8
2014 !" # $" 71 #%&'()* OVERSEASCHINESEEDUCATION No.22014 GeneralSerialNo.71 !"#$20140217 %&'(!"#$%&'()*+,&-.-/01234&-5678&-9:;<-=>?@/0AB3CD EFGHIJ.-K L$M;NO&-?P-/0QR&-ST?P-=>?@UVWH-XY/0AB3CDEFG HI;<?PZ[\Email zhuyu@xmu.edu.cn )*+,UICResearchGrant 2012-13 R201307 Z?P]^-_;`abCcdefghij!"#$%&'()*+,-$./0123 ———klmnopq !"# K L +,-./01234/0567809:7 ;% 519085 <=/0%&)*09:7 <= 361102 - .>?@ABCABDEFGHIJ———KLMABNOPQRSTUCVWAB PXYZ[\]^_`aPbRABc@defg`hijkJlSUJmnopABDq(rstiuvwABDxyPz{A|s}~s}s}/`h s}PVABXYPiP ¡¢£¡P ¤¥¦§¨\]©ªP«¬-E®¯°§±AB`hP²³´µ¶q(·¸A¹ º»Bu¼ 20 !s}³7½&>?@AB`hPZ¾¿ugÀGHÁ ÃÄPÅÆÇÈÉÊ/01>?@AB`hz{A|s}~s}s} 23456G449   789:;A   7<=622219056 2014 02016008 rs J >?@ABËÌÍPÎÏÐÑ>?@ABÒA¹SPÓÔÕÖ-×ØJÙÚPÛ ÜÝÛÞ߸àáâsãPäåãÕ>?@ABpæç@ABèétêPëìMíÛ g¸ÕîîVHXYABïðZ[\]^_P`akñ`aÛZòósã Û ÛABPôõöh÷VÁøABPùúMûVòüýòËþÿM-E®òó¯° !AB"#§±)0÷"#Û ¨$>?@ABPkJë%&ø'³)*&P(YA B:/Z)def>?MAB¦æç@ABÅt*páâP+,-uB. /²0 12Ú!34Á5fI&E6bPlS789Cg`hîî1¯°tis:P;<u `h=>C?|AB@|PAþbRÒ²IJòC¯ÝBJþÒ²ChPD\EF³G/ 3HIÜÝJÓCK>?@AB=L6MN0OPQuæç@AB³¼wPR S¦TUVWp)*¦XsA|YZs}¦[\P=ú¨$`hkJ]z^_>?@A · ·

0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

书书书

2014!"

2#

($"

71#

)%&'()*

OVERSEASCHINESEEDUCATIONNo.22014

GeneralSerialNo.71

  

  !"#$

:20140217  

%&'(

:!"#

,$

,%&'()*+,&-.-/0

,1234&-5678&-9:;<-=>?@

、/0AB3

,CD

EFGHIJ.-

K

 L

,$

,M;NO&-?P-/0

,QR&-ST?P-=>?@

、UVWH-XY/0AB3

,CDEFG

HI;<?PZ[\

。Email:zhuyu@xmu.edu.cn)*+,

:UICResearchGrant(2012-13)R201307Z?P]^-_;`abCcdefghij

!"#$%&'()*+,-$./0123

———klmnopq

!"#

 K

 L

(+,-./01234/0567809

,:7 ;%

519085;<=/0%&)*09

,:7 <=

361102)

-

 .

:>?@ABCABDEFGHIJ

———KLMABNOPQRST

,UCVWAB

PXYZ[\]^_`aPbRABc@

。def

,g`hijkJlSUJmnopABD

q(rs

、tiuvwABDxyPz{A|s}

、~���s}���s}�/`h��

,��

����s}P������V�ABXY��P���i�P��

,����� ¡¢£¡P

¤¥¦§¨\]�©ªP«¬

,­E®¯°§±AB`hP�²

。³´�µ¶

,q(�·¸A¹

�º

,»Bu¼

20!���s}³7½&>?@AB`h��P�Z

,¾¿ug�ÀGH

,ÁÂ

�ÃÄPÅÆ��ÇÈÉÊ

/01

:>?@AB

;̀h

;z{A|s}

;~���s}

;��s}

23456

:G449   789:;

:A   7<=6

:22219056(2014)02016008

r

、s

 J

>?@ABË�ÌÍPÎÏ

。ÐÑ>?@ABÒA¹S�PÓÔÕÖ­×ØJÙÚP

,Û 

��ÜÝÛÞ߸à��áâsãPäåãÕ

。>?@AB�pæç@ABèétêPëìM

í�Û �g¸ÕîîVHXYABïðZ[\]^_P`a

。kñ`a��ÛZ�ò�ósã

Û ÛABPôõ

、öh÷VÁ

,øABPùúMûVòüý�

、òËþÿM

,­E®ò�ó¯°�

!AB"#§±)0÷"#Û ¨$P�²

。>?@ABPkJë%&ø'³)*�&P(YA

B:/�Z)Ió

。def

,>?MAB¦æç@ABÅt*�páâP+,

,-uB.

//²0

1�2Ú

、!34Á5fI&

,E6bPlS789Cg`hîî1�¯°tis:P;<u

。�

`h=>C?|AB@|PAþbRÒ²IJ

,òC¯ÝBJþÒ²

—ChPD\EF

。³G/

3h¶

,HIÜÝ��J

,ÓCK�>?@AB=L6M

、N0

,OPQuæç@AB³¼�wPR

S¦TU

。V�

,Wp)*¦XsA|YZs}¦[\P=ú¨$

,̀h

,kJ]z^_>?@A

·061·

Page 2: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

"

2# `ab

 c

 d

:�·¸A¹`h��e>?@ABP�Àf,

BPSy¦�ÀPghMlSiz=jCèékl�ãmPu

q(no³�!ti`hs}vD­yP�þQ�0�

,pqEr6�!§¨A¹¤¥\s

AB`hPs}tË

———��s}

,­³´�µ¶rs

、»B¼

20!���s}Z�ÒP·¸ï

ð`h��PÖº

,EÄ\à��s}�¨J$�À�u±PcH

。v�wx

,q(èéyz{|

���s}�É}P>?@AB`h��

,~Vq�>?@ABPJþ{Tw�

。IÐ�q�¸

(¬ �>?@ABP{Tw�Cí�¸(kJ¬ �@ÎÏÌÍ

、��Hô

,�����d�®

1��w

,í´�Ñ>?@ABP���@Pw�

>?@ABV��C\s`h

,=>Æ�kYAB�@qâP��

,ef&¦ABDPf,M

F��

———KLMAB

(authentictesting)P�ÀD�aaÅÆ

。��J

,��`hlS=V�°

�Cãm��

,>?@AB91�����Ió

,KLMABPTUU9�V�����¶��

�`hs}vÃ��ñ��

?gë,¦+,X��ñ

?kg:r6�!§±AB¤¥\s>?@

AB`hPs}C�Jþ

?kJs}ÒP P���¡¦GHC¢£P

?Ð�kñlSPãÕ

¤R�`h��P.¥¦ti>�

t

、uvmnwxoyzZ{|

(J

)z{A s}

(CTT)P`h¦

z{A s}§ ¡¦A.¨P`hÚ©�K.¨Pc�¦¦A.¨c�Ptª

。�¦A.

¨Pc�*«�K.¨Pc����.Pc�I�

。K�K.¨Cèé¬ôP

,Ð�¶»Ú©C

èéZ�m­A�A¹`hP

。V�

,�!<® ¡÷¯b°±A«céC����²A¹P`

hªP

,º��ZP³´µ¶�bA`hÒ²9C�kAYcé¥�A¹`hP{Tw�

B¡·`hCz{A s}�Q¦B.PA¹ÐV¬¸PJ~bRÒ²

。z{A s}��

§B¡·`h.�B¡·¹PJQM`h�B¡·½ºJQM`hAY

B¡·¹JQM`h

(n

Inter-raterReliability÷

IntraclassCorrelationCoefficient,� »·�

ICC)¼»PCeJ½½Pþÿ³(/3h¶Ë�JQM

,VZ�?|(¾B¡·�åÚÛ ³W

ÚA|¶¸ÕIQ¦B.P¼¿3h

。ICCEÀÛ\àU��ÁÂÃÅÆĨP§¨

。ÁÂÃÅ

ÆĨ³��f

,¬ÅuÆ�½ï·�.PÇÈ

,�kYÇȳB¡·JQMP��:CèÉ©�

�UCèÊOP

。í´

,³�¥

ICCf

,§ÁÂÃÅÆĨ¥�!3:.Ë¥�PAþA¹P̪

�²0�¨®u6­¥�

。�uãmLA¨O:P¨OÍÎ÷ÏþÛ =JÚKe£(PB¡·

B.PlS

,¶»

ICC�Ð*�°¨J$�ÀÑ�

(Wikipedia,2010)。ICCÛÚ©�½¹c�Ò

$c�

(½¹c�¦��~c�I�

)Ptb

。�kñc�*CÊOWÓC�ÔT

Yij=μ +αi+εij��P

。g:

Yij�Õ"

iþ.¨½P"

jþ¦A°P�.

,μCÐ�.¨P̪

,αiC"

iþ½½Ð�.¨xÖPWÓC�

,εij�"

iþ.¨½½"

jþ¦AªP×o~

B¡·½ºJQM`hq@CJYbA`h

,�»PCWÚB¡·�ØÛ DÄAÙ÷�¶

Q¦B.PJQM

。g��U�ÚZ¶»

ICCPWÓC�ÔT

,~C³¨OÛs¶ÜÝB¡·.

¨ÞïP½ËßàïKDĨþáÙB.ª�ïP½Ë

(JuliusSim&ChrisWright,2000:335)。(â

)~���s}

(IRT)ãäÔT:P`h

Linacre(1989)³ãäÔT

(GeorgeRasch,1980)P�µ¶�Àà(zãäÔT

。'-uV

��ä��£qPÛ VÁ�S�1hI&

,&VZ�åæ��=eB¡·�B¡²0ÝçPè

é3h

、eJB¡·³=eB.êÙ:B.P�Ë««

(zãäÔT.¥VL\]ÏþëzPÏþþÿP½

、&ê6ª

。kñªP̪�

1。v½

·161·

Page 3: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

%&'()*

2014!

&ê6ª�ª³

0.5Ý

1I¹f

,ABC_�ïCP

。v'I/�

1.5ì�

2f

,�íAB=Lî

0

,d��

。/�

2f

,AB��Cðñ=�`P

(zãäÔT&��Z�¥�ò.MëzûV

。kóôò.M~�ûV

,nØþÛ õ³Ø

þS~¶P¸ÕÔ@¦VÁÅvPgöÛ õ�÷ø�ù

;ò.M£¡·ûV

,n³Û VÁÅv

PD\ 

,Øþ£¡·�JþÛ õÿPú.í÷=e�gö£¡·�²Û õÿPB.

(GeorgeEngelhard,2008);

ò.MÛ ûV

,n³S�1hÅePD\ 

,Û þÿ³Øþ½ûYZS�¶

P�.¦g³B&½ûYZS�¶P�.�÷ø�Ë

(GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,1998)。

C�y³¶»ò.MëzûVC�!ëzI¹Püý¸ZP�ª�þÚP

。ÏJþüý

¸ZÛÅ�Pò.MëzûV.¥ÿ!Jþ"��¥ª

,v²ª

Z.¨P#�ª/�÷«�

2f

J$%�²ëzPò.MûV÷ø

。����y³ò.M~�ûV&'ÕЬ¸PA¹S��V

�(§¨

;�ò.M£¡·ûV÷ø&\Õ²£¡·ú.�Và�ui/"�

;�÷øPò.MÛ

 ûV&V�)à¬Sþÿ�ÐAPËÿôõ÷VÁ³*ç¶PÎ?¡ö

`hUC(zãäÔT+,P.-IJ

。øZãäÔTP¨O.¥V\]Aþ`h.¥|

JþC�ª./³

0�

1I¹P.0Ò²`h

,BJþC�ª./³

1�Óè1I¹P.0t

23ãäÔT��ÏJþzP.¥ÌV�°kAY�ª

,d��Û ëzPkAþ�ªì/ì�

�göëzPkAþª&ììì�

。ígöXëz:XR45�P�ùM¦Û VÁèÆ

。67

kñëzXR4¹P�ùMiì&V�)A|�i8PJQM

。d��Û ëzXR4

(nÏJ

þÛ þÿ

)I¹�ùMiì

,�)P9CB¡·1�ò.Û 

,í�9�JY=s:P:;

(�

)��s}

(GT)P`hB���

��s}%�Û ¦AïðPc�C��.ã�(þc�.|P

。kg:<óôHI=>�

!·¸A ��PíÛ ·¸;<P�ù?ïP·¸ïðPc�.|

(*@�A|�²c�

),U

óô×oí4?ïPc�.|

。AZ��s}P

G��¨O.¥[\V�kñc�.|¨®�

。A|�²c�.|³·¸ïðc�:ÐÒPtbì/

,·¸ïð9ì�B

。��u\8·¸

ïðP�C�M÷�BM

,9ÜR�!DEFjtb/P¨þ×oMc�.|

,�

D��.¥[

\&VGHI³

G����P�µ¶uã§H×oH|P¨|

,�§HB¡·

、 SP¨|÷£

¡cÖ«4?ïA ïð`hPIYH�

,��"#ÔÚVJKs:`hPEL±A¢B.M±

��s}³��`hf

,ò.u�Ô«N¦²0«NA P`hĨ

。D¯nÐÑ

gĨ

,Ä

¯�

PhiĨ

。kAYĨ³��fÌ�A¹�O���Pc��.P

,²c�UC.QPAþ

ü�~IJ

。BJþü�~��

gĨ�RCÅ���~c�

,ÒA¹�O¦

G��¤¥PXþ

ëzPüý¸Z?ïPc�.|I�

。��

PhiĨ�R

,'C#���~c�

,C-uA¹�O

c�.|�&PXþc�I�

(S

)̀h��P»B

z{A|s}TU P`h��E/Pë%³��Zz{A|s}ÔTPD\EFij

,L

A¨OGûVW�

。Í%JC³�'èÁ��Û VÁc�I&PÏJþc�.|

,U9èéÒ

%ÜXYDEPJñc�í4

,òè���I§±��A|P`h\àA¹¤¥czPZ�

。B

&

,g��ª�ËÿøZPÛ � ¡£q[\×�/

,C=Vä��£qP�ª

~���s}PãäÔT¦z{A s}P`h¦���s}`hsÐE/P=e³�'P

.¥��Cä��Ëÿ£qP

。�]gp^%òü_`

。'��`hP�ª=CØþA¹Paÿ

`h

,�CWàÏJþëzPÏJþR4PA|`h

(.0Ò²`h�¢.0t

)。7R§±`

h

,9��§¨�ñ`h=s:Pëzbc

。t�

,����B¡·ëzP`hÒ²ij

,]��

ò.MB¡·ûV÷ø

,9��¬Å�I6sdqB¡·

、§eB¡·fg÷hDB.!3¦@

·261·

Page 4: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

"

2# `ab

 c

 d

:�·¸A¹`h��e>?@ABP�Àf,

|

。V�~���s}PãäÔTi=VÀÕA¹÷B.í4PHG4�I[\A¹`h

��s}P`h.¥���V=Vj°£qä�

,�]èék�ÏJ¾Û ÷X[\í4Ï

JþëÙP`hÒ²

,dCiVLÒ%�`h×oi/Pc�.|P��

,VL�!yülP

G��Cà Sí4

、B¡í4ëzPXYmÚ¤¥Pc�.|�ª

,­]VL�!

D��ÀÕÏ

JY¤¥ 

,Xþëz¨|PH�§4�I[\A¹P`h

EĪ�J\PC¶»�þs}ÒPP`h�ª³¨|¶Ë�ØY��ÆÄ

。Ëÿ�R

:³

ãäÔT:Û ëzP.0Ò²`h¦z{A|s}:P³´µ¶`hÒ²CJ£P

。�³��

s}:

,nz¤¥

(n§ S¸��A|?ï×oMHùPØJëz

)P

g̀hĨ¦o.P³´

µ¶`hÒ²JQ

。��C(z��s}ÔT

,�

g̀hĨ§j�³´µ¶`h

,�³��s

}PXY¤¥:

,Z�B�²0«NP

phìhÒ²*JÚ=48�Å�¤¥P

g̀hÒ²

�!`hQRs}��Pti��

,z{A|s}:P`hĨC?|B¡·`hPbRc

é

,d�¬SH|

、S�H|«gö�V[\AB`hPH|&èV�Á

(Ipq

、rïs

,2008)。~���s}

,åËC(zãäÔTVÊO.¥.¥tuB.H

、·¸S�P1h�¢·¸AB!

3:göH|�·¸ïð`hP×o

,���k�v¦

、w<óA|·¸VÁ\]JþTU

(GeorgeEngelhard,1992)。��s}øA øZ¯V�

G���¥à=e����PÅ�[\

­V³

D��:¬A³ØþåÚPA :; \8`hPxé

(LyleBachman,1999)。~���

s}P(zãäÔTy��!taÛ ïð\8A¹`h

,���s}y��!A¹¤¥�£¡

¤¥§±AB`h

。\8·¸AB`hXYR\sA¹�B¡@|

,�����s}P`h��

CV�²zu\]bR«¬PÆ{M(|

。q(v�wx

,=j»B��z{ABs}�~��

�s}P`h��

,�C}:}»¼â~!7½&���s}�ÒPP·¸AB��

,�#���

�&�P·¸AB S�£¡¤¥\]«¬

、��

}

、e~klmn

(GT)o��[�uvCD�\

³)*ABYZ

,v¦SB.`hi�s:

,V�gChiì�ì�H@�ÜÝ��

,�Q¦

S�Vò�6KLABPsÐ

,ChU�i8

,dB.²01�v¦Ýç

、A¹ïðP�C�M

=s:iUCy#no)*L�¯

,­��)*AB��¯Æ�¦�¬PJþ1S

。Ëÿ°·¸

,m­AB

(n�Û P·¸ï��B.NO

)�9o.c�

,dUC�°��%�PELA

|céIJ

。�§7½&#�}(¨O�¼

20!����s}P·¸AB���R»B� 

,�

#��ÄÅÆ��\]JÚP��

(J

)Æ�·¸ST¢S|

JÙ·¸A ~�JþS�

,CHI����P�O

,³:7&òCÊ��Ù

,K�iÍ

。V

,¼!i�(~�����í�ü·¸S�t�üB¡·Vò�Có\8·¸ïðP��Ĩ

/�BM

。º�

:Lee�

Kantor(2007)Z��s}P.¥tË�FJw��¬ P�··¸

、�··

¸

、n ·¸«FSTÀ>P¬Õ��¡¹u(YB.Ô@

、̧(S�¨

、B¡·H¨��·¸ï

ð`hP[\

。²�����u\8ïðP�BM

,�ü¸(S�¨Åi��üÏw¸(PB¡

·Cò�CªP¸é

。Gebril(2009)tiu�·�n·ïðP�C�M

。ö.¥uK�¾B¡·

BþP

115¾¢¢/0SAw�·¸(�Awn·¸(PaÿM�.

。���í�·£¤en·

£¤PïðJ£�B

,dC��~¬Jw¸(

,·¸ïðP�C�M9//Fj

。�

Nie¢ge¥

(2007)���s}B�u¨0NPßwAB

—X�·¸P@|

。29¾/0SuïuWÚP¨þ

S�PX�·¸

,­K

2¾B¡·¦B.~�¨®ú.

。��U�í�üS�¨|t�üB¡·

·361·

Page 5: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

%&'()*

2014!

H¨ò���\s·¸ïðP�BM���Ĩ

&���¯eføZu��s}�&P.¥tË

。�

:Sudweeks«H

(2004)P¬Õ��ø

Z��s}�(zãäÔTef��u·¸B.§³P����·¸ïðP`h

,­O´\àu

§±B.!3PZ�

。��÷Õ·¸S��¢Û ¦S�Püý¸Zti8

,�B¡·�¬ ê

Ù?ïPc�ij

。kUɨp�ü·¸S�C§±´~·¸A ïð�C�MP�C��

Schoonen(2005)�

G����uÛ ·¸;<

、̧(S�

、B.P~�

(½û÷�R�Z«

�¢B.c@

(aÿMB.©÷.¥MB.

)PC�

,­�!�Þc3ÔT��u·¸.¨Pc�

ïª

。²��PÛ C

89¾

6!/0S

,öIÛR·Sw¸(

,Ïw¸(P½û½«¢�R�

ZAþczÛ

5¾B¡·�aÿ�.¥AYc@B.

。.¥��÷Õ·¸ïðP�C�M�¢B

¡·�·¸S�PC�³G/3h¶�m�B.c@¦B.~�

。aÿ�R

,·¸SPQPc�

R8�B¡·�bPc�

³7½

,¬�­�®¯°

(1998)P���V±��·¸S��A ïð�C�MPC�

,d

��u=e(ÿ�B.���bR[\

,�}(PB.��E/

。²³

、́µ¶

(2008)AZ(·

��s}�à7¸0S¹�.ºA P

30»� P·¸;<¨®.¥

,A �Aþ·¸£¤

,£

¤

1RÂ� �¼:OÁ

,ÊO\]P½¾áK¿·À¥

;£¤

2C� iÁÂPÃS¸(

,�

Å»áÆP0ǦSÈzÎ

、ÉÊË�«

。B.qZ

Jacobs«H

1981!¤¥Pâ�¸(B.|�

“ESLCompositionProfile”。�����íAþ·¸£¤P6ï$.PB.`hi8

��

,·¸ST�S|ÌC[\·¸ïð�C�MPR4

。9ST�R

,ØñFST��··

¸÷�··¸ïðP�BM­=j�o.Pn ·¸

,¬Å°kñSTò�6KLABPÌ&

,�

�·¸;<A U����AZ´ÍST��S·¸PÎÏ

。�9ÐAP�ÿ�e

,��}(P

B.�VÅ�òQ¦Jñ

,gïðP�C�M4Å�Ð�

。Ñ6¬ÅÛ P�R;<

,÷Ò³Ó

:/��·¸;<¬ f

,�ÔÕýE¬S·�}(ÿP¸(

。Ý�S|cz

,Ы¬P(|Ö�

JQZ�ÅÆAB��A×÷¯A×�¶P·¸ S

,�JØÛ ·¸ïðP�C�M

(â

)Æ�B¡·

23¶»��¤÷(÷Ùó�í�üB¡·78=C\s·¸ïð��ĨP�Cc�

,à

RI

,B¡·J$=C·¸ïðc�PQR��

,d·¸B.!3:

,=eB¡·�eJw¸(B

.P�ù&C�UuÚ½Jñ0¯P�É

。º�

:Johnson¢ge¥

(2005)9���s}��u

(¾B¡·B.�à��ù��IÛsPlS

,Ûs²lSP=ecé4�Û¸MB.P`Ch

RS=e[\

。Ëÿ�R

,Johnson¢ge¥tiu�B¡·P<Ì.�Û E®�.��!Ü}

k�JQMB.AY=ecéÐ�Û ·¸ïðP0Ôh

,­¬ÅuÜ}!3:C�4à�þË

B¡·Û�ÝÆMó»P:�

。�����í

,�¥�<Ì.÷¯Ü}ãmB.�ùPC�­Þ

�÷ø�ß

,A¯��\8B.îÔMÌèà/"#

。³¨®aÿMB.f

,7�Ü}c@ãmB

.�ù

,Å�òûVà�þËB¡·Û�ÝÆMó»P:;

ÅiácP��

,7½PÅÆ��ò(ó��uB¡·��¸(ïð�C�MP÷øC�

º�

,¬�­�®¯°

(1998)øZ��s}.¥u

6»B¡·�

20¾0SÏH�Y(ÿP¸(

¨®.¥MB.P¨O

。���í³¸(B.:

,B¡·C�E/

,S�C�=í÷

´&

,7½PJñÅÆ��§B¡·PB¡z¹��R0âãU¬Å³B¡·C�v:

。ä

åæ

(2010)�þÖtçPcé�FèB¡·³

HSK·¸A PB¡·`h¨®¬ç

,���

2009!

4éP

HSK(8«

)·¸A B.P

48½B¡·:WÓê�uA½

(Ͻ:JèJFA¾

B¡·

),�Z��s}�A½PB.`h¨®u¡¹

,���íA½PA¹`hi8

,efuã

°FèB¡·³�B.²0PÝç:y³P�ù

。ëì

(2005)�Z��s}��

、è�R0âã

·461·

Page 6: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

"

2# `ab

 c

 d

:�·¸A¹`h��e>?@ABP�Àf,

PB¡·W

20¾Û 8/��;<¬ 

(HSK)·¸º.I¸(B.P��Ĩ¨®uti

。²

����íÚ½B¡·B.PÄ.��í÷ì�×íÚ½P

L�:

,Ø�YP�R;<·¸A¹PB¡·J$¤z!ti6îPdq

,­³Ó@£¡D4

¨®tiÄ.PB¡fg

,í�¶»����PB¡·B.z¹

、�R0âãP�ù�V³L8P

/ïh

、8ðñ¸(£¡:ò ±ó4÷ø[\Û ¸(ïðP�C�M

。ª��ÉPC

Johnson¢ge¥�67�SB¡·B.�ùf=eÛscéPC�P��

。OöIP��

,�Ü}�ï

JQPE®B.��!ôn¥�<Ì.¸�E®B.�·¸ïð�C�M?ïP[\­èi/�

ß

。ÃÄP���õ´cHÀ>

,67��¦DHJQ

,&/�õZ¥�<Ì.Po.B.cé

(�

)Æ�B.²0

B.²0Caÿ©÷.¥MB.e£U4[\·¸A¹`h

。¬ö

(2006)P÷ø0»}(

ù}u

40¾Û 

HSKP·¸¢B.¨O

,�=eP·¸£¤

(�Jí(÷�}(ÿú

)、B.cé

(�aÿB.÷.¥MB.

)、B.~�

(�½û�Þ÷�R�Z

)«[\¸(.¨HùXí4PC

�¢öII¹P°ûÆĨ®uLK��

。����·¸£¤�B¡·í4C�³G/3h¶�

B.cé�B.~�[\

。üýþ«H

(2008)�

36¾¹�íÚ/0S¹�¸(B.��P@|

¨®u.¥

,KL.~n~B.��P�BM8�aÿB.��

,.~°6.¨P�BM8�.~

n~.¨P�BM

,efÿÕuo.P`hĨ��B©B.��P$ÿ@|CJþ=!vPÒ

²

。Í¿P

,"#

(2009)U�=e·¸£¤�B.Ô@à�

,Z��s}.¥uK

4¾B¡·B

þP

30¾/0S¹�.ºA PAw¸(

(Jwe½·¸

、JwáK�S¸(

)P.~ïð

,%�

aÿ�R

,.¥MB.Ð�P·¸ïðË�i8P`h

²³

、́µ¶

(2008)P��&ò¨J$tiu·¸.¥MB.|�$þB.íPPB.`

h

,��÷Õ

:³·¸½û

、w%�Þ

、&'øZk�þíP¶PB.i�JQ

,��R

,��R�

¯PB.`hE8

,��(·).PB£�(\8

。ëìP��&HHIÿÕuíÚ¦×íÚB

¡·�.¥MB.²0Psã¦øZÇ�P=e

:³B.²0Psã¦øZcz

,íÚB¡·ò�

b¬S¸(P�é

、&'«cz

,�×íÚ½B¡·&òeb¸(½û�*+M«ëz

Ñ6kñ����

,­�6vDP·¸ABL�

,HI�ò(sKq�.¥MB.²0�Bþ

Û P·¸VÁ

,k=>í�'V5�i8P·¸ïð`h

,�]'Ð\]PB.`a��ÛZ�

ÒP·¸B.L�

,��Fj�B.²0PQ¦Ýç3h

,�ýB¡·`h

,­E®¯°¨J$\

s·¸ïð�C�MP�²

(S

)gö[\í4

B¡£¤.ÆC¼!Ú½0¯>�Æ�P[\·¸ïð�C�MP*Jþí4

。,�

115¾

Û Aw�·¸(�Awn·¸(P¨O

,Gebril(2010)иPBJ~.¥����

:�·ïðe

n·ïðJ£�B]B¡·~þØYSTP¸(

(�·÷n·

)¦G²½B¡·WAYSTú.

Ð�ïðP�BMU×�­¼

。K�´czP��¨|&×��v

,HI�-�ÄH�²lSò

(P¾�

,�#�°Å�v¦

、yzPsã�%õ

´&

,iI�S�PQP·¸ïðc�P8hbÉ�R

,KÛ qâPJñå.?ïP·¸ï

ðPc��°PÆ�Åv�v

,]}:�"â�R÷&�Ç�YZ

。º�

:Solano-Flores�

Li(2008)

�!�Z��s}����¹�0ǯ�R

,Û 

、̧(S�¢S�qâP�R

(Q�÷&

)Püý¸ZC·¸ïðE/Pc��

。Huang(2008)Z��s}��uü//

ESLÛ ³0

/¹�¬ ·¸ïðPc��¢`h

。�!P¨O.¥����

:ESL�¹��Q�PÛ P.

¨Hù=e

。ESLÛ ¸(ïðP12c�ïªt¹��Q�PR8

。ØJ!

ESLÛ Vã3

Pc�í÷ì�¹��Q�Û P

,g

ESLÛ ·¸ïðP��Ĩ÷øj�¹��Q�Û 

·561·

Page 7: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

%&'()*

2014!

P

。²(¸¯­O´@�u

ESLÛ Ð�·¸ïðPw<M

EÄÜR¸ÉPCÆ���s}A|tËqâP�`3hPJ~��WHIP4Õ

。Gao�

��s}Pw�M0¯

Brennan(2001)P}(�!.¥7×!P�Á�·¸¨O��uc�ïª

��Pê£�ùM­B�uA|îÔM�ªP5ÚM

。��÷Õc�ïªP��W!ª���

ù

,­]

G����PA|îh³L8P

Dm6��:�Vèéuy7�

。d¶»s}�ª¦L

8A|ªI¹P�ù­Þ�/°8H�sK?9VL5�:(��Ps}�ªcé

。Gao�

Brennan(2001)efUÒà

,g��Pkñ��í�>>�áJ~��

,=V!hC�°gö��

。öIZ�³göEF=HP:; 

,2|øZ�w�MP/£q¨®c�ïªP�ª

,í�

k£��\sA|�ªPîÔM

、�

 n

JR�;I

,·¸ABPïð=>>CÛ ·¸VÁP�)

,&óô±A�B©!3P:(×

oí45�P[\

,í´���§±·¸ïðP�C�MR�(}h�¬

,AZò6sPA|tË

Pef\sA¹qâPB©²0¢g�Û¸M«(~M±�JKABïðP�BM

<¦)*ABSTP�À

,y³pJþKQ¦S

/>?SAB�Q°¨~!D�v¦S�Q

¼!*�=>÷�üQ¦S

/>?ABª|Pf,

。kJÙ�Q¦

/>?SP{?#=Cônób

@U%

,�C³)*ABs}¦[\��b/¨ÀPD\ 

,³�Q¦S

/>?A¹SPBþP�

C�M�uJÚPJØ

,­�=�°§±EF PABC¨@{?

。³kJ/âã 

,·¸A¹k

JCè�*³?|Û ·¸VÁcz�p1��wIó»PQ¦

/>?S

,�²�]VLï�o³

\sQ¦

/>?ABïð�BMP��P ¹D

。���s}Egqâ³.¥c�ïªczPå

y¢VLÒPAB¤¥Pä=FG

,�²�]VLï�\sQ¦

/>?AB@|P�H

。q(��

�»BP�@

,{|u¼

20!����s}�ÒP

、�\s·¸ïð�C�M��²P:

、¹(�

�(|

,#>V�!rsDHP����

,��ÄPÅÆ��\]��¦«¬P��

>?78

ë

 ì

:《âã�ùPAÍB¡·³

HSK8«¸(¬ B.:P�ù��

》,+,�R/0÷ø0»}(

,2005!

Ipq

、rïs

:《·¸A PQRLK��cé¢g�Àf,

》,《:7&�

》,2008!"

6#

"

 #

:《¹�¸(.¥MB.P(·��s}.¥

》,《I¶(s090J

》(K4N0L

),2009!"

2#

¬

 ö

:《�Z��s}.¥¸(.¨PHù

》,+,�R/0÷ø0»}(

,2006!

¬�­

、®¯°

:《��s}³¸(B.:P�Z��

》,《Xs0J

》,1998!"

2#

²

 ³

、́µ¶

:《��(·��s}P¹�·¸B.��.¥��

》,《:7¬ 

》,2008!"

5#

MN

·OP¶ÂQ

:《�(z

RaschÔTA|·¸VÁ

》,cdR

,《)*¦¬ 

》,2007!"

4#

üýþ

、ST%

、UVO

:《̧(aÿB.¦.¥MB.��P@|t�

》,《&���

》,2008!"

5#

äåæ

:《HSK·¸A B.`h¬ç

———���FèB¡·PþÖtç

》,《:7¬ 

》,2010!"

10#

Bachman,L.Fundamentalconsiderationsinlanguagetesting.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,1999.

Engelhard,Jr.,G.DifferentialRaterFunctioning.RaschMeasurementTransactions,2008,21(3).Gao,X.&Brennan,R.L.Variabilityofestimatedvariancecomponentsandrelatedstatisticsinaperformanceassess

ment.AppliedMeasurementinEducation,2001,14(2).Gebril,A.Bringingreadingtowriteandwritingonlyassessmenttaskstogether:Ageneralizabilityanalysis.AssessingWrit

ing,2010,15(2).Gebril,A.Scoregeneralizabilityofacademicwritingtasks:Doesonetestmethodfititall?LanguageTesting,2009,26(4).

·661·

Page 8: 0123 · 2020. 2. 19. · Engelhard,2008);ò.MÛ€ßV,n‡S 1h¯ePD\€,Û€þÿ‡Øþ‰ßYZS ¶ PŁ.ƒg‡B&‰ßYZS ¶PŁ.Š÷łŒ¸ (GeorgeJohanson&AbdallaAlsmadi,

"

2# `ab

 c

 d

:�·¸A¹`h��e>?@ABP�Àf,

Huang,J.HowaccurateareESLstudents'holisticwritingscoresonlarge-scaleassessments?———Ageneralizabilitytheoryapproach.AssessingWriting,2008,13(3).

Johanson,G.&Alsmadi,A.(1998).DifferentialPersonFunctioning.ED420691.Johnson,R.,Penny,J.,Gordon,B.,Shumate,S.R.,&Fisher,S.P.Resolvingscoredifferencesintheratingof

writingsamples:Doesdiscussionimprovetheaccuracyofscores?LanguageAssessmentQuarterly,2005,2(2).Lee,Y.W.&Kantor,R.EvaluatingprototypetasksandalternativeratingschemesforanewESLwritingtestthroughG

theory.InternationalJournalofTesting,2007,7(4).Linacre,J.M.ManyfacetRaschmeasurement.Chicago,IL:MESAPress,1989.Nie,Y.,Yeo,S.M.&Lau,S.Applicationofgeneralizabilitytheoryintheinvestigationofthequalityofjournalwriting

inmathematics.StudiesinEducationalEvaluation,2007,33(3-4).Rasch,G.Probabilisticmodelsforsomeintelligenceandattainmenttests(revisedandexpandeded.).Chicago:TheUni

versityofChicagoPress,1980.Schoonen,R.Generalizabilityofwritingscores:Anapplicationofstructuralequationmodeling.LanguageTesting,2005,22(1).

Sim,J.&Wright,C.Researchinhealthcare:concepts,designsandmethods.Cheltenham,UK:StanleyThornes,2000.http://books.google.com/books?id=vwjhgtUoNZIC&pg=PA335&lpg=PA335&dq=%22estimate+of+Intrarater+reliability%22&source=bl&ots=6FQUcpr6X5&sig=fY5VEyJ_BqG54wSv0w61GVazYAM&hl=en&ei=It7LTIH2EYmAvgO0iZnMDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22estimate%20of%20Intra-rater%20reliability%22&f=false.2010-10-30.

SolanoFlores,G.&Li,M.ExaminingthedependabilityofacademicachievementmeasuresforEnglishlanguagelearners.AssessmentforEffectiveIntervention,2008,33(3).

Sudweeks,R.R.,Reeve,S.&Bradshaw,W.S.Acomparisonofgeneralizabilitytheoryandmany-facetRaschmeasurementinananalysisofcollegesophomorewriting.AssessingWriting,2004,9(3).

Wikipedia.Intraclasscorrelation.http://www.answers.com/topic/intraclass-correlation.2010-10-30.

TheDevelopmentalTrendofOpenEndedAssessmentBasedonReliabilityResearchofWritingTests:APerspectiveofGeneralizabilityTheory

FUNGShuiLung&ZHUYu(BeijingNormalUniversityHongKongBaptistUniversityUnitedInternationalCollege,

Zhuhai519085,China;OverseasEducationCollege,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen361102,China)

Abstract:Subjectivetesthasalonghistory,astrongvitality,andaprosperousfuture.Meanwhile,itslowreliability,consideredasits‘chronicdisease’,hasbeendisturbingpractitionersandresearchersinthefieldofeducationalmeasurement.Thispaperreviewedthethreemajorschoolsofreliabilitytheory,andclarifiedthatGeneralizabilityTheoryisaforward-lookingtheorywhichcanofferapproachesofimprovementsbasedonestimatesofvariancecomponentsofvariouseffectspotentiallyloweringthereliabilityofatest.ImplicationstothedevelopmentofsubjectivetestswerebrieflydiscussedbasedonaliteraturereviewofwritingassessmentstudiesfromtheperspectiveofGeneralizabilityTheory.Keywords:subjectivetest;reliability;GeneralizabilityTheory;writingstudy

·761·