091713 LEGRE Memorandum

8/20/2019 091713 LEGRE Memorandum

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Republic of the Philippines

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT

National Capital Region

Branch ___ !ue"on Cit#

$ONNA BUENO Ci%il Case No& '()**'+** Plaintiff ,or -a.ages

) %ersus )

GLORIA /UPER0ART INC&

-efen1ant&

2 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 2

MEMORANDUM FOR PLAINTIFF

Plaintiff b# counsel respectfull# states that3

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Plaintiff $onna Bueno 4hereinafter 5$onna67 file1 the present action for 1a.ages against -efen1ant

Gloria /uper.art Inc& 4hereinafter 5Gloria /uper.art67& $onna attributes the in8uries suffere1 b# her

.inor son to Gloria /uper.art9s gross negligence in failing to .a:e its pre.ises safe for custo.ers

thereb# .a:ing it liable un1er Art& '*(; an1 Art& '*<+ of the Ci%il Co1e& -efen1ant .aintain that

=hate%er in8uries an1 e2penses that =ere incurre1 b# the Bueno fa.il# can be attribute1 to $onna9s

failure to super%ise her chil1&

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS

*& On 0a# ** '+*+ $onna an1 her .inor chil1 >)#ear ol1 Ric:# =ent to Gloria /uper.art at

aroun1 *+ a&.& in or1er to shop for groceries&

'& ?hile negotiating the aisles in the super.ar:et Ric:#9s attention =as capture1 b# a s.all re1 ball

that =as rolling on the floor& Being but a chil1 of ten1er #ears possesse1 of the i..ature 1isposition

of in1i%i1uals of that age it =as no surprise that Ric:# chase1 after the ball 1o=n the aisle an1 a=a#

fro. $onna&

@& It =as at this point that Ric:# su11enl# slippe1 an1 fell because he ha1 steppe1 on a =et section

of the aisle& Liui1 s#rup ha1 seepe1 out fro. a bottle locate1 on a nearb# shelf an1 ha1 for.e1 a

pu11le on the floor&

& $onna i..e1iatel# rushe1 to her son9s si1e& Ric:# =as cr#ing in pain an1 pointing to his right

=rist&



>& $onna calle1 for help as there =ere no nearb# store cler:s& Rene Cstro 4hereinafter 5Rene67 the

super.ar:et super%isor e%entuall# ca.e o%er fro. another aisle in or1er to help out&

;& There =ere no signs an1 1e%ices that =oul1 =arn shoppers that an area of the floor =as =et&

There =ere no nearb# cleaners or 8anitors =iping up the liui1& In fact the onl# nearb# Gloria/uper.art personnel =as Rene in the ne2t aisle an1 e%en he see.e1 una=are that a ha"ar1

e2iste1 on the other si1e of the shel%es&

(& ?ith the ai1 of Rene $onna .anage1 to bring her chil1 to the Philippine Orthope1ic ospital

=here Ric:# =as atten1e1 to b# -r& $ohn Li.& Ric:# =as sub8ecte1 to an 2)ra# an1 it =as 1isco%ere1

that surger# =as necessar# in or1er to restore the position of a fracture1 bone in his right =rist&

<& /ai1 surger# in fact too: place an1 Ric:# =as thereafter reuire1 to sta# o%ernight at the hospital

for purposes of pain .anage.ent an1 care& e =as 1ischarge1 the follo=ing 1a#&

D& Ric:# reco%ere1 the full use of his han1 onl# after a perio1 of ; =ee:s& In that span of ti.e he

.o%e1 =ith 1isco.fort an1 1ifficult# unable to use his han1s&

*+& /ince the 1ate of Ric:#9s in8ur# an1 e%en 1uring his recuperation perio1 $onna suffere1 the

.ental anguish fright an1 serious an2iet# of a .other =ho =as confronte1 =ith the in8ur# of a

belo%e1 chil1&

**& In a11ition to the ph#sical suffering suffere1 b# Ric:# an1 the .ental an1e.otional strain on

$onna the# =ere further aggrie%e1 because the# ha1 to spen1 P''<+&++ in 1octor9s fees

hospitali"ation e2penses an1 .e1icine as e%i1ence1 b# receipts .ar:e1 as ANNE ____&

*'& On the other han1 Gloria /uper.art through Rene clai.s that it e2ercise1 proper 1iligence in

.a:ing the pre.ises safe an1 that ulti.atel# $onna =as the one =ho faile1 to super%ise Ric:#& It

1enie1 liabilit# for all 1a.ages&

ISSUES

Gi%en the foregoing facts an1 circu.stances the follo=ing issues are presente1 for 1iscussion3

*& ?hether or not Gloria /uper.art .a# be hel1 liable for the co..ission of a uasi 1elict

un1er Art& '*(; an1 Art '*<+ of the Ci%il Co1e&

'& ?hether or not Gloria /uper.art .a# be hel1 liable for 1a.ages&

ARGUMENTS

I& Gloria /uper.art is liable for the co..ission of a uasi 1elict that =as the pro2i.ate cause of

Ric:#9s in8uries&





<& /pecificall# Rene as store super%isor coul1 ha%e been .ore %igilant inpatrolling the aisles for

spills or the presence of si.ilar ha"ar1s& e faile1 the test for 1eter.ining =hether a person is

negligent that =as lai1 out b# the /upre.e Court in the case of Philippine National Construction %&

CA 4G&R& No& *>D'(+ Aug& '' '++>7& The test in that case reuires a person to act as a pru1ent

.an in a si.ilar position an1 fails to ta:e the proper precautions against foreseeable har.& e has

alrea1# ha1 > #ears of e2perience in han1ling the inci1ents of the super.ar:et an1 #et he 1i1nothing&

D& 0oreo%er signs an1 =arning 1e%ices =hich =oul1 infor. shoppers that a ha"ar1 =as present

=ere noticeabl# absent& This o%ersight e%i1ences e%en the =ant of or1inar# care on the part of Rene

an1 the other super.ar:et e.plo#ees&

*+& Rene an1 the other e.plo#ees9 negligence in patrolling the aisles an1 placing proper =arning

signsH1e%ices is further supporte1 b# the fact that as earlier .entione13 *7 si.ilar acci1ents often

happen an1 '7 the# :ne= that chil1ren often acco.pan# their parents to the super.ar:et& a%ing

a1%ance notice of these facts the# cannot no= clai. that Ric:#9s in8ur# =as an unforeseeable

acci1ent&

B& Gloria /uper.art .a# be hel1 liable for the negligent acts or o.issions of itse.plo#ees un1er Art&

'*<+ of the Ci%il Co1e&

**& Art& '*<+ pro%i1es that 5the obligation i.pose1 b# Art& '*(; is 1e.an1able notonl# for one9s o=n

acts or o.issions but also for those of persons for =ho. one is responsible&6 /ai1 article further

pro%i1es that 5the o=ners an1 .anagers of an establish.ent or enterprise are li:e=ise responsible

for 1a.ages cause1 b# their e.plo#ees in the ser%ice of the branches in =hich the latter are

e.plo#e1 or on the occasion of their functions&

*'& Appl#ing the foregoing to the present case it is clear that Rene an1 other e.plo#ees on 1ut#

that 1a# =ere at that ti.e in the ser%ice of Gloria /uper.art perfor.ing their regular functions an1

1uties&

*@& In or1er to escape liabilit# for its e.plo#ees9 negligent acts Gloria /uper.art.ust sho= that it

obser%e1 5the 1iligence of a a goo1 father of the fa.il#6 to pre%ent the 1a.age&

*& Unfortunatel# Gloria /uper.art has faile1 to sho= that it e2ercise1 such 1egree of 1iligence in

super%ising Rene an1 the other e.plo#ees& The testi.onies on recor1 1o not sho= that it =as store

polic# to ta:e e2tra precautions against spills an1 other .ishaps =hich occur in the or1inar# course

of a super.ar:et business& The testi.onies on recor1 also in1icate an absence of institutionalconcern for the safet# an1 =ell being of chil1ren that the# :ne= often acco.panie1 their parents in

the store& In fact Rene testifie1 that chil1ren =ere the sole responsibilit# of their parents& ?hile this

.a# be true to a certain e2tent consi1ering that Art& '+D of the Ci%il Co1e pro%i1es that authorit#

o%er .inor chil1ren are =ith the parents Gloria /uper.art coul1 ha%e b# e2ercising or1inar#

care pre%ente1 or at least .ini.i"e1 the possibilit# of .ishaps occurring& The pre%ention

an1 re.o%al of ha"ar1s li:e the s#rup on the floor is a 1ut# that falls suarel# =ithin its area of

responsibilit#& 0oreo%er chil1ren cannot be hel1 to the sa.e e2acting stan1ar1s of 1iligence that are



attribute1 to an a1ult& Chil1ren of ten1er #ears li:e Ric:# are ob%iousl# at greater ris: fro. ha"ar1s&

-espite Gloria /uper.art9s :no=le1ge an1 a=areness of chil1ren9s presence on its pre.ises it 1i1

not e2ercise the 1iligence of a goo1 father of the fa.il# in .a:ing sure that it too: e2tra care to

super%ise an1 instruct its e.plo#ees in .ini.i"ing the ris:&

*>& All tol1 it is e%i1ent that all the con1itions of a uasi 1elict obtain in the presentcase3 Ric:#suffere1 an in8ur# =hich in the or1inar# course of e%ents =oul1 not ha%e happene1 ha1 it not been

for the negligence of Gloria /uper.art9s e.plo#ees in pre%enting the occurrence of spillages an1

other or1inar# store inci1ents an1 subseuentl# in not pro.ptl# cleaning up the spille1 liui1 s#rup

an1 in not placing signs an1 other =arning 1e%ices& Gloria /uper.art itself =as liable for the acts of

its e.plo#ees because it faile1 to e2ercise the 1iligence of a goo1 father of the fa.il# in .a:ing sure

that it =as co.pan# polic# to ta:e precautions against foreseeable acci1ents inclu1ing those that

=oul1 in%ol%e chil1ren& Assu.ing there =as such a polic# it =as negligent in super%ising its

e.plo#ees to ensure that the# a1here1 to such stan1ar1s an1 policies&

II& Gloria /uper.art is liable for the pa#.ent of 1a.ages&

*& Art& '+ of the Ci%il Co1e pro%i1es that 5e%er# person =ho contrar# to la= =ilfull# or negligentl#

causes 1a.age to another shall in1e.nif# the latter for the sa.e&6 0oreo%er Art& '*(; also obliges

the part# responsible for the uasi 1elict to pa# for the 1a.age 1one& ere the negligence of Gloria

/uper.art has been clearl# establishe1& ence it cannot escape liabilit# for the pa#.ent of

1a.ages&

A& Gloria /uper.art is liable for the pa#.ent of actual 1a.ages&

'& 5E2cept as pro%i1e1 b# la= or b# stipulation one is entitle1 to an a1euateco.pensabilit# for such

pecuniar# loss suffere1 b# hi. as he has 1ul# pro%e1&6 4Art&'*DD Ci%il Co1e7

@& $onna incurre1 P''<+ in 1octor9s fees hospitali"ation e2penses an1 .e1icine =hich are

properl# 1ocu.ente1 b# receipts 4ANNE 5A67& These e2penses =oul1 not ha%e been incurre1 ha1

the acci1ent not happene1 as a result of Gloria /uper.art9s negligence in .a:ing sure that its

pre.ises =ere safe an1 secure&

B& Gloria /uper.art is liable for the pa#.ent of .oral 1a.ages&

& 0oral 1a.ages inclu1e 5ph#sical suffering .ental anguish fright seriousan2iet# bes.irche1

reputation =oun1e1 feelings .oral shoc: social hu.iliation an1 si.ilar in8ur#&6 4Art& ''*( Ci%il

Co1e7 The article further pro%i1es that 5though incapable of pecuniar# co.putation .oral 1a.ages.a# be reco%ere1 if the# are the pro2i.ate result of the 1efen1ant9s =rongful act or o.ission&6

4supra7

>& The facts bear out the clai. that $onna suffere1 .ental anguish fright an1 serious an2iet# =hen

she sa= her son in8ure1 an1 in pain& er e.otional an1 .ental state is 1irectl# connecte1 =ith the

fact that her son slippe1 fell an1 bro:e his =rist 1ue to the negligence of Gloria /uper.art an1 its

e.plo#ees&



;& A .other is naturall# concerne1 o%er the health an1 =ell being of her chil1& ence one can onl#

i.agine the suffering that she ha1 to go through =hen she sa= her chil1 slip an1 fall un1ergo

surger# an1 continue to suffer pain an1 1isco.fort for ; =ee:s after he =as 1ischarge1 fro. the

hospital&

(& Ric:# hi.self ha1 to en1ure a significant a.ount of ph#sical suffering as a resultof his bro:en

=rist& 0oral 1a.ages can also be reco%ere1 for such in8uries suffere1 as a conseuence of uasi

1elict because the la= 4Art& ''*D Ci%il Co1e7 treats it as an analogous circu.stance to those

instances in Art& ''*( for =hich .oral 1a.ages .a# be properl# clai.e1&

<& Note that in a11ition to the pain he suffere1 on the 1a# of the in8ur# such painlaste1 e%en up to ;

=ee:s after the surger# 1uring =hich ti.e he ha1 li.ite1 range of .o%e.ent in his han1s an1 =as

also force1 to 1eal =ith a significant a.ount of 1isco.fort&

C& E%en assu.ing there =as also negligence on the part of $onna such =as onl# contributor# an1

=ill not negate the a=ar1 of 1a.ages&

D& The pro2i.ate cause of Ric:#9s in8ur# an1 the Bueno fa.il#9s subseuent suffering is still Gloria

/uper.art9s negligence&

*+& ence Gloria /uper.art shoul1 still be pri.aril# liable for the pa#.ent of 1a.ages&

**& Assu.ing $onna shoul1 ha%e ta:en greater care in loo:ing after Ric:# this still1oes not .a:e her

negligence the pro2i.ate cause because an acci1ent =oul1 still not necessaril# ha%e occurre1

=ithout the efficient inter%ening cause of the liui1 on the floor&

*'& Contributor# negligence if there is an# =ill onl# ser%e to re1uce the 1a.ages that .a# be

reco%ere1 b# $onna&

PRAYER

?ERE,ORE pre.ises consi1ere1 it is respectfull# pra#e1 that 8u1g.ent be ren1ere1 in fa%or of

plaintiff an1 against 1efen1ant b#3

*7 ,IN-ING Gloria /uper.art liable for the co..ission of negligent acts un1er Art& '*(; '*<+

=hen it faile1 to .aintain safe pre.ises for its custo.ersF causing in8ur# to Ric:#&

'7 OR-ERING Gloria /uper.art to pa# both actual 1a.ages of P''<+ an1 .oral 1a.ages in an

a.ount this onorable Court fin1s 8ust an1 reasonable un1er the circu.stances&

Other 8ust an1 euitable re.e1ies un1er the circu.stances are li:e=ise pra#e1 for&

!ue"on Cit# No%e.ber '( '+**&



4/g1&7 ATTJ& RE BELTRAN Counsel for Plaintiff

A11ress3

IBP No3

PTR No3

Roll No30CLE No3

Cop# furnishe13

ATTJ E0IL /UNGA

Counsel for -efen1ant

EPLANATION

In %ie= of ti.e an1 .anpo=er restrictions the abo%e 0e.oran1u. =as ser%e1 %iaregistere1 .ail

as personal ser%ice coul1 not be a%aile1 of =ithout causing un1ue har1ship to plaintiff&

4/g1&7 ATTJ& RE BELTRAN

Counsel for Palintiff

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(SO!"#$





Chi Ming Tsoi vs Court of Appeals

2%% S"!& 32' an)ary 1%* 1++7

Facts:

,riate respondent ina oi and petitioner "hi ing soi were married at the

anila "athedral on ay 22* 1+. "ontrary to inas e4pectations that the

newlyweds were to en5oy ma6ing loe or haing se4)al interco)rse with each other*

the defendant 5)st went to ed* slept on one side thereof* then t)rned his ac6 and

went to sleep. 8o se4)al interco)rse occ)rred d)ring their 9rst night* second* third

and fo)rth night.

rom ay 22* 1+ )ntil arch 1;* 1++* they slept together in the same

room and on the same ed )t d)ring this period* there was no attempt of se4)al

interco)rse etween them. & case was then 9led to declare the ann)lment of themarriage on the gro)nd of psychological incapacity. ina alleged that "hi ing was

impotent* a closet homose4)al as he did not show him his penis (clinically fo)nd to

e only 3 inches and 1 cm. when erect$. <efendant admitted that no se4)al contact

was eer made and according to him eerytime he wanted to hae se4)al

interco)rse with his wife* she always aoided him and wheneer he caressed her

priate parts she always remoed his hands.

Issue:

=s the ref)sal of priate respondent to hae se4)al comm)nion with petitioner

a psychological incapacity>

Held:

?es. =f a spo)se* altho)gh physically capale )t simply ref)ses to perform his

or her essential marriage oligations* and the ref)sal is senseless and constant*

"atholic marriage tri)nals attri)te the ca)ses to psychological incapacity than to

st)orn ref)sal. Senseless and protracted ref)sal is e@)ialent to psychological

incapacity. h)s* the prolonged ref)sal of a spo)se to hae se4)al interco)rse with

his or her spo)se is considered a sign of psychological incapacity.

#idently* one of the essential marital oligations )nder the amily "ode is

Ao procreate children ased on the )niersal principle that procreation of children

thro)gh se4)al cooperation is the asic end of marriage.B "onstant non-f)l9llment

of this oligation will 9nally destroy the integrity or wholeness of the marriage. =n

the case at ar* the senseless and protracted ref)sal of one of the parties to f)l9ll

the aoe marital oligation is e@)ialent to psychological incapacity.



Chile the law proides that the h)sand and the wife are oliged to lie

together* osere m)t)al loe* respect and 9delity. (&rt. %* amily "ode$* the

sanction therefore is act)ally the Aspontaneo)s* m)t)al aDection etween h)sand

and wife and not any legal mandate or co)rt order. oe is )seless )nless it isshared with another. =ndeed* no man is an island* the cr)elest act of a partner in

marriage is to say A= co)ld not hae cared less.B his is so eca)se an )ngien self

is an )nf)l9lled self. he egoist has nothing )t himself. =n the nat)ral order* it is

se4)al intimacy which rings spo)ses wholeness and oneness. Se4)al intimacy is a

gift and a participation in the mystery of creation. =t is a f)nction which enliens the

hope of procreation and ens)res the contin)ation of family relations.

=8 E=#C O F# O!#O=8 ,!#=S#S* the assailed decision of the "o)rt of

&ppeals dated 8oemer 2+* 1++' is herey &=!#< in all respects and the

petition is herey <#8=#< for lac6 of merit.

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December 10, 2010

Mr. Peter Banag16 Annapolis St.

Cubao, Quezon Cit

Dear Mr. Banag!

"ere is t#e opinion ou re$ueste%. &#e 'acts, gat#ere% 'rom ou an% our %ocuments, areas 'ollo(s!

)our %aug#ter, Mar Banag, about si* ears ol%, (ent to Art#ur Sison+s #ouse to bu ice

can% on September 12 at about - PM. Mar noce% on t#e gate, but #a/ing gotten no response'rom Art#ur (#o (as napping t#en, s#e teste% t#e gate b pus#ing it. pon %oing so, t#e gate

iel%e% an% Art#ur+s %og umpe% out, (ent a'ter Mar an% attace% #er 'rom be#in%, biting #er

on t#e leg an% arms as s#e 'ell to t#e groun%. S#e (as sa/e% b re% Puzon, a neig#bor, (#o

ice% t#e %og a(a an% protecte% #er. A(aene% b t#e commotion an% #a/ing #ear% s#outst#at #is %og #a% attace% a c#il%, Art#ur (ent out, sent t#e %og bac to #is ar% an% boug#t Mar

to a nearb clinic 'or treatment, paing t#e me%ical bill t#erea'ter. )ou ase% Art#ur to pa MarP20,000 in %amages 'or t#e or%eal but all ou got (as a letter saing t#at #e cannot grant our

%eman% because #e (as not at 'ault. "e base% #is stan% on t#e 'ollo(ing!

1. &#at t#ere (as a sign at t#e gate (arning about t#e presence o' t#e %og, in e''ect

impling t#at i' Mar #ee%e% (#at t#e sign sas, t#e attac (oul%n+t #a/e

#appene%

2. &#at at t#e time o' t#e attac s#e (as not accompanie% b an a%ult, implie%l putting t#e blame on ou as #er parent 'or letting #er roam outsi%e unatten%e% an%

t#ere'ore e*posing #er to %anger3 an%

-. &#at #e alrea% pai% t#e bill 'or Mar+s me%ication.

&#e issue #ere is clear! it+s (#et#er or not Art#ur is liable to Mar 'or %amages. 4n m

opinion, Art#ur is liable 'or %amages not(it#stan%ing #is %e'enses. irst an% 'oremost, (#at#appene% to Mar is classi'ie% as a quasi-delict , as %e'ine% b Article 2156 o' t#e Ci/il Co%e!

#oe/er b act or omission causes %amage to anot#er, t#ere being 'ault or negligence, is

oblige% to pa 'or t#e %amage %one. Suc# 'ault or negligence, i' t#ere is no pree*istingcontractual relation bet(een t#e parties, is calle% a $uasi%elict an% is go/erne% b t#e

pro/isions o' t#is C#apter.

As 'or t#e nature o' Art#ur+s liabilit, t#e pro/ision t#at go/erns is Article 217- o' t#e

Ci/il Co%e. 4t pro/i%es t#at!

&#e possessor o' an animal or (#oe/er ma mae use o' t#e same is responsible 'or t#e

%amage (#ic# it ma cause, alt#oug# it ma escape or be lost. &#is responsibilit s#all

cease onl in case t#e %amages s#oul% come 'rom 'orce maeure 'rom t#e 'ault o' t#e

person (#o #as su''ere% %amage.



&#e Supreme Court e*plaine% sai% pro/ision in t#e case o' Vestil v. Intermediate

Appellate Court (G.R. No. 74431 17! "CRA 47#, saing t#at!

Accor%ing to Manresa, t#e obligation impose% b Article 217- o' t#e Ci/il Co%e is not

base% on t#e negligence or on t#e presume% lac o' /igilance o' t#e possessor or user o' t#e animal causing t#e %amage. 4t is base% on natural e$uit an% on t#e principle o' social

interest t#at #e (#o possesses animals 'or #is utilit, pleasure or ser/ice must ans(er 'or

t#e %amage (#ic# suc# animal ma cause.

8o(, Art#ur ma sa t#at (#at #appene% (as broug#t about b contributor negligence

on Mar+s part as t#e 'ormer implie% in #is letter, or #e ma claim t#at letting Mar roam t#e

/icinit unaccompanie% is negligence on our part an% constitutes t#e pro*imate cause o' #er inuries, not(it#stan%ing #is o(n negligence in lea/ing t#e gate unloce% be'ore napping. Bot#

scenarios are go/erne% b Article 2159 o' t#e Ci/il Co%e t#at pro/i%es!

#en t#e plainti''+s o(n negligence (as t#e imme%iate an% pro*imate cause o' #isinur, #e cannot reco/er %amages. But i' #is negligence (as onl contributor, t#e

imme%iate an% pro*imate cause o' t#e inur being t#e %e'en%ant+s lac o' %ue care, t#e plainti'' ma reco/er %amages, but t#e courts s#all mitigate t#e %amages to be a(ar%e%.

4n t#e 'irst scenario, t#e Supreme Court+s ruling in $arco %ar&etin' Corporation v. Court

o Appeals (G.R. No. 1)!7!) 3)1 "CRA 37*# t#at :a c#il% un%er nine ears o' age must be

conclusi/el presume% incapable o' contributor negligence as a matter o' la(; co/ers Mar,#ence t#ro(ing t#e notion o' contributor negligence on #er part out t#e (in%o(. As 'or t#e

secon% scenario, t#e ruling in +mali v. ,acani (G.R. No. -4*7 /! "CRA )/3# pro/i%es t#at

parental negligence in allo(ing a oung c#il% to go out o' t#e #ouse alone ma at most $uali' ascontributor negligence an% as suc# (oul% be co/ere% b t#e secon% sentence o' Article 2159.

Art#ur, being t#e o(ner o' t#e %og t#at attace% Mar, is liable 'or %amages, (it# all possible %e'enses taen into consi%eration. 4' Art#ur %i%n+t lea/e t#e gate unloce% be'ore taing

a nap < an act s#o(ing a lac o' %ue care < t#ere (oul% #a/e been no (a t#e %og coul% #a/e

attace% Mar. Mar coul% test t#e gate all %a long an% s#e (oul%n+t be attace% b Art#ur+s%og #a% t#e gate been close%. =' course, #e ma sa t#at paing Mar+s me%ical bill s#oul% be

enoug#, but t#at %oes not co/er t#e moral %amages t#at Mar is entitle% to un%er Article 2219 >2?

o' t#e Ci/il Co%e, (#ic# speci'icall pertains to $uasi%elicts causing p#sical inuries. As

mentione% earlier, t#e onl reprie/e %ue #im (oul% be a mitigation o' #is liabilit.

=ne t#ing! m opinion is base% on t#e la(s an% t#e urispru%ence applicable to our

situation. 4' b an circumstance ou tae our plig#t to court, 4 am con'i%ent t#at t#e case (ill be %eci%e% in our 'a/or.

@er trul ours,

mile ustin P. Cebrianhttp://www.scrid.com/doc/'0%331/Sample-egal-Opinion

http://www.scribd.com/doc/48068331/Sample-Legal-Opinion

http://www.scribd.com/doc/48068331/Sample-Legal-Opinion



Documents

091713 LEGRE Memorandum