Uncertainty Analysis 10ͲAprͲ15 Contents Course 2015 4 ` Sources of Systematic Error ` Reduction of Systematic Errors 9 Calibration 9 Signal Filtering ` Calculation of Overall Systematic Error ` Sources and Treatment of Random Errors ` Statistical Analysis of Measurements Subject to Random Errors 9 Estimation of Random Error in a Single Measurement 9 Distribution of Manufacturing Tolerances ` Aggregation of Measurement System Errors 9 Aggregation of Errors from Separate Measurement System Components Introduction Course 2015 5 ¾ Measurement errors are impossible to avoid 9 arise during the measurement process 9 arise due noise ¾ Systematic errors describe errors in the output readings of a measurement system that are consistently on one side of the correct reading, that is, either all errors are positive or are all negative. Two major sources of systematic errors are 9 system disturbance during measurement 9 the effect of environmental changes ` Random errors are perturbations of the measurement either side of the true value caused by random and unpredictable effects. Sources of Systematic Error Course 2015 6 ` disturbance induced by the act of measurement ` effect of environmental disturbances ` due to wear and aging in instrument components ` resistance of connecting leads
