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Deel 2: Organisatie van de informatievoorziening

Prof. dr. Jan Vanthienen

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Deel 2: Organisatie van de informatievoorziening

Hoofdstuk 3: Bedrijfsaspecten van ICT Effectiviteit, Efficiëntie en productiviteit van informatiesystemen. Flexibiliteit, Kosten-

baten, TCO Hoofdstuk 4: Beslissingsprocessen

MIS, OLTP versus DSS, Group DSS, OLAP, Corporate Performance Management, data warehousing, Business Intelligence, digital dashboards, Knowledge Discovery in Data, Belang van externe informatie, waarde van externe informatie

Hoofdstuk 5: Informatie- en Kennismanagement Organizational learning en knowledge management, portals, content management,

text mining, beslissingstabellen Hoofdstuk 6: Organisatie van controleprocessen

Interne versus externe controle, audit, controle op beslissingen, Six-Sigma, Fraude en fraudedetectie, controle op informatiesysteemontwikkeling, Virussen en Malware

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Hoofdstuk 3: Bedrijfsaspecten van ICT

Effectiviteit, Efficiëntie, Flexibiliteit en Productiviteit van

informatiesystemen en het omgaan met informatie

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Soorten Informatiesystemen

Volgens niveau van leidinggeven

Volgens functioneel gebied

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De belangrijkste soorten IS

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Additionele types IS

Office AutomationSystems (OAS)

Knowledge WorkSystems (KWS)

(Source: Laudon & Laudon, Management Information Systems 8, chapter 2)

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ERP Systems Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

systems:

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• Capital management (IT investment decisions)

• Foundation of doing business (high-quality, low-cost)

• Productivity (increase productivity and efficiency )

• Strategic opportunity and advantage

Value of Information Systems

Reasons why IT matters to the business:

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• Create competitive advantage: IT makes it possible to develop competitive advantages.

• New Business Models: Dell Computer: IT enabled build-to-order business model.

• Create new services: eBay has developed the largest auction trading platform for millions of individuals and businesses.

• Differentiate yourself from your competitors: Amazon has become the largest book retailer in the United States on the strength of its huge online inventory and recommender system.

Strategic Opportunity and Advantage

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Four Kinds of Structural Change:

• Automation: Mechanizing procedures to speed up the performance of existing tasks

• Rationalization of procedures: The streamlining of standard

operating procedures

• Business process reengineering: Analysis and redesign of business processes to reorganize workflows and reduce waste and repetitive tasks

• Paradigm shift: Radical reconceptualization of the nature of the business and the nature of the organization

Information Systems and Organizational Change

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Figure 14-3

Organizational Change: risks and rewards

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Cost of Information Systems Total cost of ownership includes:

Hardware Software Installation Integration Training Support Maintenance Infrastructure requirements Downtime Space and energy End-user cost (time, fuzz-factor)

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THE INTRANET: COST ASPECTS

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Maintenance67%

Integration8%

Moduletesting

7%

Modulecoding

5%Design

6%Planning1%

Specification(Analysis)

4%

Requirements2%

Relative costs of lifecycle phases

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Informatie en bedrijfsvoering: aandachtspunten!!

Operationele systemen Verlopen de operaties efficiënt, flexibel? Bruikbaarheid, aanvaarding Is voldaan aan de regels?

Knowledge Work systemen Worden de werkzaamheden ondersteund? Information & Knowledge management

Ondersteuning van managementbeslissingen Is de informatie voorhanden? Hoe kunnen betere beslissingen genomen worden?

Algemeen ook: kosten en baten, TCO

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• Information systems literacy: Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations, management and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers

• Computer literacy: Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding how computer technologies work

 

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Information Systems Problem Areas

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Information Systems Success or Failure Factors

Figure 15-5

Causes of Implementation Success and Failure

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Een aantal voorbeelden

Information overload Informatie-integratie Kwaliteit van informatieverwerking De totale keten Kwaliteit van het proces Effectiviteit en efficiëntie

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Data explosion problem Automated data collection tools and mature database

technology lead to tremendous amounts of data stored in databases (legacy data, ERP, scanner data, web data, documents, mobile, multimedia, RFID, …)

Traditional techniques

Paper, Query and reporting, Spreadsheet analysis, …

But: information overload

The Information Tsunami

Who wants some more

data?

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Megabyte: 1,000,000 or 106 bytes 2 megabytes: Hi-res photo 5 megabytes: Complete works of Shakespeare

Gigabyte: 1,000,000,000 or 109 bytes 1 gigabyte: Pickup truck filled with paper 2 gigabytes: Movie on a DVD

Terabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1012 bytes] all the X-ray films in a large technological hospital 2 Terabytes: An academic research library 10 Terabytes: The printed collection of the US Library of Congress 50 Terabytes: The contents of a large Mass Storage System 200 Terabytes: Worldwide production of office documents (printer/copier)

400 million trees (annually) 900 Terabytes: The required storage space for email (annual)

Petabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1015 bytes] 1 Petabyte: 3 years of EOS data (2001) 2 Petabytes: All US academic research libraries 8 Petabytes: All information available on the Web 20 Petabytes: Production of hard-disk drives in 1995 200 Petabytes: All printed material

Exabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1018 bytes] 2 Exabytes: Total volume of information generated worldwide annually 5 Exabytes: All words ever spoken by human beings

Zettabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1021 bytes] Yottabyte [ 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes OR 1024 bytes]

The Information Tsunami

(www.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003/)

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Structured/Unstructured Information

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Growth Trends

Moore’s law Computer speed doubles

every 18 months

Stored data total storage doubles every 9

months

Consequence very little data will ever be

looked at by a human More intelligent use is

NEEDED to make sense and use of data.

(Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro)

Storage

Processing

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Today’s Information Systems: Islands of Information

OrderEntry

TrainingSchedules

CRM

WebContent

KnowledgeBase

Departmental Silos of InformationDepartmental Silos of Information

ERPProduct

Literature

Support

(P. Hinssen)

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Portals

OrderEntry

Support

TrainingSchedules

ProductLiteratureERP

WebContent

CRM

KnowledgeBase

Enterprise PortalEverything you need to

do your job

Enterprise PortalEverything you need to

do your job

SalesMarketing

Customer Serviceetc.

CustomersPartnersSuppliers

Extranet PortalOne-to-One relationships

Extranet PortalOne-to-One relationships

(P. Hinssen)

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Knowledge work systems

A recent Slashdot posting reports that, according to both PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG, more than 90% of corporate spreadsheets contain material errors. With each error costing between $10K and 100K per month, one expert estimates corporate America loses in excess of $10B annually through the misuse and abuse of spreadsheets.

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Organizational Capital

Source: E. Brynjolfsson, keynote at MIT Sloan, 19 April 2002 Annual Conference

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Operationele bedrijfsprocessen

informatie? flexibiliteit? compliance? effectiviteit? efficiëntie?

A D

B

C

EA D

B

C

ED

B

C

E

A D

B

C

E

E

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INFORMATION

CAPTURING

VALIDATION AND

ANNOTATION

INTEGRATIONAND

IMPLEMENTATION

INFORMATION

DISTRIBUTION

MessagingRFIDDigital Culture

VerificationQualityTaxonomies

Business WarehousingArchivingContent ManagementBusiness Intelligence

ReportingEmailVisualizationPortals

The Information Value Chain

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Resultaten van investeringen in informatiesystemen

47%

28%

2%3%

20%

software geleverd ennooit gebruikt (47%)

software nooit geleverd(28%)

software aanvankelijkgebruikt, daarnaafgedankt (20%)

software gebruikt naaanpassing (3%)

software direct bruikbaarna levering (2%)

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EmailSymptoms:• Volume• Time• Broadcasts• Lost Knowledge• Spam• Attachments• Viruses• Security

The real problems:• Content management• Expertise• Document management• Routing• Workflow• Attitude• …

Spam is a problem, a big problem, but the solution is easy: Delete.

The real problem is the rest of the emails

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Advantages of email Fast Inexpensive Electronic, Stored, provides a record Independent of time and place Great for sharing and distributing documents Can eliminate telephone tag Reduces hierarchy Supports collaboration Supports virtual teams and teleworking Has changed the way we do business!!

Advantages for the sender, or the receiver?

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The Dark side Growing at 40% each year

30 messages per day in 2007 is 82 messages per day in 2010

Cost of time wasted is huge Often 3 to 4 hours per day spent on e-mail

without any offsetting reductions in other work

Taking over our lives 40% of people take computers

on vacation with them to avoid e-mail backlog when they return to their offices

E-mail is upsetting both organizations and people The cost of time wasted by poor e-mail habits is estimated to be $20+

million per year in an organization of 10,000 employees Much, perhaps most, of the e-mail we receive each day is just time-

wasting, mind-numbing noise

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Zachman Framework

1

2

3

4

5

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Contextual/Scope

Conceptual/Enterprise

Logical/IS Functionality

Physical/Design

As Built/Subcontractor

Functioning/Code

Why

ObjectivePrecedentObjective

Who

OrganizationReporting

Organization

When

Event CycleEvent

Where

NodeLineNode

What

Entity Relationship

Entity

How

InputProcessOutput