02-He Thong May Tinh

1TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NIVIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

TIN HC I CNGBi 2: H thng my tnh

Phn cng

Ton b my mc, thit b in t cu to nn my tnh

Phn mm L chng trnh chy trn my tnh

Tng quan v h thng my tnh

2

Phn mm

H iu hnh ng dng

3

Phn cng

4

Tho cc c vt m np hp

25

power supply

ports

processor

memory

sound cardvideo card

Phn cng

Phn cng

Mn hnh

Loa

Bn phm

Chut

CPU

...

Phn cng

6

H iu hnh

7

Sau khi mua my tnh

Mng my tnh

8

39

Ni dung

2.1. T chc bn trong my tnh

2.2. Phn mm my tnh

2.3. Gii thiu h iu hnh

2.4. Mng my tnh

10

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

Ni dung

2.1. T chc bn trong my tnh 2.1.1. M hnh c bn ca my tnh

2.1.2. B x l trung tm CPU

2.1.3. B nh

2.1.4. H thng vo-ra

2.1.5. Lin kt h thng (buses)

2.1.6. Tng kt

2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

11

2.1.1. M hnh c bn ca my tnh

a. Chc nng ca h thng my tnh

b. Cu trc ca h thng my tnh

c. Hot ng ca my tnh

12

4a. Chc nng ca h thng my tnh

V d:

Cui mi hc k, phng o to nhp im thi ca SV vo my tnh, tnh ton kt qu hc tp ca SV, in ra danh sch SV t hc bng

My tnh thc hin pht mt bn nhc, b phim c lu tr trong my tnh. Bi ht hay b phim ny c th c sao chp cho ngi khc

13

X l d liu

Lu tr d liu

Trao i d liu

iu khin

14


X l d liu:

Chc nng quan trng nht ca my tnh

D liu c th c rt nhiu dng khc nhau v c yu cu x l khc nhau.

Lu tr d liu:

D liu a vo my tnh c x l ngay hoc c th c lu trong b nh.

Khi cn chng s c ly ra x l.

15


Trao i d liu:

Trao i d liu gia cc thnh phn bn trong v bn ngoi my tnh Qu trnh vo ra (input-output)

Cc thit b vo-ra: ngun cung cp d liu hoc ni tip nhn d liu.

D liu c vn chuyn trn khong cch xa gi l truyn d liu (data communication).

iu khin:

My tnh cn phi iu khin ba chc nng trn

16


517

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITB X L TRUNG TM

INPUTTHIT B VO

OUTPUTTHIT B RA

STORAGETHIT B LU TR


Cc thnh phn chnh ca h thng my tnh


18

B x l trung tm CPU (Central Processor Unit) iu khin cc hot ng ca my tnh v thc

hin x l d liu.

B nh chnh (Main Memory) Lu tr chng trnh v d liu.

H thng vo ra (Input-Output System): Trao i thng tin gia my tnh v th gii bn

ngoi

Lin kt h thng (System Interconnection): Kt ni v vn chuyn thng tin gia CPU, b

nh chnh v h thng vo ra ca my tnh vi nhau.

19


Hot ng c bn ca my tnh l thchin chng trnh.

Chng trnh gm mt tp cc lnh clu tr trong b nh

20

c. Hot ng ca my tnh

6Ni dung



2.1.3. B nh

2.1.4. H thng vo-ra


2.1.6. Tng kt

2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

21

2.1.2. B x l trung tm - CPU

22


Chc nng

iu khin hot ng ca ton b h thng my tnh

X l d liu

Nguyn tc hot ng: CPU hot ng theochng trnh nm trong b nh chnh, bngcch: Nhn lnh t b nh chnh

Gii m lnh v pht cc tn hiu iu khin thc thilnh

CPU c th trao i d liu vi b nh chnh hay hthng vo-ra.

Thc hin lnh

Ghi kt qu23 24

Bus bn trong

Bus bn ngoi

Control Unit (CU)iu khin hot ng ca

my tnh theo chng trnh nh sn

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)Thc hin cc php ton s hc

v cc php ton logic trn cc d liu c th

Register File (RF)Lu tr cc thng tin tm thi

phc v cho hot ng ca CPU

Internal busKt ni cc thnh phn bn

trong CPU vi nhau

Bus Interface UnitKt ni v trao i thng tin gia cc bus bn trong vi cc bus bn ngoi vi nhau


Cc thnh phn c bn Khi iu khin (Control Unit CU)

iu khin hot ng ca my tnh theo chng trnh nh sn

Khi tnh ton s hc v logic (Arithmetic Logic Unit -ALU): Thc hin cc php ton s hc v cc php ton

logic trn cc d liu c th Tp cc thanh ghi (Register File - RF)

Lu tr cc thng tin tm thi phc v cho hot ngca CPU

Bus bn trong (Internal Bus) Kt ni cc thnh phn bn trong CPU vi nhau

n v ghp ni bus (Bus Interface Unit BIU) Kt ni v trao i thng tin vi nhau gia cc bus

bn trong vi cc bus bn ngoi.25

26

B vi x l (Microprocessor)

L CPU c ch to trnmt vi mch.

C th gi CPU l b vi x l.Tuy nhin, cc b vi x lhin nay c cu trc phc tphn nhiu so vi mt CPU cbn.


27

a. B vi x l (Microprocessor)

Tc ca b vi x l S lnh c thc hin trong 1s

MIPS (Milliions of Intructions per Second)

Kh nh gi chnh xc (cn ph thuc bnh, bo mch ha)

Tn s xung nhp ca b x l B x l hot ng theo mt xung nhp (clock)

c tn s xc nh

Tc ca b x l c nh gi gin tipthng qua tn s xung nhp

28

Tc b vi x l

8Tc b vi x l

Mt s siu my tnh (06/2011): http://www.top500.org/

#1 : K Computer (Nht Bn) AICS 68544 b vi x l 8 nhn

Tc hin ti: 8.162 petaflops (10 triu t php tnh/giy)

D kin : 10 petaflops

6 t ngi dng my tnh cm tay * 24h/ngy * 7 ngy/tun * 450 nm = 1 ngy K

#2 : Tianhe-1A, Trung Quc, 2.566 petaflops

#3 : Jaguar, Hoa K, 1.759 petaflops

#4 : Nebulae, Trung Quc, 1.271 petaflops

#5 : TSUBAME-2, Nht Bn,

29

Intel Pentium 4

30

Intel Pentium D

31

Intel Dual Core, Core 2 Duo

32

9Intel Core i3

33

Intel Core i5, i7

34

Intel Core i7 970

35

Ni dung



2.1.3. B nh

2.1.4. H thng vo-ra


2.1.6. Tng kt

2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

36

10

37

2.1.3. B nh

Chc nng: Lu tr chng trnh v d liu

Cc thao tc c bn vi b nh:

Thao tc c (read)

Thao tc ghi (write)

Cc thnh phn chnh

B nh trong (Internal Memory)

B nh ngoi (External Memory)

H thng nh thng dng

38

T tri sang phi: Dung lng tng dn Tc gim dn Gi thnh/1bit gim dn

39

a. B nh trong

Chc nng v c im

Cha cc thng tin m CPU c th trao i trc tip

Tc rt nhanh

Dung lng khng ln

S dng b nh bn dn: ROM v RAM

Cc loi b nh trong:

B nh chnh

B nh cache (b nh m nhanh)

40

L thnh phn nh tn ti trn mi h thng my tnh

Cha cc chng trnh v d liu ang c CPU s dng

T chc thnh cc ngn nh c nh a ch

Ngn nh thng c t chc theo Byte

Ni dung ca ngn nh c th thay i, song a ch vt l ca ngn nh lun c nh

Thng thng, b nh chnh gm 2 phn: ROM

RAM

i. B nh chnh

11

41

Vng b nh ch c Thng tin khng b mt i

khi mt ngun in

Tch hp trn cc thit b

Ni dung c ci t ti ni sn xut thit b

ROM Read Only Memory

42

Chc nng chnh: Cha cc phn mm thc hin cc cng vic

ca thit b (firmware).

i khi c gi: ROM BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

ROM Read Only Memory

B nh truy cp ngu nhin

Khng phi di chuyn tun t

c chia thnh cc nh c nh a ch

Thi gian thc hin thao tc c hoc ghi i vi mi nh l nh nhau, cho d ang bt k v tr no trong b nh

Lu tr cc thng tin thay i, v cc thng tin c s dng hin hnh

Thng tin lu trn RAM ch l tm thi,

chng s mt i khi mt ngun in

cung cp

RAM Random Access Memory

43

SRAM (Static RAM): RAM tnh

DRAM (Dynamic RAM): RAM ng

SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM):

SDR (Single Data Rate): li thi

DDR (Double Data Rate): c thay th bi

DDR2

DDR2 (Double Data Rate 2), DDR3: L th h tip

theo ca DDR, hin c s dng rng ri

RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic RAM): t ngi dng v

khng nhanh hn SDRAM l bao nhng li t hn

nhiu

Dung lng: 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 MB, 1GB, 2GB...

Phn loi RAM theo cng ngh ch to

44

12

45

Tc x l CPU >> tc truy cp d liu t RAM

S dng b nh Cache : Cc khi d liu t RAM c np vo Cache khi cn

CPU thao tc vi d liu trn Cache thay v trn RAM

Hin nay, CACHE c tch hp trong chip vi x l

CPU truy nhp d liu trong CACHE nhanh hn so vi RAM nhng dung lng nh hn

CACHE thng c chia ra mt s mc: cache L1, L2,

CACHE c th c hoc khng

ii. B nh m nhanh (Cache memory)

46

b. B nh ngoi

Chc nng v c im

Lu gi ti nguyn phn mm ca my tnh, bao gm: H iu hnh, cc chng trnh v d liu

B nh ngoi c kt ni vi h thng di dng cc thit b vo ra

Dung lng ln

Tc chm

47

b. B nh ngoi (tip)

Cc loi b nh ngoi:

B nh t: a cng, a mm

B nh quang: a CD, DVD,

B nh bn dn: Flash disk, memory card

48

Dung lng : 1.44MB

Kch thc : 3.5

C 2 mt a

Phm vi s dng: khng thng dng

Laptop: Hu nh khng c.

Desktop: t s dng.

shutter

shell

liner

magneticcoating

flexible thin film

metal hub

i. a mm Floppy disk

13

49

Dung lng ln

L ni ci t HH v cc chng trnh ng dng

Phm vi s dng: rng

Mt my tnh PC: c th c nhiu cng

ii. a cng Hard disk

50

D dng mang t ni ny sang ni khc.

Kt ni qua cc giao tip:

USB 2.0

IEEE 1394, FireWare 800

Ethernet

S dng:

Lu tr d liu

Lu tr trong mng

iii. cng ngoi

51

Thng c kch thc 700M

c gi l a quang, c bng u c laze

Tc c chm hn so vi a t ( cng)

Phn loi:

CD R

CD RW

Nhn nt ng np.

Cho a vo.

Nhn nt m np.

iii. CD ROM - Compact disc read-only memory

52

CD R v CD RW

Phi c CD -W & phn mm h tr ghi

Khng th xa D liu trn CD

CD-R (compact disc-recordable)ch ghi 1 ln

CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable)c th xa, hoc ghi li nhiu ln

Phi c CD-RW & phn mm h tr

Xa & ghi

14

53

iv. DVD - Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc

Phn loi:

Mt mt : 4.7GB

Hai mt : 8.5GB

Cn c c/ghi DVD

54

v. Flash sticks or memory - USB

Kt ni vi my tnh qua cng USB

Kch thc: a dng 1G, 2G,..

S dng rng ri:

Lu tr d liu c nhn

S dng trong cc thit b nghe nhn

Ni dung



2.1.3. B nh

2.1.4. H thng vo-ra


2.1.6. Tng kt

2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

55 56

2.1.4. H thng vo-ra

Chc nng: Trao i thng tin gia my tnh vi th gii bn ngoi.

Cc thao tc c bn

Vo d liu (Input)

Ra d liu (Output)

Cc thnh phn chnh:

Cc thit b vo-ra (IO devices) hay cn gi l thit b ngoi vi (Peripheral devices)

Cc m-un ghp ni vo-ra (IO Interface modules)

15

57

a. Cu trc c bn ca h thng vo-ra

58

b. Cc thit b vo ra

Chc nng: Chuyn i d liu gia bn trong v bn ngoi my tnh

Cc thit b ngoi vi c bn:

Thit b vo: Bn phm, chut, my qut,

Thit b ra: Mn hnh, my in,

Thit b nh: Cc a,

Thit b truyn thng: Modem,

59

c. M-un ghp ni vo ra

Cc thit b vo ra khng kt ni trc tip vi CPU m c kt ni thng qua cc m-un ghp ni vo-ra.

Trong cc m un ghp ni vo-ra c cc cng vo-ra (IO Port)

Cc cng ny cng c nh a ch bi CPU, c ngha l mi cng cng c mt a ch xc nh.

Mi thit b vo-ra kt ni vi CPU thng qua cng tng ng vi a ch xc nh.

Ni dung



2.1.3. B nh

2.1.4. H thng vo-ra


2.1.6. Tng kt

2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

60

16

61


CPU, b nh chnh v h thng vo-ra cn phi kt ni vi nhau trao i thng tin

Vic kt ni ny c thc hin bng mt tp cc ng kt ni gi l bus

Thc t bus trong my tnh kh phc tp, n c th hin bng cc ng dn trn cc bn mch, cc khe cm trn bn mch chnh, cc cp ni,

62

2.1.5. Lin kt h thng (tip)

rng ca bus: L s ng dy ca bus c th truyn cc bit thng tin ng thi.

V chc nng, bus c chia lm 3 loi chnh: Bus a ch, bus d liu v bus iu khin

Bus a ch

Chc nng : vn chuyn a ch xc nh v tr d liu trn b nh chnh hay cng vo ra.

rng bus : N-bit cho bit s lng ngn nh ti a c nh a ch.

63

Bus d liu

Vn chuyn d liu gia cc CPU v cc thnh phn khc trong h thng

rng : M-bit

M = 8,16, 32, 64, 128

64

17

Bus iu khin

Vn chuyn cc tn hiu iu khin :

c/ghi d liu

Ngt

iu khin bus

65

Ni dung



2.1.3. B nh

2.1.4. H thng vo-ra


2.1.6. Tng kt

2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

66

Mt s bus in hnh trong my tnh

Bus ca CPU-Front Side Bus : c tc nhanh nht

Bus ca b nh chnh

AGP bus ( Accelerated Graphic Port) : bus ha ni ghp cc mn hnh tng tc

PCI bus ( Peripheral Component Interconnect) : ni ghp vi cc thit b ngoi vi c tc trao i d liu nhanh

IDE ( Intergrated Device Electronics) : Bus kt ni vi cng, quang

SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)

USB (Universal Serial Bus) : bus kt ni a nng

67

Mt s bus in hnh

68

18

69

i. My tnh

70

i. My tnh

Hp my tnh (Case):

Bn mch chnh (Mainboard):

B vi x l

B nh h thng: chip nh ROM v cc module nh RAM

Cc vi mch iu khin tng hp (chipset)

Cc khe cm m rng

Cc knh truyn tn hiu (bus)

Cc loi a: a cng, a mm, a quang, ...

Cc cng vo-ra

B ngun v qut 71

Cc thit b ngoi vi (Peripheral Devices):

Mn hnh (monitor), bn phm (keyboard), chut (mouse), loa (speaker), my in (printer), my qut nh (scanner), modem, ...

72

i. My tnh

19

ii. Hp my tnh (Case)

73

iii. Cc loi a

74

iv. Cc cng vo-ra

75

v. B ngun v qut

76

20

viii. B nh h thng

77

x. Cc thit b ngoi vi

78

x. Cc thit b ngoi vi (tip)

79 80

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

21

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh

2.2.1. Khi nim

2.2.2. Phn loi phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

81 82

2.2.1. Khi nim

My tnh hot ng theo mt qui trnh t ng nh sn gi l chng trnh (program) hay cn gi l Phn mm my tnh (Software Computer).

My tnh c th hot ng nu thiu phn mm?

Gi ca mt s phn mm?

Lm th no vit ra phn mm?

2.2.2. Phn loi phn mm

Phn loi theo phng thc hot ng:

Phn mm h thng:

Dng vn hnh my tnh v cc phn cng my tnh

V d: BIOS, trnh iu khin (driver, firmware) h iu hnh,

Phn mm ng dng:

Phn mm dng gii quyt cc vn phc v cho cc hot ng khc nhau ca con ngi nh qun l, k ton, son tho vn bn, tr chi.

Nhu cu v phn mm ng dng ngy cng tng v a dng.

83 84

2.2.2. Phn loi phn mm my tnh

Phn loi theo c th ng dng v mi trng:

Phn mm thi gian thc (Real-time SW)

Phn mm nghip v (Business SW)

Phn mm tnh ton KH&KT (Eng.&Scie. SW)

Phn mm nhng (Embedded SW)

Phn mm trn Web (Web-based SW)

Phn mm tr tu nhn to (AI SW)

22

85

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

2.3. Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.3.1. Cc khi nim c bn

2.3.2. H lnh ca h iu hnh

2.3.3. H iu hnh Windows

2.4. Mng my tnh

86

L phn mm h thng gip:

iu khin v kim sot hot ng ca cc thit b ( a, bn phm, mn hnh, my in).

Qun l vic cp pht ti nguyn ca my tnh nh b x l trung tm, b nh, cc thit b vo ra

Sp xp s thc thi ca tt c cc phn mm khc

a. H iu hnh

87 88

a. H iu hnh (tip)

H iu hnh l phn mm h thng, nn phthuc vo cu trc ca my tnh. Mi loi my tnhc h iu hnh khc nhau.

V d:

My tnh ln IBM360 c h iu hnh l DOS, TOS.

My tnh ln EC-1022 c h iu hnh l OC-EC.

My tnh c nhn PC-IBM c h iu hnh MS-DOS.

Mng my tnh c cc h iu hnh mng NETWARE, UNIX, WINDOWS-NT

23

89

b. Tp

Tp l tp hp cc d liu c lin quan vi nhau v c t chc theo 1 cu trc, thng c lu tr bn ngoi my tnh.

Ni dung ca tp c th l chng trnh, d liu, vn bn,...

Tn tp tin thng c 2 phn:

phn tn (name)

phn m rng (extension)

Gia phn tn v phn m rng c mt du chm (.) ngn cch.

b. Tp (tip)

Phn tn:

K t ch t A n Z

Ch s t 0 n 9,

K t khc nh #, $, %, ~, ^, @, (, ), !, _, khong trng.

Lu : Nn t tn mang tnh gi nh.

VD:

Tn file hp l: dulieu100101.txt, dulieu$100101.dat

Tn file khng hp l: dulieu100101.txt, ?abc.dat

90

b. Tp (tip)

Phn m rng:

Thng l 3 k t hp l.

Chng trnh ng dng to ra tp tin t t.

VD:

COM, EXE : Cc file kh thi chy trc tip

TXT, DOC, ... : Cc file vn bn.

BMP, GIF, JPG, ... : Cc file hnh nh.

MP3, DAT, WMA, : Cc file m thanh, video.

91

c. Qun l tp tin ca h iu hnh

Cu trc a t

a t gm nhiu a (Platter) gn ng trc

92

24

c. Qun l tp tin ca h iu hnh (tip)

A - Rnh t (track)

Rnh ng trn ng tm, nh s t ngoi vo trong bt u t 0

B - Di Cung t (Sector track)

C - Cung t (Sector)

Kch thc: 512B

D - Lin cung (Cluster)

Cylinder: cc rnh c cng

bn knh nm trn cc mt

a khc nhau

93


T chc ghi thng tin trn a

Thng tin lu tr trn a di dng cc tp.

Mi tp chim 1 hoc nhiu sectors.

H iu hnh cho php chia a thnh cc phn vng. Mi vng cha:

Thng tin qun l phn vng

Thng tin ca tp tin

Tp c lu tr cc vng, c t chc lu tr ny c dng cy (Tree)

94


Th mc l ni lu gi cc tp tin theo mt ch no theo ngi s dng

Trong Windows

Trn mi a c mt th mc chung gi l th mc gc

Th mc hay cn gi l Folder

Th mc gc khng c tn ring v c k hiu l \95


Cch xc nh tn y ca tp

Tn tp y gm ni lu tr tp : ng dn t gc n tp (Path) + tn tp

K hiu \ : ngn cch tn cc th mc

V d :

C:\TC\BIN\B1.C

96

25

2.3. Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh





2.4. Mng my tnh

97


Thao tc vi tp: Sao chp, di chuyn, xo, i tn, xem ni dung tp

Thao tc vi th mc: to, xo, sao chp

Thao tc vi a: to khun ( Format), sao chp a

98

2.3. Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh





2.4. Mng my tnh

99


S ra i v pht trin

Windows l mt b chng trnh do hng Microsoft sn xut.

T version 1.0 ra i vo nm 1985 n nay

100

26

Bng chn (Menu)

Tp cc thao tc c hin th trn mn hnh m ngi s dng c th la chn.

Mc (Item)

Mt thao tc trn menu

Menu ko xung

Thanh menu

Mc

a. Cc loi i tng trong HH Windows

101

Hp thoi

L mt ca s nh giao tip gia ngi s dng v chng trnh

Nt

Cung cp cho ngi s dng mt cch n gin kch hot mt thao tc

Nt ng

Nt nNt nNt n


102

Cc loi i tng trong Windows

Tp tin

Mt tp cc thng tin c lin quan vi

nhau m my tnh c th truy nhp

thng qua tn.

Th mc

L mt vng lu tr cc tp tin.

Mt th mc c th c nhiu th mc

con

Biu tng

L nhng hnh nh nh biu din tp

tin, th mc, phn cng....


103

Ca s

Thng l mt hnh ch nht, hin th u ra hoc cho php nhp d liu...


104

27

b. Mt s thao tc c bn

Khi ng/tt my tnh

S dng chut

Khi ng chng trnh

105

Khi ng my tnh

Nt ngun

V my

i. Khi ng/tt my

106

Khi ng my tnh (2)

Ch cho ti khi hin th mn hnh ng nhp

Chn tn ngi dng v g mt khu tng ng

i. Khi ng/tt my

107

Tt my tnh theo cch thng thng (Shut down/Turn Off)

Lu tt c cc tp tin, ng tt c cc chng trnh ng dng ang m

Stand By: Tm ngh

Turn Off: Tt my

Restart: Khi ng li my

i. Khi ng/tt my

108

28

Tt my tnh theo cch p t

Bm v gi nt ngun Power trong khong 5-10giy

V my(case)

Nt ngun

i. Khi ng/tt my

109

Thot ra khi ngi dng hin ti (Log off)

Lu tt c cc tp tin, ng tt c cc chng trnh ng dng ang m

Log Off: Thot khi phin lm vic ngi dng hin ti

Switch User: i ngi dng

i. Khi ng/tt my

110

111

L thit b vo

C th c dy hoc khng dy

iu khin con tr chut tng tc vi cc i tng

C hai phm bm:

Nt tri thng dng chn i tng; r i

tng...

Nt phi thng dng hin th danh sch cng vic

tng ng vi vng hoc i tng c chn.

ii. S dng chut

112

Nhp chut phi(nhn vo nt

tri chut)

nphi chut)

Nhp chut tri(nhn vo nt phi chut)

Cun chut

Nhp p Nhp 2 ln lin tip nt tri chut

Cc thao tc c bn vi chut

ii. S dng chut

29

113

Chn i tng

Di chuyn chut n i tng cn thao tc ri nhp tri chut chn

Ko th (drag and drop)

Chn i tng

Gi chut v dch chuyn

i tng n v tr cn th

Nh chut tri

ii. S dng chut

114

Chn cc i tng lin tip

C1: Nhp chut tri, gi v ko con tr chut ph ht b mt cc i tng cn chn

C2: Nhp chn i tng u, va nhn gi phm Shift va nhp chn i tng cui

Chn cc i tng khng lin tip nhau

Va nhn gi phm Ctrl va nhp chn tng i tng mt

Chn nhiu i tng

ii. S dng chut

Cc hnh dng thng dng ca chut

Biu tng Tn

Hnh dng thng thng - Normal Select

ang bn - Busy

Thay i kch c theo chiu dc - Vertical ResizeThay i kch c theo chiu ngang - Horizontal Resize

Thay i kch c cho Diagonal Resize

Chn on vn bn Text Select

Chn m lin kt Link Select

ii. S dng chut

115

Start All Programs

Chn chng trnh

cn khi ng

1

iii. Khi ng chng trnh

116

30

Mt s chng trnh c sn trong HH Windows: Start All Programs Accessories

Paint: Chng trnh v n gin

Calculator: My tnh tnh ton cc php ton n gin

Notepad: Son tho vn bn n gin

iii. Khi ng chng trnh

117118

Biu tng

Mn hnh desktop

Thanh cng vic (Task bar)

Nt Start Khay h thng

Thanh khi ng nhanh (Quick Launch)

c. Lm vic vi Desktop

119

Biu tng ca h iu hnh

Biu tng th mc

Biu tng tp tin Biu tng ng dng

Ta c th vo cc chng trnh hoc cc ca s bng cch nhp p chut vo cc biu tng tng ng

i. Biu tng ii.Thanh khi ng nhanh (Quick Launch)

Gip lin kt nhanh ti cc chng trnh c biu tng nm trn thanh Quick Launch

Nhp tri chut vo biu tng trn thanh Quick Launch khi ng chng trnh tng ng

Trnh duyt Internet Explorer Hin th mn hnh desktop

Chng trnh nghe nhc Windows Media Player

120

31

121

iii. Sp xp cc biu tng trn mn hnh

mn hnh Desktop

Nhp chut phi vo khong trng trn mn hnh Desktop

Sp xp theo tn

Sp xp theo kch c

Sp xp theo loi

Sp xp theo ngy sa i

Sp xp t ng

Nhp chut phi vo khong trng trn mn hnh, chn Properties

Chn Desktop Browse Chn nh

iv. Thay i nh nn ca mn hnh

122

Chn Stretch trong Position, nhn OK.


123

C th chn cc hnh nh c sn trong phn Background ri chn OK.

Kqu


124

32

M mt ca s

Nhp p chut vo mt biu tng ca mt chng trnh no trn mn hnh desktop vo ca s ca chng trnh.

Nhp p chut vo biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop vo ca s qun l cc a ca my tnh.

d. Lm vic vi ca s

125

Thanh tiu Thanh menu

Thanh trng thi Thanh cun (ngang, dc)

Thanh cng c

Vng lm vic

d. Lm vic vi ca s

a cng

DVD

trng thi CDMy computer

d. Lm vic vi ca s

127

Di chuyn ca s

Chn thanh tiu , gi chut v ko ti v tr cn di chuyn ri th chut

Thay i kch thc ca s

Tr chut vo cnh, gc ca ca s v ko

d. Lm vic vi ca s

128

33

Thu nh ca s

M rng ca sng ca s

C th dng t hp phm Alt-F4 ng

ca s

d. Lm vic vi ca s

129

Phng to ca s

Tr v kch thc c

d. Lm vic vi ca s

130

131

Dng chut chn nt mong mun trong

thanh tc vCc ca s hin thi

C th dng t hp phm Alt-Tab

Thay i ca s lm vic

d. Lm vic vi ca s e. Control Panel

Trong Control Panel

Ci t v loi b Font ch

Thay i dng hin mn hnh desktop

Ci t v loi b chng trnh

Cu hnh ngy, gi cho h thng

Thay i thuc tnh ca bn phm v chut

Thay i thuc tnh vng (Regional Settings)

Ci t / loi b my in

(Demo)

(Xem thm ti liu/slide v Control Panel)132

34

f. Windows Explorer

Windows Explorer: l mt chng trnhc h tr t phin bn Windows 95 cho php ngi s dng thao tc vi cc ti nguyn c trong my tnh nh tp tin, th mc, a v nhng ti nguyn khc c trong my ca bn cng nh cc my tnh trong h thng mng

133

f. Windows Explorer

+E

click chut phi vo Start, chn Explorer

134

g. Thao tc vi tp/th mc

M tp tin/th mc

Chn tp tin/th mc

To th mc

Sao chp/di chuyn

Xa/phc hi

Thay i thuc tnh

(Demo)

(Xem thm ti liu/slide v thao tc tp v th mc)

135 136

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

35

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh

2.4.1. Lch s pht trin mng my tnh

2.4.2. Phn loi mng my tnh

2.4.3. Mng Internet

137 138

L mt tp hp gm nhiu my tnh hoc thit b x l thng tin c kt ni vi nhauqua cc ng truyn.

Mc ch

Trao i thng tin gia cc my tnh

Chia s ti nguyn


139

2.4.1. Lch s pht trin mng my tnh (tip)

V d:

Mng ti Trung tm My tnh, Vin CNTT &TT, Trng HBK H Ni

Mng LAN ca qun Game

Mng Internet

140

1960s mng my tnh bt u xut hin. Lc u mng c dng l mt my tnh ln ni vi nhiu trm cui (terminal).

1970s mng my tnh l cc my tnh c lp c ni vi nhau.

Qui m v mc phc tp ca mng ngy cng tng.

2.4.1. Lch s pht trin mng my tnh (tip)

36

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh



2.4.3. Mng Internet

141

a. Theo mi quan h gia cc my

Mng bnh ng (peer-to-peer) cc my c quan h ngang hng

Mng khch/ch (client/server). mt s my l server (my phc v/my ch)

chuyn phc v cc my khc gi l my khch (client) hay

my trm (workstation)

142

b. Theo quy m a l

3 loi

Loi 1. LAN (Local Area Network)

Mng cc b trong phm vi nh: vn phng, ta nh, mt s ta nh gn nhau(500m)

s lng my tnh khng qu nhiu, mng khng qu phc tp.

V d: mng ti qun Game, trng hc

143 144

Loi 2. WAN (Wide Area Network)

Mng din rng, cc my tnh c th cc thnh ph khc nhau.

Bn knh c th 100-200 km

V d:

mng ca Tng cc thu.

b. Theo quy m a l

37

145

b. Theo quy m a l

Loi 3. GAN (Global Area Network)

Mng ton cu, my tnh nhiu nc khc nhau. Thng mng ton cu l kt hp ca nhiu mng con.

V d: mng Internet.

Ni dung


2.2. Phn mm my tnh


2.4. Mng my tnh



2.4.3. Mng Internet

146

147

2.4.4. Mng Internet

Khi nim v Internet :

Internet l mt mng my tnh c qui m ton cu (GAN), gm rt nhiu mng con v my tnh ni vi nhau bng nhiu loi phng tin truyn.

148

2.4.4. Mng Internet

Khi nim v Internet :

Internet khng thuc s hu ca ai c. Ch c cc u ban iu phi v k thut gip iu hnh Internet.

Ban u l mng ARPANET ca B Quc phng M (DoD)

38

149

Internet

Li ch:

H thng th in t (email)

Tr chuyn trc tuyn (chat)

My truy tm d liu (search engine)

Cc dch v thng mi v chuyn ngn, v

cc dch v v y t gio dc nh l cha bnh

t xa hoc t chc cc lp hc o.

150

S pht trin ca Internet

tng ti phng th nghim ca ARPA (9/1969)

151

S pht trin ca Internet (2)

1974: khi nim Internet xut hin

1983: ARPANET tch thnh MILNET(qun i) v NSFnet (nghin cu)

1987: NSFnet c m ca cho cc c nhn

1988: Internet hnh thnh

1997: Vit Nam kt ni Internet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hIQjrMHTv4

152

Kt ni Internet ti nh

My tnh kt ni vi Modem/Router/USB3G

C thu bao kt ni Internet vi ti khon ng k vi

mt nh cung cp dch v (Internet Service Provider -

ISP)

Hnh thc: qua ng in thoi, ng thu ring,

ng truyn hnh cp

Nh cung cp dch v Internet: VNN, Vietel, FPT,

EVN, Truyn hnh cp Vit Nam/H Ni/TP HCM...

Ci t cc phn mm Internet thng dng

Trnh duyt web nh IE, FireFox

Yahoo! Messenger chat trn mng...

39

153

Gi tt l Web

L mt h thng bao gm cc ti liu siu

vn bn (hypertext) c th truy cp qua

Internet

Cc ti liu c th cha cc lin kt ti

cc ti liu khc c th trn my tnh khc

bt k ni no trn th gii

L ng dng chy trn Internet

C bn v Word Wide Web (WWW)

154

Giao thc (Protocol)

Giao thc (Protocol): Tp cc qui c truyn thng.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): Giao thc c s dng truyn cc trang Web (siu vn bn)

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure):Giao thc bo mt cho cc giao dch b mt (confidential)

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

SMTP

POP3

155

Website v URL

Website: Tp hp nhiu trang web (webpage) c t trn 1 my tnh trong mng Internet v c chung mt a ch Internet.

V d: http://www.truongcongnghe.vn/

Mt trang web c mt a ch URL duy nht

URL (Uniform Resource Locator):

Tham chiu n cc ti nguyn trn Internet

a ch ca cc ti nguyn trn Internet

156

http://www.truongcongnghe.vn/Home/tabid/92/Default.aspx

Giao thcHyperText Transfer Protocol

a ch Internet (Web site)

Ti liu

ng dn (Th mc)

Cu trc ca URL

40

157

Trnh duyt web (Web browser)

ng dng phn mm dng hin th siu vn bn hay duyt web

Mt s trnh duyt web ph bin

Internet Explorer ca Microsoft

Mozilla Firefox ca Mozilla

Netscape Navigator ca Netscape

Opera ca Opera Software

158

Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)

c tch hp sn trn h iu hnh Microsoft Windows

Khi ng

T mn hnh nn

T thanh Quick Launch

Start All Programs

Internet Explorer

159

Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)

Nhp a ch ca website/trang web (URL) trn thanh Address

160

Cc vng chc nng

Tiu trang web

Bng chn (menu)

Thanh a ch

Thanh cng c

Vng hin th trang web

Thanh trng thi

41

161

Mt s website ph bin

Mng gio dc: http://www.edu.net.vn

Th in t:

http://www.mail.yahoo.com

http://www.gmail.com

http://www.hotmail.com

Din n trao i (forum):

http://www.edu.net.vn/forum

http://www.ttvnol.com/forum

162

Bo in t

Cung cp cc thng tin cp nht hng

ngy v nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh x

hi, kinh t, vn ha, th thao,...

http://www.vnexpress.net

http://www.vietnamnet.vn

http://www.dantri.com.vn

www.24h.com.vn

http://www.hanoimoi.com.vn

...

163

Nghe nhc, xem video trc tuyn

Nghe nhc trc tuyn http://mp3.zing.vn

http://www.nghenhac.info

http://www.nhacso.net

http://www.vnthuquan.net

Xem video trc tuyn

http://www.youtube.com

http://clip.vn

...164

Tra t in trc tuyn

Cho php tra t in Anh-Vit, Vit-Anh, Php-Vit, Vit-Php... trc tuyn (khng phi ci t phn mm g)

http://www.vdict.com

http://www.tratu.baamboo.com/

42

165

T in bch khoa ton th m

Cung cp cc khi nim, gii thch v cc t hoc

cm t no c chnh nhng ngi duyt web

xy dng ni dung

www.wikipedia.org

Ting Vit: www.vi.wikipedia.org

166

Chia s d liu trc tuyn

Chia s nhng d liu ln cho nhiu ngi

Nu dng min ph

Dung lng ti a mi ln ti ln thng l 100MB

Thi gian chia s ti a thng l 7 n 10 ngy

Website ph bin

http://www.yousendit.com/

http://www.esnips.com/

http://www.box.net/

www.rapidshare.com

www.megaupload.com

...

167

Tm kim

Gip tm kim nhanh chng nhng thng tin, ti liu lin quan n mt hoc mt vi t kha hoc mt s tiu ch khc

http://www.google.com.vn

http://www.search.yahoo.com/

http://baamboo.com/

http://www.altavista.com/

...

Tho lun

168

Documents

02-He Thong May Tinh