Il11 lUS 1ll11l.1

. vlaruun a art (. ,1olm aqla gey un na . I' ,'I ') \ ""'Z olundu. Qcyd cd'.lk, ki ,

. .. vropa gcynn en1 a < v jocyiml;)fJ umumavrot I' \ ' kubar camiyyut i i1tH. uo A I (" . , paltar art )''' mz xuo. _bununla yanasi, H ._iJd < ~ or-vi , x SUSiyv~)II

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DCIlH)li . huqiqat un du trkizmh . .~~lvqcYlllda moisut szjon - ei salar ~r o,zlInlill .1lkll1 s~mall t ~kUtl.llllndil tendcnsivasma uy ' I a semantik doYI~111u ll 1l1

. . . _ gun 0 araq ulava ma'nalarmuxtaliftcnllinoloji sferalara daxil ol bili I I arqazanaraq]{ I ' a I Ir er. '

:1(rra n. Tiirk mu usali olau bu .. .. .adntan kap (kab) ton (don) sa kli ~I b ~ I sozun et imol ogi yas irnn.l.s diJi . ilo ynna'';;1 btn sl:;v ~I~ :lil~g .aYlrlar (~a .n s.kiy ~ , 1 02)d.~lI1ya .dl l h:lf i l1 '~ ti,.) kemisdir (l~sll1cr 2ar~ I;;) ~uII;I~~ bir oxturk dillerindun kcdiy i -h ti 1 i ' . - e srter dosz . Du da Oorqud d o te 11IJ~n d O llI~ u.r (Lllaacxu 2, 102 ). Bu

uS an all n a k isi st _ .. ki .sa kdu isludilmisdi r (Aaruz tu b: c .".. " d gCYI~l11 1111 1 gcnis

.. b '- d."I- 0 0 Z U sa -8qa kh1l11.111 Z var isa gcyuyn J" " . SI , 0 na qafta-

I.' , C uguna varayin - KDQ IV b DI

1l11Zla arxaikl usan (Uzu n '11" . . ' oy . I J-kaftanlt kondlilar bazar. pCISI[ 1 yeh udila r, besir sapkah, tikma li

, < , IIb lll K. TellJ1Ll i' _' J " Ib lH K. ,

, I K., KYPf)'3blH K va s (r1I0 JJKOllII llK BCCX Rl l illC I1 . , . 1 pY3eU 6blJT

, TOf/ mc H lUB vCHJ/y oG J1CKaJl era 1'01 0 T ~ pOKIlHllopor oii Ka (IJTa H B

. JJh . apac EYJT b6a,,) >1OJllIOro l!3 r o p oll cKIIX "Hl! _ ' 3aCTaJJ y llcro

IOBll Il I\OB, UOl\IHHTC51, lInpeKTopa Ta~

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Yazit Pan aycvan tn Z xa tirnlurind. i tnsvir ctdiy i kimiTurgcnevin dilinde da on xal ara brunms buxarah il;\dn s i ta-mami lu mocazi ma'nadadir. Y az ir humin ifada 1I,~ chti ya rh ,mhafizakar Pctcrburq scnzuras un na zard. i tuturdu: Cnnuuu.nmueun. H anaeun. aapancc, LiTO yqaCTh mocro npoua ncncnu s3aBllCHT OT K3KI1X-TO fiyxapuce , aa xyraruu.rx 13 n CO ITIi XaJl3TilX

(Bax: A.51.TIanacna. l H nee mcpncmun OT xropoaa, BI13-)K~IJ I u Xp YCTCJI "PIJ Ka)KJ]OM, c a MOM OCTopmKIlOM iuare (Haminasur}: TCMHJ,J l' If cuepxatontac KaK lJCpHbJH aTJIaC npYJ1.bI JICiI

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rxts ede bili r. Kagiz nv -- I lcno -nca. . .XOJICIlLJ~lll PYI\ OIl J bl Ka . " CT , 1970. j.,''-!5 c. 73.

xo-onhca. J1pHJlOIlHIJl\-taH lWJJl!aK , Spocan a Ha BCCX BOCXH WC HH)'lOym.ricy (T. l lacccx. vlJ nan ru .tx JICT ) : lampamn papagi , rty :l lcJl Ul HKJt 3a i J(J"JlI J CBC'llJ B CTCKJl 5l1lJl bl X KOJmaKaX (A.KynpHII,IJOCW IJl OK ). Ooruyucn iirtk mo'nasmda: liparen RbITaW HJl H3KYJJbKa rO J/OBY caxapy CIJ51J/ c Hel' KOJJl[aK Jt nourenxas na caxa-py nam.uoxt (J\ .QCX0 13 . Epa'rcrt). Memarhqda ko l p ak a banzarardaq. dam rty. B hlCO KHC ncxpsm.rc OCTpblM KaJInaKaX(I,Jll [ITJliI . . . ( fl H.CCMCKlf ij bOHpIUHua).

Kolpak Icksik vahid i bas gcyiminin mxto lif nvlerinib~,ld irm,' kl

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Ko lpak sz hu ma'nal arla yana~>l asag rdakr snruitdu t;;l -xeklik pesasini bildirir: 3 T 6 WIll Jlkou Typrcncu-uom-ni nap-csn wyr IJ Coqnuu-rx 6bJBlm JX CTJ1HJl KOB, n pOMC1l 5l BI,~IlX om,~ JIY Ha xonnax, IJ - 6,''5a Lllytur -pa, )UI'I KOBa B)-lOBa (A .l OJlCTO Ii .Ilerp Ilcpauk). Ingar trki zmlar kimi ham da rus dili ono-mastikasmda da antroponim kimi istifada editmi sdit (' IJJ. (Xutui}

Bu sz para nvlurindan birini n aduu bildinuakla rusdilinde genis islanmakdadir: JOpbC13 copuan xpacut. ni KYJ'ta ' l CBOpoTIIHKa 11 C pYKaB013 (A.KYIlPHIl. :X p a.6 p blc. 6cr~e~w;Kuma/) sz ham d~) rang bI1dirlll;J SvCIYYnSlllda IstJfadQ

olunmu~dur: Taill 51 cllllen n p o T l lB KYllY l:lXH I3 opolllll/ot'i . Olla/IOlpH a5l, C 3arIJTbl UlU lI/ll il nJa13l\111, KYi\ta ' IOnO-KpaCII:tl l OT IlllT_UH.r p hl3Jla 0 P CXIl 11 il JlCI3

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tfnn an-ucnuu st kundl i paltandrr. Turk dillonnda apau-xalat (Radlov 3, 19 1S). Dmitriycv Budaqova ist inad ederok ru diliudaki jupan trkizrninin do cpan udan dogdllgunll gstori ,'[Dmitriycv 550). Aza rbaycan dilind e apan (Ohmad apanmuzun qollanm tez-tcz irmalayerek . onla n harnma tapiyi ctdi.Y. anmnzaminli ). Rus dili nde ham jupon. ham da apan sa k-linda isladilir: AKYJIlIIIJ IIOCne llJIIJla aakyra'rt- R llLlp }lll Ll ii if>Y-11311 LlYHbKY 11 ycazum cc TaK ' IT06 ne mcrynuncs xurancncu(Fpuropoau'r. )lepCRII}I ))).. . .cc om.moc rcno 6bJ.lI O oxyrauo-rcnm.ut n M})n::i1M Kracll hl ~l IIJlJneM , mnpoxnxt. Kal' MY'+:CKoi-ranan ... {Fops xnii. (JleTCTBo))). Bu hal - szn apan seklimanba dillar la saslasir - Volqaboyunda dogulan Vi) tatar tn's iriduyu lan hu m hi tde yc sayeu Qorkinin dilindo hel a uygu n1uql ardaha oxdur.

K~'lIIa l': - qursaq ham kisi. hem qadm geyimJiJTinda islon-mekte yana~ 1 ha rbi geyimda do istifadc ohmmusdur. Trk dilln -rinda kusak va kusamaq islunilir. (Fastuer 2. 439). Aza rbaycantrkcasinda qursamaq va qursaq tarixun hem do qusaq :

Xoteim der:qU,\.HI qusan.Toe olur t/~1b;1 dsen. (Xa tui )

Qursaq - kisilarin qadimd u pallar srndon bcl lariu u dola-diqlan para. Osasnn xara \'\1 ipukdon huztrlamrd t. ingilis taciridiplomau va sayyalu A.Ccnkinsol1Ull (l6- Cl Dsr) m;,1' lumatl11 agr AZ\J rbaycanda Rusiyaya ixrac olunan mallar araslllda qur-

~aq n da paralar var iel i (Ba,,: ASE, liL s.282-83).Rus dilinda bu sz

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(IJ}lHlH. I fruar). Rus dilinda uraucur aii 80POTllII" ~;,) ".;I lI1 d"de islani r. B OpOT lII l K III J flh lO - orn oacno llO p 01I1 Il K, cuyc xruo-umic}/ na rpYJlII - CP5I, c.X24.

I1I l11l l':t - b ir ox trk dillarindu . 0 cmlnd.m Trkiyu==- .

trkcasindu bus gcyimlnrindun biriuin achd tr. K.RdcycvlJlVoyn orovsk i pncrna smda c ha!,- sa klin du (u H }1J '.lH lI lO l ~ I.C pCTHOM 'IC6aKC) tarixizm saciyyus inde isti fada olun um sdur. Ki tabmsa rh la r hissa s inda ebak-byk ist i qulag h sapku de y" la la r1 a-ra ma xsus gcyim kim i gstarilm i ~d ir. abak szndnn tru-yan bu szn rus di lina kcma tarixi ox qodirndir. ! Azurba ycnndilindaki sa pka rus dilindau almma hc sab OIUIlUL nki bu S7rus dilina trk dillarmin qodim qatl nr.ndan biri 013n qadimbul qar di linde n kedi yindan tubi i ki, 0 rus dilindo ru a uim scdilu-ra k isluudikdan soma bas gey irnlariudan mnhz biri niu adr (avro-pa geyim adt] kimi Azorbaycan dilinde du yaytlnusdtr.

Rus atalar sz va mosallarin tork ibind e bil' ox trkizm-lar kimi fa al islanmakdadi r: (Kpacanaun) . .. nee 0Y.LlCT na C I"If. lIJ 6y." ."fX"~o.'tJ ",,'a')," ". C.IOGJmCH H HJ'~""-'. )mll."O" ' ..." H I ~i(h,11.. 1971. 10111)1('('6 (1 JkJ.-CIfWC

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/Rus dilindo moden i termin kjmi gCl1i ~ islakl ik tapml!;'1 }[BIIYIO ucpryOT rnaaa IlO nanpaanciuuo K yxy. Il a p ll il IH KH J ~ ~921 J1~ .IIaJll lcasroe 11 naau uann :nOT rp llM I10Jl T)l)llallKY (J1. E. . bCJlo] c pCh: a ~l Iiyn r a KOFla . I30 CIl0i\f1111 '\II1DI. M.. 1990, c. 14).. ." __ .:

JI \ C:'oI'IYC ilk dafa rus yazrh manbulorinda hu sozu 1J(,.l.u'11.1 rast ga linir. Rus dil iudaki qaditu trkizrulordundit - .(.lqoralayi ha qqmda das tan cda is luuon trk 11l , 1ll ~ 3I i SZ\l iuri sinducem!!!l da va rdi t. ,

D jliuuzda di) incullcin cu ~uklind'-l i ~ l;)nI1FJs hallart mu -lurndur:

0/ disin incusi tak d8/yada tnnn diir kern d,'.,u: . .(X;)I:II)

Inci (jcmcuq) giYllla tli da~-qa~ ma'nasmd an (. . .nonuoii c-noii lllC(;" turr xn ft

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1 /(!lIll.l('V(;O I', 1 1OP K1U H bl C PYCC"OM JlJNKe (Ha .uamepuase 1/G3CGIIUU OOe JKbl 1~1)1/J. , c.ss. /.- MI/rad AdCl. QIP,1q t nn YOV$i/JII. B ., (GiJnclik, 1997,s. l Of.

islandiyi kimi qadm ad t olara q da ta sadfolun ur (C .("ahhar ll11 111Sevil a sa riuda pcrsonaj ach) .

Rus adobi-bodi i di lindo para adl 1 imi gcnis i;-;hld ilir:3aTeM 113 cyunyxa IF'JJC/IOB

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Ru s dilina bu s zn kcma ta ri vim Ki yc v Rus d vloud vr ila (I X-X II a srler] baglayrrlnr. Oudn n rus d ilin L!;1 Yilll1 li'trk s zla n olan IIml)Ou~l p, 1111 :111I.1 sl'l,)ri islodih rdi. 1'flIOI\ II)tcnninini I Pyotrun zamamnda l l--llandiyadan l!;JIlIZ,"t!;,rga tirm isdi lor. i jk zamanln r, od ur ki, rus dilindo yahuz xsusipantolonlan - matra s sa lvarlaruu bc! n adlu ndmrdrlar. Souralariso hor cr suro vnr vo ~ l:1Il biryuk ad lallillaga baslndi. '

~- Trk d illa rinde (k uun-t.u .. kara im ] a lma (Rad-lev 3,1892, Fasmcr 4,413); ..a1.w.;l- - tiirk sziidlir, lIl'I'lIas l~ban cal ma dem nkd tr t rkmou va Av. u'baycan dil lorindo is la-~ '==--nilir (Jl " " TP" " BCTJI 349).

Rus dilinde ham kisi, hum do qac'm bas gcviminin adrdrr:Bu zamail diqqati 0 colb edir ki, bu, mcnbo dildo osi! rcaliyakimi, kediyi dilda isa saf trkizmdir: ( 'Tilpm: KY'IYK 06BlIThJ iitlaJlMOKJ, IJ 311a ... -roro. ' IT O nOCCTII JI c ea r !.JC ereera t\.1cKKY M c.1U1 -uy. : . (Qnbocdov V.K . K xclbckcro moktub, 27.X I. IR25) X IXaST kba r qadm geyi mindo ba s rt ynn adr: al rua-k lobuk basge yim i rus d ili ab ida lorin da X IV as rd an istifadu ol un ur (Cpc't -HCBCKII 3,1471).

Basl har hans! bil' sya iJ" aJll1

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/'xi ctncqrafik zangin liklari nin mila yyanlnsdirilma sindn hir ay-dmhq yar adrr. Bu giin de bay raqlarda sa re f cyni zam anda ugllrnisani olaraq saxlamli b islen ilm okd odir.

lqor alayr haqqmda dasum.ula va 11 72-ci ilo aid l.avrcutisalnamasinda elka-olka KIlCTh 113 J ll a MCIII Il), bunukoda 1];)-min ma'nant dasryrr ( C pCJ HCBCKll ii 3,1487). Grnr qadim tilrk-lardo kz!o yana~ 1 at tkudun eb tug \' ;1 bunuqa taxrlan qotazdzoldilnusdi r.

(Sahla, .lwibl3. K ayma ( ha ~ i y) iJk da fo 15S9-Cll ildoBoris Qodunova aid sun odlnrda rast gnhnir. T rk dillurmduk ikayma szndandir (Fasmc r IJ, 162). Rus badi i dilindo bu s z-dan gcnis is tifada edilmis di r: B CCPC)lIIHC CT05lna apn c'rospa -n ul. . . Marpcna n a BJIOBHa B nC p e JIII B'l 3TO:o.1 JlJlJIOBOM IIl I:lThC 11 cnoii C l..a 1\IOIO uiann .. . ((UOCKPCCC III ICH) kiiltme -ka, sifbt(Kn CMO'Lfll hJH) , fel sokililori ilo: C JJa BlIO Iln n IlCJ IIO, - CKa 'l J Jl o u:- He u y....KHO 11 nepenneu sars. Euie 11 I..:31'mco BKPYr. KTO 'HOTaK IICK)' CHO CIICJJ3J] K3C;\IKY (Torom. . Mepruue n yu ur ) . I-lil-rak at bildirart sz kimi : . . .lIC6 0 Jl b IJlJ H GopOJIKa TOJII> KO IH,aii-~UIJIa. -racn, n nua. .. (BOCKpCCCIIIIC); Mopc uc npcpunuo " pyru-lllHMC.H aanaun OKOM.'1lI .11O Geper ( EYIl Il II. ljcnm): Flo HeeMYnnany COJl,UaTbI CTO.HJlII apaspoc: O KOJIO r onouc . QI,o i:o. l.lIUU-~ wocee . . . y npnuem.m .tx CTallKOB (1Ioc.LlIIIIOK); fJ p CJICCTll nHKPJTJIJ.H GYXTn OI..a ii1\IJ I('III1~UI n.;e JIThIMII Gc p Cr :l MII , JIC:'K:lJll l IIC -n OllBII JKIIO (Kynpun. Mopcs ux 6 0 JIC3 111: .

~- syrra: sz trk dillerindun yayrlrrus s zdr(Fasmcr 3,611-6 12; Drnitriev 543). Sz rus dilindo SlX-S IX i~ I\Jl1

makdandir: )lJl}l :o.1II J1oro )lPY'ABu sz rus dilindo S IX- SIX islonmekdcdir. cDp alll l Y3KHH Ka- 'MCpJIIIIIC p IIOJl ;UI C:o.1Y GaUJMaKIi e xpacnuen r Ka6Jl)'KaMII, rony-GI.IC cpx am u c IllT;H! l.I , p030 BhlJJ adrranu, UJIITbl i nccrxasu:(A pan I ICTp

r:hem da metoforik maqamda islunmesi faktlanna tcz.t cz rastga linir. Bu s zn a lava ma'nalarnu yaxs t duya bilmok nonun heqiqi ma'nasmda is landiy i mntnlu yanasr. digur muqarnla-nna da diqqa t yet irak - C IIJIC lI b51 KY'ICI'M asir dvrumzdo rus dil inde urxaik loso n bu s z banzat-I1h1 olaraq marnqh brr soraitda is lodili r: [lO'lCM Y HJ )J,eCBCKOCI"O p C, me rOpOJlCK,UI CBaJIKa K(l)KJl LI nem, n OllJ IH MJ CTC>f B Bc60eYJlT811bl 'ICpHOJ'() llh l !l-Ia , T5JllyrC51 '-Iep C3 ,E!,Hcnp, npOHHK3ID T Bn CJlTp ["OPO/Ia (c t'ravda qoz. 17.V.88).

li a lll.llLIK - Bash kndan rus s z shk dog musdur (FasmerI. 1] 9 ). ~Ilk - zi rus dilindo oxdan msteqi l derk edilibmvnimsa ditib isladilun sozdr: ...l! zmacc Bcarpn-rc H CYXOJH IKO-rn l-t ,l Il TC B GaGbCi\l ~ IJIJ l hIl{ C 11 JJaBpOBOM DeHKe ( EY HJUI. fCH-pnx) ukr. slik. ken n xaz. li sapka; art rq X V f-X VII osrlerdenpel vak dilindo (szlvkjkearak isloni r (Ye n " orada].

Dnutricyva gra bashk sz trk dillorinde osas iki me'na-ya Jllalikdir: I) Rai~ ; ba$l (bu JTI

I I

Ii

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XIX as r rus badii matcriahnda rast gnldiyimiz lJ a ~ I H I harycrda geyim nvnn aduu bi ldirir: O rt nart Mll e KYCOK CYKlIa, li'lxoroporo 5J C llOMOill b IO xaaaxa ClIIlIJI ccfic lllapOBnpb] 1I Sauu n.uc(Hj-l.Mypaasee. Jnn r : KH) .

Rus geyim mn daniyyati tarixinda bu osya rnh m rnovqc-ya rnalik olmusdur. Ham kisi, ha m qndtn bas gcyimi kimi i~l,) dilmisdir: Anna n ma, OllYCT1IIl r OJ10BY J1 urpas KI1CDIWI (~m.nca (Anna KapClIIlII). Epana tlirkizmi bun lardan alavabitki vu hcyva nat alvl1l ino da

I;IIII

ne .nraa unumx) va molyuskun bil' n vnn ad r kim! dax rl olnbilunsdir.! Rus fanuliyas r: EJI1 illUllJl IlJHpOKIlC rurannr cnun.m. 3B~U ICJl. e lJ(UlCIIJIlIlKO J\l. ~ F. !)os-tov sk inin Serscri asnrindn ;ld,Jbi pcrs onajtardan bi ri gen era lEpan ind ir : H craprury rCHCp aJI EJI ,Ill LJ II 11 , Ka K acc u uu.ccr uoGblJIO, )f'-13CTBOBaJl B OTKYIJ3X .

Kap -run. Kat-man. - trk dille rindon ahnn us dtr. (:;>anski y2, 72). Turk sz karman ki so . pu l saxl.unaq iiiin unta mu'na-5111 1 dusnrusdrr. Karman leksem i znn yksak s/ yamuuafaal h[p ila farqlanir. Art tq XVI usr in onal nnn da karman Sii/ iill-dan yarannus karmannik (uacrcp no Jl:lI 'OTOBJ1Cll1 11 0 IC1P"I' l ll (1!i.CYMOK) dalia sonralar qramrnuk dcrivatlnruu Kap,\I ;\1 1I ll ll l(. Kilp -MaHH H'IaTh, xapaannr va s. o laraq gcnis lun dinuisd ir. ' RusIarixinda rca l soxsiyyut adi: Novqorod pos adrn kinin adI 1(0 ]1-Mam, olmusdur (l 343 -c itc aid 2-c i Pskov sulnamuxi): l53-c iiilo aid sonoddo - Acrapxancxu ii Ax 'rada rast guliuir. Huminzamanlarda Karmannik luqob i dasrvan Iarix i ~ UXSiYYd l nlmusdm(Sax : ll.lauckrui 2, 72).

Tarixi ctnoqrafik alamononn.. griJ ynuasrldtqda gcmnukolur ki, evvollor paltarn tikihuayan kiso, torba karman adlmurdr .Ela bunn gre do rus dilinde L!.CP;Kll xap uun ya xud ("1I J/3 blf.:e, COI!CIJlCKQn II1lOp Ko,lO,' un,/1) 1-1. ,,\ ~'5 , c.-i5 5 1.

~ 155~

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rir.! Amma szn areb di linde islunmasi bil' ox mnlliflurinfikirlarin i yamltnusd tr. Babuc turkman - Kurkk folklorund ada r ast golinir:

A llah bir y agJ,'" cteDam - divan Y

boyu olan og uz lann daha dastam dovrh.riudun 1.", l1a n 1l1 I h }/ok, VB U ok olmaq Z;Jru iki hi\yiik kola (lvnld l{: llll t-'iirmk-da yiz. Boy-qobila m o'n as ma I;!" !'lll hu ok )':llnI7 stlah dcvil .cyni za r nanda . sinwol .... L raq bil , j,: :'1,11" i l;lda cuuokd.xl ir I

Aynca gtrs- k . Azarb.tycan dilindo bete. tan xun horbitermin kim! formo .asnus va islokhk qaz an nus (1:,ru'III. ~ :l t a i!. :llI .ta h ur, a xruaq . rfong, cli , nnh nyi , l1lil1lJ :I ~J . lul' . s ii h: '~ 1 (s -q osun) yaraq . rilman. ordu Vil digor leksik vahidlor .. Ir , ,I,. 1;II"S.rus va S. dillaro kcmis. harnin dilferm isluk dil \ahid l:lrind cv-nlmisdir.

Rus dilinin halo qcdim qatlannda trk mensoli ln.rbi lek-sik vah id la rin c ldug u bir ho qiqo rdir.

Erarmz m lap avva llarindun baslnyan rus dil! il. l q.nluutrkloriu - hunlar. xazarlcr. bu lqarl ar. sabirl.. m u va :0. thl l. ,rinil'qar~J hgl alaqasi vo ardmca K iycv Rus dvlu tiuiu 'lii rk-pccncqbir liyi iln hnrtarafl i, SI X t ' I'aho r s z csk i Hasq trd ~ ta tar mu skuni Yckatcr inbu rqvilayat indu suhar adtdtr.

Rus dilinde hu sz n~ag l dn k 1 mv'nalarda 1X I~ cdir: hvrbid,)sta l' lr. b[klm; top lt! dit~i:lrgi.:l Inv'nasmda: illYlll I1 JlBJI)KClI lI CJ1pOIJCXOlU1JlIl B l'1II0 P C){(CKOM T::;.5c~lC (rOrDJlb . Tapac I; YJl b-G;m); JloJlrt) fk,KlJJ 0 11 GC3 ormrJIKIl lIlC)KJl:)' KaJall KHlIf Ta6opoM( Y cn'J ol"a....

cxn 'ranop, pacnon cacunn c v o nn y no pc ru (Lynnu. lid Kpaiicaera).

A.Ostrovskinin C chizsiz q17: pycsi nd u K mundrs cv nis an-hst Larisa run ata cvi - -' odab-urkundan UZ3q ycr, qarar tab oruadlandtnr: (Larisal .vJOJKCT 6blTL 11 m.nan ctcu Ta op. TOJlhKOB HCM 6 b1JIO, 11 0 xpaiincii MCpC ucccno, CYl\ICCTC nu m.r ) \i.iT h-rro-nuynr. JlY1lUlCJTOrO rao pa?

Hom qadim-ilkin. h,)111 do nixbutnn sonrakr a larlaruu S, I -larrus bu sz rus dilindo sila t kimi da i$lGa). BOT ero rtpnnucxa: Jla, HaK)'}JarreCHJI aamTpcx6YJ I'I)l)KlILl i ttatua, Bam npcztnomrrent., sccnroeancihuareucpam ()J,aJlllnCBC KHil . Bnna); I' uskini do Pctcrburq bal la-nnda vo ziyafa tlnrinda qndm msayotinde (xanmn ' ~a ikibnld tz r ila) grnnlor onu zara fatla bunuqlu pasa adlandm rlar.(B ax : B.13cpcc acB. nYW KI~ 1l B )1(1131111 . M., MOCKOBCKIi pa6o'fHi119X7, 0.462).

Vn au. VIalH> szii qndirn rus salnamale riuda titul kimiislonmis dir. Oodim trk lardn Og lan ~ z osas mo'nasmdanbasqa sahhq s ron ailcyo mensub clan qohum, varis kimi mo'na-larda IXI$ cdu biler.' L 'Iu quscva X esnn sonu x: asrin ev -v.allori nQ aid olan As lan Uqc yar iJkmda hQmin szn gsta-nkJll llla'nJsll1dn i ~ la n diy in i (tarco18si : BhI XO)laTCTBonarru nc-PC)\ OrJlJnml 0 llHYX nJlCllIl IlKaX-COrl~H11uax) gsterii 'vo diga rlll\)Jlbalur\l mra ciat cdurok (Pa)lJlOB. 5IpJlLIKH ToxTaMhlwa HTCM"P Kyr nyra. 31l0PAO, 18836T. III, c.9; Pa~noB. OnbIT cno-B sznn mo'nasl dayi~mi~dir. I Pyotr reforma-lan epoxasmdan b a~IJ YJ rJ q (bu zaman niS nizami ordusu yarao-

I TY~Ylile(/a .n.!O Hp,nllm yi!2.lPCKUX KII JlJe 113 PY KO/Jl ICb Il 0 20 co6po III IJI 110 HBA/{eet!'. ll/{I/ 7I

maqda idi} ulan sz yungiil kavalcriya XSLlSl alaylarnnn nufu-ri, kavalerist ma'nasmd a islanmaya basladr .

Bu sz Byk Fridrix znmumndan baslnyarnq nlmau or-du suna tatbi q olunmaqla barahar, alman dilino. 0 cmludun pol-yak dilina! daxil olmusdur. (Fasmcr, 4, 158). Oglrm sznnscmantik dey ismosinin (harbi termi ne evrilrnu) monbalorin i cl\!trk dilloriuda axtarmaq lazrmdir. [Iaca de onun hurbi termineevrilmosin i Trkiyu-Osmanh mhitinda du lnss cdirik. Bizimhildiyimizca, arnq t rk Ycnieri ordusunda xidmot cunck nkiik usaqlar qapah harbi maktab olan Ocomi ogtam mokt e-hinde oxuyurdular. Onun ycnicori dvrndo oglan a~ag l hurbin hesab olunurdu.?

Bu szlo bagh topladtguntz dij materiallau iurismdaYJIaHCKIIH oqJHUCP, ynanck uii nO JIK, YJlaH CKa51 Ca 6 JI51 , YJIcUlCKlliiIOIi Ke p , JIeii6- YJIaH ifudele rinin islandiyini msahidc cunok olnr.Ulanov, Ulanbckov rus farniliyasm dau Dostoycvsk in in Stc -panikovo kandi va onun sakinlari Qorkinin Mnni rn universt-tctlerim , Ostrovsk inin Tarbiyei: oserlorindo istifudo cdilmisdir.

Szn Avropa yu yaytlmasr-Ia tnrlannz/turklurm Litva q()~lI nunda harbi xidmati ila baslacr . Litva knyaz r Gcdimin tatarlnrnrus knyazlan kimi vcrgi vcrirdi. Hom do onlarla yaxtnlasmaqdanakinmirdi . Ha tta onlan z qosunu stralanna xidmota de agmr-dl. Bels ki , Tefton ordcni ile olan l J l S-cu ilduki savasda taterlarda istirak edirdi . Onlar bu d ysda Gccliminin qo~ununda n Sl-ram tuturdular. Tat arlar sonrak l illrua dI) Litva j(v cosur vu s;)-daq etli rnttefiq idil ar. 3 O gla n - Azerbaycan uilinda h~1l11 UQigid, cesur ma 'nasmda Vaqifd

Bedii dilda tarixi m vzulara hasr ohuuuus u S,)r[,ln!;l i~ I;Jdilir. Turcruta aarpazu-t ; nna pn nyra ctpaxca; -rapau crcnofioiuu-riiCunt 60p01'a OKYKOBCKllli . Pa3pYllJ CHIiC Tpon). ..

Tam arxaiklesen bu szdun dal ia sourak i d vrto rda bodiidilda suf banzotma vasitasi olaraq istifado ol unur: [To nna] }IIHl -ranact., TOtJllO -rynos unuua ii Tapall orcrynna 1I uac'rynaa(Topr.xn . )J.{1I3Hh KJJI1i\1 Canruua, IJ). .

Bu szn inkisafuu tarixi planda izludik da aruq arx uiklu-san bu herbi tcrmi nin c sk i mo'nasma uy g un ycni hnrh i terruinlaryarandrgnnn sahidi oluruq . I . Dusm an gcmisinu zorb u vunnnqn dy s garnilarinin bumun da dcsici lussa: 2. D~ IlKl\l tuy-yaresiuo (tanktna, gamisina) Z,Jrb;1 vurmnq un d yi.i ~ 1 '1~;Y'l r,)sin in (clace de tank trun. gomisinin) vinti; z korpusu ilu dU ~l11,lI1tayyaresinc vurulan zarba ; 3. Dusman cobhasinin dri.nlikiar ilF)qadar iti paz sakill i yanlma; bu omeliyyeu haya:~ kcimn zorboqmpu va s. (CCPJl5I, XV, 112- 113). Rus familiyast Tarnnovtaran ha rb i termininden yarannusd u. '

Ru s di linde harb sahesinda mhm anlayislan bil dira ntrk mensall szlerin kamiyyat va kcyf iyyat tarqlori ; huminiustnlklcri rnaraq doguran haldtr. Masulou harbi d$vrgi.:)(nareps} ma'n astnda rus dilinde trk dillerindun alm an ko s, ku -re n , sa ter, s tan, koh maqa, tovn r - alt i s z vard tr. v

Kom. KO$. Rus dili abida!arind,) kO$ VQ onun la baghKOWC BOi KOllICBllhIii szlmin,) 146R-ci ild;) rast guli nir (Cpc:m c-BCKlii 1, 1307) . KO$ trk dilh::trinda mvqqat yurd, k~}mi d-

~mgas i, ha rbi blme, qO$Ul1Un alahiddD cllstGsi, ll1Ull1.1 t8 PO,.j . C O(!{JeJ lCil li b /C pycr/>;uc (J; W II171IU AI, JI,,!-",,u, .'')SI. ("8')! Somkolctov Gst;Jrikm F/san: s.197. I

~~ I64 ~

Ko~ s zndan tarixi rconreunii sz yararur. znda ar -xaik mozmunlhr saxlay an omcnort SZ qedirn rus di lindo({o (iO :~ I~bl ii mn'nas tm dasryrrd t (Cpcutcncxn l , 1305).

Knut cuof :n 1 !\1. 1963. c.J6

11.1>1 f)('~'/lC , l /u!J. llIal.I I(I?O/lQ(j. Mup H CIl10PUII, M., I"a",:O/o,-O(,' 11. liil/lY.%i /I ] i W/IUJI IJ cm(/uHl> lI o li cmpYKlIIype blGlilCi'O X lI (// IIICK OO :ral/-Cl/UW )), i( C O!l r' // ICKlIfI /1II0P K (H O?llJl J). 1989, },gl , c.65.

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CT3n . Stau - mveqqcti dayanacaq , d~a rgi) , q O~ l111 1a n l1m voqqati davanacaq ycri , harbi d~arg,), . inqiluba qodork iRusiyarun qcza lannda inzibati polis bh~;:)~! (CCPJJ..5,1 X l~:r. ,c.716-717). Rus diii tarixinda islonon harb i diisargn 111;) nah -aantermini XII astda n rus dilinde islonifir.

Cran (dserge ) sz kazak kcndi, oba, mnskon, rnakanmo'nah cr anu na sznn kk nda saxlanr hr. Kvn(~: . }"a ~aYl ~maskani ma'nasmda Rusiyanm ver adlarmda resadf ctmakmmkndr. TCIIJlbI Stan Moskv aalu kendlardon olmus .(l960-CI ilda Byk Moskva orazis ino qatJ h.11l~dlll .No\'q or~dvilayetindo 4YllCKHC Stam vasavrs mantaqast , Yakutiyada S(,\-novoy daglan VD s. acllannda rast gal inir . ~ .

Tonap. Harbi dserge. Tovar rus dilinde ma~-davar:. rzaq,mal-mlk ma'nasmda daha evveldon mo'Ium olduguna g.ora fi.k -rimizca. tovar horbi dserga rua'nasuu ordunun tac hiza ilnbagh qazannusdtr. Rus manbnlarinde humin 111;-d ~) i~l;:l11mi~) XV esrdon iso aruq kos,start, iaqcr, oboz me'nalanm bildiunokla faallas rr.t

Rus budii dilindo bu soz gcnis islanmisdir. Flanar ea rpa(jlJlI ,ICf\ CBlI'la CT}lJJ a 6Jlli:l 3CJlClIOro IIJaTpa r aKKH naruu, B351Toron IIJ ICn namu,..jJ{ Ka3aK,u,-/H (flYllJKHJI. Ilyr eurccm ne B Ap3PYM);I1Y1a'1OB OT.i) h rXaJ I II CapCl rrc IICJl hIe CyrKH, CKpbIBJRCh B cnocxrurarpc c .llBYM5I HaJlOJKIJHu:u.m (flYllJKH U. Heropus Jlyras osa). TaM06hc:m:a51 co CTpCJJbuaMU nonaocxonaue, HOLJeBaJI Ha nparopxe Buratpc HB (Bax: EC3 , T.29, c.297). Mosolan: COTHH m aTp oBbIX,JIYKOBlllII lbIX KpbIlli IIYJlIrbD BcpxYllJeK-pe6paCThIX, n )'3aThIX,:o:omo'-HlX KaK IICTYlllhH rpc6eIIlIm, - 6J1eCTeJlH 3 0JIOTOl\f H cepe6-POM (I leTp lIepnhJH). Matnde MoskvaJa Kreml saraylan haql11-da shbQt gecl ir; ...MYJhIKaJJhII O pa3J1 HBaJIC51 Ha,n: C'-:laCTJlHBO if,JliOJlH Ui i YJIHl{CJf 6acilCThl il 3 BOII C llI aTponoi-- KOJlO KOJIb HH( l)YJlIIII.

Ka3 aT( - szn rnonsayi adm da muns a yinin va mau subiy-yutin in aihb dzgn anlasthuasma sara it yaradtr. Bd a ki, ka-za k sznn ilk h issasi kaz adr ila Kaspi (Q aspi), Xazn r. Qnzax(ycr vu xalq adi], Krzbek/ azbck dagl (Byk Oafqaz si l ~il ,-)~sinde markuzi dag va yer adt) . Kazah soheri. Novokaz qosooesi(Qazaxistan. Qrzrl Orda vil .]; oxlu sayda Kazan adlan Q nspua(K runda ycr adr], Dada Qorqud dastanlannda adr aki lnn mas-hur Qazh q (Masir Qafqaz dagl oldug u ehtimal olunur) ara smdamazmun, isterse da dil vahidlarinin oxsarugma grn hc bil' farqyoxdur. nki btn hallarda szterin birinci hissosi xalqm ad1111qas/xaz saklinde bildirir. .

Tarixda kazaklartn, daha dogrusn. Ural ka zak lnrnun qa dimturkl or olan qtpaqlardan (rus mcnbolorinr!e polovesten torumu-leri va onlann Astarxan xauhguun fcth indon soma (1552-l.: i il)rus canna itaa ti va xidmati haqqmda fik irla r mv cud du r. Lak inhu faktm - kazak larm rus dvlat indu hcrbi gc kimi isufadccdilmasinin daha erkan tarixa aid olduguuu qabul ct rnuk laz nugvlir.. K a za k adr Maks Faamcrin gs tord iyina g re rus .fcrman la-nnda ilk defe 1395-ci ilda akili r (Fas mcr 2, 158).

Bu szdan troyen kazacok sz do rus di linde sluqa (xid-mcti) ma'nasmdadu (WaHCI (Bax : H.3 Hll.eJlbl\taH. bOJl b ~llloii )](all]lo. c.159).

Ka zak L'Jolstoyun Horb va S lh rom aumda da Nata-sn Rnstovunm yaxtnlan arasmda mashur olan loqobidir, Bu adusri n qa hrnmanlarmdan olan bu qrzcrgazm erkynly. dikbas-IlgI, laubah herekutlori sab abinda n ya rarmusdrr. Hy tITO, tea-Ja K l\i aii (Mapr,n LI.l\lIITpIJel31Ia Ka3aKoM naasmana Ha'ratny] -roaop nna on a JlaCKa51 PYKOi-1 Haratny nO)lXO)lHBUl YIO K nee PYKcGC3 CTpaxa J[ BCCCJlO . Kazak rus dilindo igid, casur, na vazis lisz: Tenepi. canucr. , JG13'lK, npol\felK Kl133 Ka l\fII, - CKa3aJl Byau-ra II JICrOI-ILKO OrrOJIKHYJl OT ces BaCHJllUI (Kynpur r. Ko-uoxpans r). Rus farniliya h Kazakov, K azakov kazak la bag h-d Ir (CynepaHcKaH...85).

fi aKJla r a - (llJl.lIra, nocYll.a - trk dillarindan ahumad lf.BUllunla ya ll a~ 1 rliS dililldD 6aKJla)KKa, 6aKJlORKn (sd qabl), 6aK-Jlyrna, 6aKJlara (rus dlin in dialcktlorinda) i~ lan ilir (W aHcKl1,32). Rus dilinda a~agldakI ITIv 'nalarda i~ lodil i r:

13aklaqa harbi sahv szdr , me tal, yasti qab; flyaqa. 8s-ga rin z iJa da~lyacagl lavazimatl daxi ldir (CCPJl5I T, c.248).H\Jrl:l.i tC llnin kimi: Il OCJl e}~ 1l11 e , 3an03ll.3BlllHe J110ll.lI , nOll.OTKHyn1I0Jlh] lllllIICJICii noll. nO>lca, c6eraIOTcJI K CTpOIO 11 npoTHcKllBa-10TOI B cBaii P}JlIbI, 3

~ J70 ~

I '

n UT!. LlCHh-,uCllh":KOii 110 a.a pc II t ucun.c x. ccn.-uun. :\ O' H.'IOI.B011a B GaKJTarC renaas. npor-ruu.uraa onn a c06('(,1"01 IJ Kj" IY( ECfJJ hIC B H o no p OCCIIII ) . Bakkul. I (rus dtli kinno-ozialomose ki lisi ile ] se kl ince da isla dilir. . . GaKJIC~-o.'Q n..pwx)" ., c,13"1 H.v u-.Will Ayr,/I" .lr,' I ' l"hcclClimld. i td.l "- kelim.-I,,,. , 10('.

-====--

Azorba yca n trkco sindc nisan al ame t (qad tn adt da var ho-nun ma'nada Zarnisan ] va nisan ah naq (hodafa g trrnok, qaro-vulu alm aq j. ui snn qoymaq (balli isara qoymaq. ni san lamn aq(adaxhunaq - z k vcrrnok). nisan-d s nis am vimpel va s. 1118' -nalarda islonmnkdedir. KDOda vlamat. caha t. nisan ma'na-larmda ras t gn lirik. A ltun yz kdo ox nisa n va rdrr (IV boy).

ri :llll llfiY1YI\: . n;l ~i h llz u l{ - Trk qcyri-niza mi ordusunun,, :-;g.ni . Trk dilindo azg m. pnzgull me'nnsi ru ve ren basyb ozuk

( ba ~ ~ bas va buzuk pozgun szla rinden dir. (Radlov . 4.16X4: Fasm cr 1. 139) . Trkiyu trkca sinda de cyn i!a harnin l11a'-nulnrdadrr vu bil ma'nuda du urnb dilins kemisdir (basibozuk -nskcri olmuynn, sivil. askcri zidd basrpozuk qrup lar).!

Rus dilinde osson rehmsiz, baskosau ma'nalaundaislodilir: He u yrail rccs : He fi :lI l11l(ipYE"~ KaKol i - III1 GYJlb ( 4exOB. HO' I" Il CP C}1 CYJlO~I))). Hu termin tarn mecazlasaraq ogrular.fm lda q tlnr mo'nasmda islodilir: CKynUlIlKU - pmfioiianxn 1:1 3-r ypam.uuc. Ga IIlIlUY1)"I\: 1I l') l'e llKlle, na cearoi! PYCII on rap-Cl\ IIC J 13 CpCTll

~ 172~

agatay turkluri nin dilindo soranc ruut. Inrman tn. buvuruji unicrarst me 'uas uu verun yasaul szudond ir (Radlov. 3. 215).Azerba ycan dilindo uasavu l, talar dilindo yasaul kimi islumn isdir(Fa srncr, I, 28),

Sz n ma nseyi yasa. qan un s zndo ndi r, Ysaul - xa-run yasa zra buyurugu nun icrats rdn .! Bnska kov da qadi mtrk horbi rutbalarindan damsarkon bclo sxlor strastnda CS3-

ul//esaulba~1 s zle rin i qcyd cdir.2EcaYJI CapaT KO - cacona ronoun - K Kil IKlloii plOMI\C ro -

ROpllJI npncnoasa (Iipcrcr). Esaulov rus famili yast hemin sz-dan yaranrmsdtr [Cyncpancxax ...41).

Azarbaycan dilindo yasavul: Qarsuda durur rnalak yasa-vul/ har kimi gre r dc yer ki, savul (X tai] .

Opna. Ordu - orda: xau d~1)rgi:}s i lladlr, k c. kiik ~hor, tayfa birliyi, horbi dserge trk diller indon. 0 cmlcdcnAzarbaycan dilinden aluunadi r (Radlov, I. 1072; Fasmcr 3.150). Ordu - xaqamn oturdugu sohor. Bundan ah naraq xaqanla-n n oturduqlan Kasqar seharina Ordukand dcyilruisdir. Ordul3aJasaqun yax mltgmda bir sobor (M.Ka sqath . 1.124 ). K 1I1lltorpag mda Eski Ordu va Aznrbaycanda quditu O rdub ad suhu radlarr o x gilman ki, szlin ilk Il1U'n aSI ilH a laqdan.ltr. (( Ordu -xaqan1l1 bulundugu ycr va ya iqalllr.1"00"'.l KOlllIIllJWIOIl." ((":"III

ham in in nisba ton kiik trk tayfa bnl ikluri nin adlurnu bilduunpecllcq urdan. turkman ord usrva s. ifaduln r saklindo isl-uuui sdir.

Bu s z asagrda vcrdi vimiz nnumalarda honun nus'na da -dtr: Kanra cnnr un. 111' .mo.urrcm..c ruouaemu K rhIMCf\ I I~I I I. 110 -racxrum. lJCpKCC{,' ,[MII n J(\,GaIJCKlI l"ll l O[Ji l :'Ii\III , hWI up ort tnuLIO Karam.n us n ( {(I k TOp 1H1 ll c'rp a l) . IU ;YJl)IGll lCI:(/".\IB I"vjl m lf J

I ,

abidolordeki divar sa killari na osasa n {orada qrhuch. digor silah-lar qursanus adamlar . sa hnolar V;) s. vardir) bda bir li ~m guli.rki, cafinaa ntn yaranma tarix i a rlmanus qalsa da. ox gurnnn ~I :onun prototip i biz in . oxsay h incasanat ab id;) l anll(h~ uk simtapuus-ra smi ila rastlasd rgmuz bir z! (tiyal i) soq di qthnciolmusdur Siskin in fikrince . ikizl agtr qihn cdan. (pala:;;) da hayngl ohm birzl qih nca dogr u cvol yus iya . sonrn G16Jl}l }).'1Iminicitiyinin rakmillosmosi vu mnhnuzdan istirad'lyn kcmoklu(beln ki, tc kco mahuu z qilmc zarbosi iiun va cib olan lazu nidayagr yarada bilcrd il bagh idi .! . . . .

Rus bedii dilinde h'Jl11 luk, hom du trk ctnonnm 11,) bir-likdo islodilmisdir: Msr GpOCllJ ll lCL K Ca6JI5lM; n a!>I " 1 1I01l

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .,A ra m an szndon rus dil inde bil' suu leksik vah idlur ya-

ranrmsd rr: Arananoncrc; aTi1I1JaHCTC - Lcyb-qvard iya kazakpo lkl annm bit inde xi dru nt eden kazak. Atamanstvovat - ara -ma nhq ctmok, basrhq ctmuk, reislik ctmok. Atamanslvo -atamarun ve zifas i, rrbosi.

C a an a rc. Sad::lk - ox vo yaYIIl gab l, kolatJ; balkard ilind5SaOak, sad ag}) (Fasm cr J, 540). Sund nk - ox W ) kamanisaxlamaq n. Saqaydak qodim rus dilinde saqadak, saqaydakburu inqul ayuun sol qolu Saqaydak aYI II1Jl ,I(JI11 [ da aid cuuukolar, Trk di llerin dan alunu adir (Rad lov 4,238; 274, 299).

Rus dilind o caiinax, carauax, rtoncaa n a-un.rc ( II0 )f(hl) bclubraqlan aderen saadakm al u nda gozdirird ilo r: bu iti, na-ik b tnqkoluqa Vu zirchlo ri dc sib dagltmaq ll laz tm olu rdu), sukillu-rind o ox er kan kc a bi lmisdir. (A. K. ToJlCTol . Kuur CCpCGp}l~tu .ni). Azerbay can dil inde sad ax, sada q - svariforu mnx sus si-lahlan (ox, ka man) das nn aq n istifadn cdi lmisdir. Duri, pnrnyaxud tuetaldan dz o ldili rdi . Sndax trk xalqlarr (Horn ininazarbaycan hlar], mon qoll ar arastnda, habcle J7 es rdan Rusi yadugenis yayilnu sdrr. Trk dille rindan basqa dil lero (0 cmledonruscava- saydaq) kcmisdir. \ KDQ-da ox qnb r dcrnu kdi r. Sada-gmdan toqsan oxm yeru dkdi (VlI Tboy).

JI IILI'lap . Yamar - iz tur.j ani ca i yeni ordu ... 1330-c~ ilda Orxan rarefindan asasi qoyulan ta b8 qa (Radlov 3, 33 1),Fasmcr 4, 558.

Su ltarnn llH vacib lv sax lad lgJ pi yada qo~ un h issal a ri 8v\/ \)I-lar Sultan h akim iYY

p enre Ha WII X JIHTCp a TOpO H (I;o~lI.lIIo j i %

I, I

1

yponcr ao ncrtnna! Ha - rro onu KOM Y-JlIt6y.'1h. Tril 60]1R31111'1I(I BLlTpJ'lCTIl 113 ytnciiHa6I1BwYIOC}l B HIIX BlIY. xoropaa npu K

l lll B03J1bIXallIf5J ('-{eXOB. OeKOJlhKJI .. .): Ucuz zvq l sunu tkar,os il sarratdan uzaq cizma-qa rai, hay-kyu: )l(allllY LL'apK 31Ja-er , 6alla:1III1IIIK CTa KJIil . i--I C6 0 Cb, rmcan cuo pnccx na JI OTy",mJJelllUI lTJIaKaJI (

I C 1060 pl.> COtlIH!" "'HIfULluK'IIIPbl . Qtraqlan deriden tikilmis kavaler sa lvan(Dal) . Trkca ca ksur sz ndo ndir, yngl mahuddan tik ilmispantolon , cnsiz sa lvar me 'nast ndadrr (Rad lov 3, 1840) - Fasmer4,36 1. saksir oznanet sarovan, pr isitie k sapoqam ()J."'IHT-prrce CT5I 55 1).

Azarbaycan dilindo axur. Dsasan qad tnlara mexs us ge-yim kimi basa dslr (ARL, 396) k bar aila qad mlanna maxsusbu gcyim ayag l biizmali salvan xarladir . Tarixi rus harbigey iminda xsusi yeri olmusdur: )lp0)KaIllHMH PYKaMIi OH BbIBO-

pa~Jl1Ban Kap MalibI C TaKOH CHJlON, TOq UO XOTCJl H COBceM Bbl6 -pO CHTb H3 'lIIK'UlP (Kynpna. Eperer]. Ki tabm qey dlari ndatJl1K411]1 ['1-6 p IOKIi C KO)J(aliOH np oxnanxoil Jl.nR reapnc rtnee -KaBaJlCpUCTOJ3 saklinde serh vcrilmisdir.

)J,OJlIfl\JaJl, nonouan - M.Fasmerin fikrince, doliman qu-sar gdakisidir, gman ki, v usiz dili vasitasila altnrm sdrr.Trk di linden almm is do lama sz qtrrmzr yamar plast me' .nasmd adrr. Fasmer hu sz trk di llar indaki dola (bkmak,sanmaq) soz ila baglayi r (Fasmcr I , 525-526).

Topladr gutuz matcriallardan aydm olm ki, dolaman ha mtrk a sgu rle rinin, hom da rus asgerleri nin - qos un zabitleriningcyim ad r kimi isladi lir: M JJe onuosry ona noacpnna TaHY mofi -

~ 185 (!;;>~ -===_

Q

-Bil K O}1II0MY odntucpy Ancxcaunp uiicxor-o rycapcxoro 1I0JI/{tl, B'iCp IlOM MCHTIf Ke 11 B 4 ('pHO ~1 ;10: 111' 1:111 (' ( I"CPIlCJI, Cy.'1T311 - harbi gcyimda zabit papag rnda la lok . Sultanalmasmda ki lalcyi xanrtadrr. Rus tef a kk r nda sultall almasr- das-qa sa tutulmus ag lalakli ag alma Trkryaniu s imvolu idi:rus qa libiyyatini g stamn bir ox S0 I1;)1 nsc rlerindo - Pc tcrb urq-da .IJ, Yckarerinamn byiik abida sindo. arskoc-Sc loda nma yisetdiri lon ba tali ya mvzulu xalada ayaq lar alun a aulnus sultan

'~ll11 a~l tasvir olunur. Bu sz a~ya ilo barabor rus dilinu keernis-dir. Bir nea nmunoya nazor sala q: Hatua TOJln 3 cocr annxnaeerces vcpnux q,paKoB. pyrru.rx mmm . rpYJlII lCKIIX nannx. KII-pacnpcxux fienstx KOJlcrOB, cY!lTaJlOR 11 nasce KIIRCp OB (Jlopcp.Sanncxu xroero npextetm}; B o06pajKCIl IIl0 A JlCI-.:CallJlpOBauapr, pJlCYCTCH JOnOTLIM B roru-rccxo KOpOIlC, rocynurn _spso-cnunu C cepcpon. nxmcparop - 'I Cp lll, lM C 'IOJIOThl l\l a1130 ronosc u tn cxr 6eJlbIM cyrrrnuou (A. Ky npnJI , I); Hy CKa)KII -,TC nOM)' onuauy, - OTBC'ian na Jan poc OT BOT'iIl HHOrO 1I.Cl1ap~ raxrctrra, - ' IT06h 0 11 OCTaBan CH KapaYJlIIT CBOII 6 YMan i (JI.TOJi-cron . Boiina 11 MIlI ; Pc6HTa n OllYMaJIII , -rr o OH IICaacnao nuC lC MII 6erJlblMII.lla " nomcap aynun ere (

H1flJCr O, KpOMe TO'UlOrO CTO~ H II ~ na nocr ax , 3 MCiKJlY l CM KaK1'33 TyT , na xapaym.nn o-tepe nn xarnrraua Mnn ncpa npuJlBOPUC, n p OlI30 1l1CJI ae cs xra tI p C3BWIaii HLlii 11 TpCnO)l'\llbl ii CJIY-'l aU (JIecKoB 4cn OSCK na xacax); Ber n.. II KTO? 5I JKC T BOiiKapa}'Jlhlll>lii 113'13 JIh1l1l K, CT3n o 6h1T b (Kynpuu. lloennu ox);Hertpeercnuo lJT0 6 1.l eMY nCCIIJIKlI PYtKbeM 11 3 - Kapa Y:1 nenana,nO -COJlJlaTCKH (Kynpun. Eonor o): Bee ) TO un u noop ax ae-MMe noen-i, KaK , nanpna ep. nO CT Y npoxonoro n orpc u. y n ra -MCIiJl , B ), apaYJI bIiOM nosrc, y ncncx uoro 51111Il Ka (

Balda ck sp rcssi v maq am da kob ud, qaba ad am haqqmdaifadu kimi islad ilir:

_ Ax, Ka KJfC Mbl ncacnuc ! lianna -rt.t , anna' (Fopt.xuil. 1' 0 -pesisuca Ilancn).

Ayparu soklinde uzunsaph toporlar herdis adlarurdt . XV I-XVII as rle rda a labcrdal ar xalq ordusunun vo ox atanla nn usassilah(al1 say rhrdt . Tuba rzin (balta) admdau J a tope r-tubar sax la-III hr.

Qadim Rusda, I Pyotradak ar taxtuu u ha r iki torafindamuh afiza ila r iyiula rinda topor durardrlar. Onlar daha ox yuk-sak sanatkarhq nmunesi sayrlnusdrr. Rus di linde onlara sofutoporlan dcyordilar . uki tontanel i qobullarda al indu qtzrllnisla mni s toporlar olan milhafizeilar g rnardi la r.!

Sonralar toporla rruzragtu bir losm esindcn ulahcrdu adhsilah yaramr , amq XIX osrden ko polislariniu isllraU,) ctdiyisilaha evriiir.>

Alabcrda: N iza ile tarnamla nan agac saph fiqurlu ha ltasakli nde qadim s ilah (Rusiyada XIX nsrin ortalartna qodnr ~ahar kcsik ilarinda saxlanthrdt] (CCr JI}I. LI , 9 1).

KUIlif\::t.1I - IJu sz znn mxtal'f n vlcri!o (adlan ile ]islanil ir. ~(KIl Il if\nJ I szn n islamnasi he la 1596-cl ilda qcydaahnnusdi v a noqay diliudak i Kbl mf':l.'1 szne yaxtndtr KII I1-il\:3J1 sz cti01oloji cohi)tdJn X;Jllcar s zli il;) u l aq;)d ;:mh r. ~Azmbayc3n dili nda x \J ll C\Jr va dal1l ~ lq dilinda x:'lIl:l l i ~l adi lir.Qafqazm fathi ilB a laqBdar l1l S ditndJ hBlllin d\'n lan i~lI JlX TCJla , ]I MJJ lmlo . 1'. /51 216.-' r4>.OJmHI06 Ib /lcmopm/ mlOp"/lJ.II06 6 P.I"ccKoli ap.vxeii /fOli 1/"!,P- 'I/III010.'/I/I." C TI>, 1983, .\95. d 7.

~ ) ;cm~ or,ld.,. 5.20.

-=====-_ ""'~ 190~

1IJ,lii uua .nn C JlOpO:A

Il uau K YJMlIlJ na 'n uraer 6j'KBanhll0 nuura'n, ropar--l1l (venen-cxuii. K HltiKK a cexoe).

Bu sz rus dilinin z szlorila birlosarok maraqh V;J WIl -gin scmantikaya rnalik bitlasmaler yaratnuslar: I1 Gor ~ Ioi ~ ~1.JTO )TO fiunn aa oranapcxuc IIOLlBIIIl I, nocnu uc XHTpOCTII,uosnue aacamr, nepeerpenen . uosncr u B nocnux -rpytuofiax yKOCTp OB ( A .K ynP IfH. Xpapuc crncuu ); TaK CB.lITOrop, 113-PO Il Hbli urar s rp r, naiuero )1l0C3, emir D )Kene3uQ!\1 rpoc: Ha -KltII3lOT ua ero rpoc 3aKphlTOM BCC HOBblC opym: nyun rr-6bCT Caeroropa ere orartapcxn Jl)'X; XO' leT BUTHJb KOMY 6CIfJlY CJl,3Th, He eper HU HO; lt BCC xpcn sc cnnpacr ca MOl1"mliJlYX, :lKene3Hhl rpo6 BCC K3lJa eTC.lI (ll .Jlcccon. O CTpoBIIT.lIlle ) : 51noccnancs 113 n neae, na neaci, nOCJ1 C Macro noneurn 33CHy hGo raTbl pCK IIM CHOM: (A .OYWKlill . Il yrciuecr unc n Apapyn):Heyxro Y H llbl Haanoenu Il O r oro ora 'n.rpcx nc CIIJIM, vro.)'3113n OT MaHIi BeC-TaK iKC lITO Ta Morna paccxanasars c, on ance-raxn cure MOiKeT coxpans'n, cn oxocmuc 11 iuy nrrs?(HJIceKon. Ocrpoeuranc): Fnaaaxtn cc HCIIO npcncr aunaercanonyx pyr orar r.ipcx on r pY Il II ua-m uatouini ca y onuoroxonua nO,UOKOHliltKa H oKaHt 1l1B310rnCJlc.s! na cpenuuc IIpOTlIBoncncsoro acpnncaneuon eropom-i oxna ; 13ec lIOIo B nnc-r pnncncnn nocnc 1l0.s! BJICIIIIC B :n OM n ecy ll nann K YJ h M ll t la nee He-' IC3, H YiK onsuic HeT aroro llPCI\I)' l l cr o orarurpu (r.YencII-cxuii . KIIIDKKa u exos).

Bu trkizmlo bagit rast goldiyimiz bir fakt da maraqudtrki, bu da boqaur (baqatur-bahadn) szn n diger va riant t o lanbahr sznn da cyni ma'nada i~l i)llnmsidir : UI1)l!ITC, - npo)lon-)Kan OH, - 3TO CTaJIO He OT !>teIlH a OT He re , nOTmi)' tlTO ll X BOBCCX Pblll bn e CKa x n c p Bbl GaThi ph Clfll TaJJClI (H.JlccKon. Olla~pOBaHH bl cTpaHHIlK). Boqatlm sz qadlll haqqmda i ~ lundikd\3o n u n fiziki gc yox, daha o x n l;J 'n a v i gwlliyi, m;J'n iJv i gc_ aliliyi nazi.lrdu tutulur: rvi aT b TBO}! GJ,lJIJ Bcn llKaH }f(CIIWll lla.GoraTI.I (J b, repOIIH}!. llo6p aTa - TO H llcii GLlm\ I1pll ~ta.ll , Bhl CO-Ka.sl. , YCeTH311, lil t 3TIIX CCIlTl IM eIlTaJl I>1I0CTcii rJlynhlX , 1111 IIq m .HlI 'l ero ) TOrO nypaUKo ro 'l CM XBaJIl lTClI 11 3111 11 CJlaGORc p ll hie KY-

'%;=> 192 ~~

'Icpa R IO Ka x [ll. Jlccxou. Hcxyna). Bu motnon bah adrr ruhl uqadm tumandn g rusc da duxilon arabatya borabor tutulan is-tcrik xununlarl a qarsi las dm hr.

Rus dilinde hoqanr trkizmi sabit torkiblari n yaranma-smda isu rak cdir: Pyccxn connar are. fipa'r - tIYJlo-or aTLlpn,KaK HlB OpllJI cccucpruu Cynopoe (A.KynPII II . lll r ac-xarm-t au Ps rn nxou): ... 11 pO CKOIJIHa1l. II CMK3 ncr ana 11 n On Of\II Jlacuoro G~JIYIO, Jl .UJCKO or x pyryro H3TOB)'I0 PYKY n a nnc-ro C11a-IIHIlCKoro OIaTI.I IHI -:\1o:lOlIua B KOMHaTC n

xapne, Ja n a UW IlC, PYKII cyxuc M ;UICI Jh K1IC, c nO JIOCa J 1>1\ 11 1 icuc 1>1 -Mil . . _

KlIp ll l1~l . Bu SZ 1115 di linde tikint ida isludilan gildun h ~lzrrlaunus kiik til' al1bY I ~1Il1 bild irir. QiHlim rus dilindo luuninanlayrsi ifadu cuuak iiun 11..11111110, 11:111111111. , 11.'I In;l , .' Il - Cnyuraiir c, panocn. , 33QCM Ta KIW P llll'llI T h CiI '! Ilc 1o.: 1I1J1111 'lII t'h, n yura Moa , KpOBb n cn oprmnt.( KY II P IIII. I IOCll ll IIO K ). Ke rpi c soklindo, dam a-dama parn:Oncra OHa 6 1,1J11 BMCCTO r OJIOBbl - ncncpna a yru m,IIJ IlI 1":lI jJIlII ' I ? (Lvcncncxnft. lh ncpcacnc soro nnca nnxa). Rusaralar s z Vu ma sal le rn do kirpii trkizmi daxil ola bilmi sdir :K Op MIlT Ka JJa 'l OM, na u emmy KllpJl H'-IOM ( flOCJlOBIHILI, II nero-HOp ld !. .. e .4 76). Rus famili yasi K irpiov bu s zle ba ghdrr.

J{O'I !IJ ,,:o ' ll'naTb: ' S Z kk kc bu ma'nada bil' ox trkdil lorindo clc-maldar anlayrslan n xsusi ifado vasitas idir.M. Kasgari lgulnd

K huyau: buruda dzul uuu cv : C Ka;'K,'l hl;\ l ,'ll1l'\l Hel' l H) -nee YCTpaJ lBaJJaCb n a iu a IJO,' IY"'O' Il'JI;llI ;.J1:l !J IJ b () i et CI,lIl' 10,'l l,1Larpona BJlYKa). Qaqtnlann Yl5tlY I ~ I: ., _lil'C51TL p:n nar .nn COJI-nar npnzmpan uci, K JlCC'laCTlIOI Kj-'lIKC ,KCJlIHllH II JJlo) lci i .paCnOJlmIOlBlIJ IICC}[ Ha KO'Il'Bf,C B Yrny Tucpckcui um.na.ru. IlOTOF -lJC yxcnn.cn JIO Cf0 upnxmy (iJ I,UWC 11 J{Y;"If,I, 1 KII. ). 1\1asl rhurbi Iermin ynradtimasmd., hu xzdnu istifad o cdilmisdir: J(U-'IYOUlIiC opynuc - yc rini deyiscn top : KOllY10JIIll ii raru. : f)li ~ monde arull criyanm Inrkihi, vcri \'"l ali)~ sisterui huqqmda y a ll lr ~fikir oyatmaq n bir ncca al;)$ mvqcyindun ardrc.! ala:;; acanaynca top ',10 ya al ~ bbnosi. ' Rus familiyasr KO'1 CBOii \..:0I). Bbl no BIIJJJI M OM Y, BCC c- rracre 0 pae Bmanaurc a IIC, 0 J!CHb r Jx. A J TO - ncxruoro DO TCnepCllJIIOMYnpcxrcun . KOr;13 0 umnarue IJ p ac He BOCnOMH JlaCT JI3)I(CB llJYTKYOf(aJICTa ).

ljC'PWlK - rus dilina trk dillerindan kcan bu s zn(Radlov 3,18 69) osas manboyi iran mansoli hesab olunur (Fas-rncr 4.336). Sz mnnsayina gro [ars szd r. ik i hissedsn iba-retdir: nr

c lan crdak soz ndan }, Muqu yisu cduk: crdn kh Ulv.r-no vsk vi layntiud uki schar ad uu hildiru'.!

Bu sz n clave mu'nalnnna rus diliudan top Ii1d 1t!1l1lll. dilmatcn allannc mayv-n qudar da olsa qars tlnsmaq olm. H ,, ~avezmdo : J..la Y -rc a Ha 'H'P,l:Ih':(, - 10 II TU ro nopu' r. nnuxauo? -CCIIO . H 3DIIIIIITC r o no ptrr, y ucna . .. na IlJ IC'1m i~ !-; ilsi /IJ oc rkJerinda fez-Lez i ~ ! ;)d i Inli:;;d lL Burll(J;i a yalo t. ~alw ri ll(hJ kcoll as rin GO-Cl illorinin ba~langle Jilda lllilddi C\lhull!J ll ~ I X Il1 I J i\'illdu ya~ayan a~ag l ta baq a -111 11 h iJY'lll aks ollll1mu~d l! r. Hu aglr sos ial miih itd

dilani me ise n. a ~ a ~;J toboqcnin surxoslugu. m t'iliyi, c.ihnlut Vi )bu kimi agl r hoyat demckratik mvqcdon isrqlaudmlnu sdrr. HIlheya t terzins aid bil' o x xsusryy.ulor yaztuun digur sonrakroserler ino do kca l' : :lI1 i ~dir. Y all":l z hu huvau iuuumilusdi-riei tcrminl a - P;IOPHBllJlIlI1. IJJ IIJIO CBH11all J.C(Toncro. {():lbH BOJI~); B 11 II.eTpYMellTll. OM capac CTO.llJIl f nop ,II11-KaM Tenen " COXII, nJlyr ll, oponn ( q >aJlbUJlI Bbi C ncus r u} Oxsat-I11n, banzatmu : B OrpOMIIOM 11 nYCTO KaK capaii, KOMH3TC.. .croann !l BC Kp OB3TH (Kynpna. Tpyc): (6ml3 urarrunna} Bnyr-pi l neecapano I1 xpai inc ncnpu encxaremuo (Hexoe . B CY11C))).

CCIl3m"c3 1l3iL Rus di linde islonon ser a l var ian bu dilefransiz redaktesi i!" daxil OI 111u~dur. RlIS edebi dil ina kitab yo luil\') daxil al an seral daha eksprcssiv alarda, sultan saraYI, lm ~I'v111 Xana kimi ckzotik dvyvrlnrda sasloni r: ... 11 6Y11TO 6hl if C6 h lJIO 111I lI.a JI HOp ll.C Y n e r o , lIJf no ncpCB mlM cra IIH 011110" nc-HYIllKII, Ka KYIO 6 LI 0 11. K ccGe, B CDOJO ccpa;n,.; ua nepnyJO HOll LlIe Tp e fio BaJr ( liYHl IH.- ~< lianJIaJla))). Pa:3~IOBeKa}l pacCKa3bIBa-OT , . '-ITO KJlH3J. Tpy 6cTCKOI '-ICpe3 i lBa MCC.SI. Ua n p OJl a CT )J{an.H-1tl1l p OBCK)'l O 11 CCpaJIL T)1>CIl KOMY cYJrraHY (n .WerOJJOB. AJI CK-CCCIlCKl l ii p

asr in ortalannda kcnusdir. Rusiyada kalanalar so hordo poli sidaralart vo yang m hissalari binal an uza riuda qurulurdu. Turkcakala (n)a- k iik qala (Iljancxuf H.M. 2, 24). Dnut ricv do S7n-a. - e kiil uua sakilisin in kmayi ilu qala va ya qllu sz n-di311 diizaldiyini qeyd cdarak knluna lckseruinin q alu a szn-dan ya randtg tna s tn lk vcnr (Dm. 559). Soherdo tikinti , qiil l' l(Okurkin) - Bvepa, lIIaT)1I1Ka , C 1c113 JlO IICCCHll ii ) .1Rus bodii dil inde ha lnqan s znn ox maraql r meeaa i

rua'n ala rma rast ga lni k. Yngl mvaff aq iyye t. ucuz sh rat:Kpyuuuu i npoucnr nou ren no TOPUO" nopere nsanc-raa jlBYMhl-CJIClI lIOro Ii n n ara t mnru vcnexa , aaxynncntax IIlITPUf (A.Kyn-p IlII . (~K cnaac]. Burada' keernis meshur artist olan nca sa?atprofesso m artist olmagi qerarlasdtmns ge ne qiza-z ta lebes inebu yo lun cotinliyi va dram artistlarini gzleyen aq ibat haqqmdaxaburdarhq cd ir. Balaqanmy uspex ifade si bir gnlk ligue,hay -kylu, qonda rma nail iyya tlar, qlsa m rl. laki n basgicel-landiron sevinc va s. ma 'nastuda anlanth r. Asagida gsterece -yim iz misaJda bn laqnn trkizmi yngl, asa n basa ge len is, ay-lonco, cyni zam anda ibarobazhq me 'nasirn vcrir: Il oeaat.mair eTO. lITO r p c y e r c s lI a CT3BJICHHCM, 3)leCL BaM He a n a r an n aCIHlToii He;lcnc (Kyn pll ll.

WCII Htl$l JIO\ b ( 11.fiYIIIIIf . O 'G1HI[ I[ hJt: }11 11 1 ) . Yazrr buradaqrmuzilann qal obalari nat icasindo artan hurcma rcliklur iindasuda bogula n sarnan pndan yaptsar dcyilon kim i hur birdeyis iktiya bel bagl amaqdan. midvcri ci na iso g zlom nkdan ar-nq usanrm sdir. Odur ki, mhacirar s rxmuiannda bu ra zo xaberido inamsrz qla qebul edir. bu qurulusun arttq dayismaz oldu-guna aruq inamr. buna grodir ki, hor cr yc ni xobari soyuq-qanhqla , midsizhkla qarsriayrr. Hurada onun ycmdon csitdiyiasli ne arxaik s z olan va ycnida n canlan dm lnn Jcgion szyaztmrn alominda hay-uyl lICUZ balaqan ta 'sir i bagl~JaYlr.Il oceror pen ra3CU!. Bce TOT /KC a.uuun IOKa$l IIl IIoIC 11I1m .Bu sz Buninin gsta rilon as e nn de ox islod ilir.

L.N .Tolstoyun iri becmli Son e t na dcm..kdir? muqalo -sinds aynca bir bas hq dekadent e dahi yya ttla ra hosr olunmusdu .Burada yazrmm islotdiyi anaran unura , anaranuo, ifadoside yn gl, uc uz s hra t. sonet adma g zo kl iifiinu n me'na lann -dadrr : Bec J TO TaK rnyno. 63.1an1ll11. YTO Yll IIBJI51Cl ll bOJ. Ka KMOJYf monn er apure CCM" n CT Cep l.C3110 npnc yrca ona'n, npn3TOM: 110 rtacav n xnaauopaaoaanu u x mozieii ClllUIT 1I B1IJ1Ma-rern. uo CJlywaI-OT, 11 eMOTp51 T, 11 I\OCXIlI III,:1I0Te}l (Tnl stoy gs-tarilon maqale si, osarlori . LXV, s. !52). Balaqan xz a~agldag sterocoyimiz misallarda da yuxanda gs tordiyimiz ma'nalarayaxmdirsa da bu SZIl nnla nundn daha xaraktcrik misalJaniJr:3ap hll laJI. 3all J,l)l - cpoma 1I0JlOCbl , r OI\Op l lJ l KIIW3b lUaxoBcKo.Ha }IpMaHKax B 6aJIarallc Tc6c lI rp a Th . ::h o lil' apTlICTf,J, a Ga-.Tla r a ll ll hl C na5lJ~bJ (A.fIall acBa. 13ocllm1J 11l:111 1l5l ); .uo Trom BpC-MCIIII B pyecKofi mn cpaTYPC cmc li l' 6 1.IJ[0 n p JllllCpa ' IT0 6l>1 ]10-Ma H nll CaJ IO I B1J:BOCL\I , 11 110 J1"OM)' lIonony U.l l.I ;OTKllll rOnOp llJIIl alf3cBY: HCJIb3 51, JlJ06C3I1bl ii .l1pyr, Hem'Hl Cp a MllT h TaK CBoiiiK)l)J1aJll) - :)TO Oa Jli.l rall CT llO. :)TO Y" lliK

GblJl cnostan , npy roii 3aFlaJICH GYl\lUnn.H1 II Ge JlbCM (1 IYI1JKllll .E nmCTCKIIC ll4 11) ; lJ OT 1I1 O"l'BCJHl MCH5I B "l'1> IOp1\lY, IJ oc'rantumOJlIlO!,O TC CHOii tcon yp tcc, C OJl IIII IIlH rOJlf,1111H C1'CW1:>1I1 n C OKO-tu e-r x o zr , 3 a r Op CJKC' Ql hli>1 )I(CJIC3H OIO P CUI CT KOIO ( K al11tTIK

Trk dillariudo, 0 cu tulodan Azarbaycan dilindo pis at mu'nnsut -da salax s z Lcrmontovun dilindo islanmisdi r. L Cn n 0l1 10 VQatkazl t asarinda Rusiyadan bura ckzotik ofsanuv i alumu GIIlatan yeni Oafqazh -u ra rini yaratnus, gc yimindak i ma skaradltq -dan tutmu s atma quda r onu mosx oroya qoymusdur: no tunat. -lIlf CThl li IlIaJI.'lO X 11 nee t. xocnou epxcccxu, oropuf n a.ac-

J3aJ OTCJf TOJIhKO B BaIJmf,lX CJI)"'J(HIX JI cuurr CMY B rto.tapo Ka-xoii -nu yzn, LUIKOii KH5IIK IIOi (Kamoucu) . Aznrbaycan dilinin ar-xaik qatmda sal aq (at) szune rast gclinir: Bir sa tnq yab nu m i-nirsun, bir qusu da sklodirsen banuaqtym basma (\J. IIJqvcr-diyev Dag.lan tifaq]. Olavo cduk ki, at anlavrsr ski f atributla-n nda a n mhm (qr lmc , kz buynuzu ilu yanast] olmu sdur.!Bunlar skif medeniyycrini h ifz cdib dvriim zn gotirib rxaranqadim skif heyka llc rindo, btlerde, qablar zorindo rasra lorduz aksini taprmsdrr.

'Ienpnrc. e pra k- ya h ur altllg l. Faruk Smar .cpra k//aprak dcyiminin yahar rty nm'nasmdu fransrz, a [I11!. CT. 198 / , Ni!6 . c.l9.,. / / 10 1(/111 ll"/ ' MWII' > .q",,, ' !I 'U'Ck' J(' ,),w, ,,'IlIl U,1 (i 11O,'IJlmllli /(O X P V CCK (Ji'O JlJb/KU .'101 / -

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bMCIlJ KJI C Ta6aKOM, CT a l( .lII 1.1 C nymucv 11 ru axxrm HbJC )!OCKJI(A pa n Il er pa BCJIIIKOrO) ; Xa nxcn My pa'r RUin np cnno acctuu.u ier akan uaro 11 nOCTaBlIJI er o nepen COOo (X'-UI)I\II Mypa-r). Rusdili ferm an ti qo bul ctmlkl;'l1I0JICT:lI"-: 11 11. naK'lI l ' II IK. CTaK'IlI IKi.lTopraxoa BbIJIlIJ1 no ncrasnu u 1-faJO 11 Y'" GOJlbUl C ""' ICI"O IIC rmn.11