15 2 181-206 2019 / Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 181-206 Summer 2019

馬來西亞經濟發展的思路與策略

1970

1981

2009

15 2 2019/ 182

壹、前言

1957

3,240

68.8% 61.3%

劵 2017 6,120

International Islamic Financial Market, 20181

2008 2017

2008 2009

-21.19% Najib Razak

New Economic Model, NEM

Melaka Gateway Project East Coast

Rail Line Project, ECRL

2010-2017 GDP 4.98% 2010-2016

3.32% 2017 CPI 3.8% 4,132

2,179 1.23% 25 60.9%

GDP 3.0% GDP 25.5%

GDP 20.3% ADB, 2018 One

Malaysia Development Berhad, 1MDB 1MDB

2009 100%

One

1 Shariah

Haram

183

Malaysia 2

1MDB 2015

2018 Mahatir Mohamad

GDP 50.8% 2017 3

1 1960 1980

1986

GDP

1

%

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017

GDP -- 5.99 7.44 9.01 8.86 6.98 5.03 4.22 5.9*

(2010100)

5.54** 4.95 3.17 17.82 16.07 10.42 0.25 1.15 --

GDP (US$)

234.92 357.66 1,774.74 2,440.59 4,045.17 9,071.36 10,739.5 11,028.2 --

CPI 0.1 1.8 6.7 2.6 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.1 3.8***

-- -- -- 4.50**** 3.00 3.25 3.10 3.44 a

(% GDP)

-- -- -1.1 -2.0 9.0 10.1 3.1 2.4 3.0

World Bank 2018 Asian Development Bank 2017, 2018 Trading Economics2018

*EPU 2017 4.3% 4.8% **2016 ***EPU 2017 2.0%3.0% ****DOSM 2018 3.6% 3.8%

2 sovereign wealth fund, SWF

3 2018

15 2 2019/ 184

10

2017 Port Klang 1,197

20 TEUs 11

2016

West Port 10 19

2018

2002

Malaysia My Second Home Programme, MM2H

10

2002 2017 8 MM2H 9,902 27.6%

12.2% 10.5% Ministry of Tourism and Culture

Malaysia, 2013

10% SST

GST

1969

New Economic Policy, NEP

貳、馬來西亞各階段經濟發展的思路與表現

1980

185

10

1957-80 1981-20034 2004-

2017

1966

1966-70

1969 5 13

NEP

2011 2001

5

NEP

2017

4 Sundaram Wee 50

5 1972

15 2 2019/ 186

1981

1970

6

1 1970-2008

2008

21.9% 36.7% 41.4%

34.9%7 Sundaram & Wee, 2014

Sundaram Wee 2014: 89

1 1970 2008

National Development Policy

NEP 2020

6 Bumiputera 7 2010 67.4% 24.6%

187

1. Look East

2.

ISO

3. Malaysia Incorporated Policy

10 Fourth Malaysia Plan, 4MP,

1981-85 Fifth Malaysia Plan, 5MP, 1986-90

Industrial Master Plan, 1986-95

Action Plan for Industrial Technology

Development, APITD

2005 1990 1991-2000

2020 1991-2020

30

1996 R&D GDP 0.22% 2015

1.30% Index Mundi, 2018 1990-2000

7.2% 5

1983-2000 109

79 BOT BT

328 2014

15 2 2019/ 188

1998

2011 Tesco

Jusco 2017

2006 Abdulla Badawi

Johor state Iskandar

Development Region, IDR Iskandar

Malaysia Wikipedia, 2018 2,217

2014

Johor Bahru City Center

2

2018 3

674.89 61% 39% 6,457

2018 Temasek

Khazanah 2

2002-12 5.1%

2009

30% 30%

NEM NEP

189

HKTDC 2014

2

2

A Jonor Bahru City Centre

B Nusajaya

C Western Gate Development

D Eastern Gate Development

Pasir Gudang

E Senai-Skudai

2015

15 2 2019/ 190

2005-12

2005 65.8% 2012 49.3%

2010 12 National Key Economic

Areas, NKEA Performance Management and

Delivery Unit 12

90%

100%

1-5

2020 8

GDP 20% 2018 98.5%

5 micro enterprise 76.5% 89.2%

5.3% DOSM, 2018

NEP

2014 3

4

8 200 75

5

191

3︰

15 2 2019/ 192

4

20

NEP

1990

2000

3

3︰

% 5 60 100

15 60 5 10 70 100

MIDA 2018

1957-80 1981-97 1998-

193

參、面對中國一帶一路在馬來西亞的龐大投資

2013 One Belt One Road 2015

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, AIIB

2018

1309 East Coast Rail Line, ECRL 1,000

10 2018 Trading Economics,

2017 5

SPAD, Land Public Transport Commission 2016

5

9 130 688

10 2014 1,000

Forest City 702018

15 2 2019/ 194

2016 5 3111 2017

2016

2017 2017

4 1MBD

12 277

2018

1. 130

2.

108

3. 38

4. 35

5. 33

2015

China-Malaysia Port Alliance, CMPA 6

9

11

2017

11 Bandar Malaysia 2017 5

12 Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High-Speed Rail, HSR 350

2

195

4

State Project Company Value (RM, bil)

Penang Penang Undersea Tunnel China Railway Construction Corporation

3.7

Penang Second Bridge China Harbour and Engineering Corporation

4.5

Selangor East Coast Railway Link (from Klang to Kota Bharu)

China Communications and Construction Company

55

Xiamen University Malaysia

Sinohydro Investment 1.3

Edra Power Holdings (various power plants locally and overseas)

China General Nuclear Power Group

10

Malacca Melaka Gateway (port and mixed development)

PowerChina International 15

Johor Forest City Country Garden 105

Various other Developments

Various 26

Sarawak Bakun Dam PowerChina International 7.5

Pahang Kuantan Port and Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park

Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group

8

Kuala Lumpur TRX Signature Tower China State Construction Engineering Corporation

3.5

Four Seasons Hotel China Railaway Construction Corporation

2.5

Wan Saiful (2017: 3)

15 2 2019/ 196

2017

6

肆、政黨輪替後可能面臨的重大經濟議題

10

1MBD

Catcha Group

2018 Larmer, 2018

2017

197

Lazada POS Malaysia

2019 Electronic World Trade

Platform

2018 2018

10%

2011-2016 FDI 572.7

2018 7 1970-2016 FDI GDP

1990 NEP

FDI GDP

Department of Islamic Development Malaysia,

JAKIM

MIDA (2018)

7︰1970-2016 FDI GDP %

15 2 2019/ 198

伍、台灣與馬來西亞的經貿前景

Institute for Democracy and Economic

Affairs, AIEAS

5 24.3

5G

32.3% 2019a

East Coast Economic Region, ECER 2007 2018

273.82 52% 11 1,703

2019b

2017 175.5 2016

24.5% 2008 7

2018

2017

124.16 MIDA, 2016; Stander Data,

2018 4

31.67 4

2018 WTO RTA WTA

199

2017 6 5.71%

19.8% 9.1% 7.47% 7.92% 4.74%

2018

2015

97.56 DOSM, 2018 2016

3.7

Khairul, 2017 8

Khairul Akmaliah Adham 2017: 10

8

15 2 2019/ 200

B

IRCAD-Taiwan13

2011 Newcastle University

Medicine Marlborough College 9

2014

App

2018 EZTABLE

Health Supplements GMP 2018

陸、結論

10

2020 2030

13 BenQ

201

15 2 2019/ 202

參考文獻

2011 FDI1 17-22

201415 2 79-128

2005 — R&D124 36-42

2018 https://www.taipeiecon.taipei/article_cont.aspx?MmmID=1201&MSid=10010232

76114252722 2018/5/20 2018 145 http://www.

ir-basilica.com/ / 2018/6/20 2018 https://www.

taipeiecon.taipei/article_cont.aspx?MmmID=1203&MSid=10010141106747606552018/5/20

20174 37-51

2018 WTORTA http://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Page.aspx?nid=126&pid=309164

2018/5/20 2018 1 9

http://m.hktdc.com/business- news/article/ //imn/tc/1/1X000000/1X0ACMRF.htm 2018/5/21

2014 9 2http://economists-pick-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/ /

/rp/tc/1/1X000000/1X09Z48G.htm 2011 8 14-18 2018 92 1 117 https://

www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80398/post/201805160041/92%20%20 1 2018/6/20

2018 647https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5089739 2018/8/17

203

2018 BBC 5 15http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-44107070 2018/6/20

2017 NewsLens5 15 https://asean.thenewslens.com/article/68002 2018/5/21

2017 5 912 https://aseanplusjournal.com/2017/09/12/asean20170912_cmpa/

2018/5/21 2008 550 36-40 http://www.

twse.com.tw/ch/products/publication/download/0001000357.pdf 2018/5/21 2017 8 4

http://www.ehornbill.com/v12/2012-11-06-11-52-08/2012-11-06-11-52-58/8592-2017-08-05-09-53-30 2018/9/8

2014 https://www. taipeiecon.taipei/article_cont.aspx?MmmID=1203&MSid=653653530350111501

2018/6/20 2018 16 1

74-88 2017 7 20

http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/17/12/1/n9914850.htm 2018/8/7 2018 file:///C:/Users/Tengyy/Downloads/

42c623e9-ffce-4ad7-ac7e-2332ea560893%20(2).pdf 2018/5/21 2017 2017 —

2019a

https://www. trade.gov.tw/World/Detail.aspx?nodeID=45&pid=666324 2019/4/17

2019b 20072018 1,135 2020

1,100 https://www.trade.gov.tw/World/ Detail.aspx?nodeID=45&pid=666497 2019/4/19

2018 20175,210 https://www.trade.gov.tw/World/

Detail.aspx?nodeID=45&pid=636232 2018/5/21 2017 4

15 2 2019/ 204

53-73 2001

40 6 69-84 Asian Development Bank. 2017. “Member Fact Sheet: Malaysia.” (https://www.adb.

org/sites/default/files/publication/27778/mal-2017.pdf) (2018/9/14) Asian Development Bank. 2018. “ADB Basic Statistics 2018.” (https://www.adb.org/

publications/basic-statistics-2018) (2018/9/14) Brook Larmer. 2018. “A Malaysian Insta-City Becomes a Flash Point for Chinese

Colonialism—and Capital Flight.” New York Times Magazine, March 13 (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/magazine/a-malaysian-insta-city-becomes-a-flash-point-for-chinese-colonialism-and-capital-flight.html?_ga=2.71016788.538169485.1529975842-1398594605.1529975842) (2018/6/20)

Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM). 2018. (https://www.dosm.gov.my/ v1/index.php?r=home/index&menu_id=b2ROaWpITmQ5NnAvMHVmRjRkZzlBQT09) (2018/5/21)

Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Prime Minister’s Department. 2017. “The Malaysian Economy in Figures.” (http://www.epu.gov.my/sites/default/files/MEIF_2017.pdf) (2018/9/14)

HKTDC (Hong Kong Trade Development Council). 2014. “Iskandar Malaysia: Emerging Consumer Prospects.” (http://economists-pick-research.hktdc.com/ business-news/article/Research-Articles/Iskandar-Malaysia-Emerging-Consumer- Prospects/rp/en/1/1X000000/1X09Z48G.htm) (2018/9/14)

Index Mundi. 2018. Factbook Malaysia (https://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/) (2018/5/21)

International Islamic Financial Market. 2018. IIFM Sukuk Report: Connecting Asia’s Economies, 7th ed. (http://www.iifm.net/system/files/private/en/IIFM%20Sukuk% 20Report%202018%20%287th%20Edition%29_9.pdf) (2018/6/20)

International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2018. “Malaysia.” IMF Country Report No. 18/61 (file:///C:/Users/Genuine/Downloads/cr1861.pdf) (2018/9/14)

Jomo Kwame Sundaram, and Wee Chong Hue. 2014. Malaysia@50: Economic Development, Distribution, Disparities. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.

Khairul Akmaliah Adham. 2017. “Halal Taiwan: Emerging Player in the Global Halal Market.” December 13 (http://www.aseancenter.org.tw/upload/files/for%20printing

205

%2011122017%20Halal%20Taiwan%20Mamoon.pdf) (2018/5/21) Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA). 2016. Malaysia Investment

Performance Report, 2016 (http://www.mida.gov.my/home/administrator/system_ files/modules/photo/uploads/20171101140914_MIDA-FINAL%20MIPR2016.pdf) (2018/9/14)

Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA). 2018. “Fact and Figures Data.” (http://www.mida.gov.my/home/facts-and-figures/posts/) (2018/5/21)

Ministry of Finance Malaysia. 2018. 2018 Budget. Putrajaya: Ministry of Finance Malaysia.

Ministry of Tourism and Culture Malaysia. 2013. “MM2H Programme Statistics.” (http://www.mm2h.gov.my/index.php/en/home/programme/statistics) (2018/8/17)

Stander Data. 2018. “Malaysia Foreign Investment.” (https://en.portal.Santander trade.com/establish-overseas/malaysia/foreign-investment) (2081/5/21)

Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat (SPAD) Land Public Transport Commission. 2016. Annual Report 2016. Kuala Lumpur: SPAD.

Trading Economics. 2018. “GDP Per Capita.” (https://tradingeconomics.com/ malaysia/gdp-per-capita) (2018/5/21)

Wan Saiful, Wan Jan. 2017. “Malaysia’s Priority Is to Manage, not Stop, China’s Investments.” (https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2017_46. pdf) (2018/9/14)

Wikipedia. 2018. “Iskandar Malaysia.” 2018. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Iskandar_Malaysia) (2018/5/21)

World Bank. 2018. “Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Growth): Malaysia.” (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.KD.ZG?locations=MY&vear_ low_desc=true) (2018/9/14)

15 2 2019/ 206

Strategies of Malaysia’s Economic Development

Teng, Yuying Lecturer, Center for General Education and Core Curriculum

Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei, TAIWAN

Abstract

The “New Economic Policy, NEP” to protect the interests of the Bumiputera was implemented to eliminate wealth inequality between races in Malaysia. By the late 1970s the economic growth model was transferred from import substitution to export-oriented. In 1981, industrial upgrading, relaxed foreign investment controls, privatization of enterprises were due to the “National Development Policy, NEP.” In 2009, Najib ruled the “New Economic Model, NEM” to deregulate and accelerate market liberalization. It’s the third economic reforms and proposes “One Malaysia.” This article examines the strategies of economic development at various stages since Malaysia’s independence, and the study found that economic liberalization has caused the huge capital investment of China’s “One Belt and One Road” to move in, and Malaysia is facing debt pressure. Some major investment plans are suspended, and global Islamic financial services center and Halal food development center are parts of Malaysia’s trend industries.

Keywords: Economic development of Malaysia, Islamic Financial, Iskandar Development Region, Halal Market

/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False

/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice